The information revolution, the development of mass media and the achievements in science and technology have doubtlessly ushered us in a rapidly progressing society, where we may have no time to talk about our traditional culture. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. We eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food" culture. Since we get so used to such fast things that many traditional things have been neglected, some people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost, but I think it will never be lost. Although entertainments are in abundance nowadays, traditional cultures still continue to dominate. We still regard going to a concert as a luxury. Many classic books touch a string from generation to generation in spite of time and space. And we are still moved by the inspirational spirits of our great ancestors.Traditional festivals remind us of our disposition to the traditional culture. Our relief in traditional culture gets ready to revive at any time. To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have e up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost,more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world. The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted. There is no need to worry about whether our traditional culture will be lost. It is an important heritage of the whole human race. No culture, no mankind. We cherish the traditional culture as we cherish our blood in our body. The traditional culture lies in life, forever continuing.。
Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures.China is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups. Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family. Because the Han people accounts for more than niy percent of China's population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as "ethnic minorities." Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur peoples prise the largest ethnic groups. Although China's ethnic minorities do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over a vast area, residing in every corner of China.Particularly since the implementation of China's opening and reform policy, the central government has increased investment in minority areas and accelerated their opening to the outside world. This has resulted in an upsurge of economic development in these areas. Each of China's ethnic minority groups possesses a distinctive culture. The Chinese government respects minority customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of China's ethnic minority groups. The government vigorously supports the development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers, and fosters the development of traditional minority medicine.The relation among China's ethnic groups can be described as "overall integration, local concentration, mutual interaction." Concentrations of ethnic minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among China's ethnic groups since ancient times. With the development of the market economy, interaction among ethnic groups has bee even more active in the areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage. Linked by interdependence, mutual assistance, and joint development, their mon goals and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, China's ethnic groups resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.。
这些东西都可以再网上查到！关于长城的传说 In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture. Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners. Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the pletion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass. In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never *** iled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen *** ile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si *** iled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end. Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread. 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty. Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other states. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor). After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall. It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the east. The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor. From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the 。
关于长城的传说
In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard wo
Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures。
Our country is an old country with about five thousand years history so it has been attracting so many foreign tourists or students to e here to explore our history. Unlike other countries, China has experienced many dynasties and its culture has spread home and abroad . In terms of character, it has developed so much that we can hardly grasp every one of them though we are Chinese, let alone foreigners. So this has made so many foreigners much interested in it . Chinese Kun-fu is also impressive in the world .。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may e to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confuciani *** is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength es from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confuciani *** (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意，尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。由于功夫，他们可能来到中国，学习了解中国文化的其他方面，比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天，儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》）中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。西方人从中了解到了诸如风水等中国所特有的文化概念。中国已经通过向其他国家派遣文化使者并在美国、欧洲等地建立中国文化中心来进一步推广中国文化。
Chinese Knot or Chinese traditional decorating Knot is a kind of characteristic folk decorations of handicraft art. Appeared in ancient time, developed in Tang and Song Dynasty (960-1229A.D.)and popularized in Ming and Qing Dynasty (1368-1911A.D.) Chinese Knot has now bee a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts from its original practical use.
The characteristic of Chinese Knot is that every knot is made of a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning. By bining different knots or other auspicious adornments（吉祥的装饰品） skillfully, an unique auspicious ornament which represents beauty, idea and wishes is formed. For example, "Full of joy". "Happiness & Longevity", "Double Happiness". "Luck and Auspiciousness as one wishes" and "Wish you a fair wind" are Chinese traditional pleasant phrases expressing warmest regards, best wishes and finest ideal.
To fit in with the needs of modern life, Chinese Knot has various products. The o main series are auspicious hanging and knitting clothing adornment. Auspicious hanging includes large tapestry, big room hanging, automobile hanging etc. Knitting clothing adornment includes ring, eardrop, hand chain, necklace and other woman's special adornments.
Today, people are fond of Chinese Knot for its characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning.
