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英语发表论文模板范文

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英语发表论文模板范文

近年来,世界各国在 教育 、军事、经济、政治、文学等多个领域的交流越来越频繁,极大地促进了这些领域的进步和快速发展。下面是我为大家整理的英文学术论文,供大家参考。

摘要:英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论,不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同,每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础,从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评,正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点,能够包容多种批评学派的存在,对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。

关键词:英美文学;文学批评

一、文学批评理论在英美文学教学中的意义

目前我国大多数院校都开设了相应的文学教育理论课程,而在关于英美文学的教学过程中,文学批评与文学教学是相辅相成的关系,文学批评可以从其独特的视角关注和解读英美文学作品,得到与众不同的观点,从而充分了解了整部英美文学作品的历史意义和内涵。文学批评也为英美文学教学提供了一把打开其大门的钥匙,让学生有机会从不同的角度,不同的观点、不同的思想关注英美文学,更好地促进了英美文学的发展。以文学批评基本理论为依据,应用到英美文学教学中,将有助于在学习作品过程中,避免传统的、印象式的解读,使学生通过对原著的充分解读,仔细品味原著中作者想要表达的观点,以及写作的手法,培养学生踏实阅读的学风,还能够让学生充分感受到文学的魅力,增强学习兴趣,提高学习成绩。

二、英美文学中文学批评的多方位表现形式

1.英美文学中新批评理论。

上世纪三四十年代开始出现以兰色姆()、威姆塞特()等为代表,形成了英美文学中的“新批评”理论。他们认为一切从作者的原始写作动机与作者的阅读感受为出发点所进行的文学批评都是“错误的谬论”,脱离了文学批评的初衷,将文学批评的对象进行了根本的转移,即转移到了文学作品对阅读者心理影响方面上,脱离了被批评对象的本身,从而沦为了单一的印象论。英美文学中的新批评理论认为单纯依靠阅读者的感觉,会使阅读者产生相对的“阅读错觉”——即带入阅读者已有的自我认知来干扰对作品进行正确的、客观的文学批评。新批评理论强调的是以尊重和细读原著为基础,对原著进行客观、公正的、不带有固有主观意识的文学批评,形成踏实阅读的风气。在高校英美文学教学过程中运用新批评理论,也就是说教师需要花更多的时间去钻研原著,提出更有价值的问题供学生进行课上探讨,这样才能赋予学生机会去利用新批评理论认识英美文学、了解英美文学、发现英美文学的精髓所在,主动地去学习英美文学。

2.英美文学中读者反应批评理论。

在整个英美文学历史发展过程中,从来不缺少批评的新声音和新形式的产生于与发展,斯坦利.费希(StanleyFish)就对新批评理论提出了挑战,他认为单纯的从作品本身进行分析而忽略了读者的作用,是对整个阅读过程的误解。“读者反应批评”强调原著作品对于读者的影响,读者在阅读原著后所起到的作用以及能够从中得到的感受为重点。读者反应批评理论以读者为重,从读者的角度来诠释“文学批评”的过程。作品需要“留白”,这些留白的地方正是读者阅读完作品之后进行的“自我想象”,是对作品新的解读和延展,得到一种“作者——作品——读者”三者之间的交流。但是这种理论由于强调的是读者的作用,而每位读者都是不同的个体,即便对同一文学作品,也有着不同的解读方式和看法。这是“读者反应批评理论”所面对的最大的难题。

三、英美文学作品中文学批评的特点

1.文学批评与多种学科紧密相连。

在英美文学中文学批评几乎是文学研究的 同义词 ,文学批评以文学鉴赏为基础,以文学理论为指导,对作家作品进行分析、研究、认识和评价,这一整个过程不单单是一种文学行为,更是与多种学科有着密切的联系,大部分的文学批评都运用了“心理学”“社会学”“哲学”等多种学科。尤其是文学批评中的“读者反应批评理论”充分运用了读者的阅读心理和阅读感受,来对文学作品进行文学批评,得到了相关作品的反馈。

2.英美文学中的文学批评具有审美性。

不论是以新批评理论为基础,还是以读者反应批评理论为基础,大部分的文学批评都具有审美性。这里的审美性指的是它以文学作品为基础,关注做作品所传达的艺术性和美学性,批评者需要按照美的规律,从文学作品的美学方向出发对原著进行审美性分析,作出审美判断和评价,使读者能够更好的理解和认识到作品,提升读者的审美情趣和阅读能力。

3.英美文学中的文学批评具有科学性。

任何形式的文学批评都不应该脱离科学发展的实际,正确的文学批评在批评者进行美学、艺术学批评的同时也要利用理性的 逻辑思维 方式,对文学作品进行客观的批评。批评者需要具备科学的创造性,用科学的研究 方法 、研究思维、研究理论对文学作品进行客观公正的批评,并且能够以客观事实为基础,查阅大量丰富的文学资料来对原著进行周密的、系统的分析和判断,不可参杂大量的个人主观思想、狭隘偏见,以对原著进行科学的文学批评。

四、结束语

英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论,不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同,每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础,从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评,正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点,能够包容多种批评学派的存在,对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。文学又有着其特殊的地方,不同于其他客观事物,不能用一般规律去对它进行解读和分析,正是因为有了文学批评的存在,才能够在不同读者角度,不同理论支持下对英美文学作品进行深层次的分析和解读,探究作者想要表达的观点,了解原著作者的真实意图, 总结 归纳英美文学发展特点,以便更好地学习。

参考文献

1、英美文学课的困境与多媒体辅助教学刘仪华南通师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)2000-10-3025

2、高校英语专业英美文学类课程教学现状调查鲁吉西安外国语学院学报2003-12-0124

摘要:随着时代的发展,我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才,以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养,将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人。

关键词:英美文学;英语教学

英美文学导入作为一种新的导入模式,可以拓宽大学英语的教学模式,符合《要求》中集多种教学模式的需要.另外,我国普通高校特别是理工科院校的学生大都是理科生,在高中阶段把注意力集中在数理化和生物的学习上,对英美文学知识的了解相对较少,《要求》中提出大学英语教学要提高学生的综合 文化 素养,在大学英语教学中有必要融入英美文学导入,使学生更多地了解英美文学知识和西方文化,这有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,培养其综合文化素养.目前,我国普通高校的大学英语教师在学习期间都学习过英美文学,其中一些教师在研究生阶段的研究方向就是英美文学.教师掌握丰富的英美文学知识,有能力在导入中融入该方面的知识.所以,从大学英语教学要求、学生的求知欲和教师能力几方面来看,英美文学导入融入大学英语教学具有一定的可行性.

