勤劳的手 勤劳的脑
给我汉字 Funds are the lifeblood of our ability to operate normally, while the fund management has become the core content of corporate governance. Finance and Accounting is exclusively through certain technical means and methods of accounting for funds, and specifically for corporate governance, decision-making accounting information in a discipline. As we all know, with the continuous development of the economy, financial accounting in the management, decision-making in an increasingly important role. Accordingly, the financial accounting of quality, a direct impact on the managers, operators, investors and the public interest, but also affect the company's economic, social image and social credibility, and therefore the process of socio-economic operations irreplaceable status. Enterprise Management is designed to achieve maximum benefits in the enterprise, that is a great honor to bring to the enterprise, and the various enterprises will realize the healthy and sustainable development. Business operations and financial condition is through the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and reflected. The accounting department directly through the corporate accounting, business conditions and results for effective financial analysis, not only to promote enterprise managers can quickly understand how much of the current corporate profits and the level of debt capacity, but also can be found Enterprise The size of the risks, pros and cons of corporate capital structure, so that the operators use many aspects of the enterprise to make the right decisions, with minimal risk, the most healthy financial position to achieve the maximum profit the best. At the same time, you can also find some essential issues, in order to improve management to provide the basis of some relevant
Funds are the lifeblood of our ability to operate normally， while the fund management has become the core content of corporate governance. Finance and Accounting is exclusively through certain technical means and methods of accounting for funds， and specifically for corporate governance， decision-making accounting information in a discipline.As we all know， with the continuous development of the economy， financial accounting in the management， decision-making in an increasingly important role. Accordingly， the financial accounting of quality， a direct impact on the managers， operators， investors and the public interest， but also affect the company's economic， social image and social credibility， and therefore the process of socio-economic operations irreplaceable status. Enterprise Management is designed to achieve maximum benefits in the enterprise， that is a great honor to bring to the enterprise， and the various enterprises will realize the healthy and sustainable development. Business operations and financial condition is through the balance sheet， income statement， cash flow statement and reflected. The accounting department directly through the corporate accounting， business conditions and results for effective financial analysis， not only to promote enterprise managers can quickly understand how much of the current corporate profits and the level of debt capacity， but also can be found Enterprise The size of the risks， pros and cons of corporate capital structure， so that the operators use many aspects of the enterprise to make the right decisions， with minimal risk， the most healthy financial position to achieve the maximum profit the best. At the same time， you can also find some essential issues， in order to improve management to provide the basis of some relevant.What is the accounting?For many years the popular saying，accounting is accounting，scores and accounting.Ancient China "accounting" arising out of the Western Zhou Dynasty，mainly referring to the activities of the income and expenditure records，inspection and supervision.In the Qing Dynasty scholar Jiao Xun "Mencius justice"，a book on the "will" and "dollars" for the general explained:"it is sporadic in terms of the total cost-effective it will，" it is necessary to carry out the accounting for the individual accounts，individual accounts should be integrated，comprehensive accounting system.Accounting concept:Accounting is the currency as a major units of measurement，using a series of specialized method，the economic activities of enterprises continuous，systematic，comprehensive and integrated accounting and oversight and based on this analysis of economic activity，forecast and control to improve the economy the effectiveness of a management activities.How to be a good accountant? In recent years accountant is such a boom that many people are eager to it. Then how to be a good accountant? In the first place a good accountant must have strong technical skills which is the most important.In the second place a good accountant must be careful and have a strong sense of responsibility for his or her job. Besides a good accountant should develop wide relationship with some people who own abundant skil knowedge in order to widen your knowledge. What's more a good accountant should own the ability learning new knowledge by yourself so that you can adapt the fluxion. The last but not the least a good accontant also should have good professional ethics which is indispensable.Accounting ethics is primarily a field of applied ethics， the study of moral values and judgments as they apply to accountancy. It is an example of professional ethics. Accounting ethics were first introduced by Luca Pacioli， and later expanded by government groups， professional organizations， and independent companies. Ethics are taught in accounting courses at higher education institutions as well as by companies training accountants and auditors.Due to the diverse range of accounting services and recent corporate collapses， attention has been drawn to ethical standards accepted within the accounting profession. These collapses have resulted in a widespread disregard for the reputation of the accounting profession. To combat the criticism and prevent fraudulent accounting， various accounting organizations and governments have developed regulations and remedies for improved ethics among the accounting profession.The nature of the work carried out by accountants and auditors requires a high level of ethics. Shareholders， potential shareholders， and other users of the financial statements rely heavily on the yearly financial statements of a company as they can use this information to make an informed decision about investment. They rely on the opinion of the accountants who prepared the statements， as well as the auditors that verified it， to present a true and fair view of the company. Knowledge of ethics can help accountants and auditors to overcome ethical dilemmas， allowing for the right choice that， although it may not benefit the company， will benefit the public who relies on the accountant/auditor's reporting.Accounting is an economic management. In the non-commodity economy accounting directly for property and materials management in commodity economy because of commodity production and exchange of commodities economic activity in the property and materials are a form of value performance accounting is used form of value the management of the property and materials. If accounting is an information system and mainly focused on corporate and external information users then that is an economic management accounting activities was mainly within the enterprises the. History and reality the accounting is social production develops to a certain stage of the product development and production is to meet the needs of the management especially with the development of the commodity economy and the emergence of competition in the market through demand management on the economy activities strict control and supervision.At the same time the content and form of accounting constantly improve and change from a purely accounting scores mainly for accounting operations external submit accounting statements as in prior operating forecasts decision-making on the matter of economic activities control and supervision in hindsight check. Clearly accounting whether past present or future it is people's economic management activities.i will introduce my major .my major is accounting in xxx university.and my major，which lays more stress on practical use， seems to be at the end of it.when both of them interact well enough，the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.four years’ university education gives me a lot of things to learn，a lot of chances to try，and a lot of practices to improve myself.it teaches me not only what to study and how to think，but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as possible). in the university life，i have made many good friends.they help me improve my study and research ability， do ererything just like a man，and often give me good example to follow.
自己的事麻烦别人
Getty Images It’s shortly after 10 a.m., and The Body—all 237 pounds of him—is in his cubicle, sifting through e-mails. I’m wedged next to his liver, sifting through the metabolic remains of his morning drink: Vitaminwater. It calls itself a “nutrient enhanced” beverage, a nutritious cocktail. Ha! It’s mostly sugar in a bottle, and I love it. It sneaks past the digestive system and lands in the liver, which converts it to fat and sends it straight to me. What a bonanza!It’s a great time for me and my brethren fat cells. After millennia of toeing the line and giving up our stores whenever the muscles and nerves called on us, we’re now taking over. You don’t have to take my word for it. You can see it on the streets every day. More than 35 percent of adult Americans are obese. Not just overweight—obese. Cardiovascular disease? Type 2 diabetes? Cancer? Not my problem. I’m livin’ large.By 11 a.m.,The Body’s starving. That muffin he had for breakfast provided plenty of calories, but they don’t satisfy him the way they used to. See, it’s my job to send a hormone signal—called leptin—to the brain so it makes The Body feel full. It used to work like a charm. But these days, I pump leptin like it’s a Middle Eastern oil well, and it just floats around in the bloodstream, aimless. With all that excess insulin swirling around to help The Body sop up his extra sugar intake, the brain doesn’t receive my usual leptin signal and issue the “you’re stuffed, stop eating” message. So he’s more apt to feel hungry soon after he finishes eating.Life is sweet—saccharine, really. But it wasn’t always. I remember 40 years ago (The Body was barely a teenager) when I was born along with many of my fatty friends (puberty, the school nurse called it, which is when most adult fat cells should finish forming). I’d wait all day for some spare fatty acids I could store. Back then, most of the nutrition got used up. We fat cells would swell slightly, then shrink again. Those were lean times.But I’m not going anywhere. I mean that literally. Fat cells never disappear. We’re virtually indestructible. The Body can deprive me of the greasy good stuff, and I’ll wither—but when he hits the drive-through again, I’ll rebound faster than he can say “Supersize me!” In a normal body, fat cells are mostly done forming after puberty. But if you’re obese, your fat cells plump up so much that new ones can be created. And lately, my neighborhood’s been getting a little crowded. Every time a fellow fat cell fills up and hits its maximum storage capacity, a new fat cell pops up next door. I’ve heard that a normal body has around 40 billion fat cells, but The Body rolls deep—in here, there are 80 billion just like me!I’m pretty lucky. Back when The Body went off to college, he developed a soda habit. At almost every lunch, he’d knock one back. It was a special treat, and I’d snag a few fat droplets from the liver each time and store them up. He liked the caffeine, too, the pep it gave him in the afternoon. Soon enough, after The Body graduated and found a job, he needed another can of soda just to push through the midafternoon slump. That was the start of my glory years.Nephron via Wikimedia Commons Hear that? The Body’s opening a can of soda as he digs in to his low-fat microwave lasagna. He’s trying to cut back, shed a few pounds—and hey, if you’re trying to lose weight, it makes sense to eat less fat. But have you ever tried lasagna without butter or oil? Tastes like cardboard. So there’s extra salt and sugar to compensate, and it’s still easy for me to convert some of that sugar to fat and squirrel it away. He has no idea!The poor sap. Back in college, when The Body skied or cycled almost every weekend, his weight was under control. His diet had a lot less sugar, and his brain listened to my leptin warnings, quashing his hunger whenever I managed to plump up. I’d get a little ahead after a big weekend of beer and wings, inflate a tad. Then the next day he’d eat a bagel and apple for breakfast and jump on his bike. His muscles burned up all the handy glucose, and I’d be forced to break down some of my precious self into fatty acids and glycerol. I’d give glycerol to the liver, which would convert it into glucose to burn, and the fatty acids would go straight to the muscles for energy. I’d deflate and hunker down, waiting for his next binge.Now he polishes off the lasagna tray in six bites and swivels back to his computer, clicking and clacking through the afternoon. When he heaves himself from his chair to head home at 5 p.m., it’s the hardest his heart has had to work all day. I’m not worried, though—there’s plenty of fuel in his muscles to provide energy, so I never have to offer up any of myself to help. I’m lying low, laughing, confident I’ll never be called on to liquidate my stash.I get to relax during the hour-long commute home. What will I have for dinner tonight? Fried chicken? Burgers? But when The Body sags into his chair at the dinner table, he sees grilled chicken and salad. Lettuce, tomatoes, peppers… and what the heck is that, toasted pine nuts?! Oil-and-vinegar dressing, not even creamy ranch. Unfortunately, the salad’s fiber slows his digestion of the sugary dinner roll he snags from the basket. What gives? he asks. We’re eating healthy, says his wife. No more junk for dinner.This could be bad for me, but I know The Body, and true to form, he cracks a beer. Sweet relief! I can score fat out of a beer as well as a can of soda. The ethanol it contains is a derivative of sugar, so some of the boozy goodness goes through the liver and converts to fat. After dinner, he takes the dog out for a walk. Thankfully, a casual stroll won’t exert enough energy to dip into my storage. Even better, when he gets home, he plops down to watch the game. Conditioned to snack at night, he grabs a Rice Krispies square, a tiny sugar boost for me. He slides into bed around midnight, hoping for his usual six hours of sleep. While The Body snoozes, I get to relax too. He doesn’t rely on my stores during the middle of the night, so I’m waiting for morning and already pulsating. I know his lack of sleep will make him stressed, hungry, and more likely to crave sugary, high-carb foods. Mmm, maybe doughnuts for breakfast?
