中国东盟贸易论文相关文献

贸易论文参考文献

在学习、工作生活中，许多人都有过写论文的经历，对论文都不陌生吧，论文是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢？下面是我精心整理的贸易论文参考文献，希望能够帮助到大家。

主要参考文献： [1] 郝红. 景华扬，谈如何在我国建立有效的薪酬激励公有制 辽宁经济职业技术学院 20xx 4，24—25 [2] 井士锌，现代企业的薪酬激励 煤矿现代化 20xx 3 [3] 樊钱涛，如何运用薪酬激励员工 企业人力资源管理 20xx 3 27—28 [4] 王少东，张国霞 建立自助式整体薪酬体系 人力资源 20xx 35—36 [5] 徐晓明，公司管理中的薪酬激励机制 河南化工 20xx 6 45—46 [6] 张涛，如何发挥薪酬激励的持久性 中国人力资源开发 72—74 [7] 程瓯，将员工激励进行到底 人力资源 39—40 [8] 胡盈，交换中的刺激 人力资源 53—54 [9] 董玉森，当前部分国企薪酬激励机制存在的问题和对策研究 中国人力资源开发 [10] 刘颖，走出薪酬激励的困境 通信企业管理20xx 9 56—57 [11] 林新奇，国际人力资源管理 复旦大学出版社 [12] 企业员工管理方法研究组 企业员工激励方法 中国经济出版社

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20xx年我国对外贸易发展依然存在着同20xx年一样的不利因素,为了使20xx年我国对外贸易取得成就,我国在对外贸易发展中有必要采取以下措施.

(一)保持稳定的政治环境

稳定的政治环境对发展对外贸易有着重要影响,20xx年中国对外贸易的发展同样和政治环境密不可分,就目前国际关系分析,中日、中菲领土争端依然是威胁我国政治环境稳定的主要因素,同时也会对双方贸易的发展造成严重阻碍.要使得20xx年对外贸易发展取得突出成就,首先我国政府要在维护国家领土安全的基础上积极发展同日、菲的友好关系,加强双边谈判,力争通过和平方式解决争断,为双边贸易发展创造稳定的政治环境；其次应加强同欧盟等对我国提起反倾销调查的国家有效谈话,防止将经济问题演化为政治问题,以双赢的方式解决贸易问题,争取在较短时期内解决贸易问题,为双边贸易进一步发展提供稳定的环境；再次政府也应当提倡全国人民以理性的方式维护国家安全,杜绝在政治纠纷中有意挑起不必要的争端,损害人民利益和经济发展环境.20xx年对外贸易的稳定增长需要稳定的政治环境,这也是同各个国家友好开展对外贸易的必要条件.

(二)加快产业结构升级

产业结构的合理化调整对于经济的发展是很有必要的,通过产业结构升级提高出口产品的质量,增强出口产品的国际竞争力,是出口产品在激烈的竞争和贸易壁垒盛行的国际市场中可以有效避免不利因素的阻碍.产业结构升级主要是指产业结构的改善和产业素质与效率的提高,产业升级必须依靠技术进步,使产品技术含量增加,将出口产品向技术密集型方向转变,不仅有利于避免贸易壁垒的压制,也可以在激烈的竞争中占据国际市场的一定份额.而产业结构的调整主要应致力于提高产品质量和效益,使我国经济的发展更多依靠战略性新兴产业和现代服务业带动,以及科技进步、循环经济和节约资源的推动,即在加快传统产业转型升级,不断提高传统产业创新能力的同时推动战略性新兴产业、先进制造业健康发展.通过产业结构调整,提高产业技术水平和创新能力,改变高端产品供给不足、产品附加值低的状况,提升产业整体素质,使得生产要素得到优化组合、技术水平和管理水平以及产品质量不断提高.同时我国贸易的改善还应当顺应国际经济发展主流思想,即促进绿色低碳经济的发展,加大环保产业贸易的发展,提高资源利用效率,不断促进产业发展模式向绿色低碳、清洁安全转变,增强我国产业的'竞争力.

(三)稳步推进人民币汇率改革

由于人民币汇率的不断波动,且近几年呈现不断上升趋势,这对于我国经济发展总体上是弊大于利的,我国实行的“以市场供求为基础、参考一揽子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度”,对于我国经济长期稳定的发展也存在不利影响.我国应积极稳妥地推进人民币汇率形成机制改革,因势利导、趋利避害,力求使可能发生的负面影响最小化,坚持以我为主,使人民币汇率的有序浮动符合我国经济基本面和宏观调控的需要.除此之外还应加强本外币政策的协调,充分发挥汇率在平衡国际收支、抵御国际资本流动冲击方面的作用,以适应对外开放和经济全球化的要求.我国在人民币汇率改革中应综合考虑我国的经济需求和同贸易国之间的经济利益,是经济和贸易发展实现双赢.

