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高中英语学科论文大纲模板样本

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高中英语学科论文大纲模板样本

由于英语作文考查的是学生词汇、语法、句式等各种知识的掌握情况,因此学生要写好英语作文,就必须全面掌握英语知识。下面,是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文模板,希望对你有帮助!

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论:

第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is

that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论:

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板: 导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构) 4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

1. 美语与英语在单词拼法上的差异 美语与英语在单词拼法上的差异主要有两种:一种是单词发生变化使得个别字母不相同,另一种是美语单词较为简化。前者如enquire(英)与inquire(美),这两个单词的第一个字母不相同。但都是商品交易前,一方向对方洽询有关商品的价格、数量、交货时间及付款条件等的询价;“车胎”的英语单词在英国用tyre,在美国则是tire;“睡衣”的英式英语是pajamas,美语则是pyjamas;“执照”,“特许证”的英式英语用licence,美语则用license。这类单词仅一个字母不同,发音上有的相同,有的则相似。 美语的单词一般比英语单词要简单。近年来,美语越来越趋向简化,充分体现了美国人生活和工作高效快捷的现代化特性。这些较为简化的词大都源于英语,大量词汇在英语里仍然保持原貌。而进入美语后,这些单词就逐渐变得简单起来,从而使用起来较为方便。如较常见的单词colour(颜色),在美语里就拼写成color,少了一个“u”字母;refrigerator(电冰箱)美语是fridge,美语比原单词要简单得多。美语单词的简化现象是美语与英语在单词拼法上的差异的主要表现。 2. 美语与英语在日期、数字表达方面的差异 在日期方面,美英英语的表达方式是有差别的。以日为先,月份为后,此为英国式;美国式则与此相反,以月为先,日期则在后。如一九九六年三月二日的写法: 2nd March, 1996(英) March 2, 1996(美) 在美式的写法中,1st, 2nd, 3rd的st, nd, rd是不使用的。由于日期书面表达不同,读法也不一样。如1987年4月20日,英式的写法是20th April, 1987,读成the twentieth of April, nineteen eighty-seven;美式的表达是April 20, 1987,则读成April the twentieth, nineteen eighty-seven。同样,全部用数字表达日期时,英美也有差别。1998年5月6日按照英国式应写成6/5/98,而按照美国式应写成5/6/98;是英国式的1998年8月1日,按照美国的表达方式却是1998年1月8日,美国的1998年8月1日应写成08,01,1998。 在数字口头表达方面,两国也存在着差别。$175(175美元)英语读成a(one) hundred and seventy five dollars,美语读成one hundred seventy five dollars,常省略and;表达连续同样数字的号码时,英语习惯用double或triple,美语一般不这样用,如电话号码320112,英语读成three two zero, double one two,美语则读成three two zero one one two, 999 234英语读成nine double nine (triple nine) two three four,美语则读成nine nine nine two three four,不过美国人也把连续三个相同的号码读成three 加上这个数字的复数形式,如999读成three nines。 3. 美语与英语在书信方面的差异 商务英语书信(Business or Commercial English Correspondence)是指交易时所使用的通信。在美国,常用Business writing,它包括书信、电报、电话、电传、报告书、明信片等。 英语和美语在书信体例方面存在着一定的差异,比如信头和称呼、书信格式、遣词、结尾客套语等均有所不同。一般来说,英国书信较为保守,许多英国人喜欢用老式书信体,用词较为正式刻板,而美国书信语言非常生气、有活力,格式也较为简便。因此当我们写信的对象是英国或其旧殖民地国家时,要使用标准式英语Queens English;如果写信的对象是美国或美国势力范围的地区时,就要用美国英语。当然,英国式的语言文化近年来也有变化,但总体来说,两者间的差异是很明显的。 商业英文书信,一般都要求用打字机或电脑整齐地打印,左边各行开头垂直的,称为垂直式或齐头式(Block style),美国常用这种格式;每段的第一个词缩进去,称为缩进式或锯齿式(indented style),英国常用此格式。垂直式的职务及签名都在左边的边栏界线,这种格式,在极度尊重工作效率的美国公司,已普遍采用。 正式的商业英语书信要在称呼的上方写上收信公司名称和地址或收信人的名字全称、职务及地址,称为信内地址(Inside address)。信内地址的写法也有垂直式和缩进式之分,垂直式和称美国式将各行并列,缩进式或称英国式将各行依次退缩。不过,笔者注意到,近来英国商业书信信内地址并未依次缩进,似乎与美国式相同。此外,在美国还流行一种普通收信人地址的写法,就是在书信的Inside Address中,把门牌号和街名都省略掉。 在英文书信中要使用敬语,最普遍的敬语是Mr, Mrs和Miss(用于未婚女性)。英国人常在男性的姓名之后用Esq. (Esquire的缩写),不过在商业上也在慢慢地改用Mr. Mmes. (Madam的复数形式),用于二个女士以上。Messrs(Mr的复数形式)用于二个以上的男人,或用于二个以上的男人组成的公司或团体。在英国式英文信里,Mr, Mrs, Messrs,均不加缩写句点,相反地趋向于进步自由的美语反而加缩写句点如Mr., Mrs., Messrs.。 4. 在称呼方面,商业上最普遍的有Gentlemen(美国式)与Dear Sirs(英国式)二种,相当于我国的"敬启者"或"谨启者"。如果信是写给各个公司单位的,不是写给某个具体人的,美语用Gentlemen(复数形式),英语用Dear Sirs。如果对方公司只一人时,必须使用Sir/Dear Sir。称呼后一般要使用标点符号,英国式采用逗号(comma),美国式用分号(colon)。 书信结尾客套语(complimentary close)有多种,相当于我国书信在结尾时使用的"敬礼"、"致敬"、"顺安"等句。最为典型的美国式写法是Sincerely和Best regards,典型的英国式表达有Yours sincerely(熟人或知道对方姓名),Best wishes, kind regards 和yours faithfully(不知姓名)。此外,英国式的客套语还有特别礼貌的格式,但除了特殊情况外,现在不再使用。 5.美语与英语在习惯用语差异 美语与英语在习惯用法上也存在着明显的差异。比如,英国英语在虚拟式中往往要加should,而美语大都不用。表示"有"或"没有"的概念,英语用to have/haven’t got,美语则用to have/don’t have;"不得不"、"必须"做什么,英语用to have got to do something,美语只须说to have to do something;"假期临时工"英语用holiday jobs,美语用summer/temporary jobs;"租用计算机"英语的表达是computer hire,美语用computer rental;"从某某学校毕业",英美表达习惯也不同,"graduate"一词,在美语里可以用于任何种类的学校,如graduate from university/school等,而在英语里,graduate仅限于大学毕业,中学毕业要用leave;当谈到某家公司待遇低的时候,英语通常的表达是It was badly paid,而美语的表达则是It didn’t pay very much;"我与老板相处得很好"英语的表达是I got ort very well with my boss,但美语则用got along代替句中的got on;"提高价格"英语用put up prices,美语用raise prices;"上计算机课"英语的表达是go on a computer course,美语则说take a computer course。 6. 通电话时,英美两国也有不同的表达方式,如果自己是办公室的秘书或接线员之类的职员,不是对方要找的人,我们常说"请稍候",英语的习惯表达是hold the line, please,美语通常用hold on;如果要求对方(如接线员)转给经理,英语的表达是Could you connect me with the manager?美语通常用介词"to"代替句中的介词"with. 当然了,美语和英语之间的差别还有别的方面的,但是美语毕竟是从英语中发展出来的。现在小学生的课本里还是多多采用英式英语的,毕竟它是比较正统的用来做学问的嘛!美式英语在口语中用的比较时髦啦,毕竟美国还是世界第一大国嘛! 再介绍篇范文In this thesis, the differences between British and American English will be discussed. As well known to all, British English and American English are two main dialects of English in the world, which are widely used. Although they are almost the same in many aspects, they are two kinds of English and there are a lot of differences between them, which are more and more obvious recently. This topic is very popular, so many people have written lots of articles on this topic, which is very useful to the English learners. To be consistent in his use of English and, more importantly, to be understood, the non-native speaker needs to know which words have distinct meanings and pronunciations depending on whether they are used by a Briton or an American. This is necessary not only for sake of communication, but also to avoid this thesis differences in pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and usage will be discussed. Probably the major difference between British and American English lies in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties. Although they are different in so many aspects, the largest difference is probably that of the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation. The following is my poor view of this topic.