Old soldiers never die friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and can be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense. It envisions no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions essential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggression. The holding of this literal defense line in the western Pacific is entirely dependent upon holding all segments thereof; for any major breach of that line by an unfriendly power would render vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment. This is a military estimate as to which I have yet to find a military leader who will take exception. For that reason, I have strongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency, that under no circumstances must Formosa fall under Communist control. Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington. To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture over the past 50 years. China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous, being compartmented into groups divided against each other. The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets of the Confucian ideal of pacifist culture. At the turn of the century, under the regime of Chang Tso Lin, efforts toward greater homogeneity produced the start of a nationalist urge. This was further and more successfully developed under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek, but has been bromally cautioned as follows: "Men since the beginning of time have sought peace. Various methods through the aystem, Armageddon will be at our door. The problem basically is theological and involves a spiritual recrudescence and improvement of human character that will synchronize with our almost matchless=ustified that means, where appeasement has led to more than a sham peace. Like blackmail, it lays the basis for new and successively greater demands until, as in blackmail, violence becomes the only other alternative. "Why," my soldiers asked of me, "surrender military advantages to an enemy in the field?" I could not answer. Some may say: to avoid spread of the conflict into an all-out war with China; others, to avoid territorial limits. It condemns that nation, which it is our purpose to save, to suffer the devastating impact of full naval and air bombardment while the enemy's sanctuaries =barrack
Old soldiers never die Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, and Distinguished Members of the Congress: I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride -- humility in the weight of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised. Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race. I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the issues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan consideration. They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected. I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving that which I have to say as solely expressing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American. I address you with neither rancor nor bitterness in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country. The issues are global and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector, oblivious to those of another, is but to court disaster for the whole. While Asia is commonly referred to as the Gateway to Europe, it is no less true that Europe is the Gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other. There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort. I can think of no greater expression of defeatism. If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his effort. The Communist threat is a global one. Its successful advance in one sector threatens the destruction of every other sector. You can not appease or otherwise surrender to communism in Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe. Beyond pointing out these general truisms, I shall confine my discussion to the general areas of Asia. Before one may objectively assess the situation now existing there, he must comprehend something of Asia's past and the revolutionary changes which have marked her course up to the present. Long exploited by the so-called colonial powers, with little opportunity to achieve any degree of social justice, individual dignity, or a higher standard of life such as guided our own noble administration in the Philippines, the peoples of Asia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism and now see the dawn of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom. Mustering half of the earth's population, and 60 percent of its natural resources these peoples are rapidly consolidating a new force, both moral and material, with which to raise the living standard and erect adaptations of the design of modern progress to their own distinct cultural environments. Whether one adheres to the concept of colonization or not, this is the direction of Asian progress and it may not be stopped. It is a corollary to the shift of the world economic frontiers as the whole epicenter of world affairs rotates back toward the area whence it started. In this situation, it becomes vital that our own country orient its policies in consonance with this basic evolutionary condition rather than pursue a course blind to the reality that the colonial era is now past and the Asian peoples covet the right to shape their own free destiny. What they seek now is friendly guidance, understanding, and support -- not imperious direction -- the dignity of equality and not the shame of subjugation. Their pre-war standard of life, pitifully low, is infinitely lower now in the devastation left in war's wake. World ideologies play little part in Asian thinking and are little understood. What the peoples strive for is the opportunity for a little more food in their stomachs, a little better clothing on their backs, a little firmer roof over their heads, and the realization of the normal nationalist urge for political freedom. These political-social conditions have but an indirect bearing upon our own national security, but do form a backdrop to contemporary planning which must be thoughtfully considered if we are to avoid the pitfalls of unrealism. Of more direct and immediately bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean in the course of the past war. Prior thereto the western strategic frontier of the United States lay on the literal line of the Americas, with an exposed island salient extending out through Hawaii, Midway, and Guam to the Philippines. That salient proved not an outpost of strength but an avenue of weakness along which the enemy could and did attack. The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. All this was changed by our Pacific victory. Our strategic frontier then shifted to embrace the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat to protect us as long as we held it. Indeed, it acts as a protective shield for all of the Americas and all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area. We control it to the shores of Asia by a chain of islands extending in an arc from the Aleutians to the Mariannas held by us and our free allies. From this island chain we can dominate with sea and air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore -- and prevent any hostile movement into the Pacific. Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious effort.* No amphibious force can be successful without control of the sea lanes and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance. With naval and air supremacy and modest ground elements to defend bases, any major attack from continental Asia toward us or our friends in the Pacific would be doomed to failure. Under such conditions, the Pacific no longer represents menacing avenues of approach for a prospective invader. It assumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and can be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense. It envisions no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions essential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggression. The holding of this literal defense line in the western Pacific is entirely dependent upon holding all segments thereof; for any major breach of that line by an unfriendly power would render vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment. This is a military estimate as to which I have yet to find a military leader who will take exception. For that reason, I have strongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency, that under no circumstances must Formosa fall under Communist control. Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington. To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture over the past 50 years. China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous, being compartmented into groups divided against each other. The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets of the Confucian ideal of pacifist culture. At the turn of the century, under the regime of Chang Tso Lin, efforts toward greater homogeneity produced the start of a nationalist urge. This was further and more successfully developed under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek, but has been brought to its greatest fruition under the present regime to the point that it has now taken on the character of a united nationalism of increasingly dominant, aggressive tendencies. Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals. They now constitute excellent soldiers, with competent staffs and commanders. This has produced a new and dominant power in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Russia but which in its own concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic, with a lust for expansion and increased power normal to this type of imperialism. There is little of the ideological concept either one way or another in the Chinese make-up. The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation has been so thoroughly dissipated by war that the masses are desperate and eager to follow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies. I have from the beginning believed that the Chinese Communists' support of the North Koreans was the dominant one. Their interests are, at present, parallel with those of the Soviet. But I believe that the aggressiveness recently displayed not only in Korea but also in Indo-China and Tibet and pointing potentially toward the South reflects predominantly the same lust for the expansion of power which has animated every would-be conqueror since the beginning of time. The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. That it may be counted upon to wield a profoundly beneficial influence over the course of events in Asia is attested by the magnificent manner in which the Japanese people have met the recent challenge of war, unrest, and confusion surrounding them from the outside and checked communism within their own frontiers without the slightest slackening in their forward progress. I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race. Of our former ward, the Philippines, we can look forward in confidence that the existing unrest will be corrected and a strong and healthy nation will grow in the longer aftermath of war's terrible destructiveness. We must be patient and understanding and never fail them -- as in our hour of need, they did not fail us. A Christian nation, the Philippines stand as a mighty bulwark of Christianity in the Far East, and its capacity for high moral leadership in Asia is unlimited. On Formosa, the government of the Republic of China has had the opportunity to refute by action much of the malicious gossip which so undermined the strength of its leadership on the Chinese mainland. The Formosan people are receiving a just and enlightened administration with majority representation on the organs of government, and politically, economically, and socially they appear to be advancing along sound and constructive lines. With this brief insight into the surrounding areas, I now turn to the Korean conflict. While I was not consulted prior to the President's decision to intervene in support of the Republic of Korea, that decision from a military standpoint, proved a sound one, as we hurled back the invader and decimated his forces. Our victory was complete, and our objectives within reach, when Red China intervened with numerically superior ground forces. This created a new war and an entirely new situation, a situation not contemplated when our forces were committed against the North Korean invaders; a situation which called for new decisions in the diplomatic sphere to permit the realistic adjustment of military strategy. Such decisions have not been forthcoming. While no man in his right mind would advocate sending our ground forces into continental China, and such was never given a thought, the new situation did urgently demand a drastic revision of strategic planning if our political aim was to defeat this new enemy as we had defeated the old. Apart from the military need, as I saw It, to neutralize the sanctuary protection given the enemy north of the Yalu, I felt that military necessity in the conduct of the war made necessary: first the intensification of our economic blockade against China; two the imposition of a naval blockade against the China coast; three removal of restrictions on air reconnaissance of China's coastal areas and of Manchuria; four removal of restrictions on the forces of the Republic of China on Formosa, with logistical support to contribute to their effective operations against the common enemy. For entertaining these views, all professionally designed to support our forces committed to Korea and bring hostilities to an end with the least possible delay and at a saving of countless American and allied lives, I have been severely criticized in lay circles, principally abroad, despite my understanding that from a military standpoint the above views have been fully shared in the past by practically every military leader concerned with the Korean campaign, including our own Joint Chiefs of Staff. I called for reinforcements but was informed that reinforcements were not available. I made clear that if not permitted to destroy the enemy built-up bases north of the Yalu, if not permitted to utilize the friendly Chinese Force of some 600,000 men on Formosa, if not permitted to blockade the China coast to prevent the Chinese Reds from getting succor from without, and if there were to be no hope of major reinforcements, the position of the command from the military standpoint forbade victory. We could hold in Korea by constant maneuver and in an approximate area where our supply line advantages were in balance with the supply line disadvantages of the enemy, but we could hope at best for only an indecisive campaign with its terrible and constant attrition upon our forces if the enemy utilized its full military potential. I have constantly called for the new political decisions essential to a solution. Efforts have been made to distort my position. It has been said, in effect, that I was a warmonger. Nothing could be further from the truth. I know war as few other men now living know it, and nothing to me is more revolting. I have long advocated its complete abolition, as its very destructiveness on both friend and foe has rendered it useless as a means of settling international disputes. Indeed, on the second day of September, nineteen hundred and forty-five, just following the surrender of the Japanese nation on the Battleship Missouri, I formally cautioned as follows: "Men since the beginning of time have sought peace. Various methods through the ages have been attempted to devise an international process to prevent or settle disputes between nations. From the very start workable methods were found in so far as individual citizens were concerned, but the mechanics of an instrumentality of larger international scope have never been successful. Military alliances, balances of power, Leagues of Nations, all in turn failed, leaving the only path to be by way of the crucible of war. The utter destructiveness of war now blocks out this alternative. We have had our last chance. If we will not devise some greater and more equitable system, Armageddon will be at our door. The problem basically is theological and involves a spiritual recrudescence and improvement of human character that will synchronize with our almost matchless advances in science, art, literature, and all material and cultural developments of the past 2000 years. It must be of the spirit if we are to save the flesh." But once war is forced upon us, there is no other alternative than to apply every available means to bring it to a swift end. War's very object is victory, not prolonged indecision. In war there is no substitute for victory. There are some who, for varying reasons, would appease Red China. They are blind to history's clear lesson, for history teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasement but begets new and bloodier war. It points to no single instance where this end has justified that means, where appeasement has led to more than a sham peace. Like blackmail, it lays the basis for new and successively greater demands until, as in blackmail, violence becomes the only other alternative. "Why," my soldiers asked of me, "surrender military advantages to an enemy in the field?" I could not answer. Some may say: to avoid spread of the conflict into an all-out war with China; others, to avoid Soviet intervention. Neither explanation seems valid, for China is already engaging with the maximum power it can commit, and the Soviet will not necessarily mesh its actions with our moves. Like a cobra, any new enemy will more likely strike whenever it feels that the relativity in military or other potential is in its favor on a world-wide basis. The tragedy of Korea is further heightened by the fact that its military action is confined to its territorial limits. It condemns that nation, which it is our purpose to save, to suffer the devastating impact of full naval and air bombardment while the enemy's sanctuaries are fully protected from such attack and devastation. Of the nations of the world, Korea alone, up to now, is the sole one which has risked its all against communism. The magnificence of the courage and fortitude of the Korean people defies description. They have chosen to risk death rather than slavery. Their last words to me were: "Don't scuttle the Pacific!" I have just left your fighting sons in Korea. They have met all tests there, and I can report to you without reservation that they are splendid in every way. It was my constant effort to preserve them and end this savage conflict honorably and with the least loss of time and a minimum sacrifice of life. Its growing bloodshed has caused me the deepest anguish and anxiety. Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. I am closing my 52 years of military service. When I joined the Army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all of my boyish hopes and dreams. The world has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and the hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain of one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that "old soldiers never die; they just fade away." And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty.
