个人理财外文论文文献综述

个人理财业务，又称财富管理业务，是目前发达国家商业银行利润的重要来源之一。国际上成熟的理财服务是指：银行利用掌握的客户信息与金融产品，分析客户自身财务状况，通过了解和发掘客户需求，制定客户财务管理目标和计划，并帮助选择金融产品以实现客户理财目标的一系列服务过程。 二十世纪70年代以来，全球商业银行在金融创新浪潮的冲击之下，个人理财业务获得了快速发展。根据资料显示，在过去的几年里，美国的银行业个人理财业务年平均利润率达到35%，年平均盈利增长率约为12%-15%。从发达国家银行个人理财业务的发展趋势看，个人理财业务具有批量大、风险低、业务范围广、经营收益稳定等优势，在商业银行业务发展中占据着重要位置。而在我国的香港特别行政区，贴身的个人理财服务也成为近年来银行业竞争的主要焦点，花旗、汇丰、渣打、恒生、东亚等主要银行纷纷推出了自己的理财套餐，针对不同收入的客户提供不同的服务，推动了港岛整体个人理财服务水平的不断提升。 反观国内，自1996年中信实业银行广州分行在国内最早挂出“私人理财中心”的牌子至今，随着国内居民收入水平的日益提高，理财意识的不断增强，个人理财市场规模持续扩大已成为不争的现实。今年夏季，美林集团发布的全球财富报告显示2003年中国内地百万美元富翁约有万人，比上一年的21万增长了12%，这些富豪所掌握的财富总额已经达到了9690亿美元。若以人民币计算，即将近24万人成为了千万级别的富翁。而根据波士顿咨询公司（BCG）的最新研究报告，在2003年亚洲理财市场（不包括日本）万亿美元的管理资产中有万亿来自大中华区。而该报告更预测到2008年北京举办下界奥运会时，大中华区的财富增长率将达到27%，为万亿美元，且中国大陆将超越香港和台湾成为理财市场成长趋势中的领导力量。 而国内被广泛引用的另一份调查结果则来自上海：该次抽样调查表明,大多数上海市民认为"未经专家指导的自发理财方案有很大风险"；有87%的被访问市民表示会接受银行提出的理财建议,其中32%的市民"最感兴趣的是银行的理财咨询和理财方案设计"；40%的人认为"应增加代理客户投资操作,提供专家服务",并"希望能与银行理财专家建立稳定和经常性的业务联系"。由以上调查结果可见，如何理好财,用好自己的钱,使之能够不断保值、增值,发挥更大的作用已经成为越来越多逐渐富裕起来的国人所共同关注的话题。 面对如此巨大的市场需求，时至今日，国内各家银行拓展中高端个人理财业务的脚步一直未曾停滞。个人理财业务已经成为银行新的利润增长点，中外银行纷纷推出各自的个人理财品牌，并在个人高端客户市场和金融产品创新上展开了异常激烈的竞争。