语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会 文化 的反应,并制约人们的思维。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1 浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素 1 历史发展的文化要素 在历史发展的长河中，由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响，语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语，更是深受这些因素的影响。在英国历史上，英法两个国家战争不断，其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名，法国文化对英国文化影响很大，成为现代英语的三大来源之一。 例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、French frie(s炸薯条)、stew in one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。其中Frenchleave 指在 18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。而在法语中，也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久，古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是，像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Rome was not built in a da(y冰冻三尺，非一日之寒)等。历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位，两个国家在短短 26 年(1652 年至 1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争，双方胜负各半。 为了发泄对战争失败的不满，英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。诸如习语I’m a Dutchman， if..(.如果我……，我就不是人)、beat the Dutc(h了不起)、Dutch uncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。到近代，两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突，都对英语产生了影响。习语the fifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。1936 年 10 月，西班牙首都马德里受到德国法西斯军队和西班牙叛军的联合进攻，在进攻前的动员大会上，西班牙叛军将领Emilio Mola公开宣称，叛军和德国联军的四个纵队正在向马德里展开猛攻，并且他的第五纵队也已经在马德里城内展开活动。后来英语习语the fifthcolumn 专门用来指代被别国收买了而颠覆自己国家的叛徒或别国派入的间谍。 2 岛国地理环境中“海的文化”要素 自然环境对文化的形成也有直接的影响。“特定文化的表达方式是由特定的地理环境造就的”。(王葆华，2010)英国岛国四面环海，英语习语的形成深受这种特殊的“海的文化”影响。大多数英国人以 捕鱼 为生，因此鱼是日常生活中的主要食品。和鱼相关的习语在英语中俯拾皆是，像nEither fish nor fow(不伦不类)、The best fish swimnear the bottom(好货难求)、cool fis(h怪人)、fish in the air(缘木求鱼)、There are plenty more fish in the se(a天涯何处无芳草)等。 长期海上生活中积累的 经验 也反映在习语语言中，如know the rope(s掌握窍门)、cut and ru(n三十六计走为上)、take the wind out of someone’s sai(l先发制人)、sail under false colour(s假冒伪劣)等。其中 sail under falsecolours 指中世纪海盗猖獗期间，海盗船上常常悬挂假旗号，以便于接近其他船只而不引起对方的警惕。后来人们就用此习语指代“假装”或“冒充”的东西。此外，习语carry coals to Newcastl(e多此一举、画蛇添足)来历是指煤都纽卡斯尔的煤矿储量丰富，如果生意人想运送煤碳到这个城市的话，那肯定会血本无归。由于岛国上的可耕土地很少，所以英国人特别注重畜牧业的发展，畜牧业中也留下了很多与之相关的习语。 比如lose one’swoo(l大发雷霆)，因为羊毛能给牧羊人带来客观经济效益，如果没有了羊毛，也就断了财路，人当然平静不了。再比如Much cry and little woo(l雷声大，雨点小)，指的是羊叫起来声音很大，但产出的羊毛却很少。 3 风俗习惯的文化要素 作为一种特定的社会现象，风俗习惯是“一个群体的习惯和准则的总和，群体人员的创造和遵循是其存在的前提基础”。(Worsley， 2008)身处在特定的社会风气和传统习惯的氛围之中，人们的日常生活不但受到影响，语言也必然会体现出这些影响。例如习语let one’s hair down(身心轻松)就是英国早期习俗的体现。 古时英国的妇女不论地位高低，在任何场合都把自己的头发梳洗得整整齐齐，但是当她们回到家中独自一人时，为了身心的放松，就把头发披散下来，习语“身心放松”的含义由此产生。另一个例子是来源于中世纪的英国生活习俗，在餐桌中间往往放置的是盐器，宾主落座时，盐器上首坐的是贵宾，而下首坐的是一般客人或随从，习语above the sa(lt德高望重的地位)和below the sa(lt无足轻重的地位)由此产生。 面包、牛奶、黄油和奶酪是英国人日常食物的主要组成部分，习语中也体现出了这些食品的重要地位，如bread and butter(生计之需)、bread and chees(e日常食品)、take the bread outof someone’s mou(th抢某人的饭碗)、like a hot knife throughbutte(r易如反掌)、cry over spilt mil(k覆水难收)、half a loaf isbetter than no brea(d聊胜于无)等。 4 宗教信仰的要素影响 文化的一个不可或缺的组成部分就是宗教信仰，它渗透到人类的精神生活、社会生活和语言交际体系中。早在公元 3 世纪初，英国就设立了__教会，因此大多数英国人信仰基督__信上帝。