干嘛。，、给他
先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英 文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文 献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。 第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。 第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。 第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。 1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。 一，选题要新颖。这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。二，大量文献做基础仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗三，一气呵成做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。四，尽量采用多的专业术语可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。五，用正规格式书写参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。七，成稿打印好交给导师无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。八，听取导师意见，仔细修改导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。
中国东盟加速降低关税的进程,中国与10个成员国的东南亚国家联盟(东盟) 加速降低关税的进程,以促进建立自由贸易区(FTA), 说一位高级外贸官员10月10日在北京举行. 中国的关税平均对东盟国家的货物被削减从9.9%降至8.1%,去年虽然比例将下降到6.6%,明年说尹zonghua, 副主任与该部的国际贸易和经济事务的商务部. 平均关税水平将继续下降至2.4%,在2009年,终于在2010年 所排定的时间,为建立中国-东盟自由贸易区, 93%的产品,从东盟国家将可免关税,根据尹. 尹透露削减关税的计划,在第三次中国-东盟自由贸易区研讨会这是由东盟北京委员会与中国-东盟商务理事会. 东盟国家也作出类似的安排,尹说,举了泰国的例子. 泰国削减其平均关税为中国产品从12.9%到10.7%,去年 同时计划进一步降低到2.8%,在2009年,根据银. "实践表明,关税减让已明显增强了中国与东盟经贸发展,"尹说. 官方统计数字显示,中国的贸易与东盟总额130.4亿美元,去年进口额为75亿美元,出口为55.4亿美元. 在今年头8个月以来, 中国进口56亿美元的产品从东盟出口44.9亿美元. 而总的贸易与东盟国家今年预计将超过150亿美元,而据殷. 中国和东盟从降低关税的做法,他们会达到双赢的结果,从自由贸易区 他指出. 中国当时的国务院总理朱镕基提出建立中国-东盟自由贸易区2000年11月,经领袖 明年. 2002年11月,两国元首在北京签署了框架协议,在中国-东盟全面经济合作 并把球滚动的自由贸易区. 到2010年,中国将建立自由贸易区,与汶莱,印尼,马来西亚,菲律宾,新加坡和泰国,越南,寮国, 柬埔寨和缅甸能享受多5年的过渡期. 除了大力推动货物贸易方面, 中国和东盟还将加快谈判,关于服务贸易和投资,以建构自由贸易区,在 全面展开,据殷. bambangkhaeroni,重视贸易与印尼驻华使馆 说的合作,中国与东盟之间的"一直工作动态" 印尼长期以来一直参与区域合作的倡议,如东盟和APEC(亚太经济合作组织),khaeroni说.