受传统大学英语教学模式单一的影响,很多学生在学习过程中产生厌学感、疲惫感和焦虑感,影响学生学习的积极性和学习效率,而文学导入“可以减轻学习者的焦虑感,以利于语言习得”[2].英美文学导入可帮助学生摆脱传统大学英语教学模式单一的负面影响,对新时代的大学英语教学具有积极的促进作用.

1有助于提高学生的学习兴趣

著名科学家爱因斯坦曾说过:“兴趣是最好的老师”.当学生对一门学科感兴趣时,即使没有家长、教师的督促,学生也会对这一学科不断地探索和学习,从中获得学习这一学科的乐趣.目前,我国大多数学生从小学三年级开始 学习英语 ,到大学一年级基本学习了十年英语,多数学生已经对英语产生厌倦感.所以,让学生继续学习英语的最好办法就是不断提高他们对英语的兴趣.英美文学方面的知识在高中阶段接触得较少或只接触一些浅显的内容,在导入中加入英美文学内容会使学生们觉得很新颖,从而能集中注意力认真听老师讲解并提高学习兴趣.在《新视野大学英语》读写教程第一册第七单元“FacetoFacewithGuns”中有一个 句子 :Turingthosepa-gesandstudyingtheirphotographsislikeflowingonthesadcurrentthat,likeBlake’sThames,seemsto“markineveryface,marksofweakness,marksofwoe[3]”.这句话实际上引用了美国著名浪漫主义诗人威廉•布莱克的著作《伦敦》中的诗句,教师可以通过对浪漫主义时期的诗歌特点对《伦敦》进行分析,可以增强学生对诗歌的欣赏能力和对课文中句子的准确理解.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第六单元中,SectionA部分的 文章 标题是“AsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!”,有的教师会根据文章标题从人名的角度进行导入,但如果从文学角度进行导入会更加激发学生们的兴趣.这个标题实际上出自《圣经》箴言第七章,原句是“Asamanthinkethinhisheart,soheis.”教师可以从《圣经》这个角度进行导入,学生基本都听说过《圣经》,但了解得不是很多,教师可以给学生们介绍《圣经》中伊甸园、诺亚方舟、出埃及记等著名的 故事 .另外,《圣经》不仅是__的经典,也是西方文学的源头,许多英美文学中的著名作品都与《圣经》有关.综合考察这些受《圣经》影响的文学作品,我们会发现,文学作品对圣经 典故 的运用非常灵活多样.就圣经典故的类型而言,就有语典、人典、事典、意象、结构模式、观念等诸多种类[4].霍桑的《红字》、梅尔维尔的《白鲸》、斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等许多英美文学经典作品中的对白、典故和意象都源自《圣经》.通过从《圣经》角度进行导入,学生们可以了解《圣经》与文学作品之间千丝万缕的联系,并增加对英美文学和英语的学习兴趣.

2有助于学生了解西方文化

在阅读英美文学作品时,学生们可以从中了解更多的西方文化,在国际交流中可以避免不必要的文化冲突.《新视野大学英语》读写教程中出现了爱尔兰作家奥斯卡•王尔德、英国诗人威廉•华兹华斯、约翰•弥尔顿和美国作家大卫•梭罗,教师可以从他们的作品作为切入点进行导入,用这些作品帮助学生了解西方文化.教师也可从课文中出现的单词进行导入,《新视野大学英语》读写教程第三册第四单元中出现了colony这个单词,学生们看注释都知道它是“殖民地”的意思,教师可以从文学角度进行导入,欧洲的清教徒移民在北美先后建立十三块殖民地,美国文学深受清教主义的影响,清教主义对美国文学的影响就如儒家思想对中国文学的影响一样深远,历史学家巴斯认为,没有对美国清教思想的了解,就不可能理解美国社会[6].清教徒提倡的谦卑、诚实、勤奋、节俭以及在艰难环境下的乐观精神也对美国社会产生深远影响,清教主义奠定了美国民主并塑造了美国人民的性格,美国人的勤奋、节俭和乐观与清教主义是分不开的.同时,很多美国作家在创作中深受清教主义的影响,这些作家的作品文风简朴,语言清新、直接.所以,通过对清教主义的讲解,有助于学生从根源上了解美国人的性格,有助于对西方文化有更深层次的了解.

3有助于提高学生的人文素质

随着时代的发展,我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才,以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养,将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人.人文素质可以帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观,促进精神方面的修养.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第七单元“LightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife”中出现了本•富兰克林,教师可以把富兰克林作为导入的对象.富兰克林不仅是政治家、科学家,还是著名的文学家,在他的《自传》中,富兰克林为自己规定了十三条需要培养的美德,包括节制、沉默寡言、生活秩序、决心、简朴、勤勉、诚恳、公正、适度、清洁、贞洁和谦虚等.这十三条美德对当今的大学生提高人文素质具有一定的积极作用,教师可以让学生以富兰克林为典范,在日常生活中以十三条美德要求自己.教师也可以让学生们对这些美德进行自由讨论,相互交流,并对目前社会中存在的不良现象进行评价,有助于提高学生的分析能力和社会责任感.所以,英美文学导入是新时期高等教育的重要组成部分,也是提高学生人文素质的重要手段.

我国高等院校,特别是理工科院校的非英语专业学生对英美文学知识了解得相对匮乏,同时大学英语教学的导入方法也比较单一.所以,教师在大学英语教学中利用英美文学知识进行导入,既可以解决课堂导入的单一问题,又可以增强学生的学习兴趣,增加学生对英美文学知识的了解,有助于他们了解西方文化并提高其人文素质,这符合我国高等教育培养全面人才的发展需要,满足21世纪对复合型人才的需求.

