贪嘴森淼
不知道，随便给你一个疏水缔合型聚合物P(AMTA)溶液性质的研究疏水缔合型水溶性聚合物是指在聚合物亲水性大分子链上带有少量疏水基团的一类水溶性聚合物。在聚合物水溶液中，疏水基团之间由于憎水作用而发生聚集，使大分子链产生分子内和分子间缔合。在临界缔合质量分数以上，形成分子间缔合为主的超分子结构，增大了流体力学体积，故具有较好的增黏性。在盐溶液中，由于小分子电解质的加入增加了溶液极性，使疏水缔合作用增强，表现出明显的抗盐性质。 疏水缔合型水溶性高分子很难合成，且不易表征，把疏水部分连接到水溶性聚合物链上，一般采用胶束共聚合或者使用具有表面活性的大单体进行共聚，胶束聚合需要在体系中加入大量的表面活性剂，这就增加了后处理过程的复杂性。利用表面大单体共聚合，需要事先合成大单体，这方面的技术也有相当大的难度。作者采用丙烯酸十四酯作为疏水单体，直接用沉淀聚合法制备疏水缔合型聚合物P(AM／TA)共聚物，从而使共聚反应及其产物的后处理过程较为简单易行。并用凯达尔定氮法表征共聚物的组成，研究共聚物的溶液性能和对苯丙乳液的增稠性。 1实验 1．1试剂 丙烯酰胺(AM)，质量分数不少于985％，根据文献提供的方法提纯；N,N-甲基甲酰胺(DMF)，分析纯；甲醇、氯化钠，化学纯；丙烯酸十四酯(TA)，实验室自制；苯丙乳液由福建省福州树脂有限公司提供。 1．2P(AM/TA)共聚物的合成 称取一定量的AM和TA单体，用DMF溶解，转入三颈瓶中，通氮除氧。升温至80℃，加入引发剂反应4h，过滤，产物用甲醇洗涤多次，以除去未反应的单体。40℃真空干燥至恒重。 1．3分析测试 凯达尔定氮法测定共聚物的组成。用乌氏黏度计测定共聚物溶液特性黏度[η]，测试温度为(30±O1)℃。聚合物溶液表观黏度用NDJ-I型旋转黏度计测定。 2结果与讨论 2．1共聚物稀溶液性质不同疏水基团摩尔分数的P(AM／TA)共聚物在蒸馏水和w(NaCl)=％的溶液中的特性黏度[η]值列于表1。 聚合物的[η]正比于溶液中大分子线团的流体力学体积，因而能反应大分子线团收敛、卷曲的程度。从表1可知，随共聚物的TA链节摩尔分数的增加，其水溶液的[η]值逐渐减小，在w(NaCl)=％的溶液中也是持续减小。这是因为在稀溶液中，疏水基团缔合以分子内缔合为主，随着TA摩尔分数的增加，分子内缔合增强，导致分子链卷曲。在盐溶液中，由于离子电荷的作用，使疏水链节分子内缔合力增强，分子链收缩，因而[η]值也持续下降。 2．2疏水基团TA摩尔分数对聚合物溶液黏度的影响 图1和图2分别表示P(AM/TA)系列共聚物及PAM在蒸馏水和w(NaCl)=％的溶液中表观黏度与聚合物质量分数的关系曲线。PAM溶液黏度随其质量分数的增加而平缓上升，而疏水共聚物溶液的质量分数为3O％～4O％时其黏度急剧增加，表明疏水基团聚集而导致分子间缔合，形成了物理交联网络。此时共聚物溶液的质量分数即是临界缔合的质量分数。如图1所示，随TA摩尔分数增加，共聚物溶液的黏度显著增加。当疏水基团摩尔分数较高时，其溶液黏度随质量分数增加的速度更快，共聚物的临界缔合质量分数降低。如图2所示，加入Nacl溶液后，溶液表观黏度有较大提高，如质量分数为％的P(AM/TA)-1 5聚合物溶液在20℃，转速为6r／min时，黏度达，而在水溶液中的黏度只有374mPa·s。不同TA摩尔分数的聚合物的质量分数均较其在纯水中低。Hydrophobically associating polymer P (AMTA) the nature of the study solution Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer is the hydrophilic polymer with a small amount of macromolecular chain hydrophobic group of a class of water-soluble polymer. Aqueous solution in the polymer, the hydrophobic groups and between the role as a result of hydrophobic aggregation occurred, so that large molecules have a molecular chain and inter-molecular association. Associating the critical mass fraction of the above, the formation of intermolecular association based supramolecular structure, increases the volume of fluid mechanics, it has good by adhesive. In salt solution, because of the addition of small molecule electrolyte solution increased polarity, so that co-operation with enhanced hydrophobic association, shows that the nature of the salt. Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer-based synthesis is difficult and not easily characterized, in part to hydrophobic chains connected to the water-soluble polymer, the general use of micellar copolymerization, or the use of the large surfactant monomer to copolymerization, polymer micelles need in the system by adding a large number of surface-active agent, which, after an increase of the complexity of the process. The use of the surface monomer copolymerization, the need for prior synthesis of large monomer, this technology also has considerable difficulty. Author tetradecyl acrylate used as a hydrophobic monomer, the direct use of precipitation polymerization Preparation of hydrophobically associating polymer P (AM / TA) copolymers, so that the product of copolymerization and post-processing is more simple and easy process. And characterization of nitrogen determination Kedar copolymer composition, study the solution properties of copolymers of styrene-acrylic emulsion and of the thickening. 