对于合并、购置投资和财政决定的真实选项研究段时夏，胡文绣（这两个应该只是人名，就音译了）来源：国际会议议程：风险管理和工程管理，第531－第535页，2008年，议程－2008国际会议：风险管理和工程管理，ICRMEM 2008议会：2008国际会议：风险管理和工程管理，ICRMEM 出版商：Elec．and Elec． Eng．电脑协会 作者联系：1 商业管理科，西安科技大学，西安，710054，中国2 管理工程学院，郑州大学，郑州，450001，中国摘要：这份文件探讨了合并、购置投资两者之间的关系和市场不确定性对财政决定的影响。该研究表明，合并、购置投资的借债能力会影响合并、购置投资的时段和价格。同时我们也发现，合并购置投资的债务决定是根据该决定对合并购置的价值的影响及破产可能性而做出的。合并购置的借债能力只在某一范围内有明确规定。限制术语：投资－合并－风险分析－风险管理非限制术语：容量决定－投资机遇－市场不确定性－真实选择分类编号：922．1 概率学－922数据法－914 安全工程－921．2管理－912管理－911．2 工业经济－911 成本价值工程；工业经济－7232 资料处理及图片处理－723．1 电脑程序呼……好难翻，大意是没错的，希望能帮到你。
我听说过华译网翻译，对他们还是比较了解的。这个公司是人民大学和北京科技大学的老师办，一直做学术翻译，翻译出版大量学术专著，现在主要为大学和科研机构研究人员翻译学术论文，也提供专业同声传译和设备租赁业务。质量可靠，可以放心合作的。
proceedings: 会议结束发给你一本书也可能包括光盘，里面很多论文，因此翻译成：论文集conference： 就是会议了，没得解释了paper： 就是你写的论文，当然也包括其他参会人员写的论文（论文也有分一般论文，短论文之类的）workshop： 就是会议中设置的分会了，不是会议主办方发起，你也申请作为workshop的组织者。workshop的论文水平一般比conference论文水平低了demo： 演示你的研究成果，
用A。会议论文集中的文献格式一般是：作者.文章题名[A].见（英文用In）:主编.论文集名[C].出版地：出版商，出版年.起止页码.
1.(短篇论著)essay;article:一篇批评文章acriticalessay2.(著作)literaryworks;writings:有许多关于英语阅读教学方面的文章。therearealotofwritingsdealingwiththeteachingofenglishreading.3.(暗含的意思)hiddenmeaning;impliedmeaning:其中大有文章。thereisalotbehindallthis.;therebyhangsatale.
Your schooldays should be some of the best and happiest days of your life.学校生活应该是你生命中最有意义，最快乐的时光。 How can you get the most from them, and make sure you do not waste this wonderful opportunity（机会）to learn?你该怎样好好利用它，确保不会浪费这个大好的学习机会呢？ Be positive（积极）about school! 对待学校要用积极的态度！Don’t say things are difficult or boring . Be interested in school-life and your school subjects.不要觉得事情难或是无聊。要对学校的事情保持兴趣。 Join lots of activities. 多参加些活动。Be quick to put your hand up.积极表态！ Go round the school with a big smile.微笑面对学校的一切。 Keep fit.保持健康 If you do not eat a good breakfast, you will be thinking about food in class. 早上不吃东西的话，上课的时候就会一直想。If you go to bed late and do not have enough sleep, you will be sleepy in class. 晚上在床上不睡觉，到班上就要打瞌睡了。Play some sports to keep your body strong.参加些运动，来让自己健壮吧。 Do today’s work today. Do not say you will do things tomorrow. 今天的事今天做，不要指望明天会完成。when you get behind the class, it is very difficult to get back in front.落后之后是很难追上来的。 You cannot finish a race if you rest all the time.整场休息的人，是无法完成比赛的。 Don’t be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly . 事情发展不如意时，也不要气馁。Everyone fails some tests, loses some matches and has bad days. 人人都会有不如意的时候。Friends are not always perfect, and they sometimes say and do unpleasant things.朋友们也不是完人，他们也有出错，不如意的时候 Don’t let small problems seem very big and important.不要太看重小问题了 Talk about problems-sometimes they are only the result of misunderstanding. 想想问题吧，有的时候会成为误解的Don’t be too embarrassed（窘迫）to ask for help. You are young. No one thinks you can do everything !年轻人，学着寻求帮助吧，不要不好意思，我们都不是无所不能的。 Plan your time. Don’t waste life lying in bed on Saturday morning. 计划好时间，星期六的早上不要把时间浪费在躺床上Go and play a sport, learn the piano, work on a project, read a book, practice English, or help someone with problems. 去参加一项运动，学学钢琴，展开一项计划，看本数，锻炼英语，或是帮帮别人There are always a lot of things to do.总是有很多事情可以做的Follow our advice, and have a happy school-life!采取这些建议，过一个愉快的学校生活吧。