参考文献

1、英美电影文学的多媒体教学模式周震,丁文英外语电化教学2002-02-2026

2、独白与交往,何去何从?——浅论英美文学课程的教学吕洪灵;外语与外语教学2006-08-0126

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5. 研究生中英文学术论文写作课程的构建论文

在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等 教育 体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于 毕业 英语论文 范文 大全的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》 读后感 [摘要]:《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题,诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来,宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微,水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物,他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物,也就除掉了对这个世界的感情,最后水手内心发生转变,以新的态度对待自然,为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]:老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父,被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学,熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学,与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命,但又都害怕革命暴力,于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区,致力于写诗,并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系,于是远离城市,隐居于昆布兰湖区,寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇,以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年,两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国 留学 ,被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区,与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾,故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加,1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物,令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真,并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设,不仅影响过他的同时代人,也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈,而且,对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者,仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位,是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。 二、《苦舟子咏》简介 《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事:一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开,赶快去赴宴,却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住,不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风,暴风过后,这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此,厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中,那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动,老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去,仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船,水手们一个个都死在甲板上,每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人,只有他没有死。后来,他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦,使死尸们站了起来,仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风,船却渐渐地移动。于是,这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸,出来迎接。但在他到这船之前,它却突然地沉下了,留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来,他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦,便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着,一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来,方才觉得舒服。 三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的 口号 是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张,又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用,而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步,因为它否定了人身依附关系,肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权,肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话,肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以,它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展,对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在,万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为:上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。 在这两种思想的支配下,作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁,表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物,他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物,也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意,违反自然规律,射死了无辜的信天翁,必然要受到惩罚。于是,灾难来了:风停了,船无法前进,阳光酷热,水手们口干舌燥。这时候,有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆,将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时,老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是,他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为,在道德情感系统中,羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后,就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为,道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说:“凡出自不公正的情感所作的,就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好,并且情感的内容有益于社会,而且还是以有益于社会方式施行,或有所感动,这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现,表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制,常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中,痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的,是低级形式的羞耻感,可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么,羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚,只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物,它激活潜在的思维和力量,专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为,促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏,那他将对道德不屑一顾,达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时,羞耻感要以自尊为前提,一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的,更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近,没有自尊的防卫,就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻,惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误,于是惶惶终日,不断自责自己。 事态进一步发展,在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了,但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去,只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重,导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中,一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析,是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情,感情是对需要的体验,是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素,推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素,推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后,良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为,它便于进行自我谴责,使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责,往往能形成一种力量,促使人们改正自己的行为。 后来,老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法,他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤,孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔,从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸,并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析,是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下,从而进行的对自己内心的深刻 反思 。通过反思,要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案,明白来者可追,逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中,要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思,主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。 故事的最后,老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕:他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人,让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众,承认自己的错误,说出自己的故事,解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔,但还是有种负罪感难以释怀,于是他渴望被人理解,宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样,当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候,不要封闭自己,找一个忠实的听众,把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好 方法 。 总之,柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称,其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶,生与死等哲学问题,宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上,而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面:时而风平浪静,沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起,一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时,柯尔律治并不熟悉大海,但他能凭借想象,使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织,把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体,充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上,长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉,炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体,而长诗的音韵与节奏之美,也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]: 《英美文学选读》 天津大学出版社出版 《英国文学简史》 河南人民出版社出版 《道德心理学》 中南大学出版社出版 毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的 文化 对比分析与翻译 一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段,为适应社会生产活动的需要,在符号的帮 助下产生的。"(苏金智,19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科 学的数字世界里,它的功能是计算,秩序严谨,职司分明,是 实数;而在人类 心灵的数字世界中,它的功能是表义,许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦,1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响,数 字的神化存在着东西方的差异 ,但也存在着共性,有着共同的规律。在"数的 灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天 数",而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚 化"的过程。( 王秉钦,1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文, 如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数 科学语言》(商务印书馆,1998),英国人伦拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作 和论文,并开展过学术探 讨。如,王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围 比较 与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页, 语文出版社,1991,1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语 比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上,英汉文化对比专 业委员会会 员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模 式》展开了激烈的 讨论。本人认为东方人,尤其是中国人,自己心目中的天数 是"九"而不是"三",也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。 二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析 在我国,人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色 彩的数字, 是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning),在我国可 以说历时最久,涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一 般数字,在中国古代被 认为是一种神秘的数字,它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字,继而演化出"神 圣" 之意,于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋,便竭 力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天 分九层,极言其高,天证/诞日为正月初 九,天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例 如,北京 城有九门,天安门城楼面阔九问,门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。 汉语词汇中也常 用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓,如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。 根据阴阳五行与数的关系,万物之根均为数,宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10,五行也是数,按传统的五行 理论来划分,则1、2为木:1为阳木,2为阴 木。以3、4为火:3为阳火,4为阴火。以5、6为土:5为阳土,6为 阴土。 以7、8为金:7为阳金,8为阴金。以9、10为水:9 为阳水,10为阴水。这 就是将"象"、"数"与五行 结合起来推演变化,用以显示事物发展变化的内 在联系。由此看来,"九"是最大的阳数,象征着天。 传说 古 代中国人把天分 为九层,九层天是天的最高处,汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空, "九霄云外" ,"九天揽月","九天九地"等。另外,天坛,这个明清两代 祭天的场所,其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象 征意义。 民间传说中还有"九头 鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。 中国人以"九"为大数,刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道:"凡数 指其极者,皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说:"天地之数,始于一,终于 九。"因此,汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因 从"九"为数之 极而引出人生之限,故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎",避讳有“九”之 岁。例如:“ 老太太因明年八十一岁,是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般 认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征,因 为"九"与"苦"同音,因此忌讳 "九"。然而,《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点 ,采 用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计,结果发现 将"九"作为姓的只占极 少数(约占),而将"九"作为名的却不少(约 占35%)。看来,日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。 此外,《词源》中说:"九:虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时,是数的一种 语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词 典》中,"九"的意思有三个:(1)数目,八加一 后所得;(2)从 冬至 起每九天是一个"九",从一"九" 数起,二"九"、三 "九",一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九,夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次: 九泉,三 弯九转等。因此, 汉语中有不少和"九"有关的 成语 。如:"九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。 在我国,数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十 分丰富。如,"九州"是指传 说中的我国上古行政区划,后用作"中国"的代 称。因此,有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns),古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子,各有所好"。因此,《红楼梦》第九回 中用"一龙生九种,种种各 别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多,龙蛇混杂,好坏不一,各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外,在文娱、体育等词汇中,数字"九"也比比皆是。如, 许多歌名都以"九"开头:"九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中,"九柱戏"(nine pins),兵器中 有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。 地名中也有一些以"九"开头的,如"九 寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外,中国人常把" 九"看成 为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时,人们宁愿多出 钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比 如,湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。 在西方,数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说, "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。 英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多,分别有: 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。 其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有: a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律:数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运 用于文娱和体育活动中。如, 保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球 球场有一十八个洞:跳子棋的棋板上各 方均为九个孔; 古 时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来,数字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睐。 总之,在东西方文化中,数字"九"含有以下主要共性: 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字, 其象征意义均有"神 圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中,数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。 数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于:对中国人来说,其神奇色 彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意 义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。 三、数字"九"的翻译问题 罗马西塞罗说过:"翻译不是字当句对,而是保留语言的总风格和力 量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、 虚化了的"虚数","实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论,结合 东西方文 化的共性与个性,可采用如下的翻译方法,并遵循以下的翻译原则。 可采取的翻译方法主要有: (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了,它并没死,只失掉九条命中的一条。 这样翻译过来,人们很容易接受,因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语, 并能够促进东西方文化的融合 。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现", 这样翻译可以加深对奈 达的"对等"和纽马克的"转 换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字 比如,"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ,"九九归一,还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均 舍弃了数字,转译其 形象意义。 应遵循的原则主要有: (一)民族性原则 比如,汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力",《汉英词典》(外研社,1996)的译 文有三个:"strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”,成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转 化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则 比如:"匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子,月下嫦娥,那魂灵都飘到九霄云外 去了。"(《儒林外史》), 其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译 文因遵循了"习语性原则", 充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则 数字用于模糊意义时,一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时, 必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其 与 其它 的词结合后所产生的形象意义。 比如:"飞流直下三千尽,疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 ",因此,可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢: 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文