祈求上帝保佑时，英国人会用手指在胸前划十字，口中说God bless me ;骂人时说God damn you ;不愿意某事发生时说God forbid ;人死了说depart to God。在信徒的眼中，上帝无所不能，一切万物、包括人类在上帝面前都微不足道。 习语Manproposes， God dispose(s谋事在人，成事在天)充分体现了这种思想。直接来自《圣经》中的 故事 和比喻的习语也有很多，如来自《旧约·但以理书》第五章的习语handwriting on the wal(l不祥之兆)说的是巴比伦王伯沙撒(Belshazzar)继承了父亲的王位后穷奢极欲、荒淫无度。一日，他邀大臣一千多人在宫中狂饮，许多金银器皿被拿出来待客，席间宫墙上突然有一手伸出来并写下三个神秘的词，大家看后无人能解，于是赶紧把先知但以请来来解字。但以解释说 ：你的统治地位已结束，你的国度将倾裂。果然，当夜伯沙撒就遇刺身亡。类似来自《圣经》的习语还有很多，如make bricks without straw(巧妇难为无米之炊)、at the eleventh hou(r关键时刻)、theparting of the way(s紧要关头)、in sackcloth and ashe(s悲痛忏悔)等。 5 神话寓言的要素影响 世界 文化不仅相通，而且相互影响。“ 英语的 发展史是外来词汇的变异积累过程，也是受民族的 文学作品逐渐浸润、融合、变异的进化过程。”(Herrnst Ein， 2009)民族神话、 传说 和 寓言故事 在 语言的发展变化过程中都留下了深深的烙印。希腊罗马神话和伊索寓言是影响英语习语的两大主要文化要素。 古希腊是西方文明的发源地，希腊神话的最大特点是“兼具人之外形和情感的神令自然人悟其之渺小”。(Turner，2009)古罗马神话是由古希腊神话发展变化而来，到公元前的最后 3 个世纪，罗马诗人维吉尔(Virgil)、奥维德(Ovid)把希腊神话的内容移植到罗马神话中，把希腊神话里的人物名称换成罗马使用的拉丁文名称，创作出希腊—罗马神话的结合体。 英语习语中有许多就是直接来自这种结合体。例如under theros(e严守秘密)这个习语指的是一天，爱与美之女神维纳斯(Venus)在不惑之年还背着丈夫、儿子与情人偷偷幽会，不料刚好被沉默之神哈坡克拉提斯(Harpocrates)无意中撞见。维纳斯的儿子丘比特(Cupid)知道这件事后非常气愤，但又怕此事传出去后对父亲和自己不利，苦思良久后心生一计，他摘下一朵美丽的玫瑰花送给哈坡克拉提斯，肯求他不要把这件事声张出去，沉默之神对丘比特发誓会严守秘密。还有类似的习语如the web ofPenelop(e永远完不成的任务)、sword of Damocle(s随时到来的危险)、Pandora’s Bo(x万恶之源)、apple of discor(d争斗起因)、Achilles’hee(l致命弱点)等都来自希腊罗马神话。 寓言是习语的另一个主要来源，“寓言在流传的过程中被浓缩并升华为习语”。英语习语的重要来源是《伊索寓言》，如习语dog in the mange(r损人不利己)讲的是有一只愚笨之极狗，由于它自己不能吃马槽里的干草，便向正在津津有味吃草的马嚎叫，也不让马吃草的故事。类似的习语还有sour grape(s酸葡萄)、cry wol(f虚张声势)、a wolf in sheep’s clothin(g伪装友善的敌人)、nourish a viperin one’s bosom(养奸护恶)等。 6 文学作品的文化要素 出自文学巨匠笔下精彩的故事情节、富有教益的哲理和涵义深刻的词句常常成为习语的另一个重要的素材来源。文学语言对习语的来源贡献在于以下四个方面“精彩词句、故事情节、鲜明人物和历史习语”。 (徐振忠，2010)莎士比亚的作品是公认的对英语习语贡献最多的来源之一。莎士比亚作品的习语大体可分为两类 ：一种来自剧作的故事情节 ;一种来自作品的词句。莎士比亚剧作中的人物性格鲜明，情节生动，剧中内容常常被引申成为习语。如hoist by one’s own petar(d害人反害己，搬起石头砸自己的脚)出自《哈姆雷特》[3 幕、4 场 ]，早期的炸药箱被称作petard，战争是用于炸开敌人坚固的城池。但由于当时的爆破技术还很不成熟，引爆人点燃炸药后还没等自己撤离，炸药就爆炸了，结果当然是引爆人与敌人同归于尽了。 类似的习语还有one’s pound offles(h合法但不合理的要求)、a horse of a different colou(r另外一回事 ;截然不同)等。莎士比亚作品语言简洁优美、寓意深刻，许多习语就是直接来自作品的词句。如bay atthe moo(n空嚷、徒劳)在《裘里斯 · 凯撒》第四幕第三场里的原文是 ：I had rather be a dog， and bay the moon。原文中bay 被用作及物动词，而现代英语倾向于用作不及物动词，因此加了介词at。类似的习语还有flutter the dovecotes(闹得鸡犬不宁)《[柯里奥拉纳斯》]、paint the lil(y多此一举)《[约翰王》]、the world is someone’s oyste(r随心所欲)《[温莎的娘儿们》]、thereby hangs a tal(e说来话长)《[驯悍记》]等。 英国文坛还有其他许多对世界文学有较大影响的文学巨匠，如乔叟、米尔顿、柯勒律治、拜伦、狄更斯等。他们的作品也对英语习语产生了很大的影响。如习语albatross round soneone’s nec(k提醒某人不犯错误之物)出自柯勒律治的长诗《老水手之歌》。 信天翁是一种海鸟，可以在睡觉时翅膀不煽动并浮在空中，据说随便杀死信天翁会招致厄运。柯勒律治的诗歌中讲述了一位水手由于自己的大意，射杀了一只信天翁，结果在航行途中他麻烦不断，还差点丧命。后来他才悟出个中的缘由，上岸后他把那只信天翁的尸体挂在脖子上，以表达自己示忏悔的心情。来自文学作品的习语还有all hell breaks loose(闹翻天)(米尔顿，《失乐园》)、at sixs and seven(s杂乱无章)(乔叟，《特洛莱斯和克丽西德》)、mind one’s ey(e小心谨慎()狄更斯，《巴纳比·拉奇》)等。 结语 语言学家Hudson指出 ：“语言特征和文化特征常常难分彼此”。(Hudson， 2011)习语的形成与其语言所属的民族文化更是密不可分，“文化是孕育培植习语的温床”(McMordie， 2006)，如果对习语的文化背景没有认真的研究，就难以理解它们其中的深刻含义。本文只从六个方面粗略讨论了影响习语形成的文化要素，以期希望对英语习语 爱好 者在今后的学习过程中正确理解习语的文化内涵和恰如其分地运用习语方面有所启迪和帮助。 关于英语语言文化论文范文篇2 浅析中学生英语语言文化意识的培养 摘要：语言意识的培养，在大学英语教学中较为广泛，但是在中学英语教学中较少提及。我国小学已普遍开设英语课程，中学生已具备一定的英语基础，培养学生的语言意识是有可行的。良好的语言意识有利于学生将来的 英语学习 ，学习者能更好地运用英语，减少交际中的障碍，并进行成功交际，培养学生语言意识是有必要的。