〔提要〕随着社会的进步和人类对工作、生活环境要求的提高,人们对给排水工程的设计已除了要求有合理、先进的工艺流程,能生产出高质量的水,还需要整个厂区有一个整洁优美的环境和赏心悦目的建筑形态。这就必须对给排水工程的原有设计方法和程序思路有一个较大的改变,应把设计的全过程看成是一个持续发展的、不断开放的、经常变化的动态体系,以确保设计出一个优秀工程来。一、问题的由来随着社会的进步和人类对工作环境、生活质量,特别是对美的追求的不断提高,人们已不再满足于原有的一套设计习惯。并且随着我国市场经济的确立,为了在竞争激烈的市场中求得生存和发展,更要求对以前不受建筑设计重视的给排水工程的设计来一个较大的改革,以适应日趋变化的业主市场。长期以来,给排水工程设计采用的是一种封闭静止的方法,就工艺而工艺,就生产而生产,仅仅只是为了满足单一的一种功能,没有综合地考虑各种要素,因此工程的最终结果必然不能全方位地满足业主的各方面要求,更不能满足日趋重要的环境要求。近年来给排水工程设计的经验教训告诉人们必须在设计的观念上要有一个较大的革新,或者说必须有一个新的认识才能真正确保给排水工程的设计质量的提高,即良好的功能和良好的建筑形象的高度统一。良好的功能可为生产和管理人员创造舒适安全和整洁优美的环境,从而提高劳动生产率;而良好的建筑形象也是一种功能,这种功能不光是物质上的还有精神上的。水厂建筑的特点:一是工业建筑范畴,但不能忽略其美观;二是建筑物匍伏于地,尺度不大,并且形式单调均一分散、变化不大;三是构筑物所占比重特大,表现在体量闷沉、笨重,而且一般布置在厂区平面显眼的中心位置;四是污水处理厂气味重而难闻;五是为使水厂的环境更加接近自然,需有大面积的绿化。因此,水厂的建筑设计的意义倒并不完全在于如何做好工艺(这是很重要的),如何画出一张美丽的图画,而在于其理想的目标能得以实现,完美的构思能得以表达,合理的功能能得以兑现,以及优雅的环境能得以体现。为了达到这个目的,水厂的建筑设计首先应该在确实掌握丰富的信息、详实的资料的条件下,在加强内部工种联系的前提下,在正确的设计原则指导下和正确的方式组织下,有步骤、有计划地应用现代化的科学方法和先进的技术手段去加以制订(其中还要特别重视国外的各种先进经验)。我们不能把设计的全过程看成是一个封闭———自立门户的模式;单一———就事论事的模式,稳定———一成不变的模式;而应该看成是一个持续发展的、不断开放的、经常变化的动态体系,才能确保设计出一个完美的优秀工程。二、要注意的几个因素1 工艺流程的要求给水处理厂即一般常称的自来水厂。由于原水水质不同,工艺流程有各种组合,但它的基本工艺为混合、絮凝、沉淀、过滤和消毒。在城市水厂中,基本流程为原水→一级泵房→加药→絮凝池→沉淀或澄清池→滤池→消毒清水池→二级泵房→用户。水厂内的主体处理构筑物中沉淀池、滤池基本上都高出地面,只有清水池可以埋入地下,而当沉淀采用平流式沉淀时,其池长达100余m,在水厂中会形成单调冗长的池体,都需加以仔细设计。大多数的城市污水处理厂的流程一般为提升后的污水重力经格栅→沉砂→初沉→曝气→二沉→消毒→出流。如果排入的水体是感潮水体,有时亦会在处理水排入前有提升泵站,以解决高潮时污水厂的出水问题。对于地下水位高的地区兴建的污水厂,为了解决构筑物的空池抗浮,往往以出水末端构筑物的高度为控制,而将进水泵站以后的构筑物以高出地面3～4m布置,这样就必须对这种沉闷不堪的大体量砼面作建筑处理,同时也必须对池间联系的狭小的通道走廊作恰当的建筑处理,否则作为一个整体环境来讲是极不理想的,往往也不易被人们所接受。2 总体规划的要求总体规划非常重要,它是设计的灵魂。在规划时首先要有一个总体布局的构思,其中应包括:工艺布局的合理、道路走向的清晰、广场的适宜、地域的平衡、人流的互不交叉和公建用房(即生活区,其中包括办公、科研、试验、管理、会议室、食堂、厨房等内容)的最佳布置,然后按照①功能分区合理、简捷、便利、经济的原则;②风向、日照、地形有利的原则;③构图优美、对比均衡、空间流通的原则等,根据工艺流程的要求,结合厂址的自然条件及环境条件(包括地形以至地质条件、厂外道路系统、绿化条件、朝向、原有建筑物等)来进行总体规划。