英语图表论文模板

在高考中,我们遇到图表类作文的话怎么写?下面是我给大家整理的高中英语图表作文范文,供大家参阅!

受某英文报的委托,你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息,用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。

调查内容:在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中,学生最喜欢哪一种

调查范围:湖北省的10所中学

调查对象:高中生

调查人数:1,000

调查方式:访谈

调查结果:(见下图)

范文:

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students

Recently,a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. In this survey,one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles,news,stories,popular science articles and articles about learning methods.

The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty­six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.

最近,你参加了高三年级组织的“你最重视哪科作业”的调查,结果见下面的饼状图。请据此写一篇短文, 介绍调查结果,并根据其中两个数据谈论自己的看法。

注意:1. 短文的开头已为你写好。

2. 词数不少于60。

Recently, a survey on homework preference has been conducted among senior three students. The results are as follows:

最重视各科作业的学生比例示意图

范文:

Recently, a survey on homework preference has been conducted among senior three students.

The results are as follows: more than half of the students, about 54%, usually put their math homework in the first place while only 7% would rank Chinese as the most important. Meanwhile, English is regarded as most significant by 18% of the participants, and the other subjects attract the attention of 21% of the students.

There is a profound difference between math and Chinese. Without doubt, some students hold the view that math is most interesting and challenging, and it seems easier for us to have a sense of achievement in it. However, each subject has its unique charm and they are of the same value. Therefore, I think we should take every subject seriously and improve our studies in a balanced way.

柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形,要求学生通过柱状图图中数据和提示内容写一短文,属于比较、对照类。也可根据提示写为议论文。通常我们采取三段式写法:

第一段:描述图表,得出结论。

第二段:紧扣主题,根据图表比较分析原因,论证结论。

第三段:发表议论,提出自己的看法。

常用句式:

1. As can be seen from the chart,...As is shown in the chart,...

2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college...

3. From the graph/data/results/information above,it can be seen/concluded/show/estimated...

graph shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...

with...,the number of the students of...

、图表作文的框架 As is shown by the figure in the graph/picture /chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least o good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。

、图表作文的框架 As is shown by the figure in the graph/picture /chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least o good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。

中考英语作文万能模板:阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述. 1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义. 2. 分析并举例使其更充实. 中考英语作文万能模板:解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1. 问题现状 2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is being more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状).Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一)。

For another -------------(解决方法二)。 Finally, --------------(解决方法三)。

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法)。 Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------(带来的好处)。

中考英语作文万能模板:说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测) 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面) 3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一)。 Besides -------------------(A的优点之二)。

But every coin has o sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点). Through the above *** ysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法). (From the parison beeen these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测).) 中考英语作文万能模板:议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 ) There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. (2)利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has o sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. 中考英语作文万能模板:图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least o good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 中考英语作文万能模板:现象说明文(新中国成立以来发生了翻天覆地的变化,) Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture 。

Today was terrible day for me! I was going home together with my parents after having dinner with my father drunk a lot of drove so fast that my mother andd i were such scared all the way!As we know, it's too dangerous to drive so fast after taking too much , we didn't see any busy traffic when we went wo also try to persuade him to slow down for its the way home ,we were always last ,we got home successfully!。

Last Friday,my parents and I went out for dinner. The dishes were tasty. My father drank a glass of red wine. He enjoyed it very much. Then, he drove us home. Unluckily, a policeman stopped us to test whether the driver had drunk any wine. He found it true. So he gave my father a fine of one hundred yuan. He warned him not to drive a car after drinking, as well. My father promised that he would't do such a silly thing again.。

看图作文就是要求根据图画(或表格)的内容展开合理的想像,写出文章的一种写作方式.看图作文应做到以下几点: (1)认真读图,弄清大意:读图时要充分理解图画所表达的内容,弄清图中的人物在干什么,弄清图画背景与人物之间的联系,弄清事情发生的经过. (2) 理出要点,拟定提纲:读图之后,要根据图画表达的主要内容,理出表达的要点.列出要点时要注意分清主次,不能看到图中有什么就认为什么要写.看图作文时描述图画内容是不可取的,应充分展开想像使图画活起来.理出要点之后,就可以根据要点拟定提纲,即把整个图画中要表达的内容先用一句话写下来. (3) 紧扣要点,扩写成文.在列出要点后,依据已经写出来的话语扩写成一篇短文.扩写时,可运用想象适度发挥,紧扣图画的内容,进行适当叙述,连贯通顺即可. (4) 通读短文,修正错误.写好文章之后应通读全文进行检查.在检查时,应着重看短文是否扣住图画的内容,要点是否有遗漏.同时,还要注意有无语法错误,如时态、人称等,是否符合文体特点、格式等等.。

写作原文 AS Is(注意大小写) shown above, a funny hen claimed that her eggs with(that后面应该跟的是从句,从句中应包含谓语动词,建议将with改为have) no edge and the like which is the most fundamntional(拼写错误,改为fundamental)。

(作者这句话是要表达什么内容?)Simple as the drawing is, the symbolic meaning behind ti(改为it) is as deep as ocean(注意句末标点)Honesty is not only necessary, but also indepensible(拼写错误,改为indispensable)。 As the old Chinese proverb says:"Honesty is gold。