1 Experimental Reagents Acrylamide (AM), the mass fraction of not less than 985 percent, according to documents provided by purification methods; N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF),分析纯; methanol, sodium chloride, chemical pure; acrylic 10 four acetate (TA), laboratory-made; styrene-acrylic emulsion resin from Fuzhou in Fujian Province Limited. (AM / TA) Copolymer Check that a certain amount of monomer AM and TA, using DMF dissolved into three-neck bottle, pass oxygen nitrogen. Warming to 80 ℃, reaction by adding initiator 4h, filtering, washing the product several times with methanol to remove unreacted monomer. 40 ℃ vacuum drying to constant weight. Analysis and Testing Determination of nitrogen Kedar will be the composition of copolymer. Determination of intrinsic viscosity with copolymer solution viscosity [η], the test temperature (30 ± O1) ℃. Apparent viscosity of polymer solution with NDJ-I-type rotary viscometer determination. 2 Results and Discussion Dilute Solution Properties of Copolymers of different mole fraction of hydrophobic groups of the P (AM / TA) copolymers in distilled water, and w (NaCl) = of the solution intrinsic viscosity [η] values listed in Table 1. Polymer [η] is proportional to the solution of the fluid dynamics of macromolecular coil volume, which can respond to the convergence coil macromolecules, the degree of curl. We can see from Table 1, with the copolymer chain of the TA increase in mole fraction, the aqueous solution of [η] value decreases in w (NaCl) = of the solution is continued to decrease. This is because in dilute solution, the hydrophobic group to intramolecular association based association, with the mole fraction of the increase in TA, to enhance intramolecular association, resulting in the molecular chain curly. In salt solution, because of the role of ionic charge, so that intramolecular hydrophobic chain to enter into force enhancement, molecular chain contraction, so [η] value continued to drop. TA hydrophobic group mole fraction of polymer solution viscosity on the impact of figures 1 and 2, respectively, P (AM / TA) series of copolymers and PAM in distilled water, and w (NaCl) = in the apparent viscosity of the solution and the relationship between the mass fraction of polymer curve. PAM solution viscosity with the increase of mass fraction of gentle rise, and the hydrophobic copolymer solution for the mass fraction of 3O% ~ 4O%, when a sharp increase in viscosity, indicating that aggregation of hydrophobic groups and lead to intermolecular association, forming a physical crosslinking网络. At this point the mass fraction of copolymer solution that is the critical mass fraction of the association. As shown in Figure 1, with the mole fraction of TA increased, the viscosity of copolymer solution increased significantly. When the mole fraction of hydrophobic groups is high, the solution viscosity increases with the mass fraction of the faster, the critical aggregation copolymer mass fraction lower. As shown in Figure 2, by adding Nacl solution, the solution has greatly enhanced apparent viscosity, such as the mass fraction of for the P (AM / TA) -1 5 polymer solution at 20 ℃, rotation speed 6r/min , the viscosity of , and viscosity in aqueous solution only 374mPa s. TA different mole fraction of the mass fraction of polymer in water were low.
