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vb毕业论文外文翻译

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Visual Basic编程语言 1991年,美国微软公司推出了Visual Basic(可简称VB),目前的最新版本是VB 2008 Beta2(VB9)中文版。 Visual 意即可视的、可见的,指的是开发像windows操作系统的图形用户界面(Graphic User Interface,GUI)的方法,它不需要编写大量代码去描述界面元素的外观和位置,只要把预先建立好的对象拖放到屏幕上相应的位置即可。 Basic 实际上是一个短语的缩写,这个短语就是 Beginners all_purpose symbolic instruction code ,其中文意思为“初始者通用符号指令代码语言”。 Visual Basic有学习版、专业版和企业版三种版本,以满足不同的开发需要。学习版适用于普通学习者及大多数使用Visual Basic开发一般Windows应用程序的人员,但是;专业版适用于计算机专业开发人员,包括了学习版的全部内容功能以及Internet控件开发工具之类的高级特性;企业版除包含专业版全部的内容外,还有自动化构件管理器等工具,使得专业编程人员能够开发功能强大的组骨子里分布式应用程序。 VB是一种可视化的、面向对象和采用事件驱动方式的结构化高级程序设计语言,可用于开发Windows环境下的各类应用程序。它简单易学、效率高,且功能强大可以与Windowsr专业开发工具SDK相媲美。在Visual Basic环境下,利用事件驱动的编程机制、新颖易用的可视化设计工具,使用Windows内部的广泛应用程序接口(API)函数,以用动态链接库(DLL)、对象的链接与世隔嵌入(OLE)、开放式数据连接(ODBC)等技术,可以高效、快速地开发Windows环境下功能强大、图形界面丰富的应用软件系统。随着版本的提高,Visual Basic的功能也越来越强。5.0版以后,Visual Basic推出了中文版,与前个版本相比,其功能有了很大提升。但是,功能再强大,Visual Basic仍然有一个缺点:在没有MSVBVM**.DLL的计算机上必须安装所需的DLL文件。用它可设计操作系统,不过,比较困难。 在二十一世纪初,microsoft公司推出Visual Studio 2003与Visual Basic之间有了重大变化,Visual Studio为各种编程工具做了一个平台,Visual Basic.NET可在这种平台上运行。相对于传统VB,有很大的不同。VB.Net,首次使用.Net构架进行可视化编程,并且能很好地与COM构架兼容。2005年Visual Studio 2005则运用了NET 2.0的技术,更加的方便了程序员的工作。可是新的程序对系统配置要求也较高,需要微软.Net Framework 2.0以上的.Net构架支持。 2007年12月,微软(Microsoft)推出了Visual Studio 2008 Beta 2 发生了重大的变化(见附图)在代码输入的时候,可以比VB2005快很多,在非特殊的情况下,VB2008都会自动开启 自动完成关键字 这个命令 而且开始支持最新的.NET Framework 3.5 Beta 2Visual Basic programming language 1991, the United States launched the Microsoft Visual Basic (may be referred to VB), is the latest version of the current VB 2008 Beta2 (VB9) Chinese version. Visual meaning the visual, visible, referring to the development of operating systems like windows graphical user interface (Graphic User Interface, GUI) method, it does not need to prepare a large number code to describe the appearance of the interface elements and location, as long as the pre - The establishment of good drag and drop objects on the screen corresponding to the location. Basic is actually an abbreviation of the phrase, this phrase is Beginners all_purpose symbolic instruction code, the Chinese meaning "to the initial directive GM symbol code language." Visual Basic learning, Professional Edition and Enterprise Edition versions to meet the different needs of the development. Study and apply to the ordinary version of the majority of learners and the use of Visual Basic development of the general staff of Windows applications, but; professional version for computer professional development of staff, including the study of functional version of the full content control and Internet development tools such as advanced features ; Enterprise contain not only all the professional version of the content, there are automated tools such as Component Manager, professional programmers to make the development of a powerful group essence of distributed applications. VB is a visual, object-oriented event-driven approach and the use of the structure of high-level programming language, can be used for the development of the Windows environment of various applications. It easy to learn, efficient and powerful with Windowsr professional development tools comparable to SDK. In Visual Basic environment, the use of event-driven programming mechanism, the new easy-to-use visual design tools, within the wider use Windows application program interface (API) function, to use dynamic link library (DLL), the object Links embedded with the World at (OLE), open-end data connectivity (ODBC), and other technology, can be highly efficient and rapid development of the Windows environment powerful, rich graphical interface application software system. With the improved version, Visual Basic functions also growing. After version 5.0, Visual Basic launched a Chinese version, compared with the previous version, its functions have been greatly improve. However, more powerful functions, Visual Basic still has one drawback: in the absence of MSVBVM **. DLL must be installed on the computer the required DLL file. It can be designed with the operating system, but more difficult. In the early 21st century, microsoft has introduced Visual Studio 2003 and Visual Basic among the significant changes, Visual Studio for a variety of programming tools to a platform, Visual Basic.NET can run on this platform. Compared with traditional VB, are quite different. VB.Net, used for the first time. Net framework for visual programming, and can a good framework compatible with COM. 2005 Visual Studio 2005则use of the NET 2.0 technology, more convenience to the programmer's work. But the new procedures on the system configuration requirements are also higher, the need for Microsoft. Net Framework 2.0 above. Net framework support. December 2007, Microsoft (Microsoft) launched the Visual Studio 2008 Beta 2 has undergone major changes (see attached map) enter in the code when the VB2005 can be much faster than in non-exceptional circumstances, VB2008 will automatically open automatically Keyword completion of this order and begun to support the latest. NET Framework 3.5 Beta 2