" However,in no country other than China, it has been said that, the problum(拼写错误,改为problem) of opposite the pormise(拼写错误,改为promise) more serious(句子逻辑关系不明确,改为the opposite of the original promise is more serious),and people fail to attach attention to the "gold"。 Individuals and anizations can make money, take porfits(拼写错误,改为profits) and even obtain wealth by attend promise。

To be honest can also have added (改为add) benefit of increasing one's knowledge, giving us a new perspective of outside world。 According to a survey conducted by China Acadmy(拼写错误,改为Academy)of Science(CAS),honesty can relieve not only pressure but also anxiety and such problums(拼写错误,改为problems)as depression, stress, isolation and solitude(注意句末标点)All in all,obtain(改为obtaining,一句话中只能有一个谓语动词)the promise plays a key role in our daily life。

The unhonest(改为dishonest,表示“不诚实的”,没有unhonest一词), in view of the plexity of such issue,we must treat it socially,economically and culturally。 with(首字母大写) a proper law, an up-to-date solution, a right perspective and alert public,it will be a matter of time before the problum(拼写错误,改为problem) bees things of the past。

(最后一段缺乏逻辑关系,建议重写) 总体点评 作文能够按照写作要求来写,写作格式基本符合要求。但是文中的问题较多,比如:单词的拼写问题、语法问题、句子的逻辑关系问题等。

希望作者在后面的复习中,先不要急于写文章,从基本的入手,先积累词汇、学习基本语法、积累并模仿高分语言佳句;将重点放在语句模仿上,有空多读外文期刊,了解英语的地道表达,从而不断提高自己的写作水平。 建议作者将每周的时间做一个合理的规划,一周练习一篇作文即可,在练习这篇作文时,可先积累此方面的词汇,之后两天可查找有关方面的经典表达及例文,然后再模仿佳句,等这些都做到位时,再组织文章。

看图作文在英语作文中是大家普遍缺乏练习的一种类型,一个提高的方式就是看范例和点评,针对其中的错误进行自我修正。

考学生or烤家长: 写作原文 In the given picture, there are many parents standing at the gate of (outside)the examination room。 As we see, they are so worried that the sweat began (begin)to pour down their face。

In china, it is mon knowledge that the exam decides (may determine)the future of children。 Hence, it reflects the problem that the (加上current Chinese表意更完整)educational system is unreasonable。

In fact, the problem has existed for several years。 Especially in china, the examination score decides the children's development in the future。

(语法正确,但句意不合理。改为the examination score may influence children's future development。

)In a sense, the examination seems to be the only standard that chooses the talents(can be used to select talents)。 Furthermore, it is so terrible educational system (the educational system is so terrible)。

I think we must take some effective measures to solve this problem。 In my opinion, we should adopt the following measures。

On the one hand, we should reform the educational institution and establish a more flexible approach to choose the talent (select talents)。 On the other hand, parents should give up the idea that the exam is the only key to judge (measure)children's ability。

总体点评 本文立意正确,内容切题,结构完整,需注意以下问题:1、文章的立意虽然正确,且深入切题,但文章的内容不够丰富充实,原因分析不够深刻。 第二段在分析造成现象的时候提出了三点“考试决定孩子的未来”“考试是选拔人才的唯一标准”“教育制度很差”——“考试为什么会决定孩子的未来,它怎样决定了孩子的未来?”“为什么是选拔人才的唯一标准?(在现有的实情方面,因为其他方法难以实施和操作)”“教育制度很差,体现在什么方面?”2、文章内容的衔接逻辑不是很清楚,如第二段先说“考试决定未来”后说“考试是选拔人才的唯一标准”,而实际上“正因为在目前考试是选拔人才的唯一标准,所以考试在某种意义上决定了孩子的未来”。

3、文章依然存有少许汉式思维的句子,有的词组搭配不合理,应在此方面加强。多模仿一些经典佳句。

因此,建议作者以后在写作之中不要提笔就写,先列出一个大纲,把自己的思路理顺,使自己的文章逻辑清晰,通顺流畅。 参考分数(满分20分):12 英语写作水平的提升需要不断地练习,在改正错误中不断取得进步,不怕犯错误,怕明知道犯错误却不面对。

看了范文和点评,希望大家有思考,有提高。

高尔基曾这样说过:“写文章,开头第一句是最难的,好像音乐里的定调一样,往往要费好长时间才能找到它。因此,对于一篇文章来说,开头如何也决定了这篇文章的精彩程度,而四级作文的开头也同样重要。下面,我们来看一些精彩的考研英语段首句吧!

【晨星成长计划,可为在校大学生提供3到30万的成长资金,用于留学、培训、考研、兴趣培养等成长花销,详情登陆官网查询】

1)关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to。Some people suggest that。

2)俗话说……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使今天,它在许多场合仍然使用。

There is an old saying。It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.

3)现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today,。,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily ,。,Second,。What makes things worse is that。.

4)现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外……。

Nowadays,it is mon to。.Many people like。.because。.Besides,。.

5)任何事物都是两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

Everything has o sides and 。.is not an has both advantages and disadvantages.

6)关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为……,在他们看来,……

People's opinions about 。 vary from person to people say thatt。.To them,。.

7)人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变的越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem。.which is being more and more serious.

8)……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年轻人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

has bee a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9)……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10)根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条图形/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages/ in the chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that。.Obviously,。,but why?

最后,晨星成长计划希望大家在考场上充分发挥。考研、留学,爱好培养可以找晨星申请3到30万的成长资金,详情登陆晨星成长计划官网查询!

