翻译论文课题研究的意义

英汉翻译论文的意义就是不仅让中国人能看懂这篇论文，其他国家的人也能看得懂，而且还能锻炼自己的英文水平

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日

[摘要]商标是一种特殊的语言符号，是商品显著特征的浓缩，是商品文化的核心部分，是企业参与国际竞争的有力武器。它既是标识，又是诱饵，最终是要招揽顾客，出售商品。商标翻译符合符号学的翻译观，是由解码到编码的过程，是两种文化的移植。好的商标翻译可以给企业带来巨大的财富；反之，糟糕的商标翻译可以让企业损失惨重，所以企业的生死存亡与商标翻译息息相关。同时商标翻译能够拓宽语言学研究空间，丰富语言学的内涵，促进语言理论研究与实际应用的有机结合。本文收集了一些典型商标，经过系统的分析，借鉴并吸收了一些翻译方法，重新总结归纳了一些商标翻译的策略，还针对不同策略的商标翻译提出了需要注意的事项。[关键词]英文商标 翻译 策略1.前言商标是商品的标志，是商品经济发展的产物，是商品生产者或经营者为使自己生产销售的商品区别于其他商品而使用的一种显著标志。它是商品显著特征的浓缩，是商品文化的核心部分。在国际市场上，商标常被企业家和消费者视为简化了的企业名称。商标一出现就成为企业的象征，是生产者和消费者直接对话的桥梁，是企业参与国际竞争的有力武器。中国的对外开放正在进一步深化，随之而来的国外企业在华的经济活动也在增加。这极大的丰富着中国人民的经济生活，并因此而衍生出了诸多对于国人而言全新的经济及商业活动。大量的国产商品正在出口到世界各地，而国外的商品也已蜂拥至国内市场。合法的商品都有一个自己的商标。因此，随着中外产品的交流，商品商标的翻译问题不可避免地出现了。2.英文商标翻译的策略.音译商标翻译过程中，音译是一种不可忽视的手段，具有极强的普遍性。音译是指在不背离“汉语语言规范和不引起错误联想或误解的条件下，按照原商标名称的发音，找到与之语音相近的汉语字词进行翻译。其优点是简单易行，译文有异国情调，可使产品具有一定吸引力。音译又分为：纯音译、谐音译和省音译。. 纯音译纯音译即根据英文的读音逐字地用相近发音的汉字进行匹配的翻译。主要适用于专有名词，如：人名商标和地名商标。这种翻译法是商标在译为中文时，因无法找到相应的汉语表达而不得不采用的翻译方法。人名商标有些商标是姓氏构成的，如：Hoover(胡佛)真空吸尘器，是源于生产商William Henry Hoover的姓氏；Rael-Brook(雷尔-布鲁克)男装，是源于公司创始人的姓氏。有些商标是人的全名，如：Walt Disney(沃尔特·迪斯尼)制片公司，是根据公司创始人Walt Disney的姓名而定；Pierre Cardin(皮尔·卡丹)时装，是根据该时装的制造者Pierre Cardin的姓名而定；“benz”品牌最早含义是卡尔本茨的姓，根据译音，在中国翻译成“奔驰”。地名商标Santana(桑塔纳)轿车，San Tana原是美国加利福尼亚洲一座山谷的名称；Nokia(诺基亚)手机是根据芬兰北部一座名为Nokia的小镇命名的。谐音译这种译法是以音为引子，经常是在纯音译的基础上改动个别字眼，这些字眼与原商标读音谐音，改动后的音译商标又结合产品特征。例如：为纪念航空公司创始人Willian Edward Boeing 人们以其姓氏确定的商标Boeing，译作“博音”，但作为商标，译者改用谐音“波音”，这就可以使人们对这类超音速飞机产生无尽的遐想。省音译省音译是根据中国人的审美习惯，双音节和三音节的商标更能令人过目不忘，有些英文商标单词较长音节较多，如果逐字翻译，读起来拗口且不便记忆，可采用省音译来简化。意译意译是根据原商标的意思，翻译为意义相同或相近的汉语。