题目定了么，格式给我。
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日
你好，这个不是固定的，你可以和导师商量一下
论文选题参考方向 1． 谈英语谚语的翻译 2． 谈英语幽默的翻译 3． 英语汉译技巧初探 4． 地方名胜古迹汉译英 5． 翻译中常见错误分析 6． 中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响 7． 会话含义的推导与翻译 8． 词汇的文化内涵与翻译 9． 语境在翻译中的作用 10．翻译技巧探索 11．商标词翻译 12．广告语言的翻译 13．论英汉互译中的语义等值问题 14．英汉文化差异对翻译的影响 15．英汉谚语的理解和翻译 16．浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译 17．中西文化差异与翻译障碍 18．英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译 19．英语意义否定表现法及其汉译 20．浅谈新闻标题的翻译 也可以自己根据查阅的资料确定题目。 答案补充 你可以选择写还是不写,老师有权选择给你的分数.其实COPY和写在我看来就是一回事.
不会～～～～～～～～～
英汉翻译论文的意义就是不仅让中国人能看懂这篇论文，其他国家的人也能看得懂，而且还能锻炼自己的英文水平
The education website is targeted at specific groups, focusing on a specific topic, so the education website theme design, is not a process will want to spread information and simple stack, but requires the designer based on the dissemination of information, also can give a person with a kind of visual, psychological enjoyment, in the spread of education information but also the whole art planning. The purpose and meaning of this research is according to the current situation of the educational theme website is uneven, some good and some bad and the education website construction neglected subject system design is the problem, from the visual angle of audience psychology, points out that the psychological effects caused by the proposed overall design theme, theme design education in Web Design。 手写，望采纳！！！
2the purpose and significance of researchThe brand is not only the production operator to mark its product to distinguish it from competitors and the significant markers, and is a valuable intangible assets. The enterprise brand is beneficial to product competition in the market, improve product quality and corporate image, is conducive to the protection of the interests of consumers. Encourage enterprises to establish brand awareness, promote the brand strategy, is conducive to the implementation of enterprise dimensions to change, intensive is changed manage, in the increasingly fierce market competition in the survival, development and growth is the producer, operator to mark its product, to distinguish it from competitors, make consumer awareness of the significant markers. Brand is a name, a term, a mark, a symbol or design, can also be the combination of several factors. In other words the brand is used to identify different enterprises, different product text, graphics or text, graphics, organic combination. Now, the brand is no longer merely a marker, but has become a broader, more abstract concepts. It is a badge or label creating intangible assetsThe brand is no longer as a name, logos or graphics to consider, but as a group of intangible assets to consider, is a more perfect more powerful ways of first is the brand recognition is the function of commodity, for advertising and other promotional activities provides the basis for consumers to buy goods, plays a guiding role in. Secondly, there are laws to protect the rights to exclusive use of trademarks, will effectively curb illegal competitor the enterprise products market erosion. Third, reputed trademark, in favor of the new products to enter the market. In fourth, famous brand product to customers with more attractive, beneficial for improving the market is the product quality content and the market value evaluation coefficient and the identifying emblem, is the enterprise participates in the competition of the intangible capital. Enterprises in order to win in the competition, must be carefully maintained the brand reputation. On the quality of products can not let down, afraid of breaking their own brand. The process of creating famous brands must be continuously improve product quality and establish a good corporate image shows that the correct decision-making, brand, brand design, brand protection science capable of business success is a very positive research contents and methodsThe main research contents of this article is to carry out the importance of brand strategy, brand strategy present situation and the existing problems, and combined with the group example analysis its brand strategy 's success in the face of the crisis and the causes as well as the role after the change of brand strategy without timely adjustment of consequences. The method and logic structure is the first clear the related concepts, theoretical analysis, and then through the concrete enterprise case to summarize the corresponding theoretical basis. By combining theory with practice summed up the final conclusion.
