resource planning (ERP) systems attempt to integrate several data sources and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules.The two key components of an ERP system are a common database and a modular software design. A common database is the system that allows every department of a company to store and retrieve information in real-time. Using a common database allows information to be more reliable, accessible, and easily shared. Furthermore, a modular software design is a variety of programs that can be added on an individual basis to improve the efficiency of the business. This improves the business by adding functionality, mixing and matching programs from different vendors, and allowing the company to choose which modules to implement. These modular software designs link into the common database, so that all of the information between the departments is accessible in real time.OverviewSome organizations — typically those with sufficient in-house IT skills to integrate multiple software products — choose to implement only portions of an ERP system and develop an external interface to other ERP or stand-alone systems for their other application needs. For example, one may choose to use human resource management system from one vendor, and the financial systems from another, and perform the integration between the systems themselves.This is very common in the retail sector[citation needed], where even a mid-sized retailer will have a discrete Point-of-Sale (POS) product and financials application, then a series of specialized applications to handle business requirements such as warehouse management, staff rostering, merchandising and logistics.Ideally, ERP delivers a single database that contains all data for the software modules, which would include:Manufacturing Engineering, Bills of Material, Scheduling, Capacity, Workflow Management, Quality Control, Cost Management, Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Projects, Manufacturing Flow Supply Chain Management Inventory, Order Entry, Purchasing, Product Configurator, Supply Chain Planning, Supplier Scheduling, Inspection of goods, Claim Processing, Commission Calculation Financials General Ledger, Cash Management, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Fixed Assets Projects Costing, Billing, Time and Expense, Activity Management Human Resources Human Resources, Payroll, Training, Time & Attendance, Rostering, Benefits Customer Relationship Management Sales and Marketing, Commissions, Service, Customer Contact and Call Center support Data Warehouse and various Self-Service interfaces for Customers, Suppliers, and Employees Enterprise Resource Planning is a term originally derived from manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) that followed material requirements planning (MRP).[2] MRP evolved into ERP when "routings" became a major part of the software architecture and a company's capacity planning activity also became a part of the standard software activity.[citation needed] ERP systems typically handle the manufacturing, logistics, distribution, inventory, shipping, invoicing, and accounting for a company. Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP software can aid in the control of many business activities, like sales, marketing, delivery, billing, production, inventory management, quality management, and human resource management.ERP systems saw a large boost in sales in the 1990s as companies faced the Y2K problem in their legacy systems. Many companies took this opportunity to replace their legacy information systems with ERP systems. This rapid growth in sales was followed by a slump in 1999, at which time most companies had already implemented their Y2K solution.[3]ERPs are often incorrectly called back office systems indicating that customers and the general public are not directly involved. This is contrasted with front office systems like customer relationship management (CRM) systems that deal directly with the customers, or the eBusiness systems such as eCommerce, eGovernment, eTelecom, and eFinance, or supplier relationship management (SRM) systems.ERPs are cross-functional and enterprise wide. All functional departments that are involved in operations or production are integrated in one system. In addition to manufacturing, warehousing, logistics, and information technology, this would include accounting, human resources, marketing, and strategic management.ERP II means open ERP architecture of components. The older, monolithic ERP systems became component oriented.[citation needed]EAS — Enterprise Application Suite is a new name for formerly developed ERP systems which include (almost) all segments of business, using ordinary Internet browsers as thin clients.[citation needed][edit] BeforePrior to the concept of ERP systems, it was not unusual for each department within an organization to have its own customized computer system. For example, the human resources (HR) department, the payroll department, and the financial department might all have their own computer systems.Typical difficulties involved integration of data from potentially different computer manufacturers and systems. For example, the HR computer system (often called HRMS or HRIS) would typically manage employee information while the payroll department would typically calculate and store paycheck information for each employee, and the financial department would typically store financial transactions for the organization. Each system would have to integrate using a predefined set of common data which would be transferred between each computer system. Any deviation from the data format or the integration schedule often resulted in problems.