作文模板的话一般得分都不高,还不如自己写。很多同学提到考研英语作文痛苦不已,究竟怎样在英语作文中取得高分,让自己少走弯路?考研英语作文高分秘诀,唯“积累”二字。

1.考研英语词汇的积累:考研要求同学们掌握大纲上5500词汇,尽管不能一一掌握,但也要掌握常用词汇。大家不妨从考研历年真题入手,将真题中的考研词汇全部“消灭掉”。每碰到一个拿不准的单词,就记到本子上,查出在文章中的具体意思以及其他比较常用的释义,然后在空闲的时间,经常翻阅(有本《考研真相》真题书是直接做好的)。

2.语法的积累:英语写作中,语句对错的唯一检查标准便是语法是否正确。同学们在复习过程中,除了记住辅导班老师上课讲的语法知识外,还应该准备一本专门讲语法的书,仔细推敲里面的语法知识,要能够在脑袋里面形成一个清晰的语法结构图。考研英语写作中,如果能够出现非谓语动词、从句以及一些插入语,会为文章增色不少。

3.阅读的积累:同学们平时应该大量阅读英语美文,可以订阅一些英语报刊,摘抄美文进行背诵。注意总结一些高难句模板,在写作中时自然而然地运用几句也可以为作文加分不少。

4.练笔的积累:有些同学平时从来很少写作文,认为多记一些模板就可以了。其实,大家平时应该多练练笔,可以用英语写一些日记,一个星期至少写1到2篇的英语作文,并且经常找老师修改,纠正自己的语法错误,只有这样才能够逐渐让英语写作能力得到提高。

5.书写的积累:这是一个被很多同学所忽视的问题。由于考研为扫描后再阅卷,电脑中看起来,要比在试卷上的更潦草,所以大家的书写非常重要,漂亮的英语书写能够为作文加分,同学们在平时应当有意识加强书写训练。

(注:考研英语写作《写作160篇》――第一本考研英语话题写作)

. is just the same as…/is pared to…/is like…

例句:Life in the middle of marriage if often pared to wire walking, for in the early years spouses attract each other and in late years they need each other.

of the great men o北京哪家考研专业课辅导最好ne said that…/There is an old saying that…

例句:A gifted American psychologist once said that it is an illusion to believe in the Sunday-school truth—more fort, more happiness.

推荐考研英语写作:【红宝书】考研英语写作(图画+话题)180篇,主要背的是书中经典必背的文章,当然预测部分也有背,快速浏览一些热点话题,这样在考场上你才能写出至少令自己满意的文章来。

以下是个人在写作中摸索的复习方法。 NO。

1 背诵 第三步骤就是背诵:背诵一些经典的话题范文,尽量达到“滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善”。 例如文章里的高分佳句,可以选择性的熟记加之模仿,灵活运用到写作中去。

NO。2写作 写作写作,背完之后还是要动笔写!“好记性不如烂笔头”,可以拿考题多加练习。

可以找有范文的题目进行练习,因为这样方便写完后能与范文进行对比。 NO。

3仔细对比 第三个就是仔细对比,写完后对照范文从三个方面去研究:第一个是内容,也就是构思和原文有何区别;第二个是语言,也就是用词、用句和原文有何区别?第三个是结构,就是你的行文思路和原文有什么区别?这是第二个步骤,写作的区别其实就是写作的弱点。 写完一篇之后及时检查文章是否切题,行文是否流畅,有无严重语法错误等,同时通过与范文的比较可以及时发现自己的不足,例如要检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来,题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。

NO。4第四个步骤就是默写:背熟后把书合上,把这篇文章默写下来。

默写后,做一个工作:仔细对比原文发现写作弱点,你会发现你默写的文章和原文会有一些出入。包括拼写、语法、标点,这种错误就是你写作的弱点,把这些错误用红笔标出来。

发现自己的错误及时更正,然后自我总结,以免下次再犯。 NO。

5 模仿 第五个步骤就是模仿:什么叫模仿?就是仿写你背过的文章再写出一篇新文章。 在背完一篇文章后,要想想这篇文章有什么精彩的词组、词汇和句型可以使用。

然后换一个话题,把这篇作文用一下,用里面词汇、词组和句型去构思另一篇文章。

看图作文在英语作文中是大家普遍缺乏练习的一种类型,一个提高的方式就是看范例和点评,针对其中的错误进行自我修正。

养老“足球赛”: 写作原文 As is depicted in the picture, a poor old man, rolling like a football, is kicked beeen(改为among,注意beeen和among的区别,beeen表示在两者之间,among则表示在三者或三者以上之间) his three sons and daughter(改为a daughter)。 Unwilling to be responsible for their father ,the daughter and sons spare no effort to kick the old man as far as possible。

We are irritated to see in the picture(建议放到句首或句末) the pathetic fact that these people go to any length to avoid surporting(拼写错误,改为supporting) their parents。 Unfortunately, what we have seen in the picture isn't a rare phenomenon。

However,what factor it is that results in this situation? (汉语式英语,改为what is the cause of this situation?) For one thing, in my opinion, the decreased importance attached to the moral education contributes to the lack of ethnic conception,leading (建议改为定语从句,which leads)to the consequence that paople(拼写错误,改为people) don 't esteem and(改为or,肯定句中用and,否定句中用or) value their parents。 For another, faced with the pressure of work and house installment, young people can hardly make ends meet, let alone taking good care of their old parents who is(改为are,定语从句的先行词为parents,从句中的谓语动词应用are) fragile to a sudden disease such as heart attack。

There is no denying that further attention must be paid to the problem by the government。 To handle this worsening situation, more money should be involed(拼写错误,改为involved) in the pension to guarantee the daily life of old people。

In addition, instead of merely focusing on the scores, schools ought to put more stress on moral education。(结尾较为仓促,可适当添加总结性的话语) 总体点评 考研作文的整体思路你已经基本掌握;但还存在个别简单的语法错误、单词拼写错误及汉语式英语的问题。

建议作者多读、多积累好的词汇及句子;之后可按照佳句进行模仿,以达到用地道的英语表达方式描述自己想法的目的;再者,写完之后一定要认真检查,减少失分点。 参考分数(满分20分):12 英语写作水平的提升需要不断地练习,在改正错误中不断取得进步,不怕犯错误,怕明知道犯错误却不面对。

看了范文和点评,希望大家有思考,有提高。

英语书面表达论文结语模板范文

万能的英语作文模板,可以让我们写作的速度加快。下面是我给大家整理的万能英语作文范文模板,供大家参阅!

开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to have received your letter of .

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分:

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入:

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the ...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However,the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)

Their reasons are as the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论:

第4段:Personally speaking,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages,for it will do us more harm than good,so I support it.(个人观点) オ

呼语及开场白部分:

Ladies and gentlemen,May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.

正文部分:

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分:

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll have a nice time here.

That’s you.

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student,I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句,承上启下)

正文:

第2段:First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论:

第3段:In conclusion,I believe that...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem,but the following may be most of all...Another way to solve the problem is ...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

导入:

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many that B is much would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer main reason is that ...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段:Of course,B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)

结论:

第4段:But if all these factors are considered,A is much better than what has been discussed above,we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.