问题一：论文选题目的和意义 选题意义和目的一般作为开题报告里面的第一块内容,是阐述你所研究的这个选题有没有研究价值或者说讨论价值的,写开题报告的目的，其实就是要请导师来评判我们这个选题有没有研究价值、这个研究方法有没有可能奏效、这个论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷. 写意义的时候根据你的选题来决定形式 可以分现实意义和理论意义 也可以不细分,把目的和意义和在一起写,总之突出你观点的新颖和重要性即可 建议可以从这两点来叙述,不过要根据自己的选题,不要生搬硬套: 1. (你的选题)是前人没有研究过的,也就是说研究领域中一个新颖有意义的课题,被前人所忽略的 2. 前人有研究过,或者说阐述过但是没有阐述论证的足够全面,你加以丰满,或者驳斥前人的观点, 总之,意义和目的一定要叙述的清晰并且是有一定新意的 其次注意自己所使用的理论,你是用什么理论证明你的观点 也要叙述清楚,否则难以有说服力 在做文献综述和国内外研究水平的评价等等也要有翔实的根据 这样才能衬托出你的选题的意义所在 问题二：毕业论文选题研究意义怎么写？ 开题报告主要包括以下几个方面： （一）论文名称 论文名称就是课题的名字 第一，名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么，研究的对象是什么交待清楚，论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致，不能太大，也不能太小，要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。 第二，名称要简洁，不能太长。不管是论文或者课题，名称都不能太长，能不要的字就尽量不要，一般不要超过20个字。 （二） 论文研究的目的、意义 研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述，指出现实当中存在这个问题，需要去研究，去解决，本论文的研究有什么实际作用，然后，再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点，有针对性一点，不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括：⑴ 研究的有关背景(课题的提出)： 即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。 ⑵ 通过分析本地（校） 的教育教学实际，指出为什么要研究该课题，研究的价值，要解决的问题。 （三） 本论文国内外研究的历史和现状（文献综述）。 规范些应该有，如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括：掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得的成果；寻找有待进一步研究的问题，从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点)、研究的特色或突破点。 （四）论文研究的指导思想 指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向，符合什么要求等，这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论，也可以是 *** 的教育发展规划，也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。 （五） 论文写作的目标 论文写作的目标也就是课题最后要达到的具体目的,要解决哪些具体问题，也就是本论文研究要达到的预定目标：即本论文写作的目标定位，确定目标时要紧扣课题,用词要准确、精练、明了。 常见存在问题是：不写研究目标；目标扣题不紧；目标用词不准确； 目标定得过高, 对预定的目标没有进行研究或无法进行研究。 确定论文写作目标时，一方面要考虑课题本身的要求，另一方面要考率实际的工作条件与工作水平。 （六）论文的基本内容 研究内容要更具体、明确。并且一个目标可能要通过几方面的研究内容来实现，他们不一定是一一对应的关系。大家在确定研究内容的时候，往往考虑的不是很具体，写出来的研究内容特别笼统、模糊，把写作的目的、意义当作研究内容。 基本内容一般包括：⑴对论文名称的界说。