英语论文提纲 格式

英语论文的论文提纲应该怎样编写呢?让我们看看建议以及论文的提纲范文吧!

Acknowledgements 4-5

Abstract 5

摘要 6-9

Chapter One Introduction 9-16

Introduction 9

Background of the Study 9-12

Purpose of the Study 12-13

Significance of the Research 13-14

Thesis Structure 14-16

Chapter Two Literature Review 16-25

Introduction 16

Theoretical Background of Communicative Language Teaching 16-19

Concept of Communicative Competence 16-17

Hymes'Idea on Communicative Competence 17-18

Canale and Swain's Theory 18-19

Overview of Communicative Language Teaching 19-22

Development of Communicative Language Teaching in China 19-20

Features of Communicative Language Teaching 20-22

Relationship between Language Testing and Language Teaching 22

Summary 22-25

Chapter Three Analysis of IELTS Speaking Test and Questionnaire 25-36

Introduction 25

Analysis of IELTS Speaking Test 25-28

Structure of IELTS Speaking Test 25-27

Communicative Approach Embodied in IELTS Speaking Test 27-28

The Questionnaire 28-34

Design 28-29

Participants 29-32

Methods 32

General Results 32-34

Summary 34-36

Chapter Four Findings and Discussion 36-54

Introduction 36

Chinese Candidates'Performance in IELTS Speaking Test 36-38

IELTS Candidates'Attitude towards Oral English Teaching 38-43

Explanations for the Situation 43-45

Implications for College Oral English Teaching 45-52

Teaching Goal 46-47

Teaching Content 47-48

Teaching Methods 48-51

Make Use of Modern Teaching Equipment 51

Establish an Extracurricular Supervision System 51-52

Improve Oral English Testing and Evaluation 52

Summary 52-54

Chapter Five Conclusion 54-57

Summary of the Findings 54-55

Limitations and Suggestion for Further Study 55-57

Appendix Questionnaire 57-58

Bibliography 58-62

首先英语论文提纲页应当包括论题句和提纲本身。

其次英语论文的格式规范是怎样的:

第一、要在第一行,也就是在与打印纸顶端的距离约为处,第一行的始端打上“Thesis”一词以及冒号,然后空一格后再打上论题句,接着回行时要注意左边要和论题句的第一个字母保持上下对齐,否则就会出问题(至少你也希望自己长得标致吧,那么那样不标致的论文你看得应该也不顺眼吧)。

第二、论文的主要纲目要用大写的.罗马数字标出,而次要纲目就要依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字以及小写英文字母标出。这里要注意的是各数字或者字母后面都要是一个句点,然后空出一格再打上这一项内容的第一个字母;对于处于同一等级的纲目,一定要注意它的上下行左边都必须保持对齐。另外,同等重要的纲目要在两个以上,也就是说有A应有B,有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ类似这样的。

最后,需要说明的是要是英文论文的提纲比较长的话,那就要用上两页纸,而且第二页应该在右上角用上小写罗马数字标出其页码来,即是ii,这里要注意的是那第一页就可以不用标页码了。

这方面的论文在品学论文网很多的哦,你可以参考下,如果还有不清楚的地方,可以咨询下他们的在线辅导老师,我之前也是求助他们帮忙的,很快就给我了,当时还是品学论文的王老师帮忙的,态度不错,呵呵,相对于一唬埂杠忌蕲涣搁惟功隶些小机构和个人要靠谱的多

英语计算机论文大纲模板样本

计算机英语是学习计算机新理论和新技术的桥梁。计算机英语教材的主要目标是培养计算机及其相关专业学生使用本专业英语的能力。下面是我为大家整理的计算机英语论文,供大家参考。

计算机英语论文范文一:计算机英语教学实训设计研究

1高职高专计算机英语的特点

时效性和实用性

新技术飞速发展,大量的计算机专业概念专业词汇随着新技术的发展层出不穷。如ITinformationtechnology;online;E-merce等都是随着新技术的发展产生和应用的,因此它的时效性和实用性显而易见。

专业性与客观性

计算机专业文章一般重在客观地陈述事实,力求严谨和清清楚,避免主观成分和感 *** 彩,这就决定了计算机英语具有客观性。

专业术语多

如:CPUCentralProcessingUnit:中央处理器;DBSMDatabaseSystem资料库管理系统OperatingSystem作业系统.