在总体规划中必须注意要创造良好的日照、空气和通风条件,还要尽量避免噪声的干扰,合理安排和大量利用绿化,把生态环境放在首位统一规划(特别是厂前区),然后将建筑物(或构筑物)布置在经过深思熟虑的绿化等环境中。在绿化设施中须充分考虑到生态绿化和景观绿化的有机结合,并多种植些可以释放有益气体和减少尘埃的树种,以改善厂区环境,减少空气污染,提高厂区的明洁度。同时,建筑物(构筑物)的设计原则还必须在立足于“环境、空间、形式”三者统一的原则基础上,使群体形象和个体形象都能表现出一种内在的含蓄和谐调,并通过曲直、高低、虚实、明暗、黑白、凹凸、方圆、上下等造型元素和设计手法的运用充分体现出工艺工程设计的新境界。3 传统观念的改革传统是指技术上、文化上历史的凝聚、沉淀和积累,它是人们长期经验和教训的总结,是固有的客观存在。它之所以能长期继承,经久不衰,并在某些方面形成一种固有的心理态势,就是因为它具有一定的吸引力和耐人寻味的余韵,因此它往往极易被人们长久地、习惯地循套,自然地袭用,即使有时会出现一些问题和不足,但对成功来说总往往可加以原谅,或者最后说总的还是成功的。我们如果辩证地看,则可以这样说,在继承传统之余必须要有充分的创新,即从“现实的需要出发对传统作转变的工作”。如果工艺总是老一套形式,形式总是老面孔,色彩总是陈调重弹,即使在功能上还可以过得去,能满足业主的一般要求,但从社会发展来看,从两个文明来看,无论如何在组织形式上、在事先指导上、在各专业的协调、在通气上都应该重新思考,不能一味循旧。在工艺上必须要创新、要提高、要有些新东西。在选型、色彩上必须要美观、要有所升华,否则就不能使业主感到非常满意,不能心情舒畅。为此可以说挑战创新是必须的,是绝对的,没有创新就会暮气沉沉没有生气,就不能前进。4 防止专业之间的各行其是长期以来,给排水工程的习惯做法是工艺一马当先,先提出设想,后再递交给其它各工种,尽管各工种可以回提条件给工艺,但由于已成习惯,且因为各专业对工程总的概念认识不足而未能充分进行必要的商榷了解,互相质疑,因此就提不出内在的、关键的问题,致使矛盾隐蔽得不到圆满的解决,有时还会引起返工,最后造成木已成舟的尴尬局面,导致项目得不到最佳的方案,达不到最理想的质量。从管理科学上来说事先指导,预先协商,不把问题的解决拖到最后,这是最科学也是最有效的工作方法。如果一个专业的设计,一味地关在工作室里,并且总是闭门苦思(即没有和其它有关专业认真商量研究),就只会把这些设计(即使是本专业中最优秀的设想)从一个社会现象变成了一个孤零零的个体,并且将这个专业完全裹入到“绝对正确”之中而一丝也动弹不得,其结果必然是感觉迟钝且视感平平,最后远不能满足业主的总要求。因此,在整体设计中要非常重视事先的协调,重视事先的各有关专业的参与协商,并且必须认识到这不光是一个单一的项目也是一项系统工程,其优劣的关键必然是组成这个组织内的各有关要素的综合,而决不是一个主导专业的所为(当然,它是很重要的)。所以决不能允许各专业各行其是,或者说是过分地突出自己,而缺少必要的整体相融性。只有通过组织有序的精心的全面的设计安排,我们才能把一个初看好像支离破碎、意见分岐、没有完整性的模糊、凌乱的印象,变成一幅诗意盎然、变化有序、排列恰当、构图完美的图画。5 建筑设计的重要性不可忽视长期以来,由于历史的原因,建筑设计(特别是工业建筑)在思想上趋于封闭狭隘,在形式上趋于呆板一律,在色彩上趋于灰暗、单调,总之建筑在如何体现满足人类的舒适和精神要求这方面考虑得太少了,更谈不上在美观的构思上多下功夫,而只片面单纯地理解为单一的功能性构筑物,仅为满足生产而已,别无它求,诸如环境、空间、选型、尺度、色彩等方面都无关紧要也无须多考虑。因此在工业建筑中,建筑的地位一直不高,也没有什么发言权,最后造成厂区建筑不美观,品味不高,大家不满意。