开题报告的格式(通用)由于开题报告是用文字体现的论文总构想，因而篇幅不必过大，但要把计划研究的课题、如何研究、理论适用等主要问题说清楚，应包含两个部分：总述、提纲。 1 总述开题报告的总述部分应首先提出选题，并简明扼要地说明该选题的目的、目前相关课题研究情况、理论适用、研究方法、必要的数据等等。2 提纲开题报告包含的论文提纲可以是粗线条的，是一个研究构想的基本框架。可采用整句式或整段式提纲形式。在开题阶段，提纲的目的是让人清楚论文的基本框架，没有必要像论文目录那样详细。3 参考文献开题报告中应包括相关参考文献的目录4 要求开题报告应有封面页，总页数应不少于4页。版面格式应符合以下规定。开 题 报 告 学 生： 一、 选题意义 1、 理论意义 2、 现实意义 二、 论文综述 1、 理论的渊源及演进过程 2、 国外有关研究的综述 3、 国内研究的综述 4、 本人对以上综述的评价 三、 论文提纲 前言、 一、1、2、3、�6�1�6�1�6�1 �6�1�6�1�6�1二、1、2、3、�6�1�6�1�6�1 �6�1�6�1�6�1三、1、2、3、结论 四、论文写作进度安排 毕业论文开题报告提纲一、开题报告封面：论文题目、系别、专业、年级、姓名、导师二、目的意义和国内外研究概况三、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容四、研究条件和可能存在的问题五、预期的结果六、进度安排
1.解读英语长句的翻译密码2.基于关联理论的对英汉、汉英翻译的本质探讨3.浅析大学英语中翻译能力的提高策略4.外贸买卖合同中从句的翻译
提供一些翻译方向的论文题目，供参考。商务合同英汉互译技巧英文品牌汉译知识对于翻译的重要性中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏跨文化交际与商标翻译中式菜肴的命名与翻译浅谈英语电影片名的翻译英文电影片名的翻译策略英文化妆品广告之美学翻译数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究论语境在英汉翻译中的作用浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则中英服饰广告的翻译论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性论译者的风格与译风经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
电影字幕翻译漫谈 随着宽带在中国的普及，mpeg4技术的广泛应用，很多由DVD压缩的DVDRIP影片以惊人的速度在互联网间传播。事实上，在中国，大部分人都不具备直接欣赏外语影片的能力，而很多DVDRIP影片却恰恰是原声发音、外语字幕。电影字幕的翻译作为DVDRIP影片的一个关键部分，正逐渐得到人们的关注。这其中包括正版或盗版DVD碟片上rip下来的vobsub字幕，以及由网友自发翻译的srt格式字幕。 中文字幕翻译的特点 中文字幕和中文配音在翻译要求上是不一样的。比如我们所熟知的上译厂，配音要求讲究口型一致，句子符合中国的口语规范，其优势是方便观众看电影，直接就能听懂，而不用费力看字幕。其缺点也显而易见：由于口型上的要求，不得不对句子进行缩减或扩充；由于外国历史文化的差异，很多双关、幽默的意思难以表达，不得不舍弃这些句子的翻译。 以《魔羯星一号》中英双语版为例，可以明显看出中文配音和中文字幕的差异。其中有一段剧情是母亲给孩子说英语绕口令，如果配音直接翻译的话，很难做到押韵，于是改为讲故事。另一段剧情是一个宇航员边爬山边讲笑话，这个笑话是有寓意的，直接翻译成配音的话，很多观众会感觉莫名其妙，于是配音版改为宇航员边爬山边呼救。该片配音版中很多幽默的成分都改掉了，这样就损失了很多欣赏电影的乐趣。 电影字幕就较好处理这些问题。首先，没有口型限制，字幕可以按原文直接翻译，而幽默和一语双关的意思可以使用注释来解决。当然，最好的方法还是学好外语，直接观看外语字幕的影片。而在个人条件不允许的情况下，字幕翻译还是最大限度表达英文意思的最佳方法。 没有硝烟的战场 经常看DVDRIP影片的网友都知道，公开的中文字幕库有几大网站。射手网稳坐字幕网站的头把交椅，其特点是：允许自由上传，字幕多而杂。正因为字幕多，同一影片有好几个版本的字幕，造成网友下载时无所适从，网站设有的评分系统基本上形同虚设，因为大部分网友为下载字幕而来，而等到看完影片，早就把给字幕打分的事忘到九霄云外了。射手网设有TLF、汉风、新视界、牛过四大字幕网站的友情搜索链接，射手网上没有的字幕，可以在这些字幕网站上继续搜索。这四大字幕网站均是以论坛为依托的，各自有较强翻译能力字幕小组。除以上提到的四个论坛，更有伊甸园、行星等影视论坛的字幕组，虽没有独立的字幕网站，但也具备很强的字幕翻译能力，实力不容小视。 同行是冤家，这话一点不假，在字幕界尤为显著。字幕界有一条不成文的规定，就是：每个字幕组成员不允许加入其他字幕组，或者以其他字幕组的名义发布自己的翻译作品。曾有个别成员以身试法，均被开除组籍。每个字幕组在各自论坛都有专门的活动版块，这些版块是仅有小组成员才能进入的，这已经是半公开的秘密。每逢热门大片上市，这些秘密基地里顿觉杀气腾腾。各字幕组紧锣密鼓，召开工作会议，分配任务，争取在第一时间发布字幕。领到任务的小组成员常常会为此通宵达旦，连续工作十多个小时。而几天后，各论坛出品字幕质量的比较，又成为各字幕小组讨论的热点。更有好事之人，通过随机挑选句子进行比较的方式，评价各论坛出品字幕的优劣。所以，热门大片的翻译无异于一场激烈的战斗，而连年战争的结果，使得几大字幕小组和所在的论坛人气飙升，翻译人员欢欣鼓舞，最终形成N赢的局面。 几块善意的砖头 不客气地说，现在中文字幕的翻译状况相当混乱，由于没有一个类似rip字幕的统一标准加以规范，加上不少翻译人员带着急功近利的心理，把翻译字幕当作得到积分的手段来应付差使，造成字幕质量参差不齐。单兵作战，除了个别翻译质量很高外，非字幕组的散兵游勇普遍缺乏翻译经验，字幕存在不少问题。而有些字幕组只求数量，根本不论质量，只要翻完就皆大欢喜，而没有一个较完备的质量监管机制来进行约束。