像我，我将读书当做一种享受，没什么可比舒静地坐在书房里看书更享受生活的了。下面给大家带来一些关于阅读的高三 议论文 1000字，希望对大家有所帮助。
关于阅读的高三议论文1
阅读是一种享受，给予我们精神的寄托，阅读中，我们会有无限的乐趣。休闲时，坐在公园的凳子上或是庭院里，一边享受阳光的沐浴和风的轻抚，一边读一些优美的 散文 ，你会觉得心情舒畅，一切都很好美!
我爱阅读，正如明代王心斋所说“乐是乐此学，学是学此乐，不乐不是学，不学不是乐”。因快乐而阅读，因阅读而快乐。知识的海洋无穷无尽，我通过阅读获取知识，了解 文化 发展，体会思想得到满足的愉悦。阅读不需要应试性的去读，而是带着一种享受的感觉去读，心烦意乱时，可以随意翻翻，或许文中的某段语句会让你静下心来，心情闲适时，阅读更是一种精神满足感的催化剂，让你感到世界的变化也有美丽之处。
阅读是发动机，给予我们奋斗的动力。当我们遭受挫折，意志消沉或心情烦闷时，何不去找一些励志作品读一读呢?比如罗曼。罗兰的《名人传》，奥斯特洛夫斯基的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。看如何磨练意志，从而使自己勇敢的面对困难，乐观的看待一切。阅读让生活变得充实，书卷中的意念像一股无形的动力，影响我们的思想和心态。
阅读是塑造一个人内在品格的重要途径。书就是社会，一本好书就是一个好的世界，好的社会，它能陶冶人的感情与气质，使人高尚。冰心也敬告我们“读书好，多读书，读好书”。犹记“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。”并达到“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。”的境界。我想这其中必不可缺阅读的功劳吧!阅读，是用心在读，每次阅读，都是我们心灵的一次旅行。好的阅读带给心灵的充盈与美满，提高人的内在修养与外在气质，从而成为人的一种享受，一份乐趣
“书中自有黄金屋，书中自有颜如玉，书中自有千钟粟，书中自有车如簇”。读书可以明智，读书可以使人心理健康，读书可以使人心态平衡，读书可以使生活滋润起来，读书可以使人生潇洒开去。阅读是一种享受，如品茶，似喝酒，若弹琴，像下棋，耐人寻味!
关于阅读的高三议论文2
弗朗西斯·培根说过：“读书给人以乐趣，给人以光彩，给人以才干。”那么，阅读到底是为了什么呢?怎么样才能让自己爱上阅读呢?《为乐趣而读书》会告诉你答案。
《为乐趣而读书》主要内容：我们阅读不是为了自己取得学位，也不是为了以后的生活。阅读不仅仅只是一种乐趣，它还会使你的生活丰富多彩，但前提是你要学会享受书本。谁都没有义务要去读诗、小说或者是一些文学作品，它只能为自己的乐趣而读。如果当自己看了一本自己觉得不合胃口的书，那么请就此搁下，因为你根本不能真正享受它，就算看完整本也毫无用处。设想一下，如果自己一而再再而三地被迫去看一些自己觉得厌倦的书，又怎么会养成阅读的好习惯呢?想要养成良好的阅读习惯其实很简单，因为没有一种工作能像阅读这样，随时随地开始，也可以中途立刻放下。
是啊!阅读是一种享受，看自己喜欢的书，更是一种乐趣!无论是小说、漫画、 童话 故事 ……我想，只要是自己喜欢的书，都会看得津津有味。
在生活中的我也是如此。当妈妈让我看一些文学类的书时，我就愁眉苦脸，十分不情愿。因为我不理解书中的意思，有些太过于哲理性的 句子 反而会使人感到枯燥、厌烦。现在，我的书柜上已经放满了给种各样我喜欢的书：《小公主》教会我善良;《爱的 教育 》也让我变得富有爱心;《宠物集中营》更让我懂得了动物是我们人类的朋友，我们要与它们和睦相处......这些书并不是什么名家名篇，哲理类 文章 ，只是一些更加贴近我们生活一点;这些书没有很多的好词佳句，只是它们比那些文学类的书更加简而易懂些!遇到自己喜欢看的书，我就会一直沉浸在书的世界中：每当读到兴奋的地方，不禁会心一笑，深受同感;读到颇有幽默的地方，也会笑得合不拢嘴;读到令人伤心的地方时，有时候甚至会鼻子一酸，热泪盈眶......这些书提高了我的写作能力，教会我做人的许多道理，就像是我的伙伴：逗你笑，陪你哭!
尽情阅读吧!阅读自己喜欢的书，把阅读当做一种乐趣，随时随地去享受，阅读，会使你的生活更加充实、快乐!
关于阅读的高三议论文3
书籍是人类数百年来无数聪明才智的载体，它记录着人类记几十年的知识教训。随着社会发展，社会上形形色色的书卷也日益繁多。当我面对如排山倒海般袭来的“书山书海”，不禁会想，我们为什么读书。
高尔基说过“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”人为生存，为了考学，拼命的读书，有人甚至说书籍是生计的敲门砖，有了事业即可不要书。对于这一观点，我不敢苟同，正如培根所说，“读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，物理使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑使人善辩。”在我看来，读书的目的并不在于为考试，而在读书，若只为考试而读，那变是读死书。我认为，读书的真正目的应是以下四点：
第一，读书让人获得知识。这是最浅显的作用。
我们从小到大所读的教科书目的也大于此。它让获得丰富的知识，获得渊博的学识，也让人们得到学位和工作，这些无足轻重的“副产品”。这一层的读书只是为了生活和学识。不可否认，知识的获得也是十分重要，毕竟“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会诌”吗?
第二，读书让人提高修养。
阅读一本好书，正如同一位知识渊博的学者谈话，“他”的语言中无不闪烁智慧的火花，无不传答着高尚的修养，从一本书中学到的修养，提高的品格，远比在生活磨砺中体会的深刻，体会的彻底。正如林语堂所说的如果读者获得书中的“味”，他便会在谈吐中把这种风味表现出来，如果他的谈吐中有了风味，他在写作中免不了会表现出风味来。着此间浅移默化的“味”，不正是在读书中体味的素养吗?
第三，读书让人开阔视野。
人生活的范围有限，限制于空间与时间的连锁中，当他只能同身边的交谈，他的认识是肤浅的，他的学识是简陋的。但当他打开一本书，时间，空间便再不能限制于他，他可以坐在家中看到世界各地，品味古今中外，他可以体会古战场上“马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊”的宏大，可以体会大草原上“风吹草地牛羊”的生机;可以体会黄昏下“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家”的忧;可以体会“白日放歌需纵酒，青春作伴好还乡”的欢喜。在书中人可以翱翔于智慧的天空，他的视野也不会只存在于一省，一市，一县，一国而是整个宇宙整个空间。着也许读书所换来的乐趣吧。
第四，读书让人明白事理。
韩愈曾说“人非生而知之者，孰能无或?”我想的疑虑也莫过于不明事理吧，读书里的名人，也许刚好可以找到答案，看世界名人的作人处事，从中可以学到许多 方法 ，对于明白事理，应是非常重要的吧。
在书籍中品味知识的博大精神。在书籍中培养修养的文雅得体，在书籍中开拓视野看大千世界，在书籍中学做人处事的方法道理。这也许是读书的真正目的吧。
关于阅读的高三议论文4
稳中求胜
梁山智有吴用，道有公孙，武更是好汉如云。英雄如雨，却以宋江为首。蜀国谋赖孔明，勇让关张，却以刘备为王，东木西金，南水北火，却以戍土居中。何也?