应尽可能明确三点：研究的对象、研究的问题、研究的方法。⑵本论文写作有关的理论、名词、术语、概念的界说。 （七）论文写作的方法 具体的写作方法可从下面选定： 观察法、调查法、实验法、经验总结法、 个案法、比较研究法、文献资料法等。 （八）论文写作的步骤 论文写作的步骤，也就是论文写作在时间和顺序上的安排。论文写作的步骤要充分考虑研究内容的相互关系和难易程度，一般情况下，都是从基础问题开始，分阶段进行，每个阶段从什么时间开始，至什么时间结束都要有规定。课题研究的主要步骤和时间安排包括：整个研究拟分为哪几个阶段；各阶段的起止时间 希望我们可以帮你。硕士本科开题报告以及论文写作是我们特长，我们的服务特色：支持支付宝交易，保证你的资金安全。3种服务方式，文章多重审核，保证文章质量。附送抄袭检测报告，让你用得放心。修改不限次数，再刁难的老师也能过。 1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键......>> 问题三：研究目的和意义 目地：就是写你们为什么要研究或探讨、想要得出什么结论！；意义：就憨研究完以后得出的结论以及你们做完研究有什么收获。感想之类！总之最重要的是结论啦 问题四：毕业论文选题意义和目的的区别 意义是你选的这个题目对现实社会和理论上有什么好处和作用，而目的是你通过做这个论文要达到一个什么效果。意义是已经发生了的，目是预期的。这是最简单的区别。 问题五：论文选题目的和意义 1、选题的大小一定要适中，难易要适度 ........ 选题的方法。注意两点：一是选题的大小一定要适中，难易要适度。我们从本科生写论文的实践上看，主要有两种情况需要注意：一种是选题比较小。因为自己的资料积累的少，视野比较窄，从某种意义上来说，对自己所学的知识的概括还不够。所以选题呢，比较小。选题小就撑不开。有些学年论文一般3000字，这个训练习惯了，选题一选就选小了。你选题8000字到10000字的，大小要适中，另外难易要适度。就是说你不要选难度特别大的，你自己控制不住。这是一个方面。还有一种情况是选题过大。选题过大的情况，一般是搜集的材料特别丰富，一下子就觉得什么也要说，就选了个大题目。当然有的同学并不知道什么样的题目叫大，什么样的题目叫小。脑子里有个题目就马上出来了。或者是他脑子里什么题目都没有就盲目的去搜集材料，这就更危险。 比如有个学生，他写的一个题目叫《WTO与保密工作》，这个题目太大，完全可以写出一个博士论文了。WTO是个大架势，保密工作没有时间限制，到底从哪里开始呢？如果是当代，那你就应该说当代保密工作或者说近几年的。所以我让他换题目。为他是个自考学生，他的题目给我的时候就已经连论题、提纲和论文就都出来了。他们以为写了论文稿给老师就可以了。这是一个很大的失误。你们以后选了题目以后，一定要注意先跟老师沟通一下。老师对题目的大小、难易都把握好，通过以后，你们再去列提纲，再去写论文。 问题六：毕业论文选题的目的和意义怎么写 选题意义和目的一般作为开题报告里面的第一块内容,是阐述你所研究的这个选题有没有研究价值或者说讨论价值的, 写开题报告的目的，其实就是要请导师来评判我们这个选题有没有研究价值、这个研究方法有没有可能奏效、这个论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷. 写意义的时候根据你的选题来决定形式 可以分现实意义和理论意义 也可以不细分,把目的和意义和在一起写,总之突出你观点的新颖和重要性即可 建议可以从这两点来叙述,不过要根据自己的选题,不要生搬硬套: 1. (你的选题)是前人没有研究过的,也就是说研究领域中一个新颖有意义的课题,被前人所忽略的 2. 前人有研究过,或者说阐述过但是没有阐述论证的足够全面,你加以丰满,或者驳斥前人的观点, 总之,意义和目的一定要叙述的清晰并且是有一定新意的 其次注意自己所使用的理论,你是用什么理论证明你的观点 也要叙述清楚,否则难以有说服力 在做文献综述和国内外研究水平的评价等等也要有翔实的根据 这样才能衬托出你的选题的意义所在 问题七：论文选题背景及意义怎么写 10分 开题报告一般要概括地写出作者意图，主要运用何种理论，要达到的目的。说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 有几种写法：第一种是写明调查的起因或目的、时间和地点、对象或范围、经过与方法，以及人员组成等调查本身的情况，从中引出中心问题或基本结论来；第二种是写明调查对象的历史背景、大致发展经过、现实状况、主要成绩、突出问题等基本情况，进而提出中心问题或主要观点来；第三种是开门见山，直接概括出调查的结果，如肯定做法、指出问题、提示影响、说明中心内容等。前言起到画龙点睛的作用，要精练概括，直切主题。