本文主要从建构理论，认知的过程出发，并结合我国中学英语教学的实际，说明在中学英语教学中培养语言文化意识的重要性，以及如何培养学生的语言文化意识。 关键词：英语教学;文化知识;语言意识培养 1.引言 传统的中学英语教学，侧重于单词和语法等语言知识点的教学，它培养的是学生某一方面的技能。但是语言的学习是为了运用，交际，从这一角度来看，传统英语教学的弊端突显出来。 根据认知语言学，语言意识指语言的固有能力来处理信息，是洞察语言本质和功能的语言能力。本文中的语言意识，在中学英语教学过程中，将表现为是由文化、政治、社会和习俗等方面组成的。 语言是文化的载体，学习一种语言，不仅仅要掌握语言点知识，培养听、说、读、写、译的基本技能，更重要的是学习蕴含于语言之中的文化现象和文化背景知识，包括政治，经济，文化等多方面，从而培养英语思维。语言意识的培养正是这一要求的体现。语言是交流的工具，有一定的语言意识，了解目的语的文化背景知识， 思维方式 ，交际也就更能达到理想效果。 2.文化与语言的关系 文化通常被定义为在一定的社会或者社会一部分范围内流行的一套价值观念和信仰，是一个社会的整个生活方式，一个民族的全部活动方式。语言是人类生活的重要组成部分。(王建坤，2008)徐行言在《中西文化比较》(2004)中，对文化的理解与概括分为一下几个方面： 把文化看作是一个包含多层次、多方面内容的综合体，用它来概括人类创造和积累起来的全部物质与精神财富以及人们的生活方式。把文化理解人类精神现象或观念形态的总和;强调文化作为人的社会行为与习俗的意义;把文化视作人类的艺术活动及富有仪式性的民俗活动的概括;把文化理解为一个社会的传统行为形式或全部社会遗产。 根据裴文的表述，语言与文化的关系分为以下几种(参见王建坤，2008)：(1)语言是一种文化;(2)语言是文化的工具;(3)语言是文化传播的载体;(4)语言是文化的形式;(5)语言与文化相互作用。由此可见离开了内容，离开了语言的内涵，就谈不上语言。语言学习需要和文化学习结合起来，语言教学的同时也必须了解文化，这样才能真正地更好地运用语言。 3.从建构主义看语言中的文化教学 建构主义是认知理论的一个分支，是学习理论的一个分支，是学习理论中行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展。最早由瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(J. Piaget)于20世纪60年代提出。(范琳，2003)一般认为，建构主义学习理论源于皮亚杰，后经布鲁纳、维果茨基等教学 教育 心理学家不断发展和完善。 建构主义是源自 儿童 认知发展的理论，由于个体的认知发展和学习过程密切相关，因此利用建构主义可以较清楚地说明学习过程的认知规律。建构主义认为，学习不是信息简单地从外到内的单项输入，而是通过新信息与学习者原有的知识经验双向的相互作用而实现的。 我们所说的语言文化意识的培养，正是基于此，培养学生的文化意识，在教学中进行一定的文化导入。文化导入是一种通过引导的方式让学生主动建构语言与文化知识的一种 方法 ，促进学生的英语综合运用能力的提高。该方法主张教师在一定的教学环境中，对学生进行引导，激发学生的思考，促进学生主动进行新信息和原有知识的建构，从而培养学生对文化的敏感性，以及处理文化信息的灵活性，最后获得综合运用英语能力的提高。 4.培养语言文化意识是跨文化交际能力的需要 由于技术的发展，旅游的兴旺，经济和政治体系变化，移民方式的改变，人口增长等原因，人们与来自不同文化背景的人的交流日益增多;人们日益认识到文化会对交流产生微妙和深刻的影响。我们学习语言就不可避免地接触到所学语言国家的交际文化。在不同民族和国家的文化中，既有共性也存在差异，而这些差异是由于历史文化背景、地理环境、传统习惯和思维方式的不同，在语言表达上表现为差异，这些差异的存在可能妨碍文化和语际的正常交流。 英语的学习最终的目的是交流和交际，是为了更好的跨文化交流，将中国博大精深的文化传播出去，吸收外国文化的精华。在教学中渗透文化意识，了解英语国家文化，有助于提高学生的交流能力和跨文化交流能力，克服与不同文化背景中的人们相互理解过程中的障碍，促进交际的成功。 5.交际教学法的弊端 巴克斯(2004，参见孙鸣，2007)认为，业内人士大都默认为：交际法不仅是先进的方法，而是唯一正确的学习语言的方法。根据语言学家威多森(Widdowso ，H. G. 1991,参见孙鸣，2007)对交际教学法的分析与评价，交际教学法注重让学习者用语言做事，表达观念和完成各种交际行为。 它强调“做”、“自然学习”和“自然语言使用”，在学习如何得体地使用语言的过程中，学习者会不经意地学习语言，通过“做”而“知”。交际教学法所关注的是给学习者创造使用该语言的条件和情景，而不是我国现阶段英语教学的词句和语法。 从认知角度来看，外语学习的认知过程始于陈述性知识。陈述性知识是有关某物是事实的知识，是人有意识掌握的、可以陈述的、以命题方式储存在大脑中的事实、概念、或观念构成的信息。(孙鸣，2007)心理语言学研究表明，语言的使用是以认知为基础的(桂诗春，2002，参见孙鸣，2007)语言的认知设计陈述性知识，而语言的使用则涉及程序性知识。 近几年，交际教学法盛行于我国英语教学中。结合我国英语教学的实际，交际教学法的不足之处日益显现出来。交际教学法所主张的由“做”而“知”， 忽视了外语学习认知过程中陈述性知识的作用，不符合外语学习认知过程及其规律，并不适合我国英语教学环境。 而提倡在教学中进行文化渗透，培养学生语言文化意识，更符合外语学习认知的过程及规律，语言的认知过程和认知结构需要有文化的参与。
历史论文的标准格式⑴ 题名.是以最恰当,最简明的语词反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合,应避免使用的不常见的省略词,首字母缩写字,字符,代号和公式,字数一般不宜超过20个题名用语. ⑵ 作者姓名和单位,两人以上,一般按贡献大小排列名次. ① 文责自负;②记录成果;③便于检索 ⑶ 摘要:是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,中文摘要一般不会超过300字,不阅读全文,即可从中获得重要信息.外文250实词. 包括:①本研究重要性;②主要研究内容,使用方法;③总研究成果,突出的新见解,阐明最终结论.重点是结果和结论. ⑷ 关键词.是从论文中选取出以表示全文主题内容信息款目的单词或术语,一般3-7个,有专用《主题词表》. ⑸ 引言.回来说明研究工作的目的,范围,相关领域的前,人工作和知识布局,理论基础和分析,研究设想,研究方法,预期结果和意义. ⑹ 正文 ⑺ 结论:是指全文最终的,总体的结论,而不是正文中各段小结的简单重复.要求准确,完整,明晰,精练. ⑻ 致谢:是对论文写作有过帮助的人表示谢意,要求态度诚恳,文字简洁. ⑼ 参考文献表(注释),文中直接引用过的各种参考文献,均应开列,格式包括作者,题目和出版事项(出版地,出版社,出版年,起始页码)连续出版物依次注明出版物名称,出版日期和期数,起止页码. ⑽ 附录:在论文中注明附后的文字图表等.