宋公明为人沉稳，刘备做事敦厚，戍土谦稳厚实，终脱颖而出，施展风采，各得其所，故曰：为人沉稳，稳中求胜，吉。
沉稳从志而来。一个人若没有远大的志向，只沉迷于现实的花花世界之中，自然无法拥有沉稳的性格。班超投笔从戎，志在报国，在对匈奴一战中从容不迫，沉稳冷静，终弘扬国威，不教胡马度阴山。林则徐斩钉截铁，志在禁烟，在与洋人交涉中不卑不亢，稳中含刚，终虎门销烟，让洋人胆战心寒。有远大的志向，眼光便放得远，心胸便沉稳下来，故曰：非有志者不能稳也。
沉稳从难而来。一个人若没有经历无数的挫折与磨难，身陷蜜水与襁褓之中，自然无法拥有沉稳的性格，一遇困境，便心浮气躁，岂能成所谓大事者哉。君不见文王拘而演《周易》，仲尼厄而作《春秋》，左丘失明厥有《国语》，孙子膑脚《兵法》修列。没有经历磨难，便无法形成沉稳的性格，也就无法取得辉煌的成就。始皇建秦以来，不居安思危，身陷声色犬马，终心浮气躁，毫无沉稳。一夫作难而七庙隳，身死人手，为天下笑。倘若秦王不念纷奢，经历磨难，以求沉稳，则可递三世以至万世而为君。
沉稳从无欲而来。孟子曰：“无欲者，可王矣。”无欲就是没有私欲，作大事者，不能因蝇头私利而毁坏全局，只有这样才能练就出沉稳的性格，赢得最终的胜利。如来佛祖抛除私欲，性格沉稳，终修成正果，普渡众生，诸葛孔明淡泊明志，宁静致远，终运筹帷幄，功成名就。有了私欲，心中自然无法沉稳下来，遇事则慌，处事则乱。霸王以一己私欲，赶走亚父，气走韩信，终被困垓下，遗憾千古，长使英雄泪满襟。霸王之败，后人哀之。后人哀之而不鉴之，则必使后人而复哀后人矣。
宋公明以沉稳之心赢得了好汉的拥护，刘备以沉稳之心赢得了半壁江山，而自然界的大山以沉稳的性格也在四季中变化出不同的色彩。让我们拥有一颗和大山一样沉稳的心吧，在我们的人生中也变化出不同的色彩来。
关于阅读的高三议论文5
弗朗西斯·培根说过：“读书给人以乐趣，给人以光彩，给人以才干。”那么，阅读到底是为了什么呢?怎么样才能让自己爱上阅读呢?《为乐趣而读书》会告诉你答案。
《为乐趣而读书》主要内容：我们阅读不是为了自己取得学位，也不是为了以后的生活。阅读不仅仅只是一种乐趣，它还会使你的生活丰富多彩，但前提是你要学会享受书本。谁都没有义务要去读诗、小说或者是一些文学作品，它只能为自己的乐趣而读。如果当自己看了一本自己觉得不合胃口的书，那么请就此搁下，因为你根本不能真正享受它，就算看完整本也毫无用处。设想一下，如果自己一而再再而三地被迫去看一些自己觉得厌倦的书，又怎么会养成阅读的好习惯呢?想要养成良好的阅读习惯其实很简单，因为没有一种工作能像阅读这样，随时随地开始，也可以中途立刻放下。
是啊!阅读是一种享受，看自己喜欢的书，更是一种乐趣!无论是小说、漫画、童话故事……我想，只要是自己喜欢的书，都会看得津津有味。
在生活中的我也是如此。当妈妈让我看一些文学类的书时，我就愁眉苦脸，十分不情愿。因为我不理解书中的意思，有些太过于哲理性的句子反而会使人感到枯燥、厌烦。现在，我的书柜上已经放满了给种各样我喜欢的书：《小公主》教会我善良;《爱的教育》也让我变得富有爱心;《宠物集中营》更让我懂得了动物是我们人类的朋友，我们要与它们和睦相处......这些书并不是什么名家名篇，哲理类文章，只是一些更加贴近我们生活一点;这些书没有很多的好词佳句，只是它们比那些文学类的书更加简而易懂些!遇到自己喜欢看的书，我就会一直沉浸在书的世界中：每当读到兴奋的地方，不禁会心一笑，深受同感;读到颇有幽默的地方，也会笑得合不拢嘴;读到令人伤心的地方时，有时候甚至会鼻子一酸，热泪盈眶......这些书提高了我的写作能力，教会我做人的许多道理，就像是我的伙伴：逗你笑，陪你哭!
尽情阅读吧!阅读自己喜欢的书，把阅读当做一种乐趣，随时随地去享受，阅读，会使你的生活更加充实、快乐!
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论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的 文章 ，简称之为论文。本文是我为大家整理的1000字的论文 范文 ，仅供参考。
在现代社会中，人与人之间的交往越来越密切。人们越发的感觉到 人际交往 的重要性。人际交往是一个集体成长和社会发展的需要. 大学生的社交能力普遍偏弱使得人际关系成为 重中之重的一个课题.多年来，学生长期在高考指挥棒下，过分注重 追求成绩而忽视了人际交往能力等其他素质的培养.进入高校后，学 校也很少有专门的系统课程培训.所以导致很多大学生智商很高，情商却很低，往往处理不好如何与其他人相处，沟通，交流. 我认为，人际交往时获取友谊的重要途径。处于青年期的大学生，思想活跃、感情丰富，人际交往的需要极为强烈，人人都渴望真诚友爱，大家都力图通过人际交往获得友谊，满足自己物质和精神上的需要。对于刚刚进入大学校园的新生，新的群体的构成和紧张的学习生活，使得一部分学生由此而导致了心理矛盾的加剧。此时，积极的人际交往，良好的人际关系，可以使人精神愉快，情绪饱满，充满信心，保持乐观的人生态度。友好、和谐、协调的人际交往，有利于大学生对不良情绪和情。在工作中同样如此，良好的人际关系能使我们保持一个良好的心情，全身心的投入到工作中去
“搞关系”算不上一个褒义词，很容易让人联想到“走后门”、“暗箱操作”等不光彩行为，但有一类人，他们的职责就是“搞关系”，这个关系“搞”得好不好，直接影响到企业的生产效率，这就是员工关系经理。员工关系经理是个不太常见的头衔，只有在正规的外企、国企集团、合资企业中才能觅到他的踪影。他的工作职责包括两大范畴：一是处理员工和 公司的关系，即传统意义的劳资关系，另一方面是员工内部的关系协调。
不论是工作还是生活，人际关系已经成为一个人在社会中最重要的组成部分之一。在工作中可以从很多方面体现出人际关系的重要性。人际关系用文明的角度来说，是一个人在社会集体关系网的地位的体现，用庸俗的角度说，就是兄弟多，讲义气的一定是“大哥”。
当然，结合你的实际，我个人也有一句话送给你，希望能对你起到帮助。如果你的所在单位是直辖市或省会城市的主线单位，那么亲属关系及世交关系，才会对你有直接性的帮助，如果是支线单位，那么你的主管领导将对你的前途起到直接作用，但前提是看你如何去做，你的综合能力如何。如果你所在单位是普通地县市的主线单位，那么除上述关系外，还要有一定的经济实力，如果是支线单位，基本就是靠经济实力和自身能力，所谓自身能力不完全是工作能力，70%是为人处事，也就是你所说的人际关系。总之，人际关系也要看在什么地方，什么时间来用。
官场上有三句话说的好“再大的领导、再大的官，也要看小爷翻不翻(脸)”“小爷喜欢玩你的话，当你是个玻璃球，小爷不喜欢玩你，你就是个玻璃碴子!”“如今都讲究“双盈”和“实效”，主要看你需要不需要!”
社会学将人际关系定义为人们在生产或生活活动过程中所建立的一种社会关系。心理学将人际关系定义为人与人在交往中建立的直接的心理上的联系。中文常指人与人交往关系的总称，也被称为“人际交往”，包括亲属关系、朋友关系、学友(同学)关系、师生关系、雇佣关系、战友关系、同事及领导与被领导关系等。人是社会动物，每个个体均有其独特之思想、背景、态度、个性、行为模式及价值观，然而人际关系对每个人的情绪、生活、工作有很大的影响，甚至对组织气氛、组织沟通、组织运作、组织效率及个人与组织之关系均有极大的影响。
有趣的共振现象
唐朝的时候，洛阳的一座寺院里出了一件怪事。寺院的房间里有一口铜铸的磬，没人敲它，常常自己“嗡嗡”地响起来，这里是什么原因呢?
原来，这口磬和饭堂的一口大钟，它们在发声时，每秒种的振动次数—
—频率正好相同。每当小和尚敲响大钟时，大钟的振动使得周围的空气也随着振动起来，当声波传到老和尚房内的磬上时，由于磬的频率跟声波频率相同，磬也跟着振动起来。发出了“嗡嗡”的响声。这就是发生振动的共振现象，也叫共鸣。
你注意过吧，胡琴的下端都有一个不小的“肚子”——蒙上蛇皮的竹筒。当你兴致勃勃地拉起胡琴时，琴弦的振动通过蛇皮会引起“肚子”中空气的共鸣，使发出来的琴声不仅响亮，而且音乐丰满，悠扬动听。人们把这种“肚子”叫做共鸣箱。你瞧，扬琴、琵琶、提琴、钢琴等乐器，不都有各种形状，大小不一的共鸣箱吗?