The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 .

This means that as (进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 .

After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化,

the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) .

The figures also tell us that图表细节二 .

In the column,we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).

Judging from these figures,we can draw the conclusion that (结论).

The reason for this,as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因).

It is high time that we (发出倡议).

图画类写作模板:

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture,we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated..

根据心理学家们的研究,对人权的思考总是随着地点,情形还有时间的不同而改变。我们在谈判桌时的想法跟坐在朋友家的桌子旁时是不同的。作为对手,我们应该用另外一种方式思考。但是如果双方能本着友好的态度进行谈判的话,那么就有很大的可能来避免误解和许多障碍。

问题一:英语论文结尾怎么写 什么类型的 问题二:英语专业论文的结束语怎么写? 1. If you would like to know more about my ability, I can be available for an interview at any time convenient to you。 倘若阁下愿意接见本人以了解我的能力,我将随时侯教。 2. If you desire an interview, I shall be most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint。 如贵公司有意面试,本人一定遵照所指定的时日,前往拜访。 3. Should you entertain my application favorably, I would spare to trouble acquit myself to your satisfaction。 假如本人之应征能歌德青睐而进入贵公司服务,本人必以排除万难之决心,为贵公司工作,以符厚望。 4. If you feel that I am suited for the job that you have in mind, please inform me of the time convenient for an interview. I hope to hear from you in the near future。 如阁下认为我适合该项工作条件,请尽快惠函赐知面试。 5. You will find enclosed a testimonial from the President of the University who has kindly offered to provide you with any further details you may require。 关于阁下对我个人所需之详细材料,可从所附的邮电大学校长推荐函获悉。 6. I hope that you will give me an interview at some time convenient to you。 敬希阁下抽空惠予接见。 7. If there is further information that you wish in the meantime, please let me know. I can always be reached at the address given at the beginning of this letter。 若需有关本人的更详细资料,请按本函上方所载地址惠函示知。 8. I shall be able to call for an interview at your convenience and shall be able to supply any necessary or examples of my previous work。 只要阁下时间方便,我随时都可晋见,并随时提供我过去工作情况的所有资料。 9. I am happy to refer you upon your request people who can tell you of my work and my character。 我乐于奉告阁下,如阁下要求提供查询人,以便了解我的工作情况和性格,我可以满足阁下要求。 ......>> 问题三:英文论文的详细格式 外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) 外国语学院 2001级英语教育 1030120011XX XXX 指导老师:XXX (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。) 【Key Words】 idiom; parison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) 1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) … 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,......>> 问题四:如何写英语文章的总结 1.文章结构要紧凑。2.审题不能偏移主题。3.尤其重要的是要善用短语,优美的句子,就是将书本上的短语,句子借鉴过来。4.在3的基础上多使用从句,利用各种关系的连词使上下文衔接恰当。 问题五:英文论文结论部分该怎么写? 10分 简单总结一下之前每个论点,再次陈述中心思想。比开头要深入,段落上可以比开头长一些。 问题六:英语论文中最后一部分Conclusion 中的后续研究如何写? 5分 to sum up,in a word,generally speaking,想这些总结性的句子可以挑一个,然后就总结一些你的观点,点一下提就ok了 问题七:英语论文最后一章Conclusion通常要写些什么内容? general statement + summary of the whole抚thesis + conclusion

英语论文范文模板

英语议论文写作是英语专业学习者学习中很重要的一项技能,恰当运用评价资源能增强作者表达对事件的态度和立场,开启话题,可以感染和说服读者。以下是我为大家整理的关于英语议论文范文,给大家作为参考,欢迎阅读!

英语议论文范文篇1

My opinion on copying others' homework

It is konwn to us all that some students copy others' homework,their reasons are as below:first of all,the homework is too much and always difficult;the second,they are not intrested in the lessons;and the third,the aim of finishing their homework is to please the teacher.

In my opinion,copying others' homework is not good,because it's against the rules of the should be honest and work hard to get high we have difficulties,we can even ask the teacher or our classmates for their help.

英语议论文范文篇2

Now it is common that students copy homework from their classmates. I think it is a terrible thing . Because homework is their own task and the check for what they learn in class.

If they copy others' homework , the teachers won't get the fact so they can't help the students to improve. Besides ,if the students can't finish their homework, they can't get the chance to go over their lessons so they can't make progress. So don't copy others' homework.

英语议论文范文篇3

In the picture we can see that a man is fishing attentively by the him there is a scholar who is stealing the fish in the man’s is obvious that the drawer of the picture tries to reveal a serious problemin the academic circle of our country — plagiarism. In recent years academiccheats have become rampant. Quite a lot of graduate students and scholars“use” others’ ideas, articles and papers without acknowledging the sourceof information.

They copy them without the fear that they might be a long time we paid less attention to the problem of plagiarism, butnow we are increasingly aware of its negative effects. Plagiarists’misconduct simply mean “stealing” others’ intellectual and academicaccomplishments, which not only depreciates their own humanity but contaminatesthe climate of the academic circle. Academic falsification is like an epidemicdisease that spreads fast and will destroy the healthy development of academicstudies. What’s worse, these plagiarists have set a very disreputable exampleto the younger generation.

So what attitude should we hold towards it? From my point of view, weshould resolutely battle against this ill phenomenon. Education of moralityshould be strengthened among the scholars and students. Those who steal others’academic achievements should be given severe punishment whenever they arespotted. If necessary, we can resort to the law to protect the interest of theoriginal writer and inventor. We must recognize that fighting againstplagiarism requires our persistent efforts.

翻译

在画中我们可以看到一位男子正在专心地在湖边钓鱼,在他身后有一位学者模样的人正从钓鱼人的鱼桶中偷鱼。显然,作这幅画的人是想揭示我国学术界的一个严重的问题—— 剽窃。近年来学术欺诈盛行,有不少研究生、学者“利用”别人的想法、文章和论文而不注明信息来源。

他们抄袭他人作品,不怕被抓。对剽窃问题很长时间以来我们关注甚少,现在我们越来越多地意识到它的负面影响。剽窃行为其实就是“偷”他人的知识和学术成就。剽窃不仅贬低人格,而且污染学术风气,它会像传染病那样迅速蔓延,破坏学术研究的健康发展。更糟的是,这些剽窃者给年轻的一代树立了坏榜样。

议论文是以议论为主要表达方式,通过摆事实,讲道理,直接表达作者的观点和主张的常用文体。接下来给大家分享英语议论文模板及范文,供参考。

Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2-3个赞成的理由)

However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2-3个反对的理由)

Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)

Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive

aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To

begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same

time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

Shall we send children to study abroad?