缩略语经常出现

如:MBMotherBoard:主机板,LCDLiquidCrystalDisplay:液晶萤幕USBUniversalSerialBus:通行序列汇流排;

合成的新词多

如:input出入;output输出;Personalputer:个人计算机;

介词短语、分词短语和名词性片语和长句使用频繁

如:Someapplicationpackagesofferconsiderableputingpowerbyfocusingonasingletask,suchaswordprocessing;others,calledintegratedsoftwareoffersomewhatlesspowerbutincludeseveralapplications,suchasawordprocessor,aspreadsheet,andadatabaseprogram.有些应用程式包可就一个单项任务提供相当的计算能力,如文书处理;其它应用程式包,称为综合软体,计算能力略差但也包括了很多应用功能,如:文书处理器,电子表格和资料库程式等。

2如何开展高职高专计算机英语教学和实训

“加快现代职业教育体系建设,深化产教融合、校企合作,培养数以亿计的高素质劳动者和技术技能人才。”是发展职业教育的指导思想。高职高专IT职业英语的任务就是要培养既有一定IT专业技术技能,又有较强的外语水平的高素质人才。

合理的课程安排

高职高专《计算机英语》主要针对高职院校的计算机各专业学生开设,是计算机专业学生学好计算机专业课程的一门重要工具。为软体技术,资讯管理,物联网技术,等专业方向的学生必修课。

实用的高职高专计算机英语实训内容

通过计算机英语教学内容的学习,使学生掌握电脑科学相关硬体和软体以及相关计算机技术的英语表达方式,并运用到实践中。在实训时,学生应能够运用所学的计算机英语知识,根据看到的硬体装置实现口头表达,以及借助相关工具书和翻译软体,对与自己专业相关文献和应用软体,实现书面表达。了解上机时常见的提示资讯及解释,根据专业方向能看懂与本专业相关的专业资讯提示。通过本课程实训使学生扫清上机时使用英语软体的障碍,并且使学生具备阅读计算机专业英语书刊的能力,能听懂一般性专业学术报告的能力。

基于专业需求的课程和实训设计

1基于专业需求的课程和实训设计设计理念计算机英语程开发遵循“劳动过程系统化”的先进教学理念,贯穿日常教学中,将理论教学中渗入实训教学环节,提出集专案确定——专案分析——专案策划——专案管理与评估为一体的系统的实训教学模式,以专案驱动来完成知识的内化。在软体技术专业可以侧重SoftwareEngineer的教学与实训设计;网路工程专业则可以加强puterNetworks的教学与实训设计;而资讯管理专业应侧重DatabaseSystem的教学与实训设计。

2基于专业需求的课程和实训设计设计思路计算机英语课程和实训设计的总体思路是:以市场为导向,基于IT行业人员工作岗位基本职责进行教学和实训设计,紧紧围绕各专业人才培养方案实施教学和实训,取舍教材内容,为专业服务。

3基于专业需求的课程和实训设计培养目标根据高职教育的指导思想和培养目标,在更新教学理念和创新教学模式的过程中,计算机英语课程和实训设计,以促进就业为导向,适应技术进步和生产方式变革以及社会公共服务的需要社会需求为出发点,以“实用为主,够用为度”为原则,突出专业特点,突出课程的实用性,适应计算机相应专业需求的,培养具有动手能力和创新意识的高技术人才。计算机英语是一门实用时很强的课程,要求教师具有较强的英语语言知识与应用能力,同时要具备对科技前沿的洞察力,更需要更新教学理念,创新教学模式,注重实训环节。

计算机英语论文范文二:计算机英语课内实践教学研究

1.课内实践教学多元化

“任务驱动”教学方式

对于该课程,课内实践教学的目的是为了充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用,因此,采用“任务驱动”的方式可以较好的激发学生的积极性。“任务驱动”指的是学生在学习过程中,在教师的帮助下,围绕一个共同的任务为中心来完成,在这个过程中,学生会通过任务的程序获得成就感,可以较大地激发他们的积极性,逐步形成一个良性回圈,从而培养学生独立思考和自主学习能力。该门课内实践教学结合任务驱动的方式,已经采用的是让学生选择自己感兴趣的某个IT领域技术方向,运用文献检索方法,自行查询英文文献并阅读翻译,在课堂上用英文对其作报告,并制作英文PPT加以展示,并新增现场提问的环节,培养学生用英文进行学术答辩的能力。通过在课堂上使用这种实践方式,已取得了较好的效果。

其他多元化的任务方式

除了培养学生英文文献检索、学术报告的能力之外,应用型本科IT专业学生是未来IT行业的建设者之一,该课内实践教学还要考虑市场需求的因素。在IT行业中,企业对员工专业英语能力的需求是必要且多样化的;如测试、编码等初级职位员工只需要阅读使用者介面、操作说明等英文文献的能力;而对于技术研究等中级职位,不仅需要阅读能力还要求掌握一定的翻译技能、回复英文邮件等;在更高级别的工作如订单签订、专案谈判等事务中,则需要具备听、说、读、写、译各方面的综合能力以及跨文化交流能力。因此在今后的实践教学中,计划新增多样的任务方式,如设计一些具有很强实践性和实操性的活动,全方位训练和提高学生面向行业、企业岗位需求、在真实工作环境中的英语交际能力、应用能力和学习能力。比如训练学生英文简历的撰写,再设计情景对话,让学生分小组扮演IT公司面试官和应聘者角色,对职场招聘进行场景模拟,学习和应用计算机英语知识和口语表达能力。不仅如此,在工程实践中,软体企业开发人员常常需要编写英文版本的软体需求文件和使用者指南,因此还可以考虑与软体工程的课程老师合作,在学生进行课程设计时编写英文版本的软体需求规格说明书。

灵活布置作业

作业也是实践教学的重要补充,对于作业一定要布置一些实用有意义的内容,这样学生才会主动而非被迫地去做;关于这方面教师要充分利用自己积累的学习和工作经历。比如根据笔者学生时期的应聘经验,可以告诉学生大中型IT公司的软体开发职位招聘的笔试题很重视动态记忆体方面的内容,有相当比例该方面的试题,也具有一定难度,而很多中文教材关于此方面的内容往往讲解的不够详实,而英文教材文献六的“PointersandDynamicMemory”这一节对动态记忆体的思想介绍的较清晰,通过此类方法抓住学生的心理,吸引学生主动地去学习,这样不仅训练了计算机英语,又提升了学生应聘的竞争力。此外,一定要让学生体会到利用网路资源来促进学习和交流的重要性。可以鼓励学生登陆各大著名IT外企的网站,上面会经常地提供其新技术和新产品宣传的英文视讯和动画。这类视讯短片直观而形象,学生不但学习了新技术和新词汇,同时还锻炼了听说能力,学习兴趣也会大大提高。还可以引导学生平时多关注外企网站上的招聘广告,本专业领域的产品说明书等,上面有大量描述本专业技术的计算机英语,这对培养学生的实际应用能力有很大的帮助。

2结语

该文分析了计算机英语课内实践教学对于IT应用型人才培养的必要性,并结合该研究者本身的经验体会,探讨了一些关于该课程的课内实践教学方式,通过在教学实践中使用这些方式,已取得了较好的效果。计算机英语是专业课和英语课的有机结合,具有很强的实用性。课内实践教学应合理采用多种有效的教学方法和多元化教学模式,让学生通过该课程的学习,进一步提高专业英语听、说、读、写等水平,培养综合素质,从而提高了就业竞争力,才能真正发挥该课程的作用。

计算机专业论文提纲模板

导语:在毕业论文的写作过程中,指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲,它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备;从提纲本身来讲,它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了计算机专业论文提纲模板,欢迎参考借鉴!