除了共鸣箱之外，人们利用共振现象来做的好事还不少呢。
建筑工人在造房子的时候，不论是浇灌混凝土的墙壁或地板，为了提高质量，总是一面灌混凝土，一面用振荡器进行震荡，使混凝土由于振荡更紧密、结实。
大街上的行人，车辆的喧闹声，机器的隆隆声——这些连绵不断的噪声不仅影响人们正常生活，还会损害人的听力。有一种共振性的消声器，是由开有许多小孔的孔板和空腔所构成。当传来的噪声频率与共振器的固有频率相同时，就会跟小孔内空气柱产生剧烈共振。这样，声音能在共振时转变为热能，使相当一部分噪声被“吞吃”掉。
此外，粉碎机，测振仪，电振泵等，也都是利用共振现象进行工作的。
但在某些情况下，共振现象也可能造成危害。例如：当军队过桥的时候，整齐的步伐能产生振动。如果它的频率接近于桥梁的固有频率，就可能使桥梁共振，以致到了断裂的程度。因此，部队过桥要用便步。
在我国西北一带，山头终年积雪。每当春暖花开，山上冰雪融化，雪层会离开原来的地方滑动。往往一次偶然的大吼声，厚厚的雪层就会因为共振而崩塌下来，因此规定攀登雪山的勘察队员，登山队员不能大声说话。
我们要将共振充分运用到各个科学领域，还要防止共振现象给生活、工作、环境带来危害。这就需要我们不断去研究、探索。
研究背景:中国学校 教育 普遍采取的是老师测评的 方法 ，由老师单方面给予学生评价，老师单方面的测评有着客观，公正，高效的优点，但不免存在与学生间缺少沟通，不能充分调动学生的学校积极性，参与度方面的缺点.本实验意在对比自我测评与老师测评的优缺点，进而研究学生自我测评的可取性.
研究内容:1.学生 英语口语 表现的自我测评与老师测评是否存在差异?2.如果存在差异是由什么导致的呢?3.自我测评相对于老师测评有什么优势呢?4..第二轮的学生测评会与老师的评价相接近吗?
研究方法:
1. 总体简介:通过两周的培训与十周的两轮的测评，测评由师生配合完成，评测标准包括四部分，每部分五分制.通过两轮学生自我测评与老师评价之间的的对比，以及发放的相关实验的问卷调查，根据其调查结果以及测评结果的差异反映实验结果.
2. 参与者:广东大学外国语学院师生，包括18位女同学，10名男同学，22名英语专业的同学和6名非英语专业的学生，在实验研究前，他们都以及 学习英语 6-12年.
3. 具体实验过程:A，通过评估培训确保学生们懂得测评的方法及准则，b，通过举例说明及老师及时的反馈来帮助同学们及时调整评估的准则.c，老师的参与跟及时指导让同学们明白正确客观的评分.d，位确保实验结果可靠性，学生们在测评前都经过了测评的相关培训.e，利用卡方测试表考察两次测评的相关性
4. 辅助工具:评分标准表，问卷调查，学生反馈表数据收集:1，第一轮老师测评与学生自我测评的差异达5.3分，而第二轮测评，差异缩小到1.4 2，学生自测第一轮跟第二轮的测评结果与考试的相关性分别为0.5521与0.7938
3，p值小于0.05，可以看出两次测评的结果是不同的
4，学生们对自我测评问卷调查的反馈，93%的同学认为学生们应该参与到测评中，71%的学生说他们的测评是以评分标准为基础的
研究结果:
1.学生们在第一轮测评中与老师测评的分数相差较大，而且学生们倾向于给自己打更低的分，在老师的及时反馈跟指导后，第二轮测评中的自我测评更加客观，更接近老师的评估分数.
2，问卷调查的反馈结果可以退出学生倾向给自己分数偏低的原因有学习过程，学生们不太倾向给自己过高的分，还有中国传统的自谦的思想。
3，问卷调查的反馈可以得出学生们对自我测评的积极态度。
研究结论：1，学生们在自我测评实验过程中不仅学会了评分方法，而且在给自己同学评分的过程中看出自己应该提升的地方。
2，实验结果表明学生们应该受到自我测评方面的培训，老师也应该给予学生相当的反馈帮助学生提升。学生的性格会左右其评分结果，如成绩更好的学生会给自己打相对较低的分，而成绩较差的同学会给自己打较高的分。
3，更长时间的实验过程会产生更加可信的结果。
稀土对花卉植物开花期的影响上海宝山区海滨二中 张蕾菁 吴军等随着人民生活水平的提高，人们对鲜花的需求也增加了。鲜花色彩艳丽，清香宜人，但都有花期不长久的缺陷。人们为延长鲜花的保鲜期，曾使用过不少试剂，如阿斯匹林等。我们则尝试用稀土来延长植物的开花期。稀土是一类稀有元素。农用稀土主要是镧和铈元素的化合物。它对植物生长有一定促进作用。为了解它对花期和花的大小有否影响，我们做了以下实验。一、实验材料农乐粉状物(一种稀土肥料)，金盏菊，烧杯。二、实验过程和记录将农乐配制成5种不同浓度的溶液，将金盏菊朵插入，另外设一对照组。列表如下：花直径为3—4cm 农乐溶液 情况记录 对照 50mg/100ml 花盛开，1周后凋谢 花6天后谢 100mg/100ml 花刚开，2周后谢，花盛开时比对照组略大 花6天后谢 150mg／100ml 花盛开，1周多后凋谢，叶色好 花6天后谢，枝上叶比前较差 200mg／100ml 花盛开，1周多后凋谢，叶色好 花6天后谢，枝上叶比前较差 300mg／l00ml 花盛开，1周多后凋谢，叶色好 花6天后谢，枝上叶比前较差 三、分析和讨论从上述实验记录可以认为：稀土对鲜花的开放时间有一定的延长作用。从50mg/100ml稀土溶液到3OOmg／100ml稀土溶液都有一定的延长开花期的作用，而且使花朵的直径也略有扩大。金盏菊施加稀土后一般能延长开花2--4天。我们认为，这与稀土能促进植物生命活动，促进叶绿素形成，增加有机物合成(加稀土溶液的植物叶色较深)有关。稀土也许有促进植物生殖器官吸收有机养料的作用。我们还发现，稀土浓度越高(在300mg／l00ml以下)，延长花朵开放的时间也越长。至于浓度到达多高才会有负作用，我们还得在以后作进一步研究。稀土是一种含微量元素的化合物，对植物生长有一定的促进作用。张、吴二位同学用农用稀土——农乐做延长花卉植物花期的试验，是很有实用价值的。从文章来看，这两位同学确实做了不少工作，也取得了可喜的成果，可嘉可勉。当然，和大多数初次独立进行科学实验的同学一样，他们在实验方法和实验报告的表述方面还显得不够成熟。不过这没关系，以后多开展一些这样的活动，多看一些课外书籍，他们一定会做得更好。与许多同龄人相比，他们已经领先一步了。首先，从报告的内容来看，作者只进行了一种花卉——金盏菊的花期实验，所以，报告的题目似改为“稀土对金盏菊花期的影响”更贴切一些。要知道，植物是一个外延很大的概念，在科学研究报告中是不能随意乱用的。把稀土对某一种植物有作用看作是对所有植物都有相同的作用，那是不行的。这叫以偏概全，往往会酿成大错。第二，极稀溶液的浓度应用ppm(百万分之一)表示，如文中的“50mg／lOOml"可表示为500ppm。第三，在报告中应该明确记录用金盏菊做试验的数量和次数(至少10株金盏菊，反复多次)。第四，花的开放有始花期、盛花期和凋谢期，它们的具体日期要记录明确、完整。注意，实验记录中的数据必须是明确的，如“6天”“23小时”等，不能出现“1周多”“10多天”之类比较含糊的数据，要不然“稀土越浓，花期越长”有何根据?(选自《中学科技》1994年第4期)二 整篇作文自选题目，利用最近一段课余时间(半个月或—个月)，尝试写一篇自然科学小论文。题目的选择很重要，可结合自己特别有兴趣的某门学科的学习、钻研，或者结合学科课外兴趣小组的课题研究活动，或者根据自己平时对某种自然现象的观察、研究，选择研究范围和研究深度适合自己水平、条件的题目。然后参照课文中提出的一些要求和注意点，去认真搜集并分析材料，提炼出有一定价值的观点，安排好合适的结构，快速起草并细心修改，最后认真誊清。课文后所附例文可供参考；还可以结合课外阅读，参读一些报刊上新近发表的科学小论文。下列题目供参考：1．沙尘暴的成因与防治2．××江的污染小议3．怎样防止土地荒漠化4．也谈敬畏生命5．析生物链