Are you investing in the right industry?Does the term book-to-bill ratio sound familiar to you? Do you know the demand and supply numbers of private condominiums in Singapore for the next year ? If you do, you must have already performed some sort of industry analysis on the electronics and property industries (or sectors as commonly referred to in stockmarket terms).Most investment processes include some sort of industry analysis. This is important because many studies have shown that over a period of time, some industries have per-formed better than others. For example, between 1987 and 1996, banking stocks in Singapore have generated better returns than other industries such as shiprepair. Industry analyses will uncover these performance differences and help identify both unprofitable and profitable opportunities(situations).It is also important to note that past performance alone will not help predict future performance. The factors or conditions that helped an industry to prosper in the past will change over time. Identifying and studying these factors will provide some clues to the entry and exit points of the investments. Going back to our earlier example, economic growth is an important criterion for banks' earnings. Between 1987 and 1996, Singapore enjoyed an uninterrrupted average GDP growth of . This allowed the banks' earnings to grow at a compound rate of when the broader market generated only growth. With GDP growth decelerating because of the Asian crisis, can we maintain the same sanguine outlook for the banks?Having determined that industry analyses are important for successful investing, the next step is to find out how we can go about doing one. There is no generic framework that is applicable to all industries, but there are commonalities which we can identify. In a free market economy, demand and supply are key determinants of price, and price is always an important contributor to any profit-driven organisation. Hence, a successful indstry ana-lysis will have to identify the underlying fac-tors driving demand and that drive demand vary across industries, and are too numerous to list. However, it is important to note that demand can be categorised as "seasonal", "cyclical" or "secular". As the word suggests, seasonal fac-tors recur year after year. Cyclical factors, on the other hand, followvery closely to the economic cycles of the market. Secular factors are more long term in nature. Seasonality or economic cycles will have minimal impact on secular an airline as an illustration. Most Singaporeans take their vacation in December. That is why airline seats are difficult to secure during that time. This is the seasonal factor because it occurs every year around the same time. Having said that, Singaporeans usually take vacations more frequently when the economy is doing well, and less so during reccessionary times. The rise and fall in demand in accordance to economic activities is the cyclical factor. Finally, the middle class population in Singapore has been rising over the last 20 years. This group is generally more affluent. Part of the lifestyle usually includes taking regular vacations to exotic destinations. Such lifestyle doesn't change annually, nor does it follow the ups and downs of economic growth. The demand for air travel will grow so long as the middle class population continues toincrease. This is an example of secular demand factors into these categories is very useful. As long-term inves-tors, we do not want to be constantly reacting to signs that are short term and volatile in nature such as seasonal, and to a lesser extent, cyclical trends. Buying and selling stocks based on these short-term trends are not only expensive (brokerage cost) but difficult to time as well. Instead, we should focus on long-term trends. They usually have a longer and more permanent impact on share key factor in identifying an attractive industry is pricing power. The ability of an industry to price its product at a profitable level without compromising its business pros-pect is important, and this is affected by many factors. Inelastic demand allows the tobacco producers to maintain good profits despite the rapidly rising tariffs all these years. Barriers to entry is another factor. Mobile-phone charges used to be very expensive because there was only Singapore Telecom providing the ser-vice (monopoly). With increased competition from M1, rates have been declining gradually. All things being equal, the more competitive the industry is, the lower the pricing power, and hence profits. Competition may be good for the consumers, but it seldom benefits the shareholders. Another factor that will impact the com-petitive environment of an industry is the cost structure. In general, indsutries with high fixed costs are more competitive than those that have high variable costs. We often hear about coun-tries being accused of 'dumping steel' onto other countries. Well, this is the case in point. Steel mills are expensive to construct. But once built, the investment costs are 'sunked'. On the other hand, the running cost to produce steel is relatively low. Since there are so many steel mills around the world (almost every country has one for strategic reasons), supply is in abundance. As competition intensifies in the global market, recovering investment cost of the mills becomes a secondary objective for management. What is more important is to keep the production ongoing and sell the steel at a price that can at least cover the variable cost component. These mills will definitely be loss-making, but at least they can continue to operate and not generate serious unemploy-ment for the economy (steel industry is very labour-intensive). Having looked at the fundamental issues, do we always buy into an industry with positive trends developing? The answer is 'no'. Con-fused? Here is why. The key to any successful investments is to stay ahead of what the market is discounting. Suppose we are bullish on the outlook of the residential property sector because owning a home is every Singaporean's dream and the island has limited land supply. But this view is widely observable. Further-more, most of the residential property stocks have already outperformed the market by huge margins. These are signs that the market has probably discounted the positive conclusion of our analysis. As such, the investment upside is probably limited. Conversely, if our conclu-sion unearths new information from the gene-ral market, we may have discovered something interesting here. To confirm that we have a good find, check out the valuation to see if it is attractive. There are many valuation tools, but the commonly used ones are Price/Earnings (PE), Enterprise Value/EBITDA*, Price/Book(P/B), and Dis-counted Cash Flow (DCF). Make a cross-industry comparison as well as historical com-parison. Going back to our property example. If our conclusion is new to the market, the industry is trading at the lower end of its histo-rical PE band, and it is also very attractive on PE terms versus the other industries in Singapore...bingo! In conclusion, I would like to leave you with a brain teaser. Imagine this is 1996 and you are an investor looking at the Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) industry: DRAM is a semiconductor chip used in most electronic products such as personal computers. The business is cyclical in nature because corporate and private consumption of PCs usually rises when the economy is doing well. There are, however, two secular trends that underpin the growth in the industry. First, more and more people are buying PCs for their home and oiffice. Second, the requirement of DRAM per PC is also on the rise as processing power of computer increases exponentially. On the competitive issue, the cost to build a wafer fab is extremely high (about US$1b), and the technology is usually state-of-the-art. Besides capital and technology, there are no other significant barriers to entry. Margin for the industry had been very good because of supply shortage. This probably explained why share prices outperformed the market in 1995. The historical five-year PE band for selected stocks in the industry between 1991 and 1995 was about 10 to 100. The average PE during the period was 30. The industry is currently trading at a PE in the low teens. Would you invest in this industry? (The writer is the Investment Manager of Jardine Fleming Investment Management. This column has the support of the Investment Management Association of Singapore and the Stock Exchange of Singapore.)到这个网站上去看一下,有这篇文章的翻译,此外还有许多商务英语论文