不用仔细核对，仅一遍影片看下来，平均每部影片的明显错误（比如错别字、格式错）都在10个以上。近期汉风HTS的字幕出得不多，仅从看到的几个来说（其中有些还是很早以前翻译的字幕），错误还能控制在一定范围内。概括起来，个人认为，字幕界存在以下四大弊病（发现标题起得居然很押韵，嘿嘿）： 1、一人包揽翻译校对 初期的牛过论坛字幕组（即汉风HTS字幕组的前身）曾一度辉煌，并定下专门的翻译、校对制度，在字幕头尾标明翻译、校对人员，并规定翻译、校对不能是同一个人。其他论坛的字幕组也纷纷采用这种形式，但遗憾的是，只学到了形式，却没有实质，大部分字幕组出品的字幕，翻译、校对都是一个人。 我如果说，一人既翻译又校对，一定比翻译、校对分别由两人作的字幕质量差，这话肯定是不负责任的。有些个人独立翻译校对的字幕甚至比两人翻译校对的字幕质量上高很多。但大家想一想，有多少人翻译完字幕后会真的自己进行校对？校对自己的字幕，又能找到多少错误？以我以往翻译的经验来说，仅翻译过程就反反复复看了N遍的电影，已经是心力交瘁，翻译完成后很难会有心情再看一遍寻找错误。而且自己翻译中的错误，自己也很难找得到。这就是为什么要提倡字幕组成员互相校对。 就是我提到的翻译、校对机制，本身也是形式，如果此文一出，很多论坛的字幕组纷纷改为多人校对，而质量上没有提高，那岂不还是形式主义？真要想保住字幕质量，非要有较具体的标准不可，把每个字幕组出品的字幕错误限制在几个以内，超过了会有一个惩罚措施。 2、人力资源严重浪费 由于各论坛自行其事，没有一个统一的安排规划，造成原本不充裕的翻译人员，都集中在热门商业片的翻译上。《指环王》系列、《黑客帝国》系列都有4个以上的字幕组同时在作，很多已经有中文字幕的影片，新出了另一个RIP版本，翻译人员未经查找，又重新翻译。有些字幕组曾结成过翻译联盟，统一组织安排工作，避免重复翻译，但因任务分配、翻译能力等方面的原因，最终只得恢复各自为政的状态。 我有一个梦想，所有的中文字幕组织联合起来，建立专门的字幕翻译分配网站，对热门大片采取各字幕组轮流翻译的方法，其他影片的翻译，由个人自行申请。另外再制定统一的字幕翻译校对规则，对字幕翻译细节进行规定，确保字幕质量。当然，这只是我的梦想，真正实施起来，涉及到网站管理、任务分配、联系沟通，尤其是涉及到各字幕组自身利益，难度相当大。想要逐步实现的话，各字幕组负责人之间的交流和沟通是首要任务。 3、长片老片翻译嫌累 现在的字幕翻译普遍采取个人申请制，大家根据兴趣爱好，自行选择影片翻译。在没有特别感兴趣的情况下，通常浪漫爱情片、动作枪战片等因句子少，情节吸引人，翻译难度小而很受欢迎。而1500句以上的长片和黑白老片、记录片、文艺片因对话多，情节枯燥，翻译难度大而少人问津。当然，这些情况并非绝对，我记得我就曾经投机翻过一个200多句的老片。总的说来，这其实是个人兴趣与字幕需求的矛盾。字幕组的成立就建立在兴趣爱好的基础上，只要愿意，重复翻译又有何不可？强扭的瓜不甜，硬要别人翻译不喜欢的影片有违“兴趣爱好”这一理念。在不考虑兴趣的前提下，可以通过论坛奖励制度的适当倾斜来对翻译冷门片的网友进行额外奖励，以解决长片、老片无人翻译的问题。 4、新丁不来老人隐退 人的兴趣爱好是会发生变化的，字幕组成立到一定时间，很多老成员在经过十几部影片的翻译校对后，会逐渐丧失当初的翻译热情，参与翻译的人逐渐减少，不少处于半隐退状态。现在汉风论坛的积分制＋流量制，解决了部分翻译懈怠问题，但终究不是长久之策。我心目中比较好的字幕组模式，应该是类似于“青年志愿者”到边疆教书，几年后，老成员陆续退出，而新成员不断加入，当然，有愿意长期服务的，更是欢迎。在字幕翻译上，对人才的需求从来都是只多不少。可惜的是宣传力度仍然不够，仅在论坛内部招收新成员，难以维持新鲜血液的不断输入。希望能对外在各高校BBS和专业英语论坛广泛招收此类成员，毕竟，这种耗人精力的工作不是每个人都能长期坚持的。本文专为招收汉风字幕组新成员而作，请在转载的同时，请勿删除末尾的广告文章。 一、制作字幕需要的各项要求 认真－－我把这一点放在首要位置，英语水平差、中文表达能力不行，这都是可以原谅的，唯独粗心大意犯的低级错误不可谅解。有人提议说要提高进字幕组的门槛，谬矣，现在人手是大大的不够，不能再提高了。大部分的字幕质量低下并非是英语差造成的，而是没有一个认真的态度。私以为，一个字幕的优劣，认真态度占40％，翻译经验占20％，英语程度占19％，中文表达占21％。其中翻译经验包含了中英文表达以及工具软件和网络搜索在翻译中的应用，这些经验方面的知识，新手刚开始翻译不会注意，时间一长，慢慢就有体会了。 英语－－通常各大论坛字幕组对外招人，要求英语程度为六级，这的确吓倒了很多准备尝试字幕翻译的新人。我在这里要更正一下说法，希望能为这些被高门槛吓跑的网友鼓鼓劲。一般来说，电影中的句子比大学英语课本要简单好多。我认为只要是上过大学的学生，不管过没过四、六级考试，借助“金山词霸”等翻译软件，在英语方面都可以达到普通字幕翻译的要求。当然，英语程度是越高越好，尤其是在国外留学、居住的网友更佳，因为有些时候，影片出现一些复杂句式、俚语还有涉及外国历史文化方面的知识，这些不是字典和翻译软件能查到的，这时就体现出英语程度的优势了。 中文－－奇怪的是，明明英译中涉及两种语言，很多字幕组却往往不对中文程度作任何要求。大概是因为我们都是中国人，学了10多年的中文，表达方面应该没有问题。其实不然，英译中对中文表达的要求应该更多些。有些在国外多年的留学生，英语方面很厉害，很多查不到的俚语都不在话下，可翻译出来的字幕却一塌糊涂。大概是适应了英语的表达方式，转回头用中文表达，却好像“英式中文”，不知道他回国后说话会不会也是这样。
大陆版还是台湾版？
写电影字幕翻译的可以吗
这个题目挺好的~~挺有研究价值的。应该多举些例子，比如说一些经典电影的字幕什么的。老友记也是比较经典的，祝你成功哦~~
这个题目挺好的~~挺有研究价值的。应该多举些例子，比如说一些经典电影的字幕什么的。老友记也是比较经典的，祝你成功哦~~
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