第一章绪论

研究背景

宽带业务的重要意义及其高速发展

中国移动宽带业务的发展现状与挑战

研究意义

研究内容

论文结构

第二章“服务易”无线广告平台的总体方案

背景

“服务易”无线广告平台的功能需求

“服务易”无线广告平台的总体设计方案

“服务易”WIFI认证管理系统功能简介

常见问题与解决措施

本章小结

第三章“服务易”平台构建及商业运营准备

项目团队组建

软、硬件等相关准备

“服务易”平台的特色宣传

商业运营目标设定及推广部署

风险分析和评估

本章小结

第四章中国移动“服务易”无线广告平台的商业运营

“服务易”无线广告平台的实现技术说明

“服务易”平台商业运营的两种模式

“保利西街”项目的实现与商业运营

“千灯湖”项目的实现与商业运营

本章小结

第五章中国移动“服务易”商业运营阶段性评估

公司内部的阶段性评估

公司外部的阶段性评估

“服务易”专利申请评估

本章小结

结论

目前全球宽带业务在高速发展,但传统移动互联网在速率和资费上满足不了人们激增的上网需求。而WiFi宽带免费无线接入则能较好地解决移动互联网在资费和速率两方面的不足。但是无论是由企业、商家等自建局部WiFi热点,或由地方政府主导建设全市区WiFi热点,虽能满足手持智能设备的移动上网需求,但都面临着提供免费服务的同时建设及维护成本高昂的问题。同时,互联网宽带业务建设和销售过程中,中国移动并不具备独特优势。在以上综合背景之下,中国移动佛山公司创新性地提出并打造了“服务易”无线广告平台和商业运营模式。它很好的满足了人们日益剧增的移动上网需求,又解决了巨大网络建设的成本问题,通过经营无线广告平台的收益平衡网络建设维护的成本支出。本文较详细地阐述了作者参与“服务易”项目的`项目管理过程。

论文阐明了“服务易”无线广告平台的功能需求、总体设计方案,在该方案中运营商独立或联合政府、各企业商家建设免费WiFi热点,民众享受免费WiFi的同时,接受有限度的广告植入及后续短信等营销推广,通过衍生的广告收入来支付免费WiFi热点的建设维护成本。由于项目涉及的软件开发和硬件制作需要专业的人员进行完成,中国移动佛山公司进行供应商投标的方式,委托广州蓝杰科技公司等公司进行专业的软件、硬件建设,并承担实际运营过程中平台的维护、广告的商业运营等。

“服务易”项目严格按照项目管理的思想有条不紊地推进,论文也呈现了作者作为项目的管理人员,从中国移动佛山公司方面进行整个项目商业运营的筹备管理工作,包括商业运营团队组建、产品的软硬件供应商选定与采购、平台特色总结与宣传单张制作、商家资费标准制定和风险评估等。

论文提出了“服务易”无线广告平台两种主要的商业运营模式,分析“商家自营”和“委托他营”两种模式的异同。并通过“保利西街”和“千灯湖”两个实际案例验证了“服务易”无线广告平台两种商业运营模式的可行性与商业价值。最后进行了项目的闭环管理和阶段性总结。阶段性的闭环处理为下阶段的完善及商业运营做好坚实准备。

英语毕业论文提纲模板

紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束,毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板,希望能够帮助到大家。

Acknowledgements 4-6

Contents 6-10

List of Figures 10-12

List of Tables 12-20

Abstract 20-22

摘要 23-25

Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32

Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29

Significance of the study 29-30

Organization of the study 30-31

A note on terminology 31-32

Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51

T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35

Defining coherence 32-33

T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42

T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42

T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44

The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47

Training in T/TP 47-49

Summary 49-51

Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70

Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55

Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53

Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54

Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55

Theme and thematic progression 55-70

Theme 56-62

Thematic progression 62-70

Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88

The participants and the educational context 70-73

Background of the participants and the participating school 70

The allocation of participants to the training 70-71

The sample sizes 71-72

The pilot study 72-73

The interventional procedures 73-74

The questionnaire 74-75

The training 75-80

Considerations behind the training 75-76

The training material 76-79

The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80

Data analysis 80-86

Analysis of the writing 80-86

Analysis of the questionnaire 86

Ethical considerations 86-88

Informed consent 86-87

Anonymity 87

Harm 87-88

Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115

Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100

Interpersonal Themes 100-102

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107

Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110

Summary 110-115

Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137

Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126

Interpersonal Themes 126-129

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131

Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132

Summary 132-137

Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155

Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145

Interpersonal Themes 145-147

Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149

Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150

Summary 150-155

Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165

Findings from closed questions 155-160

EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157

EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158

EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159

EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160

Findings from open questions 160-164

The changes that occurred 161-162

The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163

The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163

EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164

Summary 164-165

Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195

Findings with regard to research questions 165-187

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181

Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187

Positioning the study within the literature 187-190

T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189

Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190

Implications 190-194

Pedagogical implication 190-193

Methodological implication 193-194

Limitations 194-195

Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200

Summary 195-197

Putting everything together 197-199

Suggestions for future work 199-200

Notes 200-202

References 202-214

Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215

Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217

Appendix 3: Training material 217-229

Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237

Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238

Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239

Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239

中文摘要 3-4

ABSTRACT 4

Chapter One Introduction 7-10

Motivation of the present study 7-8

Significance of this study 8

Composition of this thesis 8-10

Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19

Language production 10-14

L1 Production 10-11

L2 Production 11-12

Dimensions of language production 12-14

Theories on oral output 14-15

Skehan’s dual-model system 14

Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15

Task Repetition 15-17

Task 15-16

Task repetition 16-17

Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19

CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25

Research justification and questions 19

Hypothesis 19-20

Methods 20-25

Participants 20-21

Material 21

Research design 21-23

Measures 23-25

Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41

Results and Analysis 25-34

Quantitative analysis 25-27

Qualitative analysis 27-34

Discussion 34-41

Fluency 34-36

Complexity 36-38

Accuracy 38-39

interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41

Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44

Conclusion and implication 41-43

Limitations and recommendations 43-44

Acknowledgements 44-45

References 45-49

Appendixes 49-54

A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50

B. The same-content task 50-51

C. The different-content task 51-52

D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53

E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54

F. Sample of writing repetition task 54

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Research Background

Significance of the Study

Research Goals and Questions

Data Collection and Methodology

Analysis Procedures

Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Introduction to Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad

Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home

Studies on Personal Statements

Introduction to Personal Statement

Summary

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework

An Overview of Attitude System

Affect Resources

Judgment Resources

Social Esteem

Social Sanction

Appreciation Resources

Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Summary

Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies

Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study

References

Acknowledgements

英语电教论文提纲样本模板

英语论文提纲 范文

英语论文提纲怎样写呢?下面是我分享的英语论文提纲范文,欢迎大家阅读,也希望英语论文提纲范文能够帮助同学们顺利开展论文的撰写。

一、 title

from a new woman to a victim

二、 introduction

in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.

my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.

三、outline

1 introduction

a brief introduction of othello

a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman

2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim

a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england

the influence of patriarchy-centered culture

desdemona’s own weakness of her character

3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.

social problems on women

the reasons why women should be independent

the new meaning of “independence”

what women should do if they want to be independent

from spirit

from finance

四、conclusion

theory guidance

1 feminism

2 freudian psychology

翻译:

一、标题

从一个新女人到一个受害者

二、介绍

在中国,妇女的地位越来越高,但歧视和暴力都是一样的存在。有很多有经验的女性苔丝狄蒙娜一样。本研究的目的是告诉女性在这个现代社会中的独立性的重要性。

我注意的是首先针对介绍苔丝狄蒙娜和她的性格好点。这是因为她是一个新的女人在前两个行为。然后我就把注意力放在分析她的变化的原因。最后我指出,现代社会中女性应该学会从苔丝狄蒙娜和尝试独立。然而,独立并不意味着要站在她的丈夫或她的父亲,但它意味着在社会中找到自己的位置,并建立一个积极的人生观。女性不仅要从精神上独立,也要从财务上独立。

三、概述

1引言

简要介绍奥赛罗

特别介绍苔丝狄蒙娜作为新女性

2从一个新的女人变成一个受害者的原因

描述一下女人的位置在英格兰第十六

父权中心文化的影响

苔丝狄蒙娜对她自己的性格弱点

3影响她对女性在现代社会中。

女性的个社会问题

女性应该独立的原因

“独立”的新意义

女性应该做什么,如果他们想独立

从精神

财务

四、结论

理论指导

1女性主义

2弗洛伊德心理学

知识扩展:英语毕业论文提纲怎么写?

I 英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程:

1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题;

2.根据论文题目写出总论点;

3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局;

论文的整体布局需要充分考虑总论点的叙述顺序,这是论文写作的整体框架。

4.确定论文的`整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点,直至确定论点句;

5.结合段落部署,把相关材料组合起来,以便写作过程中的随用随取;

6.进行全面的检查,对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减;

II英语毕业论文提纲的注意事项:

1.毕业论文提纲的编写方法:

标题式写法

用简洁的文字凝练出标题,并将这部分内容概括出来。这种写法的好处是简洁明了,一目了然,但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷,作者本人对此非常了解熟悉,但是外人乍看没有眉目,因此,在毕业论文的提纲写作中,很少使用这种方法。

句子式写法

就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括,这种写法更为具体,更为明确,自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人,因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。

2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲

毕业论文提纲写好后,需要进行推敲和修改,修改的过程中需要注意以下几点:

题目是否合适;

题目是一篇文章的精华所在,其重要性不容忽视,不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。

结构是否合理;

合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸,划分层次和段落,提高文章的逻辑性,检查过渡是否自然,然后进行全局性的把控。

层次是否完善;

提纲的层次必须完善,每个层次必须保证清晰,总论点应该重点突出,序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点,是需要集中精力写的一部分,因此,提纲应该罗列地详细一点,层层深入,体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板

所谓论文提纲,是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备,是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构,以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例,为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一

摘要 2-3

Abstract 3

引言 6-13

一、研究的背景 6-7

二、文献综述 7-11

(一) 国外研究状况 7-9

(二) 国内研究状况 9-11

三、研究方法 11-12

四、创新之处 12-13

第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22

一、相关概念的界定 13

二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14

(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13

(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14

三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18

(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15

(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16

(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18

四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22

(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19

(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22

第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38

一、调研设计 22-23

(一) 调研对象 22

(二) 调研方法 22

(三) 调研内容 22-23

二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38

(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25

(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27

(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34

(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38

第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46

一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41

(一) 过于重视“整体”,完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39

(二)为了体现“学生主体”,大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40

(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义,变成“反复朗读语篇” 40

(四)为了“整体情境”,拘泥于“单一情境” 40

(五)为了“立足语篇”,拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46

第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54

一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51

(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48

(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50

(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54

(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51

(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52

(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52

(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52

(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54

结语 54-55

参考文献 55-59

致谢 59-60

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,

因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词: 习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006

大学生科研论文大纲样本模板

论文提纲范文样本:

一、论文基本思路:

1、论题的研究意义。

2、论题的研究目的。

3、论题的研究内容。

4、论题的基础:人力资源的概念、人力资源管理的概念、需要层次论、双因素。

二、人力资源管理中风险管理的现状分析

1、人力资源管理风险管理的概念。

2、人力资源管理风险管理的现状分析、国外人力资源管理的现状分析、国内人力资源管理的现状分析。

3、人力资源管理风险管理的类型分析。

①招聘风险。

②绩效考评风险。

③薪金管理风险。

④员工招聘风险。

⑤劳资管理风险。

三、人力资源管理中产生风险的原因

①员工个人原因。

②企业原因。

③市场原因。

四、人力资源管理中的风险驾驭。

1、人力资源管理中风险管理驾驭的概念。

2、人力资源管理风险驾驭的步骤。

①根据人力资源管理风险管理的类型进行有针对性、有效的调查研究。

②根据调查结果和经验进行风险管理预测(衡量化,以百分比的形式呈现)。

③根据预测结果对风险进行相关的排定,针对排定草拟针对风险的消除方案。

④上报草拟方案给上级部门。

五、人力资源管理的风险监控。

1、人力资源管理风险监控的概念。

2、人力资源管理风险监控的步骤:风险调查、风险识别与认识、拟定防范风险的方案、执行并随时调整方案、评估、建立风险数据库。

六、总结

七、主要参考文献

论文提纲就是论文的框架、结构,是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。便于作者有条理地安排材料、展开论证。本科论文的提纲结构:一、中英文摘要二、绪论(前言)1、研究背景2、研究目的和意义3、国内外研究综述4、研究方法三、理论概述与文献概述1、论文用到的相关概念2、相关理论概述四、现状,对研究问题现状进行分析总结(文字描述及数据分析)五、根据现状提出存在的问题及原因分析(列出123)六、对策与建议,针对上面提出的问题提出解决政策,一 一对应进行解决(列出123)。七、结论