2064个字~Electric circuit exchange network and vb transfer database The result of the connection setup with circuit switching is the reservation of bandwidth all the way from the sender to the receiver. All packets follow this path. Among other properties, having all packets follow the same path means that they cannot arrive out of order. With packet switching there is no path , so different packets can follow different paths, depending on network conditions at the time they are sent. They may arrive out of order.Packet switching is more fault tolerant than circuit switching. In fact, that is why it was invented. If a switch goes down, all of the circuits using it are terminated and no more traffic can be sent on any of them. With Packet switching, packets can be routed around dead switches.Setting up a path in advance also opens up the possibility of reserving bandwidth in advance. If bandwidth is reserved, then when a packet arrives, it can be sent out immediately over the reserved bandwidth. With packet switching, no bandwidth is reserved, so packets may have to wait their turn to be forwarded.Having bandwidth reserved in advance means that no congestion can occur when a packet shows up (unless more packets show up than expected).On the other hand, when an attempt is made to establish a circuit, the attempt can fail due to congestion. Thus, congestion can occur at different times with circuit switching(at setup time) and packet switching(when packets are sent).If a circuit has been reserved for a particular user and there is no traffic to send, the bandwidth of that circuit is wasted. It cannot be used for other traffic. Packet switching does not waste bandwidth and thus is more efficient form a system-wide perspective. Understanding this trade-off is crucial for comprehending the difference between circuit switching and packet switching. The trade-off is between guaranteed service and wasting resources versus not guaranteeing service and not wasting resources.Packet switching uses store-and-forward transmission. A packet is accumulated. in a router’s memory, then sent on to the next router. With circuit switching, the bits just flow through the wire continuously. The store-and-forward technique adds delay.Another difference is that circuit switching is completely transparent. The sender and receiver can use any bit rate, format, or framing method they want to. The carrier does not know or care. With packet switching, the carrier determines the basic parameters. A rough analogy is a road versus a railroad. In the former, the user determines the size, speed, and nature of the vehicle; in the latter, the carrier does. It is this transparency that allows voice, data, and fax to coexist within the phone system.A final difference between circuit and packet switching is the charging algorithm. With circuit switching, charging has historically been based on distance and time. For mobile phones, distance usually does not play a role, except for international calls, and time plays only a minor role(e.g., a calling plan with 2000 free minutes costs more than one with 1000 free minutes and sometimes night or weekend calls are cheaper than normal).With packet switching, connect time is not an issue, but the volume of traffic sometimes is. For home users, ISPs usually charge a flat monthly rate because it is less work for them and their customers can understand this model easily, but backbone carriers charge regional networks based on the volume of their traffic. The differences are summarized in Fig.2-40.Item Circuit Switched Packet SwitchedCall setup Required Not neededDedicated physical path Yes NoEach packet follows the same route Yes NoPackets arrive in order Yes NoIs a switch crash fatal Yes NoBandwidth available Fixed DynamicTime of possible congestion At setup time On every packetPotentially wasted bandwidth Yes NoStore-and-forward transmission No YesTransparency Yes NoCharging Per minute Per packetBoth circuit switching and packet switching are important enough that we will come back to them shortly and describe the various technologies used in detail.2.6 THE MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEMThe traditional telephone system(even if it some day gets multi-gigabit end-to-end fiber) will still not be able to satisfy a growing group of users :people on the go .People now expect to make phone calls from airplanes ,cars ,swimming pools ,and while jogging in the park .Within a few years they will also expect to send e-mail and surf the Web from all these locations and more consequently ,there is a tremendous amount of interest in wireless telephony .In the following sections we will study this topic in some detail.Wireless telephones come in two basic varieties :cordless phones and mobile phones(sometimes called cell phones),Cordless phones are devices consisting of a base station and a handset sold as a set for use within the home. These are never used for networking ,so we will not examine them further .Instead we will concentrate on the mobile system ,which is used for wide area voice and data communication.Mobile phones have gone through three distinct generations ,with different technologies:1. Analog voice2. Digital voice3. Digital voice and data(Internet ,e-mail ,etc.).Although most of our discussion will be about the technology of these systems ,it is interesting to note how political and tiny marketing decisions can have a huge impact .The first mobile system was devised in the U.S. by AT&T and mandated for the whole country by the FCC .As a result ,the entire U.S. had a single(analog) system and a mobile phone purchased in California also worked in New York .In contrast ,when mobile came to Europe ,every country devised its own system ,which resulted in a fiasco.Europe learned from its mistake and when digital came around, the government-run PTTs got together and standardized on a single system(GSM),so any European mobile phone will word anywhere in Europe .By then ,the U.S. had decided that government should not be in the standardization business ,so it left digital to the marketplace .This decision resulted in different equipment manufacturers producing different kinds of mobile phones .As a consequence ,the U.S. now has two major incompatible digital mobile phone systems in operation(plus one minor one).Despite an initial lead by the U.S. , mobile phone ownership and usage in Europe is now far greater than in the U.S. Having a single system for all of Europe is part of the reason ,but there is more .A second area where the U.S. and Europe differed is in the humble matter of phone numbers .In the U.S. mobile phones are mixed in with regular (fixed) telephones .Thus ,there is no way for a caller to see if ,say ,(212)234-5678 is a fixed telephone (cheap or free call) or a mobile phone (expensive call).To keep people from getting nervous about using the telephone ,the telephone companies decided to make the mobile phone owner pay for incoming calls .As a consequence ,many people hesitated to buy a mobile phone for fear of running up a big bill by just receiving calls .In Europe ,mobile phones have a special area code (analogous to 800 and 900 numbers) so they are instantly recognizable .Consequently , the usual rule of “caller pays” also applies to mobile phones in Europe (except for international calls where costs are split).A third issue that has had a large impact on adoption is the widespread use of prepaid mobile phones in Europe (up to 75% in some areas ).These can be purchased in many stores with no more formality than buying a radio .You pay and you go .They are preloaded with ,for example ,20 or 50 euro and can be recharged (using a secret PIN code ) when the balance drops to zero . As a consequence , practically every teenager and many small children in Europe have (usually prepaid ) mobile phones so their parents can locate them ,without the danger of the child running up a huge bill .If the mobile phone is used only occasionally ,its use is essentially free since there is no monthly charge or charge for incoming calls .2.6.1 First-Generation Mobile Phones :Analog Voice Enough about the politics and marketing aspects of mobile phones .Now let us look at the technology ,starting with the earliest system .Mobile radiotelephones were used sporadically for maritime and military communication during the early decades of the 20th century .In 1946, the first system for car-based telephones was set up in St.Louis .This system used a single large transmitter on top of a tall building and had a single channel ,used for both sending and receiver .Such systems ,known as push-to-talk systems ,were installed in several cities beginning in the late 1950s.CB-radio,taxis,and police cars on television programs often use this technology. In the 1960s,IMTS(Improved Mobile Telephone System) was installed .It ,too ,used a high-powered (200-watt) transmitter ,on top of a hill , but now had two frequencies ,one for sending and one for receiving , so the push-to-talk button was no longer needed . Since all communication from the mobile telephones went inbound on a different channel than the outbound signals ,the mobile users could not hear each other (unlike the push-to-talk system used in taxis). IMTS supported 23 channels spread out from 150 MHz to 450 MHz .Due to the small number of channels ,users often had to wait a long time before getting a dial tone .Also ,due to the large power of the hilltop transmitter ,adjacent systems had to be several hundred kilometers apart to avoid interference . All in all ,the limited capacity made the system impractical.In VB6.0 MSChart controls is one function formidable high-level graph tool, has the rich graph plan function, may demonstrate two-dimensional and the three dimensional good chart, the linear chart, the cake chart and so on the many kinds of commonly used graph. Recently I in order to in double struck the graph when some region will the database content which corresponded with this region controlled on in DataGrid demonstrates, encountered many difficulties, finally used one to solve the problem from definition variable SelectSeries, concrete method as follows:Supposes the database name is " the student information ", has one Access table " the student result ", its content is one class student's test result, includes the student number, the name, the result 3 fields, the result field form is the character, the value is " is superior ", " is good ", " center ", " the difference " center one.Window