[edit] AfterERP software, among other things, combined the data of formerly separate applications. This simplified keeping data in synchronization across the enterprise, it simplified the computer infrastructure within a large organization, and it standardized and reduced the number of software specialties required within larger organizations.Best PracticesBest Practices were also a benefit of implementing an ERP system. When implementing an ERP system, organizations essentially had to choose between customizing the software or modifying their business processes to the "Best Practice" function delivered in the vanilla version of the software.Typically, the delivery of best practice applies more usefully to large organizations and especially where there is a compliance requirement such as IFRS, Sarbanes-Oxley or Basel II, or where the process is a commodity such as electronic funds transfer. This is because the procedure of capturing and reporting legislative or commodity content can be readily codified within the ERP software, and then replicated with confidence across multiple businesses who have the same business requirement.Where such a compliance or commodity requirement does not underpin the business process, it can be argued that determining and applying a Best Practice actually erodes competitive advantage by homogenizing the business as compared to everyone else in the industry sector.[edit] ImplementationBecause of their wide scope of application within a business, ERP software systems are typically complex and usually impose significant changes on staff work practices.[citation needed] Implementing ERP software is typically not an "in-house" skill, so even smaller projects are more cost effective if specialist ERP implementation consultants are employed.[citation needed] The length of time to implement an ERP system depends on the size of the business, the scope of the change and willingness of the customer to take ownership for the project.[citation needed] A small project (e.g., a company of less than 100 staff) may be planned and delivered within 3-9 months; however, a large, multi-site or multi-country implementation may take years.[citation needed]To implement ERP systems, companies often seek the help of an ERP vendor or of third-party consulting companies. These firms typically provide three areas of professional services: consulting, customization and support.Data migration is one of the most important activities in determining the success of an ERP implementation. Since many decisions must be made before migration, a significant amount of planning must occur. Unfortunately, data migration is the last activity before the production phase of an ERP implementation, and therefore receives minimal attention due to time constraints. The following are steps of a data migration strategy that can help with the success of an ERP implementation: [4]Identifying the data to be migrated Determining the timing of data migration Generating the data templates Freezing the tools for data migration Deciding on migration related setups Deciding on data archiving [edit] Process preparationERP vendors have designed their systems around standard business processes, based upon best business practices. Different vendor(s) have different types of processes but they are all of a standard, modular nature. Firms that want to implement ERP systems are consequently forced to adapt their organizations to standardized processes as opposed to adapting the ERP package to the existing processes.[5] Neglecting to map current business processes prior to starting ERP implementation is a main reason for failure of ERP projects.[6] It is therefore crucial that organizations perform a thorough business process analysis before selecting an ERP vendor and setting off on the implementation track. This analysis should map out all present operational processes, enabling selection of an ERP vendor whose standard modules are most closely aligned with the established organization. Redesign can then be implemented to achieve further process congruence. Research indicates that the risk of business process mismatch is decreased by:linking each current organizational process to the organization's strategy; analyzing the effectiveness of each process in light of its current related business capability; understanding the automated solutions currently implemented.[7] [8] A disadvantage usually attributed to ERP is that business process redesign to fit the standardized ERP modules can lead to a loss of competitive advantage. While documented cases exist where this has indeed materialized, other cases show that following thorough process preparation ERP systems can actually increase sustainable competitive advantage.[9][10][edit] ConfigurationConfiguring an ERP system is largely a matter of balancing the way you want the system to work with the way the system lets you work. Begin by deciding which modules to install, then adjust the system using configuration tables to achieve the best possible fit in working with your company’s processes.Modules - Most systems are modular simply for the flexibility of implementing some functions but not others. Some common modules, such as finance and accounting are adopted by nearly all companies implementing enterprise systems; others however such as human resource management are not needed by some companies and therefore not adopted. A service company for example will not likely need a module for manufacturing. Other times companies will not adopt a module because they already have their own proprietary system they believe to be superior. Generally speaking the greater number of modules selected, the greater the integration benefits, but also the increase in costs, risks and changes involved.Configuration Tables – A configuration table enables a company to tailor a particular aspect of the system to the way it chooses to do business. For example, an organization can select the type of inventory accounting – FIFO or LIFO – it will employ or whether it wants to recognize revenue by geographical unit, product line, or distribution channel.So what happens when the options the system allows just aren’t good enough? At this point a company has two choices, both of which are not ideal. It can re-write some of the enterprise system’s code, or it can continue to use an existing system and build interfaces between it and the new enterprise system. Both options will add time and cost to the implementation process. Additionally they can dilute the system’s integration benefits. The more customized the system becomes the less possible seamless communication becomes between suppliers and customers.