具体的范文模板链接:

如何写毕业论文大纲毕业论文大纲其实就是我们中学时候写作文要求的提纲. 写毕业论文大纲主要是提供我们论文写作的思路, 列出我们论文的框架结构, 这样方便我们后续写论文毕业论文大纲怎么写毕业论文提纲分为简单大纲和具体大纲简单大纲就类似于我们论文的目录,只要把主要部分的主题列出即可具体大纲就要求我们在简单大纲的基础上写出每个板块的主要内容.本科毕业论文大纲怎么写一般来说,我们只要写出简单大纲就可以.下面分享本人的亲笔写的大纲仅供参考.论文大纲论文题目:德中农村人口向城市流动的原因影响之比较引言:通过一幅漫画引入论文主题。接着概括论文目的,论文大要,研究方向,前人对此研究等等!本论:1 农村人口向城市流动定义,中德农村人口流动现状2 德国农村人口向城市流动德国农村人口向城市流动原因德国农村人口向城市流动影响德国农村人口向城市流动对农村的影响德国农村人口向城市流动对城市的影响3 中国农村人口向城市流动中国农村人口向城市流动原因中国农村人口向城市流动的影响中国农村人口向城市流动对农村的影响 中国农村人口向城市流动对城市的影响4 德中农村人口向城市流动相同点不同点相同点不同点5 总结6 参考文献7 感谢

论文提纲范文样本如下:

1、确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来,再把选用的材料插进去,就形成了论文内容的提要。

2、原稿纸页数的分配写好毕业论文的提要之后,要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短,文章的各个部分,大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文,考虑序论用1页,本论用17页,结论用1—2页。

3、本论部分再进行分配,如本论共有四项,可以第一项3—4页,第二项用4—5页,第三项3—4页,第四项6—7页。有这样的分配,便于资料的配备和安排,写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字,因为过短,问题很难讲透,而作为毕业论文也不宜过长,这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。

4、编写提纲论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。

语言学本科论文大纲模板

英语语言学论文提纲

提纲,是一种概括地叙述纲目、要点的`公文。它不把全文的所有内容写出来,只把那些主要内容,提纲挈领式地写出来。以下是我为大家整理英语语言学论文提纲的相关内容,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家!

I. Introduction

Ⅱ. Euphemism

The Definition of Euphemism

The Features of Euphemism

III.,Pragmatic Failures in English Euphemism

Pragmatic Linguistic Failures

Socio-pragmatic Failures

IV.,The Reasons for the Pragmatic Failure in English Euphemism

The Reasons of Pragmatic Linguistic Failures

The Difference of the Context

The Difference of Expression Patterns

The reasons of Socio-pragmatic failures

The Difference of Customs

The Difference of Social Values

V. The Reflection of Pragmatic Failure in Euphemism

Chapter 1 Gatsby's American Dream and Its Distortion

What is the American Dream

Gatsby's American Dream in Different Phases

Chapter 2 Disillusionment of Gatsby's Distorted Dream

Gatsby's Efforts in Achieving His American Dream

Gatsby's Disillusionment

Chapter 3 New Interpretation of Gatsby's American Dream

The External Factors of the Disillusionment

The Hierarchy System

The Jazz Age

The Internal Factors of the Disillusionment

The Essential Factor of the Disillusionment

Some Hypotheses

The American Dream in the Present Age

Conclusion

This conclusion

F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is a novel that deals with American dreamto a great extent. In a relatively short novel of nine chapters, Fitzgerald tells the tragicstory of Jay Gatsby's quest for the rich and shallow Daisy. Through the first-personnarrator, Nick Carraway, the emptiness of the materialistic American dream isrevealed and the novel ultimately manifests the failure of this American dream.

The American dream concerns politics as in “The Declaration of Independence”,military affairs as in the participation of America in the World War Ⅰ, economy asabout the matter of material success, moral conventions as about spiritual goodnessand religious freedom, literature as reflected in novels, sports as in the principle“competing fairly, openly and aboveboard”, aesthetics as in the appreciation of thebeauty of happiness, and many other fields. It comes from the old colonist's time,through the Westward Expansion, the Independence War, the Civil War, two worldwars, to the present highly developed society and goes on for ever. It is a method ofcommunication in the way that success is used to show off and that the invisibleuntouchable inner virtues and abilities are to be proved to the society in the form ofvisible success. It is a history of struggle in the sense that people take efforts to makewhat is said and what is done meet. It is the emotional and psychological growth ofindividuals as well as material and spiritual growth of the nation.

The Great Gatsby not only expresses the theme of the disillusioned materialisticAmerican dream, it also constantly urged the society to seek a new cultural insightoutlet---the spiritual American dream, which undoubtedly provides a patch to mendthe already distorted and imperfect American dream culture. So the point is to find abalance between the spiritual and the material. We have experienced and willexperience a lot of adventures or frustrations in our life, we constantly face differenttemptations and moral shortcuts, sometimes we may even vacillate, but what makesus persist and keep striving is the right values and solid faiths, thus bringing usspiritual liberation and inner freedom to live a happy life. That is the power of dream.

The roaring twenties of the United States is the ideal setting for Gatsby's story,but it is only the setting. The story itself is as great as ever. To some degree, theAmerican dream in this story is sublimed to a universal sense which breaks thelimitation of time and space. So any research on the novel and its profound meaningof the American dream will never be outdated.