你的学生时代应该是一些最好的、快乐的生活。你怎么能得到最大的,确保你不要浪费了这个大好机会去学习呢? 学校积极态度!不要说事物是困难的或无趣的人。你有兴趣学校生活和学校课程。参加许多活动。快去请举手。绕学校用一个灿烂的微笑。 保持健康。如果你不吃早餐吃得好,你会考虑食品在上课。如果你睡得很晚,没有足够的睡眠,你会困在上课。播放一些体育运动来保持你的身体强壮。 今天该做的事情。不要说你将做的事了,当你在这门课,这是件很困难的事情,返回到前面。你不能完成的比赛,如果你休息。 别太失望的事情。每个人在某种程度上会失去一些测试,不能比赛,也有坏的日子。朋友不是总是完美的,他们有时会说出或做出不愉快的事情。不要让小小的问题似乎很重要。 他们只谈论问题有时的误解。不要羞于请求帮助。你还年轻。没有人会认为你可以做任何事! 计划你的时间。不要把生命浪费躺在床上星期六早上。去参加体育运动、学习钢琴,一个项目工作,读一本书,练习英语,或者帮助别人所遇到的问题。总是有很多事情要做。 跟我们的建议,并有一个快乐的学校生活!
分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: Chang'e and the Cruel Emperor Many years after she was already the moon goddess, Chang'e looked down upon Earth and saw that a terribly cruel emperor sat on the throne. To help the people, she allowed herself to be reborn into the mortal world. The other members of her mortal family were either killed or enslaved by the emperor, but Chang'e managed to escape to the countryside. Meanwhile, the emperor was aging and obsessed with discovering the elixir of life. He had people all over the land brought to him and demanded of them how to find the elixir of life; nobody knew, of course, but the emperor would not accept ignorance for an answer and executed all those who could not answer. In the countryside, Chang'e met the goddess of passion, Guan Yin, who proceeded to give Chang'e a *** all elixir. Chang'e brought the elixir to the emperor. The suspicious emperor worried that it was poison and demanded that Chang'e taste the elixir first. She did, showing no ill effects, so then the emperor took the elixir and promptly died. Then, Chang'e also left the mortal world; the effects of the elixir had only been delayed for her. However, instead of dying, she ascended to the moon to retake her place as a goddess.解析: 嫦娥奔月、残忍皇帝已经是多年的女神>、嫦娥奔月、藐视地看到一个极其残忍的皇帝坐在宝座. 为群众,她自己可以再生的人间. 她的家庭其他成员丧生或遭受致命的皇帝,农村嫦娥奔月逃脱. 同时,皇帝发现老药的痴迷和生活. 他带人到各地,并要求他是如何发现生命灵药. 没有人知道,当然不会接受,但皇帝不作答,不知道那些执行. 在农村,与佛慈悲嫦娥奔月关贤,他准备让小嫦娥奔月灵药. 嫦娥奔月把药给皇帝. 担心皇帝怀疑是中毒,要求先嫦娥奔月味灵药. 突然,毫无不良影响,因此,把皇帝吃迅速死亡. 那么,还有嫦娥奔月尘世. 影响的只是拖延她吃. 但不是死,她登上月球收回其作为佛
英语写作是英语学习中的必修课，想要写好英语习作就必须多加练习，下面是英语作文范文及其翻译，欢迎参考阅读！
A complex problem –generation gap 一个复杂的问题-代沟
Nowadays,“generation gap”has gradually become a common phenomenon all over the world. Experiencing different time, as a result, causes the difference between parents and children in tastes, the method they deal with problems and values.
This case may more easily happen in teenagers. The reason lies in they are young, they have strong passion for freedom, and they like showing themselves off. Then it is no wonder that arguments often arise between their parents and them, which always make the parents worried. They can hardly figure out what their children are thinking about. Because they wear strange clothes, listen noisy music and even walk around town with tattoos and pierces all over their bodies. Nevertheless, in teenager’ eyes, their parents are out of date and conservative. They may talk with their friends more often than their parents. In a word, ‘generation gap’ is an interminable problem.