Form1 includes one MSChart controls MC$score, the type for the two-dimensional cake chart, uses in to demonstrate each kind of result the student counts; One ADO controls AdScore uses in to connect the database; One DataGrid controls DgScore uses in by the form form demonstration database content.The work process is: Double strikes the cake chart some region, then DgScore demonstrates the corresponding result the student name list.Code as follows:Option ExplicitDim SelectedSeries as Integer ' from definition variable Dim Rs () as String ' withdraws the character string array which the record compendium uses Private Sub Form_Load ()' Establishes DataGrid controls the data pool DgScore.DataSource= " AdScore "' Establishes ADO controls the connection character string and the initial record source, namely demonstration content AdScore.ConnectString= " Provider=Microsoftc.oledb.3.51; Persist_Security Info=False; Data Source= student information "AdScore.RecordSource= " selet * from student result order by result "AdScore.Refresh' Supposes in advance withdraws the SQL sentence which the recording uses Rs (1) = " select * from the student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " is superior " + _Chr (34) + " order the by result "Rs (2) = " select * from the student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " is good " + _Chr (34) + " order the by result "Rs (3) = " select * from student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " center " + _Chr (34) + " order by result "Rs (4) = " select * from student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " difference " _Chr (34) + " order by result "End SubPrivate Sub MC$score_SeriesSelected (Series as Integer, MouseFlags as _Integer, Cancel as Integer)SelectedSeries=SeriesEnd SubPrivate Sub MC$score_PointSelected (Series as Integer, DataPoint as_Integer, MouseFlags asInteger, Cancel as Integer)SelectedSeries=SeriesEnd SubPrivate Sub MC$score_Db1Click ()' Changes ADO controls the record source and renovates Adoc1.RecordSource=Rs (SeletedSeries)Adoc1.RefreshEnd Sub---- VB does for the rapid application development (RAD) the tool more and more obtains the development personnel's approval and accepts. It to many API (for example ODBC API, SOCKET API and so on) the seal causes the programming to change is simple. At the same time, it supports under the integrated development environment visible, the event actuates, to be object-oriented and so on the programming characteristic. Under, we chat in VB transfer the memory process the realization method and its the matters needing attention.---- We know, the VB database programming has permits the many kinds of method, for instance straight takes over the use of ODBC the API programming, this method is flexible, is highly effective, the programmer may realize to the database complex control; Also may use in VB the data object, like RDO (long-distance data object), DAO (data visit object), ADO (ActiveX data object), this method realizes conveniently, quickly, but flexible worse somewhat. As a result of memory process in realization data merit and so on seal, hideaway as well as code pre- translation, reduced network load, maintenance convenience, therefore does by many RDBMS and the programming tool the support. In VB each 类数 also provides to saves the process according to the object the support.---- We as regularly explain its realization take ADO the step ---- 1. Foundation, debugging memory process. You may also be allowed to hang the procedure in the database outside other under the support carry on the memory process the foundation and the debugging work. In this example memory process code is as follows (uses in PUBS MS SQL the example storehouse):CREATE PROCEDURE myprocedure@job_id smallint,@job_lvl tinyintASSELECT *FROM employeeWHERE job_id < @job_idAND job_lvl > @job_lvl---- 2. Produces one new project in VB, the project has one window, one COMMAND (NAME: COMMAND1) button, one MSFlexGrid (NAME: MSFlexGrid1) controls.---- 3. The foundation connects ADO connection;---- 4. The foundation orders ADO command;---- 5. The foundation parameter and establishes each parameter the attribute;---- 6. Carries out ADO command;---- 7. The logarithm according to carries on processing; MSFlexGrid demonstrates inquires data ---- 8. The release connects, withdrawal procedure.---- Code as follows:States below the variable in the window:Dim cnn1 As ADODB.Connection ' connects Dim mycommand As ADODB.Command ' orders Dim parm_jobid As ADODB.Parameter ' parameter 1Dim parm_joblvl As ADODB.Parameter ' parameter 2Dim rstByQuery As ADODB.Recordset ' result collection Dim strCnn As String ' connection character string Joins the following code in the window LOAD event:Set cnn1 = New ADODB.Connection' Produces one connects strCnn = \ " DSN=MYDSN; uid=sa; pwd=\ "' Foundation system data pool MYDSN aims at the PUBS database cnn1.Open strCnn ' opens connects Joins the code as follows in window UNLOAD:cnn1.Close ' the closure connects Set cnn1 = Nothing ' the release connects In button code as follows:Dim i As integerDim j as integerSet parm_jobid = New ADODB.ParameterSet mycommand = New ADODB.Command\' parm_jobid.Name = \ " name1\ "this line can be ommitedparm_jobid.Type = adInteger '