选题的目的和意义是着重阐述论文要解决的问题，以及为什么要选择去解决这个问题，和这个问题追求的答案是什么。着重阐述该选题对理论研究的有何贡献。最好具体到对哪一方面的哪一项研究有怎样的贡献，如何促进其他研究项目的发展。
选题的作用
所谓选题，顾名思义，就是选择毕业论文的题目，也就是说，在撰写毕业论文之前，要选择要研究论证的问题。这里首先要了解话题、话题、话题3个概念。学科、专题和专题属于学术问题中的一个课题。
但课题通常是一个重大的研究课题，其研究范围要比专题大得多，一个课题可能包含多个题目%3B标题是指标题，研究范围略大于。和同一个题目，你可以选择很多具体的题目来写毕业论文。
目的是重在阐述论文要解决的问题.即为什么选这样一个题目进行论述,要论述出什么东西。意义是重在表明论文选题对理论研究有哪些贡献,或对实践具有哪些帮助和指导。
选题的创新性，可以指理论、观点上的创新，也可以指研究方法上的创新，或者应用领域的创新。往小处说，自己的研究至少应该有一处是区别于以往研究的。
选题注意事项
大小适中是课题研究的原则，同样是选题的原则。选题太大或太小，都是有问题的。其中，选题太大是比较容易出现的问题。
也有的课题太小，比如"学生正确握笔姿势的研究"，这样的题目太细小，作为一般的日常研究可以，作为一个课题就显得小了。选题太大，无从下手;选题太小，研究意义不大。因此，选题要尽量做到大小适中。
目的是重在阐述论文要解决的问题.即为什么选这样一个题目进行论述,要论述出什么东西。意义是重在表明论文选题对理论研究有哪些贡献,或对实践具有哪些帮助和指导。
选题的创新性，可以指理论、观点上的创新，也可以指研究方法上的创新，或者应用领域的创新。往小处说，自己的研究至少应该有一处是区别于以往研究的。
选题注意事项
大小适中是课题研究的原则，同样是选题的原则。选题太大或太小，都是有问题的。其中，选题太大是比较容易出现的问题。
也有的课题太小，比如"学生正确握笔姿势的研究"，这样的题目太细小，作为一般的日常研究可以，作为一个课题就显得小了。选题太大，无从下手;选题太小，研究意义不大。因此，选题要尽量做到大小适中。
论文选题的目的和意义有：论文选题意义怎么写，重点在于表示明白论文选题的对理论研究有哪些贡献，或者对实践具有哪些帮助和指导。
除此之外还有：
第一，在相关的选题相关领域进行搜索，明确当下该选题有哪些研究成果，还有哪些部分是需要去修改和补充的。对选题有一个综合性的判断。
第二，进入实战的部分，简单讲述一下该课题的起源和发展情况，接着阐明选题需要重点去解决哪些问题，也就是讨论的范围。
第三，最后对你的选题进行价值性评估，说明这篇论文对理论产生哪些实质的推动作用，有什么指导的意义。
步骤如下：
1、尊敬的各位老师：
2、您们好！
3、我叫xx，xx级xx班，(学号是xxxxxxx)，我论文的题目是《xxxxxx》。这篇论文是在xx老师的指导下完成的。在这期间，xx老师对我的论文进行了详细的修改和指正，并给予我许多宝贵的建议。
在此，感谢xx老师的精心指导，同时也对各位评审能在百忙之中抽出时间，参与论文的审阅和答辩表示感谢。下面我就把论文的基本思路向各位答辩老师作出简要陈述。
4、选题缘由。
5、选择本课题作为我论文的写作题材的原因。
6、资料收集准备工作。
7、选定题目后，为了完成论文，我进行了资料的收集，拟定提纲，论文初稿、修改、定稿等一系列程序。在毕业论文的准备和写作过程中，我阅读了大量的相关文献。
8、论文的结构和内容。
9、本篇论文已经完成，总的来说，在写作的过程中，我学到了许多东西，也积累了不少经验，更进一步丰富了自己的知识。
在论文中一些内容表述、论证上存在着不足之处，一些问题还有待进行一步思考和探究，借此答辩机会，希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见，指出我的错误和不足之处，我会虚心接受，从而进一步深入学习，使论文得到完善和提高。
10、我的答辩自述完毕，感谢各位老师！
题目定了么，格式给我。
