有道、google均可,但是翻译完之后自己最好读一遍,有些是直译,所以语句不太通顺
付费翻译平台一般都是先支付再翻译,本人找到一家翻译平台,这家一直是专门做pdf阅读器的,因此本人觉得他自动翻pdf也会比较擅长,就预付费翻译了一篇10页左右的pdf,但是花了半个多小时不说,最关键的是翻译效果很一般,又贵,于是果断放弃。找北京译顶科技,性价比高,我就是在那边做的。 统一查下。
先到百度文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英 文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文 献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。 第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。一,选题要新颖。这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。二,大量文献做基础仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗三,一气呵成做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。四,尽量采用多的专业术语可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。五,用正规格式书写参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。七,成稿打印好交给导师无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。八,听取导师意见,仔细修改导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。
论文翻译,自己翻译的比较靠谱。
论文摘要的翻译可以用谷歌翻译、有道翻译、搜狗翻译、翻译君、翻译狗、福昕翻译等等,一定要综合对比。
有条件的话还是找人工翻译吧,不然就多找几款软件,然后对比一下翻译的结果,逐句的看哪些重合度高,基本上这就是准确的翻译结果了。
摘要是科技学术论文的重要组成部分,是对原文献内容准确、扼要而不附加解释或评论的简略表述,属于信息型文本,主要功能是交流信息。学术论文摘要的译文,必须符合目标受众的表达习惯,使译文便于理解并接受,并在目标受众的文化以及交际环境中有意义。中英文摘要都应该含意清楚、结构简明、表达确切。
总之,学术论文摘要作为信息来源,是论文学术质量的反映,成为介绍或了解国内外学术成就非常有效的途径。学术论文摘要的翻译应遵循目的法则、连贯法则和忠实法则,应按照英文摘要的普遍标准和特征来进行翻译。
很多翻译软件都是直译,都达不到论文发表的要求,建议还是找一家专业的翻译机构,让专业的人员来翻译。这里推荐国际科学编辑,公司所有的科学编辑都具有博士学历,拥有丰富的科学研究经验及优秀的英语语言技能。
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时,要用一般现在时,例如:
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时,也可以用一般现在时,例如:
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时,大多数用一般过去时,例如:
Our text achieved the possibility above.
有道、google均可,但是翻译完之后自己最好读一遍,有些是直译,所以语句不太通顺
用GOOGLE翻译,,然后自己在修改
我在学姐的推荐下找到了翻译狗,他最大的优点就是PDF可以直接进行翻译,而且翻译出来的排版和原来的英文排版一致,无需排版方便校对,缺点就是大量翻译要收费,而且语法会有一些问题,后期需要修改,也可以直接找北京译顶科技翻译,人工肯定是比机翻好。
个人翻译是“一个人在战斗”,而翻译公司是“团队作战”,自然“团队作战”取胜的概率更大一些。翻译有各种语言,也涉及到不同的行业领域,这不是一个人都能精通的,但翻译公司就不同了。建议找一下北京译顶科技
论文摘要英语翻译软件的话估计百度、有道、cnki翻译助手。
但是对于英文不熟悉、专业词汇不熟悉估计也难翻译。
英文摘要在知网发表的意思是。1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等,重点是结论,是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文,根据内容的不同,摘要可分为以下三大类:报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
Tax revenue fairness and the efficiency being in a dilemma choose. Tax revenue fairness and efficiency are to go hand in hand , efficiency is an impartial premise first. If the tax revenue activity blocks economic growth , effect GDP increases by , always impartial, but meaningless, may be to be like a tree without roots only. Secondly, fairness is also the efficiency prerequisite. Having lost the impartial tax revenue although fairness must take efficiency as premise, may be high efficiency neither. Because of unfair tax revenue necessity may dampen enterprise and personal enthusiasm, arouse social contradictions even. Tax system in two aspects is really only when giving consideration to fairness and efficiency at the same time best tax system , this one point need not prove that , problem is that this is high efficiency , optimum high impartial combination is rare but. The be pleasant to the eye , different country sets off from practice never with national conditions, in order to realize some kind of politics , economic targets, tax policy being an emphasis in some one aspect building a homeland putting into effect time tax system with fairness or efficiency, chooses as real ideal after all. Secondary population of our country is many , poor foundation , underdeveloped national conditions of economy "give priority to efficiency with due consideration to equity " principle having started off , having suggested that. The economic base is comparatively weak because of our country is original , the frontage attains socialist modernization mission's objectives now step by step , must need to accelerate the rate of economic development, tax policy must be that economic growth pours a vigour in. But 1994 annual tax system reforms till "fifteen" last phases, the social problem and contradiction a train of begin to appear with the fact that development of national economy and the people living , taking in horizontal rise,if the gap in wealth , area disparate development present, our country society is harmonious as a whole. But, also, existence not stopping affecting harmonious contradiction of society and the problem , is mainly: City and countryside , area , economic and social development are very unbalanced , population resource environment pressure enlarges; The immediate concern to the masses problem is outstanding aspect relation such as employment , social security , income distribution , education , medical treatment , housing , safety at work , public security comparatively. These disharmony factors already become economy and society sustainable development blockage. Tax policy is necessary therefore , currently carrying out adjustment, with the situation adapting to current society economic growth. The main body of a book set off from the tax revenue base, analysis by each arrangement of ideas to tax revenue fairness and efficiency, be tied in wedlock history and current situation of our country, tax structure and tax policy to our country have carried out valuation and forecast, judge that tax policy of our country will be able to develop with the productivity successive steps out, necessity "efficiency that can comply with now is preferential , gives consideration to the efficiency " adjusting be that "efficiency and fairness pay equal attention " , final "fairness impartially " giving priority to giving consideration to both ,to realize socialism superiority and the nature common prosperity.