编程工具的角色跟计算机硬件一起在过去45年中已经逐步形成。 编程语言今天,例如Visual Basic,从仅仅几年以前的编程语言非常不同。 与几年以前有货相比,Windows操作系统的视觉性质需要更先进的工具。 在有窗的环境之前,编程语言是你写计划用的一件简单的基于文本的工具。 今天你需要非常不仅仅是的一种语言; 你需要一种图表的开发工具, 能在窗口系统里面工作并且创建利用全部图解,多媒体的应用,在线,以及Windows 提供的multiprocessed 活动。 Visual Basic是这样的一件工具。 更多比语言, Visual.basic 让您引起与每个今天窗口操作系统相处融洽的方面的应用。 Visual.basic 5 进来三个味道: 标准版, 专业编辑, 并且企业版。 虽然这本书主要应付专业编辑, 标准版称学习的编辑和提供最少昂贵的方法对使用Visual.basic 。标准版给您完全开发环境, 编程语言, 并且许多同样用工具加工另一编辑提议。 如果您使用标准版, 您有一个强有力的程序设计工具。 某些人民显现出只以标准版和从未需要别的。虽然这条路线瞄准专业编辑为击中共同基础, 您能实际上运用整个24 小时路线如果您使用标准版; 您将发现另外的工具在这条路线甚而不得到的标准版。