[edit] Consulting ServicesMany organizations did not have sufficient internal skills to implement an ERP project. This resulted in many organizations offering consulting services for ERP implementation. Typically, a consulting team was responsible for the entire ERP implementation including planning, training, testing, implementation, and delivery of any customized modules. Examples of customization includes additional product training; creation of process triggers and workflow; specialist advice to improve how the ERP is used in the business; system optimization; and assistance writing reports, complex data extracts or implementing Business Intelligence.For most mid-sized companies, the cost of the implementation will range from around the list price of the ERP user licenses to up to twice this amount (depending on the level of customization required). Large companies, and especially those with multiple sites or countries, will often spend considerably more on the implementation than the cost of the user licenses -- three to five times more is not uncommon for a multi-site implementation.[citation needed][edit] Customization ServicesCustomization Services involves any modifications or extensions that change how the out-of-the-box ERP system works.Customizing an ERP package can be very expensive and complicated. Some ERP packages are not designed to support customization, so most businesses implement the best practices embedded in the acquired ERP system. Some ERP packages have very generic features, such that customization occurs in most implementations. It is also often possible to extend the standard ERP package by purchasing third party software to provide additional functionality.Customization work is usually undertaken as bespoke software development on a time and materials basis.Customization can be further classified into: Core system customization or custom extensions in custom librariesCore system customization is where customers change the software vendors’ proprietary code. This means that the software will no longer be supported by the vendor for the particular function that was customized as the code would be modified to the customers need. The customers IT department will then normally support the code in-house or subcontract a consulting organization to do so.Custom extensions are where a customer build bolt on custom applications that run parallel to the standard system i.e. custom extended applications. Modules that are extended but core code not changed remain supported but the extensions will have to be supported by the customers IT department or subcontracted consulting organization[edit] Maintenance and Support ServicesMaintenance and Support Services involves monitoring and managing an Operational ERP system. This function is often provided in-house using members of the IT department, but may also be provided by specialist external consulting and services companies.[edit] AdvantagesIn the absence of an ERP system, a large manufacturer may find itself with many software applications that do not talk to each other and do not effectively interface. Tasks that need to interface with one another may involve:design engineering (how to best make the product) order tracking from acceptance through fulfillment the revenue cycle from invoice through cash receipt managing interdependencies of complex Bill of Materials tracking the 3-way match between Purchase orders (what was ordered), Inventory receipts (what arrived), and Costing (what the vendor invoiced) the Accounting for all of these tasks, tracking the Revenue, Cost and Profit on a granular level. Change how a product is made, in the engineering details, and that is how it will now be made. Effective dates can be used to control when the switch over will occur from an old version to the next one, both the date that some ingredients go into effect, and date that some are discontinued. Part of the change can include labeling to identify version numbers.Some security features are included within an ERP system to protect against both outsider crime, such as industrial espionage, and insider crime, such as embezzlement. A data tampering scenario might involve a disgruntled employee intentionally modifying prices to below the breakeven point in order to attempt to take down the company, or other sabotage. ERP systems typically provide functionality for implementing internal controls to prevent actions of this kind. ERP vendors are also moving toward better integration with other kinds of information security tools.[11]DisadvantagesProblems with ERP systems are mainly due to inadequate investment in ongoing training for involved personnel, including those implementing and testing changes, as well as a lack of corporate policy protecting the integrity of the data in the ERP systems and how it is used.DisadvantagesCustomization of the ERP software is limited. Re-engineering of business processes to fit the "industry standard" prescribed by the ERP system may lead to a loss of competitive advantage. ERP systems can be very expensive leading to a new category of "ERP light" solutions ERPs are often seen as too rigid and too difficult to adapt to the specific workflow and business process of some companies—this is cited as one of the main causes of their failure. Many of the integrated links need high accuracy in other applications to work effectively. A company can achieve minimum standards, then over time "dirty data" will reduce the reliability of some applications. Once a system is established, switching costs are very high for any one of the partners (reducing flexibility and strategic control at the corporate level). The blurring of company boundaries can cause problems in accountability, lines of responsibility, and employee morale. Resistance in sharing sensitive internal information between departments can reduce the effectiveness of the software. Some large organizations may have multiple departments with separate, independent resources, missions, chains-of-command, etc, and consolidation into a single enterprise may yield limited benefits. The system may be too complex measured against the actual needs of the customer.