1 Introduction

Significance of the research

Organization of the thesis

2 Literature Review

Researches on monolingual mental lexicon

Definition of mental lexicon

Models of mental lexicon: a developing one

Research methodology of bilingual mental lexicon

Word association paradigm

Word translation task

Cross-language priming paradigm

Theories on bilingual mental lexicon

Weinreich’s three hypotheses: the ancestor of bilingual

mental lexicon models

Paivio’s bilingual dual-coding theory

Kroll & Stewart’s revised hierarchical model

De Groot’s distributed representation model

3 Extended Bilingual Distributed Representation Model

Setting and characteristic of L2 word acquisition

Psychological mechanism of L2 word acquisition

Coactivation pattern: L2 word representation manner

Simultaneous formation of semantic memory and episodic memory

Semantic restructuring in L2 vocabulary development

4 Implications for L2 Word Meaning Acquisition

Unbalanced performance on language comprehension

and production

Receptive vs. productive vocabulary: imbalance on

acquisition difficulty

Positive effect of episodic memory

Negative semantic transfer

Episodic memory: the primary cause of negative semantic transfer

Negative effect of episodic memory

Episodic memory and L2 word meaning acquisition

Applying episodic memory: when and how

Strengthening semantic memory: why and how

5 Conclusion

contents

introduction………………………………………………………………1

common historical background……………………………………1

international………………………………………………………1

national…………………………………………………………1

common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2

rebellion against conventions……………………………………2

beats in literature………………………………………………2

rockers in music circles………………………………………3

ideologies in between……………………………………………4

beatniks were fed up with their government about

the explanations of why things happened……………………4

their same destiny……………………………………………4

beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by

both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5

belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5

beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6

rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6

identical lifestyles………………………………………………6

,商务英语语篇,衔接,连贯discourse,business English discourse, cohesion, and coherence.语篇(text/discourse)在不同学者的著述中,有不同的含义,有些语言学家认为,语篇既指书面语言,又指口头语言。有些语言学家认为语篇(text)只指书面语,而用“话语”(discourse)指口语。有些语言学家用“话语”指书面语和口语。威多森用“话语”指书面语。所以,很多人在讲到书面语时用text这一术语,在谈到口语时则用discourse。斯塔布斯认为,话语常常有“口头交流(interactive)”的含义,而语篇则有“非口头交流的独白(noninteractivemonologue)”含义。斯塔布斯还认为,话语有一定的长度,而语篇则可以很短。所以,像Exit(山口处),No smoking!(禁止吸烟)这样的语言单位是语篇,而不是话语。埃德门德森认为,语篇指不出现在使用场合的语言,而话语则指出现在使用场合的语言。本文采用韩礼德,夸克等人的观点,用discourse/text这一术语既指口语又指书面语。实际上,discourse和text只具有地域色彩差别。美国学者喜欢用discourse,与之相对应的是discourses analysis:欧洲学者喜欢用text这个词与之相对应的是text linguistics,它们指同一内容。 众所周知,语篇(discourse)是语篇分析(discourse analysis)的研究对象。语篇分析作为一门学科是20世纪50年代以后才发展起来的。语篇分析通常指的是对比句子更大的语言单位,如句群、段落等语言单位所作的语言分析,目的在于解释人们如何构造和理解各种连贯的语篇(coherent discourse)。研究语言结构的理论一般分为两大类:语法和语篇分析。前者通常研究单个的、孤立的句子;而后者则研究用于交际(communication)的语篇。语法学研究词的形式、用法和句子各个组成部分及其安排的规律:在语法研究中,句子是最高一层的结构。语篇分析研究比句子更大的语言单位,研究语篇中句子的排列、衔接(cohesion)和连贯(coherence),是一种超句法分析。 历史悠久的传统语法,本世纪风靡一时的结构语法和近三十年来在语言学理论领域中最引入注目的转换生成语法,对语言的研究都只局限于句子本身及其组成部分,这些学派很少研究句子与句子的关系,也极少讨论句子在比其更人的语言单位中的地位和作用。然而,正如一个单词在不同的句子中可以有不同的意义和不同的句法功能一样,一个句子、句群和段落在不同的语篇和语境中也会有不同的表意作用和交际功能。如果不把句子、句群或段落放到一定的语言环境中去考察,那就无法确定其真正的意义。离开了语言的使用场合、离开了 特定的语言环境,那就很难确定语言单位的交际功能,治言单位也无法充分起到交际的作川。 越来越多的语言学家认识到,语言研究不应局限于句子平面,不应只研究句子结构,而应超 越句子的范围,研究句子、句群和段落在语篇中的作用,研究现实生活中活生生的语言。 衔接(cohesion)和连贯(coherence)是语篇分折(discourse analysis)中的两个重要术语。由 于语言学家们研究语篇的角度不同,他们对这一术语的定义也就不一样。对于衔接与连贯的 关系,目前人们既有一致的看法,也有许多分歧。如何把握衔接与连贯的实质以及二者之间 的关系是语篇分折中一个不容回避的重要问题。以连贯为例,克瑞斯多尔从语篇本身的特征 出发,把连贯定义为一段话语“潜在的功能性联系”(he undetlying functional COnnectedness.)。 而彼多非在对语篇进行形式分析时认为,语篇连贯是语言外的联体在头脑中的映像,如果读 者能够重新构造山一个联系着的、完整的世界映像,那么这段话对读者来说,就是连贯的。 国内的学者一股认为,衔接是词汇和语法方面的手段,是形式的;连贯是用这些手段得到的 效果。在衔接与连贯的关系方面,语言学家们的看法也不一致。例如,韩礼德和哈桑认为, 衔按是创造语篇性的必要但不充分条件,而威多森则认为,衔接既不是连贯的必要条件,也 不是充分条件。 本文从宏观和微观两方面,以会话分拆理论和衔接连贯理论为基础,在对其分析的前 提下,探讨商务英语语篇中的衔接与连贯问题并以此推动语篇分析的研究发展。In different scholars" works, text/discourse has different meanings. Some linguists believe that it refers to both spoken language and written language. Some linguists take text as the written form of language but discourse as the spoken form of it. Other linguists regard discourse as both the spoken and the written forms of language and H. Widdowson takes discourse as written language. So many people want to use text to refer to written language and discourse to spoken language. In 1983, Stubbs thought that discourse always has an oral interactive sense, while text often has non-interactive monologue meaning; discourse has a kind of length while text might be very . Edmondson regards text as a kind of language unit which did not appear on a use occasion, however, discourse as a kind of language unit appearing on a use occasion. In this paper, discourse is to be used to refer to both the spoken and the written forms of English. In fact, the differences between discourse and text are territorial. They are the same in essence. American linguists prefer to use discourse and discourse analysis while European linguists use text and text is well known that discourse is the object of study of discourse analysis. Since 1 950s of the 20th century, discourse analysis has become one of independent subjects. It means analyzing a kind of language unit that is much bigger than a sentence, . sentence groups, paragraphs, etc. It aims at helping people to make up and understand all kinds of coherent are two kinds of theories that dwell upon language structure. One is grammar, the other discourse analysis. The former always deals with single, isolated sentences, while the latter studies discourse in communications. In grammar, a sentence is the largest unit of grammatical structure, while discourse analysis is a super-sentential analysis. It studies sentences" arrangement, cohesion and the traditional grammar and the structural grammar together with the transfermational generative grammar study is limited to the level of sentence and its components. Those grammarians do not adequately take the relations between sentences and their positions and functions in a larger language unit into consideration. However, like individual English words possessing different meanings and functions in different sentences: sentences sentence groups and paragraphs have different connotations and communicative functions in different linguistic contexts. If sentences and sentence groups or paragraphs were not placed in a certain context, then there is no way to identify their real sense. It is difficult to define language units" communicative functions if there were no concrete contexts and occasions. More and more linguists have come to realize thativlanguage study should not be confined at the sentence level. It must go beyond the sentence bounds and study the functions of sentence groups and paragraphs in discourse as well as the vividness of language in real and coherence are two important terms in discourse analysis. Linguists study discourse from different angles. Accordingly they define these two terms in different ways. When speaking of the relations between cohesion and coherence, linguists hold identical and divergent views on them. How to understand the crux of cohesion and coherence is an important question that we cannot evade. By using coherence as an example, Crystal defines it as a piece of discourse with the underlying functional connectedness on the basis of discourse features; Petofi regards it as an image of relatuni in human brains, If readers can match a discourse with a sense so that they can rebuild a connected, completed image, then it is a coherent discourse to them. Scholars in China always take cohesion as lexical and grammatical devices a matter of form. Coherence is an effect of a discourse consisting of these cohesive devices. As for the relations between cohesion and coherence, scholars hold different views on this point【目录】: Acknowledgements3-4 Abstract in Chinese4-6 Abstract in English6-8 PartⅠ Introduction8-11 1.1 Historical Backgrounds8-9 1.2 The Main Contents of Discourse Analysis9-11 Part Ⅱ Discourse and Business English Discourse11-26 2.1 Discourse and Business English Discourse11-13 2.2 Macrostructure of Business English Discourse13-15 2.3 Microstructure of Spoken Business English Discourse15-19 2.4 Micro-structure of Written Business English Discourse19-26 Part Ⅲ Cohesion and Coherence26-38 3.1 The Origins and Development of Cohesion and Coherence26 3.2 Definitions of Cohesion and Coherence26-28 3.3 The Relationship Between Cohesion and Coherence28-34 3.4 Cohesion and Coherence in Business English Discourses34-38 Part Ⅳ Conclusion38-39 Bibliography39-40