英文的么？我觉得你的选题虽然新颖，但也因为新颖所以有难度。首先第一部分introduction 你可以写一下你为什么想写这方面的论文 研究这个的现实意义 目前国内外关于字幕翻译的研究...第二部分 literature review（文献综述） 这部分你主要写一写翻译理论就可以了第三部分 我觉得你选一些电影的字幕翻译 从某个角度分类 然后逐个分析第四部分 从分析中得到的结论 第五部分 你的结论对学术、社会研究。。。之类的有什么帮助 存在的问题 未来的研究可以借鉴的 等等就你的专业而言，看一些翻译理论的书来充实自己，起码动笔前有思路。更重要的是看学长们写的优秀论文，尤其要找你想写的方面的看。 这一步对你未来的写作才是至关重要的。希望我的回答有帮到你。
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容：
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况：
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。
张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲：
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
翻译学论文开题报告
开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。
1、选题意义和背景
The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.
Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.
Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.
Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.
Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.
2、论文综述/研究基础
1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.
Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.
Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.
In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.
Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.
Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.
This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.
2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.
Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.
As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.
In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.
Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。
Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.
Translation is a kind of symbolic into another language symbols of activity. The essence of translation, is among the bilingual. Admittedly, the title in the meaning of the conversion process, throw out the baby's phenomenon, but for all their level and experience, the translator is different, the translation quality of aesthetic view of its height. In short, the translation criteria is not static. Along with the time and translation content changes, norms, rules and applicable conditions often will change. While the English translation of film titles is so. According to the author, the translator's creativity into full play, can allow multiple translation. First, the translation of perspective, this interpretation by different understanding as interpretation might have produced the whole reason, have the positive side, with different levels of readers. Second, along with the development of history, the past and present people interpret the same film aesthetic standards also has changed. If a title has been widely accepted, some more