诚如一楼所言，这个给1000分都不嫌多，搜索的工作量就吓死人，呵呵！一样提供几个供LZ参考一下！ERP：（汽车领域指导网官网的文章）ASP：（这个比较详尽，是自由百科全书网）SQL Server:（一个程序网，好像是一个编程达人写的一些DIY的SQL的心得，应该对你论文有帮助）不找了不找了，很辛苦！
可以到我的百度博客看看，有一些数据库帐号。也推荐了一些论坛，可以去求助。
估计你得给1000分了,这个太麻烦了.
论文参考文献如下：
1、百度学术
百度学术是一个较大的文献知识库，包含好几个中英文数据库，因而内容会比较宽泛。知网中的文献也会收录在百度学术中，其他包含的数据库还有万方。
维普及其一些英文数据库，英文数据库会在下面单独介绍。进入百度搜索百度学术，输入需要的关键词、作者或期刊名称都可以得到你想要的内容。
2. Wiley Online library
这个文献数据库百度学术中也包含，只是我们常常用百度学术习惯去搜中文文献，因此把它们单独拿出来讲。搜索方法也是进入百度，输入WileyOnlinelibrary就进入下面这个界面，把你想要搜索的关键翻译成英文复制进去就可以了。
3、 Springer
这个数据库和 WileyOnlinelibrary类似，也是英文文献查阅里常用的数据库
WileyOnlinelibrary和 Springer的特点就是能够下载的文献相对较多。
4、 ScienceDirect
这个数据库简称就是Sci了，虽然百度学术里也有它的数据库，但是它也有自己的官网，搜索方法与上面相同，它里面的内容质量相对好一些，但是下载需要方法，我们下载的方法是使用sci-hub，这个可以帮助你在没有下载权限的情况下下载文章。
5、rsc
这个期刊也是化学期刊中相当不错的，虽然比不上ACS，但是能在这上面发一篇文章已经很好了。
只有四大数据库吧知网、万方、维普、龙源
国内五大论文数据库如下：
一、中国知网提供的《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》
也称中国期刊全文数据库由清华同方股份有限公司出版。
收录1994年以来国内6 600种期刊，包括了学术期刊于非学术期刊，涵盖理工、农业、医药卫生、文史哲、政治军事与法律、教育与社会科学综合、电子技术与信息科学、经济与管理。
收录的学术期刊同时作为“中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊”。
但是收录的期刊不很全面，一些重要期刊未能收录。
二、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBMDISC)
数据库是中国医学科学院信息研究所开发研制，收录了自1978年以来1 600余种中国生物医学期刊。
范围涉及基础医学、临床医学、预防医学、药学、中医学及中药学等生物医学的各个领域。
三、中文生物医学期刊数据库（CMCC)
由中国人民解放军医学图书馆数据库研究部研制开发。
收录了1994年以来国内正式出版发行的生物医学期刊和一些自办发行的生物医学刊物1 000余种的文献题录和文摘。
涉及的主要学科领域有：基础医学、临床医学、预防医学、药学、医学生物学、中医学、中药学、医院管理及医学信息等生物医学的各个领域。
并具有成果查新功能医学全在线
四、万方数据资源系统（China Info)
由中国科技信息研究所，万方数据股份有限公司研制。
该数据库收录的期刊学科范围广，包括了学术期刊于非学术期刊，提供约2 000种的电子期刊的全文检索。
被收录的学术期刊都获得了“中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库来源期刊”的收录证书。
个别期刊甚至将“遴选”改成“精选”，或者干脆去掉。
很多作者因此误以为这就是核心期刊。
五、维普数据库
也称中文科技期刊数据库，维普科技期刊数据库，由中国科学技术信息研究所重庆分所出版。
收录了1989年以来我国自然科学、工程技术、农业科学、医药卫生、经济管理、教育科学和图书情报等学科9 000余种期刊，包括了学术与非学术期刊。
收录期刊数量很大，但不足之处是部分国家新闻出版总署公布的非法期刊也被收录了。
一般的，学术期刊都能进入至少1个国内期刊数据库。
期刊据数据库不是期刊的评价体系，对科研处的期刊性质评价也就缺乏足够的意义，故不宜作为期刊性质评价的依据。
另外还有：
1、万方数据
万方数据提供中国大陆科技期刊检索，是万方数据股份有限公司建立的专业学术知识服务网站。
隶属于万方数据资源系统，对外服务数据由万方数据资源系统统一部署提供。
2、全国报刊索引
收录全国包括港台地区的期刊8000种左右，月报道量在1.8万条以上，年报道量在44万条左右，书本式用户有3500多家，现又出版光盘数据库。
反映了中国政治、经济、军事、科学、文化、文学艺术、历史地理、科技等方面的发展情况，提供了国内外最新学术进展信息。