意译能较好地体现原商标确立者的初衷和希冀，对一些形象鲜明，寓意优雅，词语华丽的商标可采用意译。意译可分为纯意译、择意译和增减意译。纯意译某些商品的商标本身具有鲜明的意思，并且在中西方文化中都具有优雅美好的含义，这时可以用纯意译。例如：Blue bird(蓝鸟)汽车，就是取自比利时作家Maurice Materlinek于1911年所获诺贝尔文学奖的童话剧《Blue bird》剧中“Blue bird”，象征“未来幸福”，而汉译为“蓝鸟”，因为“蓝”意为“青”，“蓝鸟”即“青鸟”。唐朝李商隐有句诗云：“蓬山此去无多路，青鸟殷勤为探看”，青鸟乃蓬莱仙境的使者，将中西方文化转换，可见译者用心良苦。择意译有些商标如果按照其字面含义进行直译的话，可能无法将商标的内涵完全表达出来，或者有些商标字面含义有好几层，无法用简练的文字把这几层意思都完整地用汉语语言表达出来。这时就必须对商标的意义进行选择，选取其中最佳的，最具代表性的一个意义。例如：Good Company(良友)香烟，Good Company可译为“好朋友”、“好伙伴”、“良友”、“好公司”等，从这些翻译中选择最佳的——“良友”作此商标。增减意译是根据原商标的意思适当增加或减少其原商标所包含的意思，使翻译后的商标更适合消费。例如：Transfer，原语商标意思是“变形”，“变换”，但译者根据中国潜在消费者的心理巧妙添加了“金刚”二字。“金刚”为汉民族文化所特有的，是佛的侍卫的名字。因其手拿金刚杵(一种印度兵器)而得名，在中国人心目中，“金刚”力大无比，武艺超群，勇斗妖魔，百战百胜，是无坚不摧的勇士的化身。“金刚”成了孩子们心中的偶像，也成了家长们教育孩子勇敢坚强的教具之一。因此以“变形金刚”为商标名的玩具深受中国儿童喜爱。音义结合有些商标是由臆造词组成的，文化内涵成分大，就需要用音义结合的翻译方法。音义结合即将“音译”和“意译”结合起来进行翻译。也就是说，将英文商标中一部分或全部灵活选取“音译”或“意译”的适宜方法，并加以结合使之成为适宜的商标。这是较为复杂的翻译方法，除了臆造词外，也适合于某些专有和普通名词。引经据典法有些商标多为专有名词或臆造的词语符号，根据原商标的语音，将中华民族的五千年的积淀溶于翻译中而创造出来的新的商标，这种商标既意义深刻又有中国特色。例如：BMW(宝马)汽车，商标BMW是源于德文Bayerishe Motoren Werke德国巴伐利亚汽车公司的三个首字母缩略而成的。译者根据辛弃疾之“宝马雕车香满路”(青玉案·元夕)将其译为“宝马”使中国消费者联想到日行千里的宝马，将汽车性能与宝马的特性联系在一起。近音联想法近音联想法要求商标译名与原商标发音相近，也可与其部分读音相似，联想某些美好的中文意思并将产品的特点结合进去。例如：成立于1887年的美国Johnson&Johnson公司是经营医疗卫生保健品和护理产品，她是Robert Wood Johnson， James Wood Johnson和Edward Mead Johnson三兄弟创办的。如果直译则为“约翰逊”无任何特别之处，但如果用近音联想法就译为“强生”——联想为强壮生命力，和该公司的卫生保健和健康护理产品相联系。近音转义法这种译法兼顾语音和语义，一般原商标都是有意义的单词或词组，但为了符合汉语的文化习惯，将其转义，而语义又非原文的词义，需加创造，但又不能脱离一定的范畴。例如：Sprite饮料，这个单词在英文中为“精灵”，“妖精”之意。在莎翁的一些戏剧中，“精灵”是十分可爱的。西方国家过万圣节，万圣节前夜，孩子们就化装成各种“精灵”、“妖精”，挨家挨户“乞讨”糖果，但在中国人心中却是邪恶的。若直译必然不妥，所以转义为“雪碧”。“雪”清新凉爽，“碧”玲珑剔透，该译名给人玉洁冰清的感受。

你好，这个不是固定的，你可以和导师商量一下