随着社会经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,人们已不仅仅满足于需要有一流的先进的工艺、能生产出较好的社会需要的产品,人们的追求向更高层次发展,更需要有一个包括优美的环境,良好的工作条件在内的赏心悦目的舒适的氛围,更需要防止和减少工业建筑常有的废水废气对周边环境的污染。这就需要进行全方位的综合的建筑设计,对污染进行充分有效的处理,保证有清晰的水质和洁净的空气。建筑设计虽然不像工艺设计那样直接产生经济效益,但从全局、长远的效应来看,其对提高生产效率、保障职工的身体健康、社会的文明都能起到很好的、积极的能动作用。因此,我们有必要对给排水工程中建筑设计这个概念有一个新的认识,它必须是全面的、综合的、整体效应的结果并必须在整个设计过程中贯彻始终。设计实践告诉我们应该有一个懂总图的设计师来进行总的牵头、控制和协调,平衡各专业,取其所长限其所短来达到最佳的视觉效果,我们暂且称此设计师为总协调建筑师吧。在建筑设计全过程中,总协调建筑师要始终以能形成最佳环境景观的观念为依据,充分考虑到工艺流程的最先进、最便捷,结构布局的最经济、最合理,不断地向各有关专业的负责人就当地环境景观的形成进行有方向性的引导,并不时向他们提供大家能接受的各种状态建议或者能取得平衡的一些构想,以达到最广泛的共识,统一的行动。为了对全局进行有效的控制,总协调师还要根据其对环境景观形成的基本观念预先策划制定各项设计细则,它将作为整体设计的原则引导各个单体在循序渐进中得以贯彻、实现、完善,起到启发创新的作用。在此前提下,又要避免造成对各单体专业自由构想的束缚,以细则为依据进行整个设计运作的协调,在各专业之间按照具体的变化情况就整体和单体衔接部分之间进行柔和的调整,使之达到统一。此外,总协调师还要在尊重各专业特点的前提下,为实现全局的一种“缓和宽松的秩序”而进行工作,也就是说总的协调是指制约的开放性,或者说是在整体观上充分保持单体设计(专业设计)者的自立性,充分发挥其个性特点,把所谓的束缚性因素限制在最小的范围内,最后达到辩证的统一,即互相限制了各自的不足,又保留了各自长处,而且彼此心情愉快,形成最佳的综合效应。建筑物的设计处理大体有以下的一些手法:1公共建筑(1)总平面要结合地形地貌,因地制宜,构图优美,比例匀称,并注意韵律。(2)功能相近者尽量合并,减少地面分散的构筑群,要做到大中见小、见透。(3)要处理好内外部空间,做到宽松、明亮、空透、轻灵。(4)立面和平面都力求避免过于平直、呆板,可适当组织上下、左右、高低参差,和配以局部的弧形以示流畅、舒适。(5)色彩上可区别于厂区建筑,但又不能太过于突出,必须符合统一中求变化的大原则,即在和谐中求局部的突变和醒目。(6)屋顶的处理可以在平屋顶的基础上适当配以小斜顶,或局部注以建筑符号起到全区的点缀、装饰之用。2生产性建筑(1)合并同类型相近功能的设施,多占天,少占地。(2)平面要简朴,要注意构图均衡,立面处理不宜运用过细的线条,要突出块形,要有厚实感。要注意虚实对比,高低有序,前后层次,交错合理。窗子形式可作为一种图案,多求变化。(3)要注意细部设计,任何一种粗心大意、不拘小节都会给整个建筑带来败笔。特别要注意室内的线路,管道、孔洞都要精心设计,合理安排,一般不暴露在外。(4)色彩处理宜平淡整洁为主,另配局部点缀,其鲜明程度要次于厂前区建筑的色彩处理。(5)要考虑到建筑物的连接体处理,可以理解为是一种过渡,进行超常规的处理,并顾及相互的空间和环境。(6)屋顶的处理可略同厂前区建筑。结束语综上所述,给排水工程的建筑设计是一门多学科又“色、香、味”俱全的特殊工程,牵涉到的因素方方面面,千头万绪。本文因涉及到的面较广,工艺流程也较复杂,目前还存在着不少亟待解决的理论与实践的关系问题,由于这方面的理论较缺乏,实践不够,因此肯定会有许多不足,但不管怎样只是想通过本文能对水厂(污水厂)的建筑设计全过程引起重视,作为提高水厂(污水厂)整体设计质量的一种尝试、探讨。回答的字数有限制的 没法译了 不好意思..