With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family. #p#分页标题#e#

In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, we’d better not do it.

万能的英语作文模板,可以让我们写作的速度加快。下面是我给大家整理的万能英语作文范文模板,供大家参阅!

开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to have received your letter of .

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分:

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入:

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the ...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However,the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)

Their reasons are as the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论:

第4段:Personally speaking,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages,for it will do us more harm than good,so I support it.(个人观点) オ

呼语及开场白部分:

Ladies and gentlemen,May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.

正文部分:

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分:

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll have a nice time here.

That’s you.

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student,I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句,承上启下)

正文:

第2段:First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论:

第3段:In conclusion,I believe that...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem,but the following may be most of all...Another way to solve the problem is ...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

导入:

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many that B is much would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer main reason is that ...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段:Of course,B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)

结论:

第4段:But if all these factors are considered,A is much better than what has been discussed above,we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.

The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 .

This means that as (进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 .

After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化,

the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) .

The figures also tell us that图表细节二 .

In the column,we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).

Judging from these figures,we can draw the conclusion that (结论).

The reason for this,as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因).

It is high time that we (发出倡议).

图画类写作模板:

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture,we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated..

图表描述英语论文模板

、图表作文的框架 As is shown by the figure in the graph/picture /chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least o good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。

、图表作文的框架 As is shown by the figure in the graph/picture /chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least o good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。

中考英语作文万能模板:阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述. 1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义. 2. 分析并举例使其更充实. 中考英语作文万能模板:解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1. 问题现状 2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is being more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状).Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一)。

For another -------------(解决方法二)。 Finally, --------------(解决方法三)。

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法)。 Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------(带来的好处)。

中考英语作文万能模板:说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测) 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面) 3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一)。 Besides -------------------(A的优点之二)。

But every coin has o sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点). Through the above *** ysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法). (From the parison beeen these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测).) 中考英语作文万能模板:议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 ) There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. (2)利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has o sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. 中考英语作文万能模板:图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least o good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 中考英语作文万能模板:现象说明文(新中国成立以来发生了翻天覆地的变化,) Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture 。

Today was terrible day for me! I was going home together with my parents after having dinner with my father drunk a lot of drove so fast that my mother andd i were such scared all the way!As we know, it's too dangerous to drive so fast after taking too much , we didn't see any busy traffic when we went wo also try to persuade him to slow down for its the way home ,we were always last ,we got home successfully!。

Last Friday,my parents and I went out for dinner. The dishes were tasty. My father drank a glass of red wine. He enjoyed it very much. Then, he drove us home. Unluckily, a policeman stopped us to test whether the driver had drunk any wine. He found it true. So he gave my father a fine of one hundred yuan. He warned him not to drive a car after drinking, as well. My father promised that he would't do such a silly thing again.。

看图作文就是要求根据图画(或表格)的内容展开合理的想像,写出文章的一种写作方式.看图作文应做到以下几点: (1)认真读图,弄清大意:读图时要充分理解图画所表达的内容,弄清图中的人物在干什么,弄清图画背景与人物之间的联系,弄清事情发生的经过. (2) 理出要点,拟定提纲:读图之后,要根据图画表达的主要内容,理出表达的要点.列出要点时要注意分清主次,不能看到图中有什么就认为什么要写.看图作文时描述图画内容是不可取的,应充分展开想像使图画活起来.理出要点之后,就可以根据要点拟定提纲,即把整个图画中要表达的内容先用一句话写下来. (3) 紧扣要点,扩写成文.在列出要点后,依据已经写出来的话语扩写成一篇短文.扩写时,可运用想象适度发挥,紧扣图画的内容,进行适当叙述,连贯通顺即可. (4) 通读短文,修正错误.写好文章之后应通读全文进行检查.在检查时,应着重看短文是否扣住图画的内容,要点是否有遗漏.同时,还要注意有无语法错误,如时态、人称等,是否符合文体特点、格式等等.。

英语论文格式模板2017

英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文,除了细心严谨之外,还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板,欢迎阅读!

英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。

英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距 cm,左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。

字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。

行距:单倍行距。

页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。

文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。

数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)

图表:

标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。

位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。

底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。

照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。

扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。

参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。

1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。

2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。

3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。

4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。

5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。

6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。

7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。

8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。

9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。

10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。

11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。

文献注释

注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:

①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。

在高考中,我们遇到图表类作文的话怎么写?下面是我给大家整理的高中英语图表作文范文,供大家参阅!

受某英文报的委托,你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息,用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。

调查内容:在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中,学生最喜欢哪一种

调查范围:湖北省的10所中学

调查对象:高中生

调查人数:1,000

调查方式:访谈

调查结果:(见下图)

范文:

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students

Recently,a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. In this survey,one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles,news,stories,popular science articles and articles about learning methods.

The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty­six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.

最近,你参加了高三年级组织的“你最重视哪科作业”的调查,结果见下面的饼状图。请据此写一篇短文, 介绍调查结果,并根据其中两个数据谈论自己的看法。

注意:1. 短文的开头已为你写好。

2. 词数不少于60。

Recently, a survey on homework preference has been conducted among senior three students. The results are as follows:

最重视各科作业的学生比例示意图

范文:

Recently, a survey on homework preference has been conducted among senior three students.

The results are as follows: more than half of the students, about 54%, usually put their math homework in the first place while only 7% would rank Chinese as the most important. Meanwhile, English is regarded as most significant by 18% of the participants, and the other subjects attract the attention of 21% of the students.

There is a profound difference between math and Chinese. Without doubt, some students hold the view that math is most interesting and challenging, and it seems easier for us to have a sense of achievement in it. However, each subject has its unique charm and they are of the same value. Therefore, I think we should take every subject seriously and improve our studies in a balanced way.

柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形,要求学生通过柱状图图中数据和提示内容写一短文,属于比较、对照类。也可根据提示写为议论文。通常我们采取三段式写法:

第一段:描述图表,得出结论。

第二段:紧扣主题,根据图表比较分析原因,论证结论。

第三段:发表议论,提出自己的看法。

常用句式:

1. As can be seen from the chart,...As is shown in the chart,...

2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college...

3. From the graph/data/results/information above,it can be seen/concluded/show/estimated...

graph shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...

with...,the number of the students of...

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