Seriously, how to bridge the generation gap? In my opinion, first, show respect. The mutual respect can play an important role in avoiding conflicts. Second, listen more than talk. It’s no doubt that it is a very efficient way to keep the conversation longer. At last, keep humors, this can make the talk friendly.
Despite the fact that parents may be worried about the generation gap between their children and themselves. But as we all know, with time going by, children gradually grow old and ripe. And then they will come to understand their parents.
今天，代沟现象”已经渐渐成为全世界的问题了。经历的时间不同，所以导致父母和儿童之间在品味上的差异，以及处理问题的方法上的差异。
这种情况可以更容易发生在青少年身上。原因读他们是年轻的，他们有强烈的激情追求自己的自由，他们想要展现自我。然后，难怪他们和他们的父母之间经常出现矛盾争吵，这总是使他们 的父母很担心。他们几乎没有什么可以明白他们孩子在想什么。因为他们穿奇怪的衣服，听嘈杂的音乐和甚至与有纹身的然后全身上下穿着名牌的朋友在城镇闲逛。然而，在青少年的眼中，他们的父母很保守而且过时。他们与他们的朋友谈话，可能比跟他们的父母谈话的更多。用一个字来形容，代沟就是关键问题。
说真的，如何打破代沟呢？在我看来，第一，要表示尊重。相互尊重可以避免冲突。第二，更多的倾听。这是毫无疑问的，它是一个非常有效的来保持谈话的时间的方式。最后，保持幽默感，这可以使谈话非常友好。
尽管这一代的父母可能会担心他们的孩子和他们之间的代沟。但我们都知道，随着时间的流逝，孩子会长大变成熟。然后他们会明白他们的父母。
我的乡村生活 My country life
I like to live in the countryside. I live in a small village. There is a river near it. Lots of trees are around my house. I can see a lot of farms and birds. There is less noise. The air here is cleaner and fresher. There are fewer cars. I read aloud early in the morning. When it is getting dark, the moon is bright in the sky. It's very quiet . What a nice place I live in !
我的乡村生活我喜欢住在乡下。我住在一个小村庄。附近有一条河。很多树在我的房子。我可以看到很多农场和鸟类。有较少的噪声。这里的空气更清新。有更少的汽车。我朗读的清晨。当它变得黑暗，月亮在天空明亮。它很安静。我住在什么地方不错！
Fun activities on campus 有趣的校园活动
Campus activities have been organized in many universities and colleges. These activities range from academic to recreational, such as academic reports, social consulting services, speech contests, poet s club, painting clubs, singing and dancing groups, etc.
These activities provide students with two major advantages. First of all, they play a positive role in improving students studies. Due to their heavy schedules, students are often busy themselves with textbooks and seldom expose themselves to a colorful life. But the variety of the activities provides opportunities for them to relax themselves and enrich their minds and knowledge. In addition, the activities also serve students living in the ivory tower have little chance to get in touch with society. Now the activities open the door for participants to leave their classrooms and get to know society.
All this offers an important means for students to broaden their horizons. They believe with the right kind of guidance and help campus activities will continue to grow and flourish.
许多大学和学院都已举办了校园活动。这些活动包括学术的娱乐，如学术报告，社会咨询服务，演讲比赛，诗人的俱乐部，绘画俱乐部，唱歌和跳舞的人群，等。
这些活动使学生具有两大优势。首先，它们在提高学生的`学习起着积极的作用。由于繁重的课业，学生往往忙于自己的课本和很少暴露自己丰富多彩的生活。但各种活动提供了让他们放松自己，丰富自己的思想和知识的机会。此外，活动还为生活在象牙塔的学生很少有机会接触社会。现在开放活动的参与者离开教室和了解社会的大门。
所有这一切都为学生提供开阔视野的重要手段。他们相信正确的指导和帮助校园活动将继续增长和繁荣。
My Favorite Activity 我最喜欢的活动
Everyone loves to do something when he has free time, and I do, too. What's my favorite activity? It's shopping. Shopping is so exciting and fun. When you walk along the street, you can see many different kinds and styles of clothes. They're really beautiful and new to me, so I find it hard to control myself. I want to buy everything. Of course, after shopping I have less money and I become sad because it will be a long time until I have enough money for my next shopping spree.