titles in accordance with contemporary aesthetic temperament and interest, is acceptable. Of course the classic translation has been determined to be sure, otherwise, the likelihood has no other necessary. But, in order to avoid the translated more chaos, should be indicated in parentheses. The Wind was Gone? First translated as "Gone With the Wind", "Gone With the Wind", is one of the best examples. Therefore the research of translation phenomena should be combined with the reality. If the above accords with the translation criteria, need not too over-literal so-called translation principles. Thus greatly expand the mainline translation development space, make appear more energetic.
Translation is from one switch to another language symbols signs of re-creation activities. Translation, in essence, bilingual correspondence between the meaning of conversion. Undeniably, the current title in this sense conversion process, there is good and bad, regardless of the phenomenon, but all the translator's own level of experience, different aesthetic point of view, translation gap between the quality of its own. All in all, the standard is not static translation. With the change of times and translated content, norms, rules and applicable conditions often change. English Translation of the film title is the case. I believe that, in order to give full play to the creativity of the translator that allows multiple translations exist.First, when total translation point of view, this interpretation also works produced by the different understanding of the interpretation may have its wholly rational, have a positive side to meet the needs of different levels of readers. Second, with the development of history, past and present with a movie people interpret the aesthetic standards of the students has changed. Without a title has been widely accepted, some of the titles and then translated to meet the aesthetic taste of contemporary people, is also acceptable. Of course, the classic translation has been firmly established, if not determine the certainty, changed translation, and the other appears to have no need for translation. But the translation of many, to avoid confusion, should be indicated in brackets. Gone With the Wind the first to be translated as "Gone with the Wind," then as "Gone with the Wind" is the best example. Therefore, the phenomenon of translation studies should be combined with the reality. I proposed that they meet the above standard translation, there is no need to stick to the so-called translation of the principle too. This would greatly expand the title translation development to make it appear more dynamic.