Modern architecture, not to be confused with 'contemporary architecture', is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. While the style was conceived early in the 20th century and heavily promoted by a few architects, architectural educators and exhibits, very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. For three decades after the Second World War, however, it became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building. 1. Origins Some historians see the evolution of Modern architecture as a social matter, closely tied to the project of Modernity and hence to the Enlightenment, a result of social and political revolutions. Others see Modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments, and it is true that the availability of new building materials such as iron, steel, concrete and glass drove the invention of new building techniques as part of the Industrial Revolution. In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his ‘fireproof’ design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flag stone floors. Such construction greatly strengthened the structure of mills, which enabled them to accommodate much bigger machines. Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills collapsed. It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction, this kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading to the description, "Dark satanic mills" of places like Manchester and parts of West Yorkshire. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and glass construction; possibly the best example is the development of the tall steel skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis Sullivan. Early structures to employ concrete as the chief means of architectural expression (rather than for purely utilitarian structure) include Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple, built in 1906 near Chicago, and Rudolf Steiner's Second Goetheanum, built from 1926 near Basel, Switzerland. Other historians regard Modernism as a matter of taste, a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of Victorian Era and Edwardian Art Nouveau. Whatever the cause, around 1900 a number of architects around the world began developing new architectural solutions to integrate traditional precedents (Gothic, for instance) with new technological possibilities. The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, Otto Wagner in Vienna and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and new. 2. Modernism as Dominant Style By the 1920s the most important figures in Modern architecture had established their reputations. The big three are commonly recognized as Le Corbusier in France, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius in Germany. Mies van der Rohe and Gropius were both directors of the Bauhaus, one of a number of European schools and associations concerned with reconciling craft tradition and industrial technology. Frank Lloyd Wright's career parallels and influences the work of the European modernists, particularly via the Wasmuth Portfolio, but he refused to be categorized with them. Wright was a major influence on both Gropius and van der Rohe, however, as well as on the whole of organic architecture. In 1932 came the important MOMA exhibition, the International Exhibition of Modern Architecture, curated by Philip Johnson. Johnson and collaborator Henry-Russell Hitchcock drew together many distinct threads and trends, identified them as stylistically similar and having a common purpose, and consolidated them into the International Style. This was an important turning point. With World War II the important figures of the Bauhaus fled to the United States, to Chicago, to the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and to Black Mountain College. While Modern architectural design never became a dominant style in single-dwelling residential buildings, in institutional and commercial architecture Modernism became the pre-eminent, and in the schools (for leaders of the profession) the only acceptable, design solution from about 1932 to about 1984. Architects who worked in the international style wanted to break with architectural tradition and design simple, unornamented buildings. The most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support, and concrete for the floors and interior supports; floor plans were functional and logical. The style became most evident in the design of skyscrapers. Perhaps its most famous manifestations include the United Nations headquarters (Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Sir Howard Robertson), the Seagram Building (Ludwig Mies van der Rohe), and Lever House (Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill), all in New York. A prominent residential example is the Lovell House (Richard Neutra) in Los Angeles. Detractors of the international style claim that its stark, uncompromisingly rectangular geometry is dehumanising. Le Corbusier once described buildings as "machines for living", but people are not machines and it was suggested that they