每个人都喜欢做的事情时，当他有空的时候，我也是。我最喜欢的活动是什么？是购物。购物是很刺激和有趣的。当你走在街上，你可以看到许多不同种类和款式的衣服。他们真的很漂亮，对我来说是新的，所以我很难控制自己。我想买一切。当然，购物后我的钱变少了，我会伤心因为它需要很长的时间直到我有足够的钱为我的下一个购物狂欢。
I Love My Family 我爱我家
I was born in an ordinary family, but it is very warm. My father is a clerk in a company. And my mother is a housewife. Every weekday morning my father will go to work and goes back in the late afternoon. And my mother will get up early to cook for us and then pick me up to school. Then sometimes she will do some cleaning and sometimes she will do something she likes. She will pick me up after school and then cook the dinner. After dinner, my parents will teach me to finish my homework and then we will watch TV together. At weekend, usually we will go out for family activity. I love my family.
我出世在一个普通而温馨的家庭。我爸爸是一名公司职员。我妈妈是家庭主妇。每天工作日早上我爸爸就会去工作，之后到下午才回来。我妈妈早早地起来给我们做早餐，然后送我去学校。之后有时她会回家做一些清洁，有时她会做一些她喜欢的事情。放学后她又会来接我，然后做饭。晚饭后，我父母会教我写作业，然后我们会一起看电视。周末的时候我们通常会出去家庭活动。我爱我家。
渡渡鸟 Dodo
The dodo only lived on a small island in the Indian Ocean centuries ago. When Portuguese sailors got there in the 16th century, they killed a great many dodos easily for food. By 1681,the dodo disappeared completely. As we all know, animals are our friends and we should live in harmony with them. However. the greed and selfish people are trying to destroy their peaceful life. Some people cut too many trees , destroying some animals’ home. Some people kill them for food. Moreover, some people kill them just for fur and skin. I do hope that the government can take more measures to protect them as soon as possible. Laws must be made to prevent people from destroying the forest .Whoever kills wildlife should be punished. What’s more ,all of us should be aware of the importance of protecting wildlife. It is very important for us to make friends with wild animals and protect them well, because to protect wildlife is to protect ourselves.
渡渡鸟只住在一个小岛上在印度洋世纪前。当葡萄牙的水手们在第十六世纪，他们杀了一个伟大的许多渡渡鸟容易食物。1681，渡渡鸟完全消失。我们都知道，动物是我们的朋友，我们应该和他们和睦相处。不过贪婪和自私的人们正试图破坏他们的和平生活。有些人砍了太多的树，毁坏了一些动物的家。有些人把他们杀了。而且，有些人为了皮毛和皮肤而杀死它们。我希望政府能采取更多措施尽快保护他们。必须有法律来阻止人们破坏森林，杀死野生动物的人应该受到惩罚。更重要的是，我们大家都应该意识到保护野生动物的重要性。对我们来说，与野生动物做朋友，保护它们是非常重要的，因为保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。
议论文要有论点、论据、个人观点。以环保为主题：Protection of Environment There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. the polluted air does great harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities. To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today. In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.保护环境目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病，造成死亡。更有甚者，随着现代社会的迅速扩建，植被大大的减少。为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染，保护森林资源和海洋资源，制止任何环境污染。因此，在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。我的看法是，为了保护环境，政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先，应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二，应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施，因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后，要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。
有很多的同学在写英语作文的时候，也会写一些经典的议论文，我整理了相关范文，希望会对大家有所帮助！
英语作文范文带中文翻译
Many years ago, the movie about the youth became very popular, every year, we can see many hot movies about the protagonist’s passed youth. People like to recall their passed youth, which makes such movies sell good. But I find the common things about these movies, all the protagonists’ youth are about fighting, love and other negative things. I understand the directors’ intention, they want to tell people youth is not perfect and having pities. Of course movie is exaggerating, the real youth is about studying, at least, most people have worked so hard to get into their ideal colleges. What the movies describe make up some people’s youth, for which they don’t have the chance to experience. We should not be misled by these movies, for the teenagers, their job is to study, so that they can have a bright future.
【翻译】很多年以前，关于青春的电影很受欢迎，此后每年，我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。人们喜欢回忆他们逝去的青春，这才是让这类电影好卖的原因。但是我发现了这些电影的共同点，那就是所有的主人公的青春都是关于大家，恋爱和其他消极的东西。我明白导演们的意图，他们想要告诉人们青春是不完美的，存在遗憾。当然电影是夸张化的，真正的青春是关于学习，至少，大部分人是如此努力的学习，为了进入理想的大学。电影所刻画的弥补了一些人的青春，对于他们没有机会去体验这些东西。我们不应该被电影误导，对于青少年来说，他们的工作是学习，这样他们才能有一个美好的未来。
高中英语作文范文80词
I like English. I think I can share my English learning method with you. First of all, develop interest on English. My way to make it is to watch movies from abroad. At first, I will watch the movie with subtitle. Then I will remove the subtitle, only English left. Gradually, show great interest in English. Secondly, recite vocabularies. Vocabulary is the necessary foundation to start learn English. This time you have to force yourself to remember words. Thirdly, understand basic grammar thoroughly. It is hard for me to understand the meaning of a sentence if I don’t know the basic grammar. Last but not least is to speak more. The basic purpose to learn a language is to communicate. So talk in English as much as you can. And don’t worry about losing face, because everyone makes mistakes. Those are my methods.