在写论文前要注意论文题目格式:在标题下注明作者、邮编、工作单位、学生就写所在学校,要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2.然后就是论文的目录,目录是论文中主要事件的概括。(如果是小论文的话可省略此操作)3.然后是文章主要内容的摘录,要求语言简短、精炼、完整。4.然后是论文的关键词或主题词 ,关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文 的中心内容有实质意义的词汇
据学术堂了解,喜欢历史的同学有很多,关于历史的话题也有很多,我们首先得找到一个自己感兴趣的历史话题,这样我们才能有动力去了解与此相关的资料和文献,兴趣才是我们的第一导师.历史论文肯定是要介绍那个时期所发展的故事背景,事情发生的起因结果以及相关的知识,那么这样就基本能够看出事情发展的全部过程,会发现自己的一点想法.再看看历史学家对于这段时间的看法,别的学者对于这个话题有什么样不同的观点看法.当然我们也可以说说自己在认真了解了这段的历史之后会有什么不同新观点,这也就是我们写历史论文的收获了.
找一件事，或找一个人，确定一个看法，然后找资料印证你的看法，有逻辑地论证这个看法，就可以了。
论点 论证 论据这个是三要素论文内容应层次分明数据可靠文字简练说明透彻推理严谨立论正确。论文一般由七部分组成依次为1.封面 2.摘要3.目录 4.论文正文5.参考文献6.附录7.致谢。
高中同学们在答历史试卷时，经常会遇到评论该段材料，写一篇小论文，接下来我们就说说历史小论文怎么写，希望能够帮助到同学们。
写好一篇历史小论文，尽量做到论点新，角度新，文笔流畅，具有较强的可读性，具体注意以下几点：
（1）仔细审题。教会高中生先读懂题意，弄明白题目的具体要求，抓准题目中的关键词，做到下笔时胸有成竹，紧扣题意，而不是离题很远。
（2）拟好标题。好标题能画龙点睛。写作时视具体情况而定。标题过大，写作内容就会空洞不实在，标题过小则会让自己的思路打不开，无话可说。因此标题的内涵宜适中，让自己感觉有话可说，标题字数不能过多。如①“浅论科举制度”，②“浅谈隋唐科举制度的发展历程”，③“浅谈隋唐科举制度的积极影响”，④“科举制度与唐诗的繁荣”四个论文题，比较而言题①就显得文题过大，题④则显得文题过小，而且还需要一定的语文知识，写作起来会感觉有点难度，而题②教材介绍了科举制度从隋朝文帝、炀帝到唐朝太宗、武则天、玄宗的发展历程，题③关于隋唐科举制度的积极影响教材也有讲述，因而高中生会觉得好写得多。
（3）组织材料。要围绕主题选材，要适当运用已经给出的材料，通过自己的思考把材料组织起来。材料不是越多越好。要让材料为自己去“作证”，就一定要选择那些说服力强的、容易让人信服的、容易打动别人的材料。
（4）正文写作。一般要求具备三要素：论点、论据和结论。论点要紧扣标题，是论文阐述的具体观点：论据是用来说明自己的观点的历史事实或经典名言；结论是对全文进行扼要概括或总结。可将其总结为三段式：亮明观点———证明观点———概括总结。
放眼尽观“清朝统治史”
从三皇五帝至如今，中国历经无数荣辱兴衰，中国人民也饱受身心的煎熬。
不论是唐、宋、元，中国的经济、科学都位于当时世界的前列。可自从明中到清末中国一蹶不振。可见明、清二朝对于中国的经济、文化发展起着位高权重的作用。其中清朝政府的统治，对于中国的落后有一种不可推卸责任。
首先明清朝的科举制度对于人才的开发起着较大的阻力。“八股文”对于清朝文人学士起着较大的阻力。“八股文”对于明清朝文人学士的思想起了一定的阻碍。它像一个牢笼，将文人的思想拘束于一个范围内，将原本胸怀大志，可以成龙的学子们，套上了链索，使他们的文学才华不可展现的淋漓尽致发挥出来。其次，“文字狱”也为中国造成了不可磨灭的损失，使许多知识分子不敢过问政事从而禁锢了思想，严重阻碍了中国社会的发展与进步。
另外清政府的闭关锁国政策，虽然在刚开始时起过一定的自卫作用。可是，当时西方国家发展速度飞快，逐渐超过中国，清政府的闭关锁国，与世隔绝，既看不到世界形势的变化，也未能适时的向西方学习先进的科学知识，使中国走向落后趋势。
清朝从刚开始，“只留头，不留发”的统治到了最后的灭亡，这是值得他们反思的。当年，清朝刚入关时十分英勇。骑、射、打、猎都是他们的强项，可到后来他们一味的不务正业，奢移成性，最终酿成了清政府的衰亡，毁灭。
从开国皇帝努尔哈赤到亡国之皇溥仪，中国历经了无数的荣辱兴衰，什么割地赔款，火烧圆明园，这都在中国历史上留下了不可磨灭的耻辱，在中国人民心中留下了永不褪色的阴影。
第一部分 写出你所要论述的事件的大致背景 包括国内国外 世界第二部分 写出你所要论述的事件的具体特点 包括时间 发生原因 发生过程 参与人员第三部分 写出你所要论述的事件的影响（这个是重点，应该占三分之一字数）第四部分 写出你写这件事件的原因，及你认为这件事件对本国的影响（你知道的，历史课都很重视这个）第五部分 结语，简单一两句话就可以概括。
第一部分（我通常就用一段）：你写这篇论文的原因或是目的；第二部分： 第一层：讲述这一历史事件的概况（比如你写的论文是要研究中世纪的政治的，那你就把中世纪时期的政治、经济介绍一下），在此基础之上引出你的观点。 第二层：具体阐述你的观点，可以引用一些历史材料来说明。第三部分：结尾，用简要的语言再次讲一下你的观点。 我写论文的时候就是用这种格式，可以参考一下。呵呵