英语翻译论文题目
写英语翻译的论文需要写哪些内容呢?选什么样的题目合适?下面是我为大家收集的关于英语翻译论文题目，欢迎大家阅读!
1、谈英语谚语的翻译
2、谈英语幽默的翻译
3、英语汉译技巧初探
4、地方名胜古迹汉译英
5、翻译中常见错误分析
6、中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响
7、会话含义的推导与翻译
8、词汇的文化内涵与翻译
9、语境在翻译中的作用
10、翻译技巧探索
11、商标词翻译
12、广告语言的翻译
13、论英汉互译中的语义等值问题
14、英汉文化差异对翻译的影响
15、英汉谚语的理解和翻译
16、浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译
17、中西文化差异与翻译障碍
18、英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译
19、英语意义否定表现法及其汉译
20、浅谈新闻标题的翻译
21、互文性理论下的电影片名翻译
22、从唐诗《春望》英译比较看译者主体性
23、功能对等理论在英文电影字幕翻译中的应用-以《肖申克的救赎》为个案
24、语篇翻译中的衔接与连贯
25、从关联理论视角看汉语习语的英译
26、从目的论角度看新闻标题英汉翻译
27、目的论关照下的汉语标语翻译
28、影视翻译的特点及技巧-阿甘正传个案研究
29、The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation体育英语的特点及翻译
30、Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English 汉语叠词及其英译
31、Non-Correspondence in English-Chinese Translation of Color Words中英文翻译中颜色词的非对应
32、On the Cultural Signification of Animal Idioms and Translation 动物俚语文化含义与翻译
33、Foreignizing and Domesticating Translations in Cross-cultural Vision跨文化视野中的异化和归化翻译
34、The Loss of Affective Meaning in Translation ―from the Perspective of Cultural Differences 从文化差异的角度看翻译中情感意义的丢失
35、On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese Translation Process 论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在
36、Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a Functional Perspective 从功能翻译角度看归化与异化
37、Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换
38、The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating 论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化 VI 旅游英语方向的选题
39、科技汉英翻译中的.修辞现象述评 ( An Overview of Rhetoric in Scientific English Translation )
40、科技英汉翻译中的虚实互化现象微探 ( Research on the Change from Abstractness to Concreteness in Scientific Translation )
41、翻译方法个案研究?如?“从海明威的短篇小说《一个 干净、明亮的地方》看简洁句的翻译”?
42、两个译本比较研究 ?或某 个译本翻译评论?
43、某个著名翻译家翻译方法或翻译风格研究
44、英汉习语翻译方法研究
45、广告翻译策略 研究
46、Culture Differences and Translation of English &Chinese Idioms
47、浅析应用文体之翻译
48、烹饪英语 翻译探微
49、科技英语翻译方法例析
50、中式菜谱的英译
51、汉语颜色 词的英译
52、福克勒小说的英译
53、英语俚语的汉译
54、论英语委婉 语的差异和翻译对策
55、实用文体翻译中的语 言、文化透视?结合语言学、跨文化交际等相关内容分析影响实 用文体翻译的因素?
56、关于对外交流翻译中不足 的反思?如?电影名的误译?旅游翻译的误译及其他。?
57、对某一翻译的理解与 探讨?如“信、达、雅”的探讨与新解?等等
58、中国特色词汇及其英译
59、中英数字文化对比及其翻译策略
60、论小说风格的传译
61、英文小说中对话的翻译
62、英汉修辞格 的语篇衔接作用及其在翻译中的再现
63、文学翻译批评简论
64、英汉语篇衔接 作用及其翻译策略
65、汉语广告英译中的巧 译策略探微