科技小论文范文1：树干为什么是圆的 在观察大自然的过程中我偶然发现，树干的形态都近似圆的——空圆锥状。树干为什么是圆锥状的?圆锥状树干有哪些好处?为了探索这些问题，我进行了更深入的观察、分析研究。在辅导老师的帮助下，我查阅了有关资料，了解到植物的茎有支持植物体、运输水分和其他养分的作用。树木的茎主要由维管束构成。茎的支持作用主要由木质部木纤维承担，虽然木本植物的茎会逐年加粗，但是在一定时间范围内，茎的木纤维数量是一定的，也就是树木茎的横截面面积一定。接着，我们围绕树干横截面面积一定，假设树干横截面长成不同形状，设计试验，探索树干呈圆锥状的原因和优点。经过实验，我们发现：(1)横截面积和长度一定时，三棱柱状物体纵向支持力最大，横向承受力最小；圆柱状物体纵向支持力不如三棱柱状物体，但横向承受力最大；(2)等质量不同形状的树干，矮个圆锥体形树干承受风力最大；(3)风是一种自然现象，影响着树木横截面的形状和树木生长的高矮。近似圆锥状的树干，重心低，加上庞大根系和大地连在一起，重心降得更低，稳度更大；(4)树干横截面呈圆形，可以减少损伤，具有更强的机械强度，能经受住风的袭击。同时，受风力的影响，树干各处的弯曲程度相似，不管风力来自哪个方向，树干承受的阻力大小相似，树干不易受到破坏。以上的实验反映了自然规律、自然界给我们启示：(1)横截面呈三角形的柱状物体，具有最大纵向支持力，其形态可用于建筑方面，例如角钢等；(2)横截面是圆形的圆状物体，具有最大的横向承受力，类似形态的建筑材料随处可见，如电视塔、电线杆等。 在我的观察、试验和分析过程中，逐渐解释、揭示了树干呈圆锥状的奥秘，增长了知识，把学到的知识联系实际加以应用，既巩固了学到的知识，又提高了学习的兴趣，还初步学会了科学观察和分析方法。范文2：皮鞋为什么越擦越亮每到星期天，我总要完成妈妈交给我的擦鞋任务。告诉你，这可是我一星期零花钱的来源哦!拿到沾满灰尘的皮鞋后，我先把鞋面的灰尘擦掉，然后涂上鞋油，仔仔细细地擦一擦，皮鞋就会变得又亮又好看了。可这是为什么呢我找了同样牌子同样款式的新旧两双皮鞋进行对比观察。我先用手触摸两双皮鞋的鞋面，发现新皮鞋的表面比旧皮鞋的表面光滑得多。旧皮鞋涂上鞋油，仔细擦过后，虽然亮了许多，但仍无法与新皮鞋相比。皮鞋的亮度是否与鞋面的光滑程度有关呢?我取来一双没擦过的旧皮鞋，在放大镜下鞋面显得凹凸不平的。然后，我再在皮鞋上圈出两块表面都比较粗造的A区和B区，A区涂上鞋油并仔细擦拭，B区不涂鞋油作空白对照。我发现A区擦拭后，表面明显变光滑了许多，而且放在阳光下也比B区有光泽。为什么两者会产生这样的差别呢?我想到在物理课上老师曾经讲过：影剧院墙壁的表面是凹凸不平的，这样可以使声音大部分被吸收掉，让观众不受回声的干扰。同样道理，光线照到任何物体的表面都会产生反射，假如这个平面是高低不平的，光线就会向四面八方散射掉；假如这个平面是光滑的，那么我们就可以在一定的方向上看到反射光。皮鞋的表面原来就不是绝对的光滑，如果是旧皮鞋，它的表面当然更加的不平，这样它就不能使光线在一定的方向上产生反射，所以看上去没有什么光泽。而鞋油中有一些小颗粒，擦鞋的时候这些小颗粒正好可以填入皮鞋表面的凹坑中。如果再用布擦一擦，让鞋油涂得更均匀些，就会使皮鞋的表面变得光滑、平整，反射光线的能力也加强了。通过实验，我终于知道了皮鞋越擦越亮的秘密啦!范文3：醋对花卉有什么影响醋是生活中常用的调味品，花卉则能净化生态环境，并美化我们的生活。你是否想到过，醋和花卉有什么关系呢?我们怀着好奇心，开展了这个课题的探究。据富有种花经验的人告诉我们，对盆栽花卉施些醋溶液，可改善盆花的生长，增加花朵，而且花艳叶茂。这一点我们在实验中很快就证实了。浓度不同的醋溶液，对花卉有不同的影响吗?这是我们第二阶段的实验。我们选取长势相同的满天星、报春花、月亮花各四盆，分为四组，每组（三盆）各有三种花卉，分别编号、贴上标签。同时，我们取食用白醋配制成1％（pH值为2~3）、0．01％（pH值≈4）、0．0001％(pH值≈6)三种浓度不同的溶液，每天分别给三组盆花固定喷洒一种醋液，第四组盆花洒不含醋的清水。每五天观察记录花卉的生长情况。这项实验的结果是：喷洒低浓度醋液(pH值≈6)对这几种花卉没有明显影响；喷洒中等浓度醋液（pH值≈4）的花卉明显长得比其他几组好，花苞多，开花期提前，而且花色较浓艳，花期也延长了；喷洒pH值2－3的高浓度醋液后，反而使花朵过早凋萎。通过这次实验，我们可以告诉你：种花时适当喷洒一些醋液，可使花卉长得更好。不过要掌握好醋液的浓度，醋酸过浓则会伤害花卉。
初中物理在整个初中教学有着重要的作用，它不仅可以培养学生的 理性思维 ，还可以提高学生的抽象 逻辑思维 能力。下文是我为大家整理的关于初中1000字物理论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考! 初中1000字物理论文篇1 摘要：物理是一门历史悠久的自然学科。随着科技的发展，社会的进步，物理已渗入到人类生活的各个领域;物理学存在于物理学家的身边;物理学也存在于同学们身边;在学习中，同学们要树立科学意识，大处着眼，小处着手，经历观察、思考、实践、创新等活动，逐步掌握科学的 学习 方法 ，训练科学的 思维方式 ，不久你就会拥有科学家的头脑，为自己今后惊叹不已的发展，为今后美好的生活打下扎实的基础。 科学思维方式物理是一门历史悠久的自然学科，物理科学作为自然科学的重要分支，不仅对物质文明的进步和人类对自然界认识的深化起了重要的推动作用，而且对人类的思维发展也产生了不可或缺的影响。从亚里士多德时代的自然哲学，到牛顿时代的经典力学，直至现代物理中的相对论和量子力学等，都是物理学家科学素质、科学精神以及科学思维的有形体现。随着科技的发展，社会的进步，物理已渗入到人类生活的各个领域。例如，光是找找汽车中的光学知识就有以下几点： 1.汽车驾驶室外面的观后镜是一个凸镜 利用凸镜对光线的发散作用和成正立、缩小、虚像的特点，使看到的实物小，观察范围更大，而保证行车安全。 2.汽车头灯里的反射镜是一个凹镜 它是利用凹镜能把放在其焦点上的光源发出的光反射成为平行光射出的性质做成的。 3.汽车头灯总要装有横竖条纹的玻璃灯罩 汽车头灯由灯泡、反射镜和灯前玻璃罩组成。根据透镜和棱镜的知识，汽车头灯玻璃罩相当于一个透镜和棱镜的组合体。在夜晚行车时，司机不仅要看清前方路面的情况，还要还要看清路边持人、路标、岔路口等。透镜和棱镜对光线有折射作用，所以灯罩通过折射，根据实际需要将光分散到需要的方向上，使光均匀柔和地照亮汽车前进的道路和路边的景物，同时这种散光灯罩还能使一部分光微向上折射，以便照明路标和里程碑，从而确保行车安全。 4.轿车上装有茶色玻璃后，行人很难看清车中人的面孔 茶色玻璃能反射一部分光，还会吸收一部分光，这样透进车内的光线较弱。要看清乘客的面孔，必须要从面孔反射足够强的光透射到玻璃外面。由于车内光线较弱，没有足够的光透射出来，所以很难看清乘客的面孔。 5.除大型客车外，绝大多数汽车的前窗都是倾斜的 当汽车的前窗玻璃倾斜时，车内乘客经玻璃反射成的像在国的前上方，而路上的行人是不可能出现在上方的空中的，这样就将车内乘客的像与路上行人分离开来，司机就不会出现错觉。大型客车较大，前窗离地面要比小汽车高得多，即使前窗竖直装，像是与窗同高的，而路上的行人不可能出现在这个高度，所以司机也不会将乘客在窗外的像与路上的行人相混淆。 再如下面一个例子： 五香茶鸡蛋是人们爱吃的，尤其是趁热吃味道更美。细心的人会发现，鸡蛋刚从滚开的卤汁里取出来的时候，如果你急于剥壳吃蛋，就难免连壳带“肉”一起剥下来。要解决这个问题，有一个诀窍，就是把刚出锅的鸡蛋先放在凉水中浸一会，然后再剥，蛋壳就容易剥下来。 一般的物质(少数几种例外)，都具有热胀冷缩的特性。可是，不同的物质受热或冷却的时候，伸缩的速度和幅度各不相同。一般说来，密度小的物质，要比密度大的物质容易发生伸缩，伸缩的幅度也大，传热快的物质，要比传热慢的物质容易伸缩。鸡蛋是硬的蛋壳和软的蛋白、蛋黄组成的，它们的伸缩情况是不一样的。在温度变化不大，或变化比较缓慢均匀的情况下，还显不出什么;一旦温度剧烈变化，蛋壳和蛋白的伸缩步调就不一致了。把煮得滚烫的鸡蛋立即浸入冷水里，蛋壳温度降低，很快收缩，而蛋白仍然是原来的温度，还没有收缩，这时就有一小部分蛋白被蛋壳压挤到蛋的空头处。随后蛋白又因为温度降低而逐渐收缩，而这时蛋壳的收缩已经很缓慢了，这样就使蛋白与蛋壳脱离开来，因此，剥起来就不会连壳带“肉”一起下来了。 明白了这个道理，对我们很有用处。凡需要经受较大温度变化的东西，如果它们是用两种不同材料合在一起做的，那么在选择材料的时候，就必须考虑它们的热膨胀性质，两者越接近越好。工程师在设计房屋和桥梁时，都广泛采用钢筋混凝土，就是因为钢材和混凝土的膨胀程度几乎完全一样，尽管春夏秋冬的温度不同，也不会产生有害的作用力，所以钢筋混凝土的建筑十分坚固。 另外，有些电器元件却是用两种热膨胀性质差别很大的金属制成的。例如，铜片的热膨胀比铁片大，把铜片和铁片钉在一起的双金属片，在同样情况下受热，就会因膨胀程度不同而发生弯曲。利用这一性质制成了许多自动控制装置和仪表。日光灯的“启动器”里就有小巧的双金属片，它随着温度的变化，能够自动屈伸，起到自动开启日光灯的作用。 这样的例子举不胜举，物理是一门实用性很强的科学，与工农业生产、日常生活有着极为密切的联系。物理规律本身就是对自然现象的 总结 和抽象。 谈到物理学，有些同学觉得很难;谈到物理探究，有同学觉得深不可测;谈到物理学家，有同学更是感到他们都不是凡人。诚然，成为物理学家的人的确屈指可数，但只要勤于观察，善于思考，勇于实践，敢于创新，从生活走向物理，你就会发现：其实，物理就在身边。正如马克思说的：“科学就是实验的科学，科学就在于用理性的方法去整理感性材料”。物理不但是我们的一门学科，更重要的，它还是一门科学。 物理学存在于物理学家的身边。勤于观察的意大利物理学家伽利略，在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，悬挂在教堂半空中的铜吊灯的摆动引起了他极大的兴趣，后来反复观察，反复研究，发明了摆的等时性;勇于实践的美国物理学家富兰克林，为认清“天神发怒”的本质，在一个电闪雷鸣、风雨交加的日子，冒着生命危险，利用司空见惯的风筝将“上帝之火”请下凡，由此发明了避雷针;敢于创新的英国科学家亨利 阿察尔去邮局办事。当时身旁有位外地人拿出一大版新邮票，准备裁下一枚贴在信封上，苦于没有小刀。