一、论文内容要求 本科生毕业论文必须使用汉语撰写。论文内容应层次分明数据可靠文字简练说明透彻推理严谨立论正确。论文一般由七部分组成依次为1.封面 2.摘要3.目录 4.论文正文5.参考文献6.附录7.致谢。各部分的具体要求如下 1 封面 封面上应包括论文题目、作者姓名、学号、专业名称、导师姓名及所在学院七部分。采用学校规定的统一格式模板。 2 中、英文摘要及关键词 中、英文摘要位于首页摘要应简明表达学位论文的内容要点体现研究工作的核心思想。重点说明本项科研的目的和意义、研究方法、研究成果、结论注意突出具有创新性的成果和新见解的部分。 关键词是为文献标引工作而从论文中选取出来的、用以表示全文主题内容信息的术语。关键词排列在摘要内容的左下方具体关键词之间以均匀间隔分开排列无需其它符号。 3目录 目录应按照论文的章、节、附录等顺序依次排列写明标题编写页码。目录页排在中、英文摘要之后。 4论文正文 正文是学位论文的核心部分一般由理论分析、数据资料、计算方法、实验和测试方法实验结果的分析和论证个人的论点和研究成果以及相关图表、照片和公式等部分构成。其写作形式可因科研项目的性质不同而变化总体要求理论正确、逻辑清楚、层次分明、文字流畅、数据真实、公式推导计算结果无误。文中若有与导师或他人共同研究的成果必须明确指出如果引用他人的结论必须明确注明出处并与参考文献一致。 5参考文献 在学位论文中引用参考文献时应在引出处的右上方用方括号标注阿拉伯数字编排的序号参考文献的排列按照文中引用出现的顺序列出列在正文的末尾。 6附录 附录一般作为学位论文主体的补充主要包括正文内过于冗长的公式推导供读者阅读方便所需要的辅助性的数学工具或重复性数据图表由于过分冗长而不宜放置在正文中的计算机程序清单本专业内具有参考价值的资料论文使用的缩写说明等。附录编于正文后其页码与正文连续编排。 7致谢 对于提供各类资助、指导和协助完成论文研究工作的单位及个人表示感谢。致谢应实事求是切忌浮夸与庸俗之词。 二、撰写规范格式 1封面上的内容必须准确无误。论文题目包括副题和标点符号不得超过36个汉字。严格按照模板要求控制各部分的字体、字号。 2学位论文中文摘要一般为400字左右。 1论文题目为三号黑体字可以分成1或2行居中打印。 2论文题目下空一行居中打印“摘 要”二字(小三号黑体)两字间空一格注“一格”的标准为一个汉字以下同。 3“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(四号宋体)。段落按照“首行缩进”格式每段开头空二格标点符号占一格。 4摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键词”三字四号黑体其后为关键词四号宋体。关键词数量为35个。 3论文中的英文一律采用“Times New Roman”字体。论文英文题目全部采用大写字母可分成13行居中打印。每行左右两边至少留五个字符空格。 1题目下空三行居中打印“ABSTRACT”再下空二行打印英文摘要内容英文摘要与中文摘要相对应。 2摘要内容每段开头留四个字符空格。 3摘要内容后下空二行打印“KEY WORDS” 其后关键词小写。 4“目录”两字居中打印三号黑体字下空两行为章、节、小节及其开始页码。章、节、小节层次代号如下 第一章 XXXX„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2 1.1 XXXX „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2 1.1.1 XXXX „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 5标题每章的标题以三号黑体字居中打印“章”下空两行为二级标题,以四号黑体字左起打印“节”下空一行为三级标题以小四号黑体字左起打印。换行后打印论文正文。 6正文采用小四号宋体字论文篇幅按照培养方案要求实施。 7图每一图应有简短确切的图名图中标注可采用中文或英文。若图名采用中英文对照其英文字体为五号中文字体为五号楷体。引用图应在图名的右上角标明文献来源。图中坐标上标注的符号和缩略词必须与正文中一致。 图序号一律采用阿拉伯数字分章依序编排如图32为第三章第二图。如果图中含有几个不同部分应将分图序号标注在分图的左上角并在图名下列出各分图图名。 绘图必须工整、清晰、规范。示意图应能清楚反映图示内容照片应在右下角标明放大比例实验结果曲线图应制成方框图。 8表表序号一律采用阿拉伯数字分章依序编排如表54为第五章第四表。每张表格应有简短确切的标题表标题及序号置于表的正上方表内必须按规定的符号标注单位。 9公式公式序号一律采用阿拉伯数字分章依序编排如式2-13、式4-5其标注应于该公式所在行的最右侧公式书写方式应在文中相应位置另起一行居中横排对于较长的公式只可在符号处+、-、*、/、≤≥等转行。 10参考文献 按照参考文献在文中出现的顺序采用阿拉伯数字连续编号其排列格式为 1专著中的文献 [序号] 作者 专著名称 版本(第版不加标注) 出版者 出版年 参考页码 2期刊中的文献 [序号] 作者 文献名称 期刊名称 卷号期号 年月 页码范围 3论文集 [序号] 作者 论文题目 见(英文用In) 主编 论文集名 出版地 出版年 页码范围 4学位论文 [序号] 作者 题目 学位论文(英文用Dissertation)保存地点保存单位年份 5专利 [序号] 专利申请者 题目 国别 专利文献种类 专利号 批准日期 6技术标准 [序号] 起草责任者 标准代号 标准顺序号发布年 标准名称 出版地出版者出版年度 注文献中的作者数量低于三位时全部列出超过三位时只列前三位其后加“等”字即可作者姓名之间用逗号分开中外人名一律采用姓在前名在后的著录法。 11论文的附录依序编排为附录1附录2„„。附录中的图表公式另编排序号与正文分开。 三、毕业论文打印及装订要求 1. 学位论文的封面规格 学位论文的封面严格按照教务处规定的统一格式制作内容必须打印。 2. 论文正文页面规格 学位论文全部内容一律采用计算机编辑为便于装订与复制必须双面居中打印其区域面积为230mm×155mm(包括篇眉)使用A4规格纸输出。 版面设置数据参考值文字的行间距20磅公式的行间距1.5倍字符为标准间距。
论点 论证 论据这个是三要素论文内容应层次分明数据可靠文字简练说明透彻推理严谨立论正确。论文一般由七部分组成依次为1.封面 2.摘要3.目录 4.论文正文5.参考文献6.附录7.致谢。