该索引是我国收录报刊种类最多，内容涉及范围最广，持续出版时间最长，与新文献保持同步发展的权威性检索刊物，也是查找建国以来报刊论文资料最重要的检索工具。
正文采用分类编排，先后采用过《中国人民大学图书分类法》和自编的《报刊资料分类表》，1980年起，仿《中国图书馆图书分类法》分21类编排，1992年全面改用《中国图书资料分类法》（第三版）编排，2000年开始用《中国图书馆分类法》（第四版）标引，计算机编排。
在著录上，《全国报刊索引》从1991年起采用国家标准——《检索期刊条目著录规则》进行著录，包括题名、著译者姓名、报刊名、版本、卷期标识、起止页码、附注等项。
同时，“哲社版”采用电脑编排，增加了“著者索引”、“题中人名分析索引”、“引用报刊一览表”，方便了读者的使用。
3、超星数字图书馆
为目前世界最大的中文在线数字图书馆，提供大量的电子图书资源提供阅读，其中包括文学、经济、计算机等五十余大类，数十万册电子图书，300万篇论文，全文总量4亿余页，数据总量30000GB，大量免费电子图书，并且每天仍在不断的增加与更新。
覆盖范围：涉及哲学、宗教、社科总论、经典理论、民族学、经济学、自然科学总论、计算机等各个学科门类。
本馆已订购67万余册。
收录年限：1977年至今。
4、维普资讯
维普资讯是科学技术部西南信息中心下属的一家大型的专业化数据公司，是中文期刊数据库建设事业的奠基人，公司全称重庆维普资讯有限公司。
目前已经成为中国最大的综合文献数据库。
从1989年开始，一直致力于对海量的报刊数据进行科学严谨的研究、分析，采集、加工等深层次开发和推广应用。
5、中宏数据库
中宏数据库由国家发改委所属的中国宏观经济学会、中宏基金、中国宏观经济信息网、中宏经济研究中心联合研创。
是由18类大库、74类中库组成，涵盖了九十年代以来宏观经济、区域经济、产业经济、金融保险、投资消费、世界经济、政策法规、统计数字、研究报告等方面的详尽内容，是目前国内门类最全，分类最细，容量最大的经济类数据库。
发展现状
在数据库的发展历史上，数据库先后经历了层次数据库、网状数据库和关系数据库等各个阶段的发展，数据库技术在各个方面的快速的发展。特别是关系型数据库已经成为目前数据库产品中最重要的一员，80年代以来，几乎所有的数据库厂商新出的数据库产品都支持关系型数据库，
即使一些非关系数据库产品也几乎都有支持关系数据库的接口。这主要是传统的关系型数据库可以比较好的解决管理和存储关系型数据的问题。随着云计算的发展和大数据时代的到来，关系型数据库越来越无法满足需要，
这主要是由于越来越多的半关系型和非关系型数据需要用数据库进行存储管理，以此同时，分布式技术等新技术的出现也对数据库的技术提出了新的要求，于是越来越多的非关系型数据库就开始出现，这类数据库与传统的关系型数据库在设计和数据结构有了很大的不同，
它们更强调数据库数据的高并发读写和存储大数据，这类数据库一般被称为NoSQL（Not only SQL）数据库。而传统的关系型数据库在一些传统领域依然保持了强大的生命力。
以上内容参考：百度百科——数据库
做科研必备6大文献数据库！
*关于数据库介绍可以点击第一行《做科研必备6大文献数据库！》查看
论文查找文献的途径有：中国知网、百度学术、万方数据库、Pubmed
1、中国知网。输入主题或者关键词进行查询，这也是最常用的一种方式，中国知网也是国内最权威、最常用的一个数据库。
2、百度学术。百度学术上面有很多中文文献，百度学术搜索可检索到收费和免费的学术论文，可以通过时间筛选、标题、关键字、摘要、作者、出版物、文献类型、被引用次数等指标进行精准检索。
3、万方数据库。万方数据库也是国内较大的一个文献数据库，可以输入相应的关键词进行查找。
4、Pubmed网站。Pubmed网站是较全的英文文献数据库，在里面输入文献DOI号，文章题目即可。
以上内容参考：百度百科-百度学术 中国知网
参考文献著录格式1 、期刊作者．题名〔J〕．刊名，出版年，卷(期)∶起止页码2、 专著作者．书名〔M〕．版本．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码3、 论文集作者．题名〔C〕．编者．论文集名，出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码
这些就是文献的参考文献的一部分，事实上是远远不止这一点，引用的部分很多，我们可以寻找百度帮忙。但是参考文献的引用格式是一定要注意的，如果不这么写的话，就会被知网查重算进正文的部分，那么论文的查重率就大大的提升了。
学位论文参考文献格式举例：
〔1〕陈金梅．氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究（D）．西安：西安建筑科学大学，2000 〔 2 〕 Chrisstoffels L A J ． Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry〔D〕．The Netherland：Twente University．1988