找阿察尔借，阿察尔也没有。这位外地人灵机一动，取下西服领带上的别针，在邮票的四周整整齐齐地刺了一圈小孔，然后，很利落地撕下邮票。外地人走了，却给阿察尔留下了一串深深的思考，并由此发明了邮票打孔机，有齿纹的邮票也随之诞生了;古希腊阿基米德发现阿基米德原理;德国物理学家伦琴发现X射线;……研究身边的琐事并有大成就的物理学家的事例不胜枚举。 物理学也存在于同学们身边。学了测量的初步知识，同学们纷纷做起了软尺。有位同学别出心裁，用透明胶把制好的牛皮纸软尺包扎好，这样更牢固。然后，用大大卷泡泡糖的包装盒作为软尺的外壳，在盒的中心利用铁丝做一摇柄中心轴，软尺的末端固定在轴上，这样一个可以收拾并反复使用的卷尺诞生了。同时，这位同学受软尺自作的启示，用实验解决了一道习题：用软尺测量物体长度时，若把软尺拉长些，测量值是偏大还是偏小?他做了这样一个模拟实验：在白纸上画一条直线，标上刻度，然后用透明胶粘贴，再扯下来，便做成了 “软尺”，用“软尺”不仅找到了上题的答案，而且还清楚地看到分度值变大了，知其然，并知其所以然;学了电学的有关知识后，同学们对蚯蚓能承受的最大电压进行了探究：当给它加上1.5V的电压时，蚯蚓迅速分泌粘液，且奋力挣扎，从瓶内跳出瓶外。当给它加上3V的电压时，蚯蚓被电为两截;有同学在测量 “2.4V、0.5A”的小灯泡的功率，并研究其发光情况时，不满足于给灯泡加上2.4V的电压，而是用自己早已准备好的小灯泡做破坏性实验，不断加大灯泡两端的电压，直至电压高达9V、灯泡灯丝烧断，才停止探究;有同学在学习蒸发的知识时，不厌其烦地座在桌旁观察相同的两滴水(其中一滴水滩开)，进行聚精会神地观察，然后进行分析、对比，得出影响蒸发的因素;……同学们捕捉身边的琐事进行探究的事例屡见不鲜。 身边的事物是取之不尽的，对与现实生活联系很紧密的物理学科来说，更是时时会用到的，用身边的事例去解释和总结物理规律，学生听起来熟悉，接受起来也就容易了。只要时时留意，经常总结，就会不断发现有利于物理教学的事物，丰富我们的课堂，活跃教学气氛，简化概念和规律。新课标告诉我们“义务 教育 阶段的物理课程应贴近学生生活，符合学生认知特点，激发并保持学生的学习兴趣，通过探索物理现象，揭示隐藏其中的物理规律，并将其应用于生产生活实际，培养学生终身的探索乐趣、良好的思维习惯和初步的科学实践能力。” 今天，人类所有的令人惊叹不已的科学技术成就，如克隆羊、因特网、核电站、航空技术等，无不是建立在早年的科学家们对身边琐事进行观察并研究的基础上的。在学习中，同学们要树立科学意识，大处着眼，小处着手，经历观察、思考、实践、创新等活动，逐步掌握科学的学习方法，训练科学的思维方式，不久你就会拥有科学家的头脑，为自己今后惊叹不已的发展，为今后美好的生活打下扎实的基础。 初中1000字物理论文篇2 浮力的应用 孔明灯 “孔明灯”，是以蜀汉刘备军中，足智多谋的军师诸葛亮(孔明)命名的，算起来已有一千七百多年的历史了。当年，诸葛孔明被司马懿围困於平阳，无法派兵出城求救。孔明算准风向，制成会飘浮的纸灯笼，系上求救的讯息，其后果然脱险，於是后世就称这种灯笼为孔明灯。另一种说法则是这种灯笼的外形像诸葛孔明戴的帽子，因而得名。 最早的孔明灯的作法是：用很细的竹篾做成灯笼架，四周和顶上都用薄纸糊严，只在底部留个圆口。在灯笼下面挂上松脂，点燃松脂后，灯笼就会升上空中。由于灯笼里有火光，古代战争中，曾经把它作为夜间军事行动的信号，如同现代所用的信号弹一样。 清朝年间,汉民族不满清政府的统治,纷纷起来开展“反清复明”斗争。为成义举，把放“孔明灯”作为统一行动的指挥信号。 过去，汉人们把“孔明灯”作通信联络使用，而后来人们把放“孔明灯”作为一种民间娱乐，现代人放孔明灯多作为祈福之用。男女老少亲手写下祝福的心愿，象徵丰收成功，幸福年年。 孔明灯的结构可分为主体与支架2部份，主体大都以竹篦编成，次用棉纸或纸糊成灯罩，底部的支架则以竹削成的篦组成。孔明灯可大可小，可圆形也可长方形。一般的孔明灯是用竹片架成圆桶形，外面以薄白纸密密包围而开口朝下。欲点灯升空时，在底部的支架中间绑上一块沾有煤油或花生油的粗布或金纸，放飞前将油点燃，灯内的火燃烧一阵后产生热空气，孔明灯便膨胀，放手后，整个灯会冉冉飞升空，如果天气不错，底部的煤油烧完后孔明灯会自动下降。 孔明灯的原理与热气球的原理相同，皆是利用热空气之浮力使球体升空。然而为何热空气会飘浮呢?我们可用阿基米德原理来解释它:当物体与空气同体积，而重量(密度)比空气小时就可飞起，此与水之浮力的道理是相同的。将球内之空气加热，球内之一部份空气会因空气受热膨胀而从球体流出，使内部空气密度比外部空气小，因此充满热空气之球体就会飞起来。 生活中有很多的物理现象，许多简单的现象可以用所学知识去解答。 现象一：飞快的火车有一个安全距离，当我们在公路上步行时，不宜靠中太近，除了害怕离线的车会撞到之外。还有一个意料之外的原因，对此本文将作出解答。 现象二：取两片很薄的纸，将他们贴近，用力的吹，我们并不能将纸吹开，反而出现被“吹拢”的情况。 现象三：，对于相同流量的水而言，口径大的水龙头，水的流速很慢，但是对于口径小的水龙头，可以明显的看到流速加快了。这是什么原因呢? 总结来看，空气和水都是流体，在两者之间有着一定的共同点，都遵循流体的基本性质，在流体的学习中有两个很重要的方程叫：伯努利方程和连续性方程。用它们就可以很简单的解释上面三个现象。首先，伯努里方程的基本表达式为：P+1/2pv+pgh=恒量。P指流体周围的压强大小，p指流体本身的密度，v指流体的速度。在上述但现象中，可把水和空气近似的看作理想流体，且它们作常流动。在以上前两种情况中，都可以将pgh看作是不变的，所以我们很容易的就得到P+1/2pv=恒量。容易得出压强和速度成反相关。下面将对三个现象作出具体的解释。 解释现象一：其中提到一个意外的原因就是很有可能身边的空气将我们“推”向汽车而发生意外。为什么这么说?当车飞快的从我们身边开过的时候，对周围的空气造成了影响：使它们的速度加快，在这样的情况下，根据上面的推倒易知：速度过快造成周围空气的压强减小，在汽车周围形成一个压强差，在车周围的事物就容易被“压”到车下。这是相当危险的，所以步行要尽量的靠边走。 解释现象二：当两片薄纸靠近，我们将它们看成和外面的空气分开，当我们吹气时，使得两纸间少量的空气流速加大，压强减小，外围的空气使得纸片贴在一起。 解释现象三：同流量即体积相同，所以易知SV=S V。这就是理想流体的连续性方程。它表示理想流体作定常流动时，流体的速率与流管截面积的乘积是一个恒量。由此可知，当我们将口径边小时，必然导致流速加快。根据个原理在科技上也有很大的运用，比如切割水枪，对于一样的出水量，这种水枪的口径很微小，使得出水的速度极快，所含动能极大， 在生产上有很大的运用。 最后，要介绍一个很实用的方法：取水。在家中，看到大人用一根管子插到水里，用嘴在管口吸气，水就会自己流出来，我也试过，但没有成功，现在我目标了原因：必须保证吸气的一端低于出水的一端，为什么呢?这是利用了大气压的原理。当吸气后管子里成为真空，水就被外界大气压压倒了出水端。 物理在我们的生活中有很大的作用，我们可以借着生活来学习物理，再利用物理来服务生活。 初中1000字物理论文篇3 试谈初中物理课堂提问的技巧与方法 初中物理是一门理论与实践相结合的学科，在物理教学中，仅靠教学目标与教学方案不能从根本上提高课堂教学质量。提问是提高教学效率的一个重要因素，而提问的有效性正是初中物理教师需要思考与下功夫的地方。 一、初中物理课堂提问应当新颖、有趣 对于初中阶段的学生而言，他们的自控能力非常的差，而且“玩”心非常的重，因此物理老师可有效利用学生的这种心态，将有趣的内容与物理教学结合在一起，从而使学生们能够在玩中学。老师在课堂提问内容设计过程中，应当充分考虑所提出的问题趣味性，以此来有效调动学生们的好奇心，从而激发他们的求知欲，营造一个从生疑到解疑的问题情节，从而使他们能够在愉快、富有挑战和激情的课堂环境中学习，亲身体会成功的喜悦和满足感。 二、课堂上所提出的问题具有层次性、梯度性 对于初中生而言，由于他们所储备的知识、思维认识能力等都存在着较大的差异性，因此老师在课堂教学过程中所提出的问题应对具有层次性，由简入繁，引导学生思考问题。具体而言，物理老师在设计课堂提问问题过程中，一定要根据实际情况，区分问题的难易度，并且根据问题针对性地提问不同层次的学生，尽可能地照顾到每一个层次的学生。 三、提问设计要突出重、难点 在初中物理教学中，许多教师把教学的重点放在了教学方案的设计与教学目标的制定上，而忽略了课堂提问的重要性。在物理教学中，好的提问设计会帮助教师取得意想不到的教学效果。在提问的过程中教师可以把教学的重难点融入其中，让学生在无形中学习与掌握教学内容。在制定教学目标时，要注重问题的设计，着重突出教学重、难点，提高物理课堂教学效率。 四、深入钻研教材，问题设计要从教材实际出发 教材是教学的主要资源，提问一个问题之前，教师一定要明确:为什么要问这个问题，估计学生的答案会出现那些情况，每种情况的问题在哪里。否则乱问一通，看起来好像课堂气氛很活跃，但对于培养学生分析问题，解决问题能力没什么作用，还有可能问的学生晕头转向，给教学设下障碍。