In the knowledge economy era, knowledge becomes the most important factor of production; technology, patents, creative and other software products has become an important product form. Knowledge become the dominant consumer consumption; knowledge as factors of production and distribution. Possession of the degree of knowledge as the main basis for the allocation, with the knowledge, creative workers become the main employment; high-tech industry will become the pillar industry of the era of knowledge economy; innovation is the soul of the knowledge economy. Knowledge-based economy era is bound to have an enormous impact on international structure of international trade, the impact of commodity: In the knowledge economy era, the invisible trade will be the main content of international trade. Knowledge-based economy era, will make the world trade liberalization was accelerated. Integration of domestic and foreign markets, no longer be divided into domestic and foreign trade, market competition has become a global competition. The rapid development of regional blocs is a manifestation of the trend of trade words knowledge-based economy; international trade; impact; countermeasures
论文用到的专业性词汇比较多,很多时候在写英文的时候可能会感到困难,我用过的是这个,你看一下吧。
第一步,在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
第二步,点击【选择文件】,从电脑中选中文件(注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分),点击【打开】。
第三步,文件上传之后,看到翻译语种选择,设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】,点击右下角【立即翻译】。
第四步,等到翻译完成,屏幕上会跳出温馨提示,点击【查看文件】,就能找到保存在电脑上已经翻译成英文的论文摘要了。
cnki啊有道啊google啊,这些翻译软件提供的大部分都是直译。不会考虑上下语境,也不会考虑前后通顺。有的时候甚至不会帮你把主谓宾调整过来。所以要用翻译软件,最好学会“半自动”。就是知道每个单词的意思,然后自己用个word文本一句话一句话的记录下来。要是这种软件能“多快好省”的翻译全文,你叫那些翻译行去干什么诶,呵呵
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时,要用一般现在时,例如:
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时,也可以用一般现在时,例如:
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时,大多数用一般过去时,例如:
Our text achieved the possibility above.
1.首先,如果您是大学生,在学校的校网内,则可以以自己学校的身份,登陆知网,如果不是学生,那么则需要知网账号,才可以下载文档。
登陆进中国知网后,点击“外文文献”,并在输入框里输入你想要查找的文献,按下“搜索”按钮后,出现以下,可以根据简介,却确定你要的是那一篇,这里,我根据日期,选择了第一篇。
2.点击第二篇的标题,你将进入详细页,在这里,发现文章资源在计算机类英文文献的集成数据库系统中,点击DBLP。
3.您将会看到文章列表中,含有你想要的这篇文章标题,将鼠标悬停到类似“记事本”样的图标上,点击“electronic edition via DOI”
4.接着您就看到,该文章在数据库系统中的更详细信息了,点击“Download PDF”,则可以实现文章浏览了。
5.进入文章浏览页后,鼠标悬浮到右下角,会出现,这几组图标,点击其中类似“翻译”的图标,即可实现文章的翻译。
在知网上查外国文献,前提是必须知道文献的名字。知道文献的名字然后搜索关键词即可。另:如何在中国知网搜索外文文献:1.先搜索到“中国知网”主页;2.如果您是“中国知网”的用户则先在其主页登录,否则不允许下载全文;3.在“中国知网”的“工具栏”中选择CNKI知识搜索;4.进入到CNKI知识搜索的主页,在“全文文献”中输入要检索的英文关键字;搜索就可以