英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017

英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板,欢迎阅读!

一、目的和意义

英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。

二、选题原则

毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发,结合学科发展的动态和研究现状,尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间,从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面,有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。

毕业论文属于研究性论文,讲求一定的学术性,但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文,因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内,在教师指导下完成所要求的工作,选题应遵循如下基本原则:

1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格,须体现专业训练的基本内容,须与所学的专业知识相衔接。

2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。

3、选题的类型应多种多样,力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能,有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。

4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求,内容既要有探索、钻研的余地,又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内,以保证教学任务的完成。

三、类型及基本要求

英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求:

1、语言及语言学研究类论文

就本科毕业论文而言,纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上,还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度,不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等),语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等),语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等),两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题,做出有参考或应用价值的结论。

2、文学评论类论文

此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象,尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上,通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行,如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的,也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法,都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想,要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场,进行具有一定新意的'探讨。

3、翻译研究类论文

此类论文可以是纯理论的研究,或具体翻译技巧的研究,或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究,也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究,另加对作品本身的评述,对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。

4、语言教学研究类论文

此类研究属交叉学科的研究,涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等,是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究),教学方法与技巧研究,课堂教学管理策略研究,学生个体差异研究,影响教学效果的外部条件研究,教育技术的使用与开发研究,教材的分析与评估研究,测试与评估研究,素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题,还是方法,或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值,突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。

5、经贸方向研究类论文

此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究,可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程,运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题,作出有参考或应用价值的结论。

四、任务及深度要求

毕业论文的主要内容包括:选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等,其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关,工作量饱满,满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写,具有一定的创新性和应用性,正文篇幅在5,000词以上,参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面,并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。

五、考核办法

毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成:

1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现,论文观点的新颖性,论文结构的合理性,论文论证的逻辑性,英语表达的正确性和地道性,以及学生的工作态度,指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。

2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性,论文论据的充分性,论文的创见与突破性,论文的结构、文字表达情况,评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。

3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍,毕业论文的质量,答辩中回答问题的正确程度,英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性,答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。

六、毕业论文时间分配

序号 内 容 时间(周)

1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4

2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5

3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2

4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2

5 毕业论文答辩 1

合 计 14

七、其它说明

外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”,即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格,学生无权获得学士学位。

contents

introduction………………………………………………………………1

common historical background……………………………………1

international………………………………………………………1

national…………………………………………………………1

common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2

rebellion against conventions……………………………………2

beats in literature………………………………………………2

rockers in music circles………………………………………3

ideologies in between……………………………………………4

beatniks were fed up with their government about

the explanations of why things happened……………………4

their same destiny……………………………………………4

beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by

both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5

belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5

beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6

rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6

identical lifestyles………………………………………………6

bohemian…………………………………………………………7

beats…………………………………………………………7

rockers………………………………………………………7

madness…………………………………………………………8

the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,

and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven

to madness……………………………………………………8

rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on

rock circus spot………………………………………………9

self-indulgent……………………………………………………9

drugs…………………………………………………………9

homosexual…………………………………………………10

4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10

beats of satan and angles………………………………………10

rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11

conclusion………………………………………………………………13

Why should we write the thesis?

To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.

By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.

It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.

Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.

How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so

What do we need when we write a thesis?

Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.

Secondly, the way of writing is also important.

A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.

The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:

Wording: we prefer big word to small one;

Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.

How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?

Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:

1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:

2. Choose a title/Title a paper;

3. Collect materials for reference in writing;

4. Analyze the collected materials;

5. Sort out the data and arguments;

6. List references;

7. Make up an outline;

8. 1—3 drafts;

9. Proofread;

10. The last version.

What subjects may we choose to write?

English and American Literature

The Practice and Theory of Translation

English Language

English Linguistics

English Grammar

English Phonetics

English Lexicology

English Rhetoric

Language and Culture

ELT Methodology

Teaching English in Middle School

English Teaching Research and Survey

The History of… (All mentioned above)

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