因此，教师必须注意对教材的研究，理解教材的基本结构，掌握教材的重点、难点和关键，做得透彻掌握，融会贯通，这样所提问题才会有目的性。教师所提问题的切入点应选在知识的重点、难点和关键处，以及新旧知识的衔接处、过渡处和容易产生疑难的地方。提问中应避免所提问题的随意性、盲目性和主观性，尽可能不使用“对不对”“是不是”进行提问。 五、提问要有目的性 一节物理课堂中的提问，不但要针对教学的重点、难点，而且还要针对具体的教学内容，具有明确的目的性。如在学生学习热学的时候，很容易把“温度”和“热量”这两个概念混淆。这时教师可以提出这样的问题:“为什么温度不能传递而热量可以传递?”学生通过回答这个问题，搞清了温度和热量的区别，热量则是内能的多少，是能量，它只有大小没有方向，而温度是物体内部分子热运动的剧烈程度。“标志”当然是不能传递的，而“热量”则可以传递。显然，教师提问的目的很明确，目的不在于问题答案的本身，在于通过这一问题，引发学生准确地区分物理概念的内涵。 六、提问要有启发性 教师的提问应建立在激发学生思考、开发学生思维、拓展学生 想象力 的基础之上，必须具有启发性，决不能是填空式问答或判断式发问，坚决废除“灌输式”的教学方式。教师要善于把握学生的已有知识和教学内容本身的联系和矛盾，恰当地采用探究式 教学方法 ，适时提出适合学生知识水平且具有开发性的问题。教师的“教”是为了“不教”，教师必须教会学生自主学习。 七、联系现实生活实际，提高学生解决问题的意识和能力 在初中物理教学过程中，所设计的提问问题应当与学生的现实生活密切相关，最好能够保持与时俱进，即与当前最新的事物或者事件结合在一起，只有这样才能有效激发学生们的参与积极性，提高他们的学习热情。比如，近年来国内航空航天事业发展非常得快，初中物理教学过程中，很多的问题可围绕着这一主题全面展开，从而使初中物理课堂教学过程中所提出的问题选材与我们的生活更加地贴近，设计的问题也很容易激发学生的兴趣、调动他们的学习积极性，以此来培养学生学习物理的兴趣和热情。 总之，物理教师在教学过程中如果能根据学生的实际情况，采用相对应的方法达到有效提问的目的，才能充分发挥有效提问的教学功效，促进学生物理思维的发展与创新能力的培养，从而有效地提高课堂教学效率。 参考文献: [1]唐飞.浅谈初中物理作业的有效设计[J].读与写，2016，(05). [2]黄光军.初中物理教学生活化探究[J].中国校外教育，2016，(14). 猜你喜欢： 1. 初中物理论文题目 2. 关于初中物理论文范文 3. 初中物理论文范文 4. 初中物理学习心得分享 5. 初中物理新课标学习心得
作者：孙允强——生物论文 原创论文，祝你愉快！内容摘要：生物圈是我们赖以生存的环境，我们应当去爱护它、珍惜它、保护它，然而却有一部分人为了一时的经济利益，不惜去破坏它，致使整个生物圈受到严重的破坏… ，人类，是该考虑考虑这些问题了...论文题目：人类，是该考虑考虑这些问题了...在宇宙的深处，有一个美丽的星球，他就是我们千千万万生命赖以生存与栖息的地球。这里森林茂密，绿草丛生；这里鸟语花香，春意盎然；这里生气勃勃，百花争艳；这里欣欣向荣，呈现浓浓绿韵。各种各样的生物安详而又快乐的生活着。每天的每天，小鸟在枝头低吟浅唱；鱼儿在水中竞相嬉戏；花儿在天空下会心微笑…各种各样的生物与环境共同合奏起生活的交响乐，美妙的音符充实着美丽的地球家园。然而，进化最高等的人类，作为地球的主宰者，却时不时地演奏出不和谐的音符，或许在不久的将来，以上我所描述的那幅美妙的蓝图，都将成为人类心中的一个梦，永远留藏在人们的心里…人类是自私的，为了满足一时的经济利益，大量乱砍滥伐，使得整个森林生态系统呈现衰退的趋势，我国的森林覆盖率从最初的5%一度降至16.55%，而世界森林平均覆盖率为27%，将近是我国的两倍！这个数字是惊人的。我国的有关专家曾经做过一项测算，测算的结果表明：如果我国的森林覆盖率按照现在的速度减少，那么在三百年内，我国的森林覆盖率将低于11%!难道我们不应为此感到震惊吗？不仅仅是我国，现在世界各国的森林覆盖率也呈现出明显下降的趋势，据有关专家预测：如果人类不采取行动来保护森林，那么八百年后，世界森林平均覆盖率将低于10%！到那时，世界上的沙尘天气将频繁出现，台风、海啸等自然灾害将严重威胁到人类的生存，不止这些，如果森林面积大幅度减少，那么生物圈的碳—氧平衡将受到严重破坏！人类呼吸道疾病的发病率将显著上升。这还不足以引起我们的重视吗？人类是贪婪的。我们所在的整个生物圈是一个庞大的系统，动植物种类极其丰富。据科学家的不完全统计，世界上的生物种类大约在500万——1亿中之间，这是多么庞大的一个数字啊！这么多的生物共同造就了欣欣向荣、生气勃勃的生物圈。而人类却不懂得珍惜这可爱美妙的生物圈。达尔文的进化论认为：物竞天择，适者生存。不适者将会被大自然淘汰。生物在生存过程中存在着生存竞争，有的物种之所以在地球上消失，主要是人为因素造成的，由于人类的乱砍滥伐、掠夺式的开发和利用生物生存的环境，从而致使环境恶化，物种逐渐减少甚至灭绝…，人类为了所谓的“致富”而大量捕杀野生动物，致使一些野生动物的数量急剧下降，甚至濒临灭绝！例如白鳍豚，现在世界仅剩约200——300只了；还有朱鹮，当时被发现时仅剩7只，而现在也不过200多只；还有藏羚羊，在青海省的分布密度从最初的3—5只/平方千米降至0.2只/平方千米…，这样的例子还有很多很多…不计其数的野生动物被作为“毛可穿、毛可用、肉可食、器官可入药”的开发利用对象而遭到灭顶之灾…这不值得我们去深思吗？人类是无知的。随着经济的发展，人民都富裕起来，私家车在人们面前已不足为奇，马路上随时可以看到来来往往的汽车，而这些汽车产生了大量的尾气，这些尾气中含有大量的二氧化硫等有毒物质，而这些有毒物质扩散到空气中，会严重污染空气的清新，所以致使近几年来空气污染特别严重，人类几乎已经受不了城市的“乌烟瘴气”了…；不仅仅是城市，乡村也存在着严重的环境问题：人类大量使用农药，从而给农作物与人类带来了极大的危害…人类的一系列活动带来了酸雨等大量自然灾害，使得整个生态系统都受到了严重的影响…人类对于环境的不合理利用，不仅影响着生物的生存，而且已经达到威胁人类自身生存与发展的地步…生物圈，是我们赖以生存的环境。“生物圈II号”计划的失败告诉我们：迄今为止，生物圈只有一个，所以我们应该去爱护它、珍惜它、改善它。我认为人类应切实履行以下几点：1. 植树造林2. 节能减排3. 珍惜水资源4. 停止对于濒危生物的捕杀5. 禁止过度开垦耕地6. 对工业废水进行科学处理后，才可排放7. 减少工业废气、汽车尾气等污染物的排放8. 保护生物的多样性9. 控制人口数量，抑制人口迅猛增长的势头…在文章的最后，我还是那句话：生物圈，是我们赖以生存的环境。我们应该去爱护它、珍惜它、并改善它，这是我们共同的责任也是我们共同的义务，或许，我们现在并没有感觉到问题的严重，但在不久的将来，或许我们会来重新认真的考虑这些问题…
在化学教学中，由于微观粒子及其结合、运动和排列的不可感知性，多数学生对物质微观结构的相关知识都感到比较抽象、难于理解。比如在“核外电子运动状态”一节中有关“电子云”问题，虽然我们可以通过课本上的照片来解释，也可以用相关模型进行直观教学，但实际效果并不理想。前者由于缺乏动感而使学生误以为电子的运动有一定的规律，后者则会让学生认为原子是一些实心的几何体。为了能让核外电子动起来，我们制作了《核外电子的绕核运动》的小课件。首先简介“视觉暂留”现象及其在电影及动画制作中的运用；然后制作一些宏观物体的运动及模拟电子绕核运动的各种gif动画，从而让学生能真切地感受物质各种不同速率下的视觉印象，认识并理解电子运动的特点及其描述的方法。 此外，用3Dmax等制作的多视角动画或三维立体图像还可以广泛地展示各种晶体的结构、分子模型等。这些立体结构课件的使用，可有效地帮助学生形成对化学物质的空间想象能力，学会从量的角度来分析物质的微观组成。 实验是化学教学的基础。调查表明，课堂教学中教师四十五分钟理论说教的效率远不及一个五分钟实验展示。但是课堂的实验教学也存在着许多的问题，如部分实验的现象不明显、效果不显著；还有一些实验的可重复性差、耗时长，课堂上难以做到随时调用；另外还有一些实验的污染大，无法在教室中完成等。实验课件的广泛应用则可以有效地帮助教师克服教学中的诸多问题，提高实验的效率。例如在“压强对化学平衡的影响”的教学中，改变压强对二氧化氮与四氧化二氮之间的转化影响并不显著，运用课本实验，学生通常能注意到加压混合气体的颜色加深，而往往不能发现其后的颜色略变浅。因为根据人的视觉特点由浅变深的现象易于识别，而由深到浅的现象则不易感知。 为此，我们采用3Dmax制作了课本实验的原形模拟和简化模拟动画课件，有意识地突出气体颜色的变化，增强实验中的现象层次差别，同时在课件中压强对浓度、气体分子数影响的两个gif动画的使用，加深了学生对压强变化过程中气体颜色变化与组分浓度变化的认识，从而为勒沙特列原理的认识奠定了基础。 多媒体教学课件在课堂教学中的应用，为化学教学开辟了一个广阔的新天地