参考文献是论文写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，不仅为论文写作提供了方便，同时也丰富了我们论文的内容。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于化学论文参考文献范例的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考! 化学论文参考文献范例(一) [1]管用时.导线内交变电流趋肤效应近似分析[J].邵阳高专学报.1994(03) [2]李海元，栗保明，____，宁广炯，王争论，杨春霞.等离子体点火密闭爆发器中火药燃速特性的研究[J].爆炸与冲击.2004(02) [3]谢玉树，袁亚雄，张小兵.等离子体增强发射药燃烧的实验研究[J].火炸药学报.2001(03) [4]张洪海，张明安，龚海刚，杨国信.结构参数变化对等离子体发生器性能的影响[J].火炮发射与控制学报.2004(03) [5]孟绍良.电热化学炮用脉冲电源及等离子体发生器电特性的研究[D].南京理工大学2006 [6]戴荣，栗保明，张建奇.固体含能工质等离子体单药粒点火特性分析[J].火炸药学报.2001(01) [7]赵科义，李治源，吕庆敖，段晓军，朱建方.电爆炸金属导体在Marx发生器中的应用[J].高电压技术.2003(10) [8]弯港.基于格子Boltzmann 方法 的流动控制机理数值研究[D].南京理工大学2013 [9]李海元.固体发射药燃速的等离子体增强机理及多维多相流数值模拟研究[D].南京理工大学2006 [10]王争论.中心电弧等离子体发生器及其在电热化学炮中的应用研究[D].南京理工大学2006 [11]成剑，栗保明.电爆炸过程导体放电电阻的一种计算模型[J].南京理工大学学报(自然科学版).2003(04) [12]李海元，栗保明，____.膛内等离子体点火及燃烧增强过程数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击.2002(03) [13]龚兴根.电爆炸断路开关[J].强激光与粒子束.2002(04) [14]戴荣，栗保明，宁广炯，董健年.SPETC炮等离子体发生器自由喷射放电特性研究[J].兵工学报.2001(04) [15]刘锡三.高功率脉冲技术的发展及应用研究[J].核物理动态.1995(04) 化学论文参考文献范例(二) [1] 林庆华，栗保明. 等离子体辐射对固体火药燃烧速度影响的研究[J]. 弹道学报. 2005(03) [2] 李倩，徐送宁，宁日波. 用发射光谱法测量电弧等离子体的激发温度[J]. 沈阳理工大学学报. 2011(01) [3] 狄加伟，杨敏涛，张明安，赵斌. 电热化学发射技术在大口径火炮上的应用前景[J]. 火炮发射与控制学报. 2010(02) [4] 杨家志，刘钟阳，牛秦洲，范兴明. 电爆炸过程中金属丝电阻变化规律的仿真分析[J]. 桂林理工大学学报. 2010(02) [5] 郭军，邱爱慈. 熔丝电爆炸过程电气特性的数字仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报. 2006(01) [6] 苏茂根，陈冠英，张树东，薛思敏，李澜. 空气中激光烧蚀Cu产生等离子体发射光谱的研究[J]. 原子与分子物理学报. 2005(03) [7] 李兵，张明安，狄加伟，魏建国，李媛. 电热化学炮内弹道参数敏感性研究[J]. 电气技术. 2010(S1) [8] 赵晓梅，余斌，张玉成，严文荣. ETPE发射药等离子体点火的燃烧特性[J]. 火炸药学报. 2009(05) [9] 杨宇，谢卫平，王敏华，郝世荣，韩文辉，张南川，伍友成. 含电爆炸元件电路的PSpice模拟和实验研究[J]. 高压电器. 2007(06) [10] 郝世荣，谢卫平，丁伯南，王敏华，杨宇，伍友成，张南川，韩文辉. 一种基于电爆炸丝断路开关的多脉冲产生技术[J]. 强激光与粒子束. 2006(08) [11] 伍友成，邓建军，郝世荣，王敏华，韩文辉，杨宇. 电爆炸丝方法产生纳米二氧化钛粉末[J]. 高电压技术. 2006(06) [12] 林庆华，栗保明. 高装填密度钝感发射装药的内弹道遗传算法优化[J]. 弹道学报. 2008(03) [13] 王桂吉，蒋吉昊，邓向阳，谭福利，赵剑衡. 电爆炸驱动小尺寸冲击片实验与数值计算研究[J]. 兵工学报. 2008(06) [14] 林庆华，栗保明. 电热化学炮内弹道过程的势平衡分析[J]. 兵工学报. 2008(04) [15] 蒋吉昊，王桂吉，杨宇. 一种测量金属电爆炸过程中电导率的新方法[J]. 