同学，你好！首先祝贺你找到了工作。关于毕业论文，我认为商业银行法律风险方面的文章当然是可以写的。但是这个题目太大，应进一步界定题目，只有题目界定越具体，这文章才好写。【题目太大，太泛是学生写作论文的一大通病】商业银行的风险其实有很多种的，例如商业银行贷款业务风险；商业银行的自动柜员机业务风险（如自动柜员机失灵引发的风险）；职员对商业银行自身的风险（如职务犯罪等）；商业银行电子商务风险；商业银行对电子用户的民事责任风险等等。就是上述列举的风险，又可以再细分为若干类型。例如商业银行贷款业务风险当中，又有贷款合同条款不完备带来的风险，银行职员的代理风险、担保人或者担保物自身的瑕疵所形成的风险、多重抵押风险等等。【细分题目是确定题目的重要一步】因此，你若要写这方面的论文，最好是首先咨询一下有经验的银行职员，向他们请教他们在业务当中面临着什么风险，或者从网络中收集相关的案例，这样选题才具体。【题目来自实践，而非空想】其次，由于你要写作的是法学论文，因此还要对各种风险进行进一步分析，看看这些风险是否是一个法律问题，是一个什么样的法律问题。例如，如果是从如何强化银行的内部风险管理制度来写论文，这大致就不是一个法律问题而是一个管理学上的问题，尽管银行的内部管理也可能引发法律问题，例如银行与职员的劳动合同条款违反劳动合同法的有关规定。此外，如果是法律问题，应进一步界定法律问题所属于的领域，例如这是一个合同法问题、侵权法问题、担保法问题，还是电子商务法问题，或者是刑法问题？然后才可确定。【区分法律与非法律问题，避免事倍功半】
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日
翻译是跨学科的，注定要采取多学科的视角研究翻译现象和翻译问题。一、选题范围 1、翻译与文化：可以从宏观和微观两个方面考虑。宏观方面，一般从翻译在目的语社会文化中的生产、接受、翻译在目的语社会文化中所起的功能等角度讨论，可以从社会、文化、历史、交际的...1、选题意义和背景。随着中国加入世界贸易组织，中国企业的对外联系也日益增多。中国企业要想打入国际市场，提高在国际市场上的知名度，企业网站或宣传册上的企业简介扮演着十分重要的地位。通过阅读企业宣传资料，读者可以看出企业外宣材料既有关于企业的基本信息介绍，也有企业所做的文字上、句法上、结构上的这染来达到推广企业、大市场的目的。汉语企业外宣材料的翻译在英译过程中会涉及到与目的语不同的语言习惯、行文方式以及文化因素、社会政治因素、心理因素和审美因素等，这就需要译者对原文本做出适当调整，从内容和形式上对语篇进行重构，以此实现对交际意图的顺应。根据赖斯的文本类型说，本文有三种类型，分别是“信息型”、“表达型”和“诱导型”.笔者认为，企业外宣翻译属于“信息型”和“诱导型”文本兼而有之，而且更侧重于“诱导型”.因此，外宣翻译要更加注重文本的交际功能，要更多的考虑如何使译文所传递的信息更便于目的语读者理解和接受，并让读者产生共鸣，继而付诸行动，实现译文预期的功能。比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschuem)提出了顺应论，将语言的使用过程看做语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态选择的过程。因而可以从顺应论的视角研究语言使用。翻译作为一种特殊的交际方式，也可以从顺应论的视角对其进行研究。优秀的企业宣传材料不仅会提高企业的知名度，还会为企业带来不可估量的经济效益，因此任何一个想打入国际市场的企业务必在其外宣材料的翻译上做足功夫。由于中西方文化背景、历史渊源、生活环境的不同，译者在翻译企业外宣材料时为了获取目的语读者的认可并激发他们付诸行动，就要顺应目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯以及心理因素、文化因素等对原文做出形式上和内容上的调整，而这一顺应的过程也是语篇重构的过程。本文突破性的将顺应论与语篇重构结合起来，并结合西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料及其翻译，试图从顺应论的视角分析企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构现象。2、论文综述/研究基础。1987年维索尔伦(Verschueren)提出顺应论之后，在语用学界引起了很大反响，不久国内学者就将其引进到中国来。国内学者不仅从理论层面对顺应论进行研究和探索，而且将顺应论应用到翻译理论和实践、外语教学、二语习得、文化传播等领域。在这些领域中，成果最大的当属顺应论对翻译理论和其应用的研究。我国真正将顺应论引入翻译研究开始于21世纪初希望能帮到你