毕业论文外文翻译翻译书

这个是可以的,百度文库有现成的,这个也是允许的这只是学习的材料。先到百度文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英 文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文 献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。 第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。一,选题要新颖。这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。二,大量文献做基础仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗三,一气呵成做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。四,尽量采用多的专业术语可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。五,用正规格式书写参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。七,成稿打印好交给导师无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。八,听取导师意见,仔细修改导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。

外文翻译是你上网上查询一篇文章,和你的设计题目相似的英文文章,然后自己翻译过来,这就是外文翻译,篇幅必须长一点,因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。 文献综述一般就是把你所用到的资料都一一介绍一下,不要很具体,因为论文是文献综述的具体介绍,文献综述中还包括一些与设计题目有关的现实描述。

自然和科学两个免费的文学呢! !您的图书馆也可能是多啊,还有,你应该有一个专业的外国文学! ! 一些外文网站,但我一直没能降低我的老师说要免费的! ! MPMI,植物病理学,植物病害,PNAS,科学1,细胞的公共图书馆,

去中国知网看看

财系统的设计与实现的外文翻译和文献综 肯定知道

翻译 :老师出的? 很难的。要知道要写翻译程式,必须写一下几个子程式: 词法分析->语法分析->语言优化. 你必须深入理解 汉语和 英语的语法. 根本不用去做,应为这是专业人员写的

文献综述就是用资料,只不多有一个比较固定的格式。 主要是,关于你的论文主题,国内外学者提出多点看法和主张。某某学者在某某文章中,就你的论文主题,提出看法认为如何如何 都是这样的语句,写出来就ok了。需要大概七八篇文章的论述,最好是高阶的人物写的文章,发表在高阶期刊上的。 知网搜寻文章,搜出来的文章,看看摘要就能写进综述里了,不用下载,中国知网,自己搜寻 合适采纳啊 外文翻译,如果学校图书馆上网有购买国外资料库,例如springerlink或者sci的,可以资料库找 如果没在学校可以谷歌学术搜寻相关英文关键词

涉及论文上的翻译可以在相应的翻译机构中完成即可。例如翻译达人,也是不错的选择,涉及的业务广而语种多,适合每种需求的客户

既然叫做外文文献综述,那就是根据相关课题的研究进展的相关文献(包括中文,英文)进行英文书写综述,若果只是要求中文文献综述,那也可以找一篇相关外文综述进行翻译。 望采纳,谢谢楼主

推荐你到 三七毕业设计网看看 真的不错~他们那里有专门的文献综述专区,参考一下肯定能搞定

不管是什么论文,只要是引用了某些书籍刊物的文字图片等内容,都要注明出处。所以,不但要有书名,同时也要注明章节。

毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,尤其是研究生同学,一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献,这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。

如何写开题报告,如何写文献综述,如何阅读外文文献,可以说,阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。

要求如下:

1、前言

简要说明写作的目的,有关的概念以及综述范围,说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点,所要解决的问题等。一般以 100~200 字为宜,使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。

2、主体

主体部分是全文的主要部分,具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少,将主体部分分为几段,每段有小标题。

可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述,不管用那一种格式综述,都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较,阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述。

主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。

主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点,即论点;接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实,即论据,可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。

总之,综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路,继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以,综述也是一种论证文章的体裁,只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。

如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确,则需作者整理概括,成为开头。在论述某些观点时,作者可有倾向性,但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。

3、总结

常见的方式有:

①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容;

②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望;

③某些篇幅较小的综述,也可以省略结束语。

4、参考文献

通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处,以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主;另外,未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。

在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献,一般限为 20~30 条为宜;但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章,其参考文献甚多,全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一,应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。

扩展资料:

1、如何查询国内专利文献

可通过中国国家知识产权局()和中国专利信息中心()网站上的「专利检索」。

可以免费检索全部中国专利信息(有文摘)。如需获取专利全文,则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅,也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。