物理学报. 2008(02) 化学论文参考文献范例(三) [1.] 詹晓北, 王卫平, 朱莉. 食用胶的生产、性能与应用[M]. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2003. 20-36. [2.] O'Neill M A, Selvendran R R, Morris V J. Structure of the acidic extracellular gelling polysaccharideproduced by Pseudomonas elodea[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1983, 124(1): 123-133. [3.] Jansson P. E., Lindberg B, Sandford P A. Structural studies of gellan gum, an extracellularpolysaccharide elaborated by Pseudomonas elodea[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1983, 124(1): 135-139. [4.] Morris E R., Nishinari K, Rinaudo M. Gelation of gellan–A review[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2012,28(2): 373-411. [5.] Kuo M S, Mort A J, Dell A. Identification and location of L-glycerate, an unusual acyl substituent ingellan gum[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1986. 156: 173-187. [6.] 张晨, 谈俊, 朱莉, 等. 糖醇对结冷胶凝胶质构的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2014. 35(9): 48-52. [7.] Kang K S, Veeder G T, Mirrasoul P J, et al. Agar-like polysaccharide produced by a Pseudomonasspecies: production and basic properties[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1982. 43(5):1086-1091. [8.] Grasdalen H, Smidsr d O. Gelation of gellan gum[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 1987, 7(5): 371-393. [9.] 詹晓北. 结冷胶[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 1999, 2: 66-69. [10. ]孟岳成, 邱蓉. 高酰基结冷胶 (HA) 特性的研究进展[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2008(5): 45-49. [11. ]Chandrasekaran R, Puigjaner L C, Joyce K L, et al. Cation interactions in gellan: an X-ray study of thepotassium salt[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1988, 181: 23-40. [12.] Arnott S, Scott W E, Rees D A, et al. I-Carrageenan: molecular structure and packing ofpolysaccharide double helices in oriented fibres of divalent cation salts[J]. Journal of MolecularBiology, 1974, 90(2): 253-267. [13. ]Chandrasekaran, R., Radha A, and Thailambal V G. Roles of potassium ions, acetyl and L-glycerylgroups in native gellan double helix: an X-ray study[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1992, 224: 1-17. [14.] Morris E R, Gothard M G E, Hember M W N, et al. Conformational and rheological transitions ofwelan, rhamsan and acylated gellan[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 1996, 30(2): 165-175. [15.] 