一般在论文里，都要求有一至二个英文文献。我给你几个参考。都是有关资讯系统的参考文献。 [1] Management Information System , Mcleod , Printice Hall , 1998 [2] Thomas R. Security Risk Associates Inc,2001 [3] H. M. Hassan & Charles Hutchinson. Natural Resource and Environmental Information for Decision Making. A World Bank Publication, Washington D. C., USA, 1995 [4] Willian K, Michener, James W. Brunt & Susan G. Stafford. Environmental Information Management and Analysis: Ecosystem to Global Scales, Taylor & Franics Ltd, London, Britain,1994 [5] [美] Michael N. DeMers著，武法东、付宗堂、王小牛等译. 地理资讯系统基本原理（第二版）. 北京：电子工业出版社，2001 [6] Michael F. Worboys. GIS: A Computing Perspective. Taylor & Franics Ltd, London, Britain,1995 [7] Robert Laurini, Derek Thompson. Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems. Academic Press, London, 1993 _______________________________________________________ 参考文献： （1）、《管理资讯系统》（第三版） 薛华成主编 清华大学出版社 1999年； （2）、《管理资讯系统》 陈禹主编 中国人民大学出版社 1998年； （3）、《资讯系统开发方法――方法、策略、技术、工具与发展》 姜旭平编著； 清华大学出版社 1997年； （4）、《计算机资料处理系统分析与设计》 王勇领编著 清华大学出版社 1986年； （5）、《管理资讯系统导论》 黄梯云主编 机械工业出版社 1985年； （6）、《系统分析与设计》 季延平、郭鸿志合著 华秦书局 1995年；

: 给你一赛迪网，里面有关酒店客房管理的很多，觉得好给我加分哦

你好，要开发物资采购资讯系统其实只要针对你单位业务特性，先做出业务需求分析，然后按照业务需求分析做出差异分析报告，按照报告功做出能点设计。看您选择什么系统软体了。不需要什么文献。

基于你的问题 寝室管理系统，可以为你提供一份适用于初学者的程式码, 有进一步需求，可以我们联络,,给我留一个你的问题和Email,有机会可以帮你，肯定救急,使用百度_Hi给我留言, 此回复针对所有来访者和需求者有效, ES:\\53EC904AEA00006C907341ADACBC823A