do not want to live in machines. Even Philip Johnson admitted he was "bored with the box." Since the early 1980s many architects have deliberately sought to move away from rectilinear designs, towards more eclectic styles. During the middle of the century, some architects began experimenting in organic forms that they felt were more human and accessible. Mid-century modernism, or organic modernism, was very popular, due to its democratic and playful nature. Alvar Aalto and Eero Saarinen were two of the most prolific architects and designers in this movement, which has influenced contemporary modernism. Although there is debate as to when and why the decline of the modern movement occurred, criticism of Modern architecture began in the 1960s on the grounds that it was universal, sterile, elitist and lacked meaning. Its approach had become ossified in a "style" that threatened to degenerate into a set of mannerisms. Siegfried Giedion in the 1961 introduction to his evolving text, Space, Time and Architecture (first written in 1941), could begin "At the moment a certain confusion exists in contemporary architecture, as in painting; a kind of pause, even a kind of exhaustion." At the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a 1961 symposium discussed the question "Modern Architecture: Death or Metamorphosis?" In New York, the coup d'état appeared to materialize in controversy around the Pan Am Building that loomed over Grand Central Station, taking advantage of the modernist real estate concept of "air rights",[1] In criticism by Ada Louise Huxtable and Douglas Haskell it was seen to "sever" the Park Avenue streetscape and "tarnish" the reputations of its consortium of architects: Walter Gropius, Pietro Belluschi and the builders Emery Roth & Sons. The rise of postmodernism was attributed to disenchantment with Modern architecture. By the 1980s, postmodern architecture appeared triumphant over modernism, including the temple of the Light of the World, a futuristic design for its time Guadalajara Jalisco La Luz del Mundo Sede International; however, postmodern aesthetics lacked traction and by the mid-1990s, a neo-modern (or hypermodern) architecture had once again established international pre-eminence. As part of this revival, much of the criticism of the modernists has been revisited, refuted, and re-evaluated; and a modernistic idiom once again dominates in institutional and commercial contemporary practice, but must now compete with the revival of traditional architectural design in commercial and institutional architecture; residential design continues to be dominated by a traditional aesthetic. 选我的谢谢
。Hartog,A.H.,1983年“分布式温度传感器基于Liquid-Core光纤国立LT-1:498-509光波1995,16(2)。2。Barnoski M.K.和詹森,丁镛,1976年,“Fiber-Waveguides调查:设计了一种新颖的技术,李波。衰减特性”Opt.,15:2112-2115。3。论文Dakin苏达权等,1985,“温”斯托曼派发陈鹰。第三个智力。在选择之。光纤传感器,post-deadline圣地牙哥,2月(纸)4。Hartog等,A.H.高庆宇,1985年,“分布式温度传感在实芯纤维”电子。21:1061-3(1)。5。Farries,M。C和罗杰斯,一个。J,刺激、分布式传感使用984路光纤拉曼相互作用,陈鹰。第二智力。在光纤传感器数值,pp121-32斯图加特,纸4.5。6。Dakin欢欣,1987年,“分布式光纤温度传感器使用光学克尔效应”,陈鹰。变动,纤维光学传感器的798艺术,pp149-156 II。7。Hartog,A.H.,1995,“分布式光纤温度传感器技术和应用的电力工业”,电力工程,杂志6月刊上。8。1995年,A.H. Hartog光纤温度传感器监测Wakamatsu”,“现代电力系统,pp25-28 2月刊上。
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清北医学翻译的翻译老师对这方面在行，请教下他们，这些对他们来说一点难度都没有。
外文文献是与论文内容相关的一片外文文章，内容只要与你的中文论文相关就行，字数大概3000字，再按照外文内容翻译成中文就行
Clothes Material Clothing Fabrics a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including: *electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles *thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics *cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel *permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes *optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation *integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures *wearable electronic and photonic technologies *adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) *and biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering This book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating.SMART FIBRES, FABRICS AND CLOTHING starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including: * electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles * thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics * cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel * permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes * optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation * integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures * wearable electronic and photonic technologies * adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) * and biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering This book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating.Smart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothingedited by Xiaoming TaoReviews background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology Provides insight into the latest technological developments such as thermally sensitive fibers and fabrics, wearable electronic and photonic