2、如何查询国外专利文献

科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引),它是检索专利的权威数据库,收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利,1800 万项专利,该库大部分有文摘,小部分有全文。

3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库

欧洲专利局专利数据库:

http://ep.espacenet.com/ (免费 文摘)

美国专利商标局专利数据库:

(免费 文摘、全文)

WTO知识产权组织:

(免费 文摘)

IBM专利数据库资源:

(免费 文摘、部分全文)

更多请参见中国专利信息网上的(国外)专利网站:

毕业论文外文翻译图片翻译

毕业论文外文翻译:将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求:

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的,并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件,即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字,如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本,这个中文版本就称为译文 。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。

7、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

需要。

论文题目由教师或学生指定,并由教师同意决定。两者都应该是该学科的发展或实践中提出的理论和实践问题。

学生应该被选中进行科学研究课题,审查,复习文献,制定研究计划,设计科学实验或社会调查,处理数据或整理调查结果,分析,证明和得出结论。撰写论文和其他项目的初步培训。

撰写毕业论文是检验学生在校学习成果的重要措施,也是提高教学质量的重要环节。大学生在毕业前都必须完成毕业论文的撰写任务。申请学位必须提交相应的学位论文,经答辩通过后,方可取得学位。

毕业论文是结束大学学习生活走向社会的一个中介和桥梁。毕业论文是大学生才华的第一次显露,是向祖国和人民所交的一份有分量的答卷,是投身社会主义现代化建设事业的报到书。

一篇毕业论文虽然不能全面地反映出一个人的才华,也不一定能对社会直接带来巨大的效益,对专业产生开拓性的影响。但是,实践证明,撰写毕业论文是提高教学质量的重要环节,是保证出好人才的重要措施。

参考资料来源:百度百科-毕业论文

在毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,尤其是研究生同学,一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献,这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。

如何写开题报告,如何写文献综述,如何阅读外文文献,可以说,阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。

要求如下:

1、前言

简要说明写作的目的,有关的概念以及综述范围,说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点,所要解决的问题等。一般以 100~200 字为宜,使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。

2、主体

主体部分是全文的主要部分,具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少,将主体部分分为几段,每段有小标题。

可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述,不管用那一种格式综述,都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较,阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述。

主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。

主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点,即论点;接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实,即论据,可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。

总之,综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路,继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以,综述也是一种论证文章的体裁,只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。

如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确,则需作者整理概括,成为开头。在论述某些观点时,作者可有倾向性,但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。

3、总结

常见的方式有:

①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容;

②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望;

③某些篇幅较小的综述,也可以省略结束语。

4、参考文献

通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处,以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主;另外,未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。

在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献,一般限为 20~30 条为宜;但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章,其参考文献甚多,全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一,应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。

扩展资料:

1、如何查询国内专利文献

可通过中国国家知识产权局()和中国专利信息中心()网站上的「专利检索」。

可以免费检索全部中国专利信息(有文摘)。如需获取专利全文,则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅,也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。

2、如何查询国外专利文献

科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引),它是检索专利的权威数据库,收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利,1800 万项专利,该库大部分有文摘,小部分有全文。

3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库

欧洲专利局专利数据库:

http://ep.espacenet.com/ (免费 文摘)

美国专利商标局专利数据库:

(免费 文摘、全文)

WTO知识产权组织:

(免费 文摘)

IBM专利数据库资源:

(免费 文摘、部分全文)

更多请参见中国专利信息网上的(国外)专利网站:

毕业论文的外文翻译怎么翻译

外文翻译在经过学术翻译后,会再进一步进行英文润色,使您的稿件达到国际发表标准,清北医学翻译很擅长这方面。

毕业论文用英语的翻译:毕业 论文 迅捷在线翻译:Graduation (毕业) thesis(论文)参考一下

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis,音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs]   美 [ˈθisɪs]  。

n.论文,毕业论文;论点,论题;命题

1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?

这个命题经得起推敲吗?