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考研英语小作文写作格式：第一：在了解完整的小作文模板写作方法前，需要先有以下基础知识：
判断方法：找关键词，这些关键词就是作文写作的基调。示例：
第二：根据以上基础知识，形成了3个框架【发布后，下面的信件和通知格式会乱，注意按照正确的格式写】
1. 情感信件框架：感谢信+道歉信等
Dear 称呼,
I am writing this letter to extend to you my sincere (情感) for 转述题目.
For all you/I have done, my true appreciation/apology is beyond the word's description. 核心句1. 核心句2.
To repay your kindness/To make amends, I would like to do anything I could. (或I would like to +具体措施). Once again, I sincerely hope that you can accept my heartfelt appreciation/apology.
Yours sincerely,
落款
千万不要以为以上框架只可以套用感谢信、道歉信，它还可以套用祝贺信、吊唁信、慰问信等表示情感的信件，只需轻微改动就ok了。比如祝贺信：
Dear 称呼，
I am writing this letter to extend to you my sincere congratulations for 转述题目.
For all you have achieved, my true excitement is beyond the word’s description. 核心句1. 核心句2.
To show my congratulation, I would like to do anything I could. (或I would like to +具体措施). Once again, I sincerely hope that you can accept my heartfelt congratulation.
Yours sincerely,
落款
同理，吊唁信、慰问信等也是如此简单。一个框架足以应对多种信件，总比你单独背好多种要简单得多。
2. 信息信件框架：辞职信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信、推荐信、介绍信等
Dear 称呼，
I am writing this letter to extend to you 转述题目.
To be specific, the reasons for 信件词(或the details concerning信件词) could be listed as follows. 核心句1. 核心句2.
I would appreciate it if you will take my 信件词 into consideration. Best wishes/Thanks for your time and I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
落款同样，千万不要以为这个框架只适合以上几种信件，它还可以套用申请信、求职信等其他传递某种信息的信件。比如申请信(申请信可以是介绍申请的原因，所以第2句保留the reasons…as follows)：
Dear 称呼，
I am writing this letter to extend to you my sincere hope for 转述题目.
To be specific, the reasons for my application could be listed as follows. 核心句1. 核心句2.
I would appreciate it if you will take my application into consideration. Thanks for your time and I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
落款
3. 通知
Notice
活动 is due to start at 9:00 a.m. this Saturday in the school hall (and we are now recruiting volunteers for the event).
To be specific, the details concerning (活动/the qualification of志愿者) could be listed as follows. 核心句1. 核心句2.
Those who are interested in taking part in the upcoming event are supposed to sign up with us before next weekend. For detailed information, please visit www.
落款
这个通知同时适用于活动通知和招募志愿者通知。如果是活动通知，第1句括号中的内容可以不要，如果是招募志愿者通知，则第1句括号中的内容都需要加上。
不论是哪种通知，肯定都是希望有更多的人响应、参与，所以最后一段可以保持不变。
(4)套用举例：
英语一：2010
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.