technologies, adaptive and responsive textile structures, biomedical applications, and more Contains contributions from a distinguished international panel of experts Covers many aspects of cutting edge research and developmentSmart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including:Electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles Thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates Stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes Optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation Integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures Wearable electronic and photonic technologies Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) And biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineeringSmart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating.ContentsSmart technology for textiles and clothing - An overview and review Introduction Development of smart technology for textiles and clothing Outline of the book Electrically active polymer materials: application of non-ionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles Introduction Polymer materials as actuators or artificial muscle Peculiarity of polymer gel actuator Triggers for actuating polymer gels Electro-active polymer gels as artificial muscles From electro-active polymer gel to electro-active elastomer with large deformation Heat storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing Development introduction Basics of heat-storage materials Manufacture of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing Properties of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing application Development trends Thermally sensitive materials Introduction Thermal storage and thermal insulating fibres Thermal insulation through polymeric coatings Design of fabric assemblies Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates as multifunctional and multi-use intelligent materials Introduction Fibrous intelligent materials Experimental Results and discussion Stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membrane prepared by plasma and radiation grafting techniques Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Mechanical properties of fibre Bragg gratings Introduction Fabric techniques Mechanisms of FBG sensor fabrication Mechanical properties Influence of the UV irradiation on mechanical properties Polymeric fibre Optical responses of FBG sensors under deformations Introduction Optical methodology for FBG sensors Optical responses under tension Optical responses under torsion Optical responses under lateral compression Optical responses under bending Smart textile composites integrated with fibre optic sensors Introduction Optical fibres and fibre optic sensors Principal analysis of embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors Simultaneous measurements of strain and temperature Measurement effectiveness Reliability of FBGs Error of strain measurement due to deviation of position and direction Distributed measurement systems Hollow fibre membranes for gas separation Historical overview of membranes for gas separation Developments of membranes for industrial gas separation Theories of permeation processes Phase inversion and hollow fibre membrane Future hollow fibre membranes and industrial gas separation Embroidery and smart textiles Introduction Basics of embroidery technology Embroidery for technical applications - tailored fibre placement Embroidery technology used for medical textiles Embroidered stamp - gag or innovation? Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) Introduction Textiles in computing: the symbiotic relationship The Georgia Tech Wearable MotherboardTM GTWM: contributions and potential applications Emergence of a new paradigm: harnessing the opportunity Wearable technology for snow clothing Introduction Key issues and performance requirements The prototype Bio-processing for smart textiles and clothing Introduction Treatment of wool with enzymes Treatment of of cotton with enzymes Enzymatic modification of synthetic fibres Spider silk 'Intelligent fibres' Tailor-made intelligent polymers for biomedical applications Introduction Fundamental aspects of shape memory materials Concept of biodegradable shape memory polymers Degradable thermoplastic elastomers having shape memory properties Degradable polymer networks having shape memory properties Textile scaffolds in tissue engineering Introduction Ideal scaffold system Scaffold materials Textile scaffolds
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学习英语可以是一个枯燥的过程，也可以是一个有趣的过程。我在此献上经典英语美文，希望对大家喜欢。
双语美文：愿得一人心，白首不分离
One warm evening many years ago…
犹记得多年前，那个让人暖心的夜晚
After spending nearly every waking minute with Angel for eight straight days, I knew that I had to tell her just one thing. So late at night, just before she fell asleep, I whispered it in her ear. She smiled – the kind of smile that makes me smile back – and she said, “When I’m seventy-five and I think about my life and what it was like to be young, I hope that I can remember this very moment.