(四)继续扩大内需,减少出口依存度

经济增长有“三驾马车”,即扩大国内投资,刺激国内消费和扩大外贸出口.扩大内需主要是通过扩大国内投资和国内消费来带动国民经济增长.随着国际局势的日益紧张,20xx年我国经济的发展仍然要依赖于内需,减少出口的依存度,而内需的扩大不仅要解决国内就业再就业问题,还要继续实施积极的财政政策,努力发挥货币政策的作用,配合运用税收,价格等经济杠杆,全力解决有效内需不足的矛盾,并且合理适当提高社会保障水平,提高在职人员工资,调整消费政策,优化消费环境,培育消费热点,更新消费观念,千方百计的刺激消费,拉动经济增长.同时开拓农村市场,刺激假日经济,调整限制消费的税费政策等.促进人们思想观念的转变,加强对人们经济消费的引导.完善分配制度,处理好效率与公平之间的关系,缩小贫富差距.同时,政府要采取有效措施,进行各种配套改革,积极培育、扩大国内消费市场,鼓励投资,尤其是民间投资,重点扶持有核心竞争力的企业.

(五) 贸易伙伴国向多元化方向发展

据目前中日等国家争端形势判断,20xx年这种不断升温的领土争端及贸易壁垒限制,使20xx年对外贸易的发展依然存在着同20xx年同样的威胁.随着国际竞争的日趋激烈和尚未平息的各种争端,20xx年对外贸易的发展应转变以往主要贸易伙伴国稳定不变的局势,顺应着新型国家不断崛起且快速发展的形势我国应将贸易伙伴国向多方发展,扩大贸易地理范围,逐步摆脱以发达国家和地区占据主要贸易地位的现状,是我国对外贸易在尚未缓和的国际关系中得到回升,免受争端影响,是经济发展更能顺应全球化这把“双刃剑”.

参考文献

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[3] 乔生.‘特保条款’及其对我国出口贸易的负面评析[J].国际贸易问题,20xx年,第5期,第102页.

[4] 钱磊.论特保条款中几个主要问题[J].广西政法管理干部学院学报,20xx 年,第1期,第58页.

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[8] 还有许多纸和电视上的新闻，因看的时候没有仔细记录，故现在不能详尽的罗列。

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随便抄点书哈哈

The challenge developing countries facing in economic gloabalization process 1. The economic gloabalization extremely add the instability of developingcountry’s economy. It makes the world-wide countries’ connection close. During the process of economic gloabalizing, the dependance between each country was strengthened unprecedented. It has surpassed 30% of which most countries depend on exportation, and has reached 50%-60% of a few countries. In this situation, the influent of economic rocking and economic crisis will be usual and inevitable. Since 1990’, as the gradually opening of each country’s account, the independence of most countries’ (especially developing countries) monetary strategy has been seriously threatened. In 1997, the exchange rate crisis of Thailand rapidly flew to the whole southeast area, South Korea and Japan. It then became a serious regional economic crisis which flew to Russia and Latin America, and then became the actual global economic shock. The international hot momey must be the improtant reason why the global economic is instable. Since 1960’, although each country’s economists have been seeking a way to supervise the international hot money, and some countries which has been hurt by it had tried to enhance capital control. But generally speaking, these research and efforts didn’t work well. The root cause is that under the circumstance of the rapidly global economy and trading unification, the validity of capital control is reducing. The internal hot money could choose a detour or escape from the capital control by many ways conveniently. So, weather it is stable that the developing countries’ domestic economy is not only decided by domestic factors but also significantly affected by the international factors. 2. ．The economic globalization makes fortune move towards few developed countries and banifit groups more and more. It enlarged the economic development imbalance between developed countries and developing countries. The imbalance is mainly reflected in a large difference between developed countries and developing countries. The essence of economic globalization is the process of worldwide marketing. In this process, competition creat effectiveness, and it makes fortune move towards few developed countries and benefit groups more and more, which lead to the enlarging of gap between rich and poor. The reasons that caused enlarging of the gap are various in many aspects, but there are two elements that can’t be neglected. First, it is unfair in distributing the profits of economic globalization. Although almost countries taking part in the economic globalization benefit from it more or less, it doesn’t mean equal opportunities. Since the developted countries as the capital and advantaged technology owner actually, are always on a central position of globalization. This relative advantage makes them have privilege in price making, which will inevitably get them more profits in trading with developing countries. Secondly, it is the nominal exchange rate reducing that caused the nominal GDP value reducing. In the past decade, because of various reasons, many developing countries’ nominal exchange rate has declined much more. In some countries that is in crisis, the nominal money devaluing lead to the declining of nominal GDP. And the worse economy condition which caused by actual devaluing that caused by nominal devaluing will make them pay out greater price in international trade. 3. The economy globalization gets the developing countries weak in economy autonomy. In the process of economy globalization, the independence of developing countries’ economy autonomy (especially in tax and monatory strategy aspect) is facing a tough challenge. There are two different forms of this challenge. One of them is the transfering of economy autonomy. From the repeatedly tax reducing and trade liberalization negotiations of GATT (now refers to WTO) to the passive economy strategy adjusting for getting support from the IMF that many countries have done in economy crisis. All these are some kind of actively autonomy transfering. Generally speaking, this transfering benefit relative countries, as they can get a number of expecting payback from it. The other of them is that the international individual economic power encroach the economy autonomy. The typical example is international companies. Because the strategy aim of them seldom accompany with the host country’s economy developing aim. So they often show the instinct refusing and evading to the host country’s policies and measures. Many countries’ experience proved that during the period of exchange rate rocking, the international corporates are always the one which should be responsible for the wide-ranging monatory speculation activities. Obviously, in the procss of economy globalization, developing countries that take advantage of direct investment from countries abroad should pay highly attention to these aspects. The environment resession steping with the economy globalization.