MissAlice1203
To date, aqueous solution of basic alkanolamine is the most economical and widely used process to effectively remove H2S, CO2, and other acidic components in a continuous absorption/regeneration process. Acid gases like CO2, H2S, and other acidic compounds react with an alkanolamine via an exothermic, reversible reaction in a gas/ liquid contactor. Subsequently, the absorbed acid components are removed from the alkanolamine in a regenerator by steam stripping before recycling the alkanolamine to the absorber. The ability of an alkanolamine solution to remove acidic gases is determined by the acid gas solubility, reaction rate and mass transfer properties [4]. Versteeg and Swaaij [3,5] studied the reactions between CO2 and aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanolamines at various temperatures. The reaction of CO2 with primary and secondary alkanolamine was described using the Zwitterion-mechanism and Brønsted relation was used to describe the reaction of CO2 with tertiary alkanolamine. Aqueous tertiary alkano-lamine solutions, especially MDEA (methyl di-ethanol amine) and TEA (tri-ethanol amine), have been found to be very effective solvents for the selective removal of H2S. Besides MDEA, DIPA (di iso-propyl alcohol) was also reported to have greater selectivity for H2S over CO2. However, a few authors reported the simultaneous absorption of CO2 and H2S in an aqueous solution of MDEA and DIPA [6,7]. MDEA, a tertiary amine, is less basic than primary and secondary amines. MDEA is most promising because of its capacity to react with the acid gases. Moreover, the advantage is enhanced by the fact that MDEA is highly selective for H2S and less selective for CO2, whereas MEA (mono ethanol amine) and DEA (di ethanol amine) are highly selective for CO2 present in the acid gases. These beneficial characteristics of MDEA result in potential benefits, which include increased capacity for existing units, decreased capital cost for new units, and lower cost of energy required for purification. MDEA is a tertiary amine and therefore carbamate formation with CO2 does not take place.迄今为止，碱性链烷醇胺的水溶液是在经济和广泛使用的过程中，在连续吸收/再生过程中有效去除H 2 S，CO 2和其它酸性组分。酸性气体如CO 2，H 2 S和其它酸性化合物通过气/液接触器中的放热，可逆反应与烷醇胺反应。随后，在将链烷醇胺再循环到吸收器之前，通过蒸汽汽提，在再生器中将链烷醇胺中吸收的酸组分除去。链烷醇胺溶液去除酸性气体的能力取决于酸性气体的溶解度，反应速率和传质性质[4]。 Versteeg和Swaaij [3,5]研究了二氧化碳与一级，二级和三级链烷醇胺在各种温度下的水溶液和非水溶液之间的反应。使用两性离子机理描述了CO 2与伯和仲链烷醇胺的反应，并使用Brønsted关系来描述CO 2与叔链烷醇胺的反应。已经发现水性叔链烷胺溶液，特别是MDEA（甲基二乙醇胺）和TEA（三乙醇胺）是用于选择性除去H 2 S的非常有效的溶剂。除了MDEA之外，还报道了DIPA（二异丙醇）对H2S比二氧化碳具有更高的选择性。然而，一些作者报道了在MDEA和DIPA的水溶液中同时吸收CO 2和H 2 S. [6,7]。 MDEA是一种叔胺，与伯胺和仲胺的碱性相当。 MDEA是最有希望的，因为它能够与酸性气体反应。此外，由于MDEA对H 2 S具有高选择性并且对CO 2具有较少的选择性，MEA（单乙醇胺）和DEA（二乙醇胺）对于存在于酸性气体中的CO是高选择性的，所以其优点得到提高。 MDEA的这些有益特征产生潜在的好处，其中包括提高现有单位的能力，降低新单位的资本成本，降低净化所需的能源成本。 MDEA是叔胺，因此不会发生含二氧化碳的氨基甲酸酯形成。
笑之典典
一般程序为sulfoxidation 。催化剂的前兆2 （ 毫克， mmol ）被解散， [ bmim ] pf6 （ 毫升） 和甲醇（ 毫升）在20 ml安瓿。硫化物（ 1 mmol ） 接着其次是过氧化氢（ 30 ％ ，水） （ 170 íl ） 。该反应搅拌为在给定的时间（反应其次是薄层色谱法）后，甲醇被拆除和残余离子液体提取，用乙醚（三一五毫升） 。合并醚层治疗钠连二和水洗（三一○毫升） 。乙醚阶段是干超过硫酸钠，过滤，并集中在真空中。那个产品纯化常规或biotage闪光色谱法。 对甲苯基甲基亚砜（ 8 B条） 。孤立的产量1 h后的反应时间， 78 ％ 。核磁共振数据，在根据这些以前转换（图3 ）确定由气相色谱分析反应混合物：的TR （甲苯基甲基硫醚） ） 分钟;的TR （甲苯基甲基亚砜） ） 分钟。 一般程序为回收的离子液体催化剂体系。催化剂的前驱2 （ 毫克 mmol ） 被解散， [ bmim ] pf6 （ 毫升）和甲醇（ 毫升）在20 ml安瓿。硫化物（ 1 mmol ）当时说，其次是过氧化氢（ 170 íl ） 。反应搅拌为在给定的时间（反应，其次是薄层色谱法）后，其中甲醇被删除，剩余的离子液体中提取二乙酯基醚（三一五毫升） 。合并醚层治疗连二亚硫酸钠和水洗（ 10毫升） 。水相回到提取用乙醚（三一○毫升） 。合并醚阶段干燥超过硫酸钠，过滤，并集中在真空。该产品被孤立的由Flash色谱法。那个离子液体相后，再用蒸发，其余乙醚。硫化物（ 1 mmol ）和过氧化氢（ equiv ）补充说： 之后，除了甲醇（ 毫升） 。
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