我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先，培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始，我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕，只留英文。渐渐地，我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次，背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三，完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法，我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此，尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸，因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。
英语作文100词左右带翻译——珍惜时间
Chinese Spring Festival celebrating the end of winter and the warmth of spring. It began in the last day of the lunar year, end in the 15th day of lunar New Year, also is the Lantern Festival. During the Spring Festival, people use red lantern and Spring Festival couplets decorate a house, put on all kinds of colored clothes, often
An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.
【翻译】英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么？因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱，但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由，我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。
许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。
不难啊，Argumentation
议论文argumentation ; argumentative writing如何写议论文。How to write an argumentative essay.属类：【学习英语】-〖教材中英对照〗-[高一课文]
argumentation
argumentative essay这个肯定对的我们English Bridging Course的时候，印度老师说的纯正英语书上也是这么说的
本科论文英语怎么说?“毕业论文”用英文怎么说？Graduationthesis毕业论文用英语怎么说？Graduationthesis"论文"用英语怎么说论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~Englishdissertation(英语论文)Graduationthesis(毕业论文)本科毕业论文英语怎么翻译Howwillputacrossyougradua激ionthesisandthe(thesis)oraldefense?毕业论文用英语怎么说一般用thesis博士论文dissertation本科论文的"导师"英语怎么表达?通常有：supervisormentortutormentor是比较常用我想问一下，毕业论文后面写的已发表论文，状态里面，英文怎么表达？比如Accepted等等。10分submitted:就是这篇文章已经提交给期刊，但还没有得到任何答复，还完全有被拒收的可能；underreview:就是文章进入评审阶段，一般提交给期刊的文章先要经过期刊助手对文章结构，字数等技术性检查，合格的话才送交主编，由主编邀请评审专家初审。underreview表明主编已经将论文送审了，结果仍未知；majorrevision:文章需要大改，一般情况下如果（2-3位中）1位评审专家对文章提出一些尖锐、负面的意见，而另几位的意见比较正面，则主编往往会要求作者进行大改动；至此，文章还是有被接受的可能，但要看改动后的文章是否让评审专家或主编满意；minorrevision:小改动，至此文章被接受的可能已经达90%，只需要对文中小的差错进行修改即可接受；accepted：完全接受，但离出版印刷发行还有段时间；earlyonline(oronlineready):已经完全定型的文章还需要排队印刷发行，这个过程有的期刊会很长，1-2年，earlyonline或onlineready就是先将文章在网上发布出来，供读者阅读。这时的文章doi号码已经有，也可以引用，但还没有正式的卷号，期号及页码；published:最后印刷出版了本科毕业论文摘要还需要用英语翻译吗？您好，根据我上学的时候帮各种人写毕业论文的经验来看。每个学校的规定都不一样，这个问题需要咨询一下你们的指导老师，或者看一下你们学校下发的毕业论文的格式规范。有的学校需要，有的不需要。所以，需要看你们学校的规定。英语本科毕业论文怎么写？？可以到淘宝网搜索店铺：职称毕业论文写作服务论文下载店老板人很热情的，是辽宁阜新的。我的同学都是在他那里下载或者写为什么本科论文前面要写一段英文英文是文章的摘要，方便英文使用者搜索到你的文章。如果你的文章写得好，被国外的人引用不是更好么。。。为什么叫做装。。。
毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。
n.论文，毕业论文;论点，论题;命题
1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。
2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?
这个命题经得起推敲吗？
3、He has finished his thesis.
他的论文完成了。
4、She's finished writing her thesis.
她那篇论文写出来了。
5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。
The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.
文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。
He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.
他凭一篇研究工业机器人的论文获得博士学位。
Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的`摘要。
Your thesis wouldn't get across if you used too many technical terms in it.
如果你用了过多的专门术语，你的论文就不会被人理解。
He is writing his doctoral thesis in electrical engineering.
他在写关于电气工程学的博士论文。
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse（学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的