1. Zehery,Mohamed H University Library Development in the Arab Gulf Region:A Survey and Analysis of Six State University Libraries 1997 2. Dr Frank Tung IBM Digital Library Lecture 1997 3. Coyne Salib Applying web-based product libraries 2001 4. Terry Swenson The Data Requirements Framework Database Programming & Design 1998

缩写为iMIS integrated Management Information System，是一种为企业量身定做的整体管理方案。通常通过模组化管理形式完成：包括业务管理、流程管理、客户关系管理等，有助于企业提升流程管理效率，总结业务知识，使决策层、经营者和员工在这个平台上合理有效地协作。

materials management information systems

我有要不要传给你？

初识基金： 居然还有这种好东西 2004年初，吴先生在营业厅从事柜台业务，当他看到无数储户排起拥挤的长龙把银行营业部大厅挤得水泄不通，却只为了把钱存入需交纳20%利息所得税的教育基金时，职业的原因促使他开始寻找一种更优的投资渠道。一个偶然的机会，他在建行报中发现了当时最为火爆的某基金公司发行的价值增长基金。2004年3、4月份，股市上冲到1700点时，这只基金净值最高涨到元，随后的下跌行情也只跌了百分之十几。这种高收益跟银行存款利率相比具有极大的吸引力。“世界上居然还有这种好东西。”他想。 2004年8月，上投摩根中国优势基金通过建行销售，公司总经理王鸿嫔亲自到陕西推广。吴先生也到会场听了讲座，旋即被王鸿嫔所讲的投资理念和她自身的传奇经历深深吸引。中国优势基金发行首日，他动员他的同事和他在交通银行的朋友认购。他买了10000元，其他的同事和朋友都各买了几千元。 吴先生快人快语，言辞幽默。“我有些做投资的朋友，买了基金或者股票，每天频繁交易，副业比主业干得还累，遇到市场波动就愁眉苦脸，担惊受怕。”他说，“这有啥，难道中国经济有问题吗？没有。难道中国股市会崩盘吗？也不会。既然如此，即使短期亏损，又能亏损多少钱呢？”他认为那些买了基金之后就整日为基金所累的人很可笑。“既然选择了自己信任的管理人，那就别去管投资上的事情。涨跌波动让专家去处理。”他还很自豪地告诉记者，现在只要在他们营业部谈到中国优势基金，没人不会提起他的名字，因为他不仅是他们营业部第一个认购中国优势基金的人，而且是唯一一个持有至今的人。 在2005年的熊市行情中，中国优势基金净值一度跌到元，有的同事和朋友开始抱怨他，他告诉他们，“我们做的是中长期投资，在目前的下跌行情中，这只基金的表现已相当好了，只要坚持持有一定会有收获的。”2005年下半年中国优势基金净值涨到元，一个朋友卖掉了手中的基金，2006年上半年涨到元时，又有同事卖掉了手中的基金。之后就不断有人善意地提醒他赶快卖掉中国优势基金。这样的话听多了，他就反问，“你卖掉基金打算把钱放在哪里？存活期或者定期？”有人给出答案说，“买一只新基金。” “在目前的上涨行情中一只新基金会做得更好吗？你有什么理由证明一个新基金公司、新基金经理比中国优势基金更好，以至于值得你付出2%手续费的代价？”一直以来他都把这句话说给那些想“换手”的基金持有人，既然选择的这家基金公司过去业绩很好，那为何要花费手续费去重新换一只不了解的基金呢？ 因此，纵然有无数只基金发行，吴先生却近乎偏执地抱住最初的唯一一只基金不放，他这种弱水三千、只取一瓢的做法，除了品牌情结以外，更多的是一种长期以来的信任。吴先生唯一的一次交易，就是将现金分红改为红利再投资。他当初投入的10000元目前市值超过了36000元。

你不知道到中国知网 这些专业论文网站去下载嘛 如果是一个大学 这些网站都是免费的