通过recruit volunteers for…可知，此处是招募志愿者。套用后是这样的：
Notice
An international conference on globalization is due to start at 9:00 a.m. this Saturday in the city hall and we are now recruiting volunteers for the event.
To be specific, the details concerning the qualification of volunteers could be listed as follows. 核心句1. 核心句2.
Those who are interested in taking part in the upcoming event are supposed to sign up with us before next weekend. For detailed information, please visit www.
Postgraduate association
备注：①第一句中的时间地点根据实际情况做轻微改变即可。
②最后一句中的网址可以根据实际情况做轻微改变。
英语一：2020
The student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about 100 words.
Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)
通过an upcoming singing contest可知，此处是活动通知。套用后是这样的：
Notice
The singing contest is due to start at 9:00 a.m. this Saturday in the school hall.
To be specific, the details concerning the contest could be listed as follows. 核心句1. 核心句2.
Those who are interested in taking part in the upcoming event are supposed to sign up with us before next weekend. For detailed information, please visit www.
The student union
第三、核心句
看过以上框架会发现，每个框架中都有“核心句1”、“核心句2” 这部分内容是为了切题，也就是题目要求你针对什么表示感谢、为了什么而道歉等。
千万不要以为，这一部分只有考场上临时写，其实它也有规律的，也可以事先做好准备的。
下面，分享一下9组核心句的写作方向，并以感谢信为例进行套用演示。
9 组核心句表达方向：
(1)表示感谢：
①对方的帮助对你的意义：As a result of your generous help, I have been able to achieve so much progress.
②如果没有对方的帮助，你会怎么样：If it had not been your assistance, I would have been at a loss about what to do.
(2)表示道歉： ①承认自己的过失； ②提出解决的办法
(3)介绍人物特点：①他/她的学习、工作能力突出； ②他/她与人相处的能力突出
(4)介绍事物特点：①受到好评； ②有很大价值，优于同类
(5)辞职原因：①工作本身的原因； ②个人的原因
(6)投诉原因：①对自己造成不好影响； ②负责人消极态度
(7)针对社会问题提建议：①从政策层面提建议； ②从个体层面提建议
(8)针对个人问题提建议：①向他人寻求帮助； ②培养自己的主观能动性
(9)介绍活动：①活动的基本信息； ②活动的举办方式
以上9组核心句，共18句话，是不是比你背100多个句子要来的容易？下面，我以表示感谢的核心句为例，完整套用一遍真题，带你更好地运用这种方法：
英语二：2010
You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to 1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception; 2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course. You should write about 100 words on the Answer Sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
模板套用：
Step 1：通过express your thanks可知，这是一封感谢信，选用情感框架中的感谢信框架。
Step 2：选用表示感谢的核心句。
Step 3：将框架与核心句组合，形成一篇完整的作文
Dear Bob,
I am writing this letter to extend to you my sincere thanks for your warm reception when I was in the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.
For all you have done, my true appreciation is beyond the word’s description. As a result of your warm reception and generous help, I have been able to achieve so much progress in the understanding of American culture. If it had not been your assistance, I would have been at a loss about what to do.
To repay your kindness, I would like to invite you to visit China this summer and I will introduce to you the historical sites in Beijing. Once again, I sincerely hope that you can accept my heartfelt appreciation.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Wei
英语四六级作文结尾模板
英语四六级作文结尾模板，写好作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的事情，勤加练习才能写出好文章，写作的技巧可以提升我们的文辞水平，中华文化的`节日多用于缅怀，下面是英语四六级作文结尾模板，仅让大家参考。
1、only引导的倒装句
例如： Only by living up to the three requirements, can we …
唯有符合此三项要求，我们才能……
Only with combined efforts, can we ...
唯有通力合作，我们才能……
例如：Only with combined efforts, can we expect our nation to take a new face in due course.
唯有通力合作，我们才能期望祖国不久有新的面貌。
2、表示结论(同位语从句)
例如： We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)从句
因此，我们能下个结论，那就是……
例如：We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is as precious as freedom in the
world.
因此，我们能下个结论，那就是世上自由最珍贵。
1、 条件假设
例如：If one can really put the three points into action (practice), …
如果能实践这三点，……
例如：If one can really put the three points into action (practice), people will surely be able to
live a healthy and happy life.
如果能实践这三点，人们就能过上健康幸福的生活了。
2、条件假设
例如：If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)从句
如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，……
例如：If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can solve this problem.
如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能解决这个问题。
同学们在实际英语写作练习中，可以根据具体情况进行相应的主题词替换。写好结尾，善始善终，才能保证一篇作文得高分。
2010年12月四级作文万能结尾句：1. 至于我，在某种水平上我赞成后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____. 2. 总而言之，全部社会应当亲密关注……这个问题。只有这样，咱们才干在未来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future. 3. 然而，……跟……都有它们各自的上风（利益）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比拟，我更偏向于（爱好）…… But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______. 4. 就我个人而言，我信任……，因此，我深信美妙的将来正等着我们。由于…… Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______. 5. 跟着社会的发展，……。因而，急切须要……。如果每个人都愿为社会奉献自已的一份力气，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更公道。只有这样，我们能力…… For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____. 7. 对我来说，我以为有必要……。起因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样主要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______. 8. 在总体上很难说……是好仍是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的局势。然而，就我个人而言，我发明……。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depennds very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______. 9. 综上所述，我们能够明白地得出论断…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____. 10. 假如我们不采用有效的办法，就可能把持不了这种趋势，就会呈现一些意想不到的不良成果，所以，我们应该做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.