李海军, 颜震, 朱希强, 等. 结冷胶的研究进展[J]. 食品与药品, 2006, 7(12A): 3-8.猜你喜欢： 1. 化学论文参考范文 2. 化学论文范文 3. 化学毕业论文范例 4. 化学毕业论文范文精选 5. 有关化学论文报告范文
据学术堂了解论文写作时，在最后部分参考文献中，总会有部分同学出现自己手打参考文献或者自己复制文献的情况，这样做不仅效率低，而且会出现参考文献不规范的情况，下面我就说说如何快速，准确的引用参考文献。工具：中国知网步骤：
1、找到自己需要引用的论文
2、选中，点击导出/参考文献
3、直接复制，或者导出
按照这种方法，就是标准的论文参考文献，在论文中直接复制到论文就行。
链接：
30天论文写作发表进阶训练营。完结版，里面包含辅导课、直播课、音频课、视频课、PDF文档。
课程目录：
尔雅老师对四篇论文的解构修改辅导答疑
尔雅老师快速批量修改不同学科论文的教学示范
尔雅老师团队如何在30分钟找到论文选题并写出论文
对一篇弹幕英语教学论文的修改建议
对一篇新闻学本科毕业论文的修改建议
解构描摹一篇好论文的实用技巧
如何通过知网迅速找到200篇优质文献
如何利用知网的可视化计量分析做文献综述
如何批量下载200篇文献
......
参考文献：1 梁思成全集.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，20012 郑曙阳 绿色设计之路——室内设计面向未来的唯一选择 建筑创作 第十期 2002 3 郑曙阳 室内设计资料集 北京：中国建筑工业出版社， 19934 韩冬青 建筑形态建构方式的比较和探索 新建筑 第三期，19945 布正伟 自在生成论 黑龙江科学技术出版社，19996 毛泽东 在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话 人民文学出版社，19677 徐千里 创造与评价的人文尺度北京：中国建筑工业出版社，20008 张世礼 中国现代室内设计研究散记 中国室内 第三期，20019（德）盖罗冯·波姆著 林兵译贝聿铭谈贝聿铭 文汇出版社， 200410 Richard Weston: Modernism, Phaidon Press Limited,London,1996
提供一些室内装饰论文的参考文献，希望对您有所帮助。 [1] 李天鹰. 论新时期的室内装饰设计[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2008,(03) . [2] 胡涓涓,万翠蓉. 色彩在家具与室内装饰设计中的运用[J]. 家具与室内装饰, 2008,(01) . [3] 冯颀军. 浅谈室内装饰设计中的中式元素和传统意境表达[J]. 美术大观, 2007,(12) . [4] 王国胜. 浅析室内设计中的生态设计[J]. 无锡南洋学院学报, 2006,(04) . [5] 董秀梅. 室内装饰设计趋势分析[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2007,(05) . [6] 姜春云,周光标,熊辉. 浅谈室内装饰设计中的风格设计[J]. 有色冶金设计与研究, 2007,(01) . [7] 李远成. 室内装饰设计的理论及实践[J]. 建材与装饰(中旬刊), 2008,(03) . [8] 周卫. 浅析家具与现代室内环境设计的关系[J]. 正德学院学报, 2007,(01) . [9] 刘树老. 住宅户型与室内设计的新发展[J]. 家具, 2006,(01) . [10] Thomas.E.Wartenberg. 《 The nature of art 》 .Beijin Univercity Press, 2002, :8 . [11] Interior Space Of Asia And The Pacific Rim: A Pictorial Review .2003, .
（1）《现代室内设计与务实》 广东科学技术出版社 （2）《室内设计资料集》 中国建筑工业出版社 （3）《公共空间美化与装饰——娱乐、休闲》 江西美术出版社 （4）《休闲娱乐建筑设计》 中国建筑出版社 胡仁禄