3、He has finished his thesis.

他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis.

她那篇论文写出来了。

5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.

请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.

文章论点、论据鲜明,但缺乏论证。

CS方向sci三区的一个小刊,之前也是major revision,大四毕业了才中了。。所以在我心目中MV几乎约等于AC,虽然这辈子只投过一篇文章。北京译顶科技做的不错,可以联系他们一下 统一查下。

翻译专业毕业论文外文翻译查重

把中文论文翻译成英文会被查重的。

现在知网已经重新更新升级了,类似图片、翻译等都能被被查重,以前的大学生因为在写作能力欠缺,就会从知网上下载一些中文文章,然后用百度翻译或者有道翻译把文章从中文改成中文,或者找英语外国语专业的学生代为翻译,也可以请代写或者在淘宝上去买文章,避免查重。

以前确实查不出来,时代在进步,工具也在更新,所以不是原创的文章都有可能被查重。

文科类文章,可以用相近、类似的词语代替原有的意思,同时也可以将自己的观点,思想上完善、修改,但是整体的结构、脉络上还是有所相似,被查重的几率还是存在。

理科类的文章就比较困难,因为理工科的数据是通过实验分析、定量检测、模具分析等实验的结果来进行填补的,数据是不会人的,所以数值是不变的,翻译成英文,主心词汇还是那些,不过就是换了英文罢了,依旧会有被查重的可能。

论文的格式:

题目:应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字。

摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字。

关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。

目录:写出目录,标明页码。

正文:论文正文字数一般应在1000字以上。主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。

以上内容参考:AEIC-论文的格式

不查重,毕业除了论文,其他都不查。

不可以。毕业设计翻译的外文文献也是会进行查重的,如果重复率过高,也是会不通过的。毕业设计(graduation project)是指工、农、林科高等学校和中等专业学校学生毕业前夕总结性的独立作业。是实践性教学最后一个环节。旨在培养学生综合运用所学理论、知识和技能解决实际问题的能力。在教师指导下,学生就选定的课题进行工程设计和研究,包括设计、计算、绘图、工艺技术、经济论证以及合理化建议等,最后提交一份报告。应尽量选与生产、科学研究任务结合的现实题目,亦可做假拟的题目。学生只有在完成教学计划所规定的理论课程、课程设计与实习,经考试、考查及格后始可进行。是评定毕业成绩的重要依据,学生通过毕业设计答辩,成绩评定及格才能毕业。

不一定,如今大家最常用的是知网,大学本科论文研究生论文和期刊论文均有相应的论文检测系统,知网收录的数据库十分庞大,已支持主流中英文及小语种的检测,突破了语言障碍。如果在正文中翻译或引用了外国文献,知网是会对其进行检测的。

知网检测报告中有一个“跨语言检测”,如果你把一篇外文文献完全翻译过来放进自己的论文里,知网也能检测到,所以可以借鉴但不要直接抄袭

如今大家最常用的是知网。大学本科论文、研究生论文和期刊论文均有相应的论文检测系统,知网收录的数据库十分庞大,已支持主流中英文及小语种的检测,突破了语言障碍。如果在正文中翻译或引用了外国文献,知网是会对其进行检测的。

哪怕找中文论文,也不要随便看个合适的文章就写,国内学术体系的风格是天下文章一大抄,不太在乎出处和查重,但是海外的学术体系可不惯你这毛病。

论文讲究原创性,不建议直接翻译他人成果的行为,英文论文固然难写,自己写成中文,翻译自己的文章,比翻译他人的成果要安全太多。

英文论文的重复类型

英文论文重复按照重复级别高低排序,主要包括想法重复、翻译式重复、改写式重复、伪装式重复和复制粘贴重复几种:

  • 索引序列
  • vb毕业论文外文翻译
  • 毕业论文外文翻译翻译书
  • 毕业论文外文翻译图片翻译
  • 毕业论文的外文翻译怎么翻译
  • 翻译专业毕业论文外文翻译查重
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