”整整8天除了睡着其余的时间我都陪着安吉尔，酝酿已久，我想我一定要告诉她一件事。于是这天夜里，就在她刚刚睡下，我便在她耳边轻声说起来，说完她就笑了，是那种希望得到我回应的笑，接着说道：“真希望我老到75岁的时候，开始回忆，这一刻须臾会变成永恒。”
A few seconds later she closed her eyes and fell asleep. The room was peaceful – almost silent. All I could hear was the soft purr of her breathing. I stayed awake thinking about the time we’d spent together and all the choices in our lives that made this moment possible. And at some point, I realized that it didn’t matter what we’d done or where we’d gone. Nor did the future hold any significance.
很快她就闭上眼睛睡着了，整个房间祥和安静，甚至有些寂静。耳畔起伏着安吉尔轻柔的呼吸声，我清醒的回忆我们共度的这些美好时光，是冥冥之中的选择成就了我们在一起的时刻。我们做过什么，去过哪里都不重要，甚至未来也不重要。
All that mattered was the serenity of the moment.
眼下最重要的就是此刻的和谐安宁。
Just being with her and breathing with her.
只要能与她同呼吸共命运，便别无所求。
The moral: We must not allow the clock, the calendar, and external pressures to rule our lives and blind us to the fact that each individual moment of our lives is a beautiful mystery and a miracle – especially those moments we spend in the presence of a loved one.
启示：时间、日常事务、以及其他的外部压力都不能左右和束缚我们的生活，因为每个人，尤其是与心爱之人一起度过的美好时光，才是我们生命中最让人心驰神往，美妙动人的追寻。
双语美文：在逆境中学到了人生最重要的一课
Everybody has to face bad days in their life. Some face ailments, some face fears, some face poverty, some face helplessness etc etc. No one can escape from it. It is a rule of life. Two things always combines together like joy and sadness, laugh and cry, health and illness, profit and loss, morning and night, confidence and inferiority complex, victory and failure likewise good days and bad days.
每个人都会有不如意的时候，有人身体欠佳，有人面临恐惧，有人贫困不堪，有人迷惘无助，等等，没有人能够一帆风顺，直至终老。如影随形，此消彼长的事物，比如，高兴与悲伤，欢笑与哭泣，健康与疾病，获得与失去，早晨和晚上，自信与自卑，成功与失败，顺境和逆境也是如此。
You know what is the biggest advantage of bad days? You come to know GOD. What is God? What he can do? He is so friendly, understanding, loving and moreover God is the Superman he can do anything in a second. Yes true he can do anything. He is the only light in darkness. God is so merciful he always forgives and never complaint whether you ignore him many times that is why according to me God is the only best and faithful friend who never cheats.
你知道不顺的日子带给你最大的感悟是什么?就是你开始信奉神明。上帝是谁?他能够帮我做些什么?他是那么的亲切和蔼，善解人意，胸怀广博，不仅如此他就像超人瞬间排除一切障碍。是的上帝无所不能，他是黑暗中的一丝曙光。之所以上帝是人类完美的朋友，是因为他是如此坦诚布公，慈悲为怀，予取予求，不图回报，原谅世人的无数次薄情。
When bad days come a person first of all cannot understand what is going on, why me? But after sometimes he realises his strength and start doing every single thing to come out of it. And he comes out but that journey is though very painful but when you once crossed it you will find your journey very meaningful, you will feel like as your rebirth. You have totally changed your thoughts, your perception, and you can understand life better. You get the meaning of your life. In short you start becoming wise.
当不幸降临，一开始我们总会怨天尤人。但是为了摆脱困境，我们竭尽所能。当一切过去，回头来看，这段经历对你来说非比寻常，如同凤凰涅槃。而且你的思想观念都会发生翻天覆地的变化，对人生也会有更加深刻的领悟，简而言之，你会变得更加睿智。
The biggest lesson of life during bad days according to me is that a person becomes spritual and a giver which he wasn't before. Life means to creat it. First think what you want in your life then start giving the same think. This is one of the most important thing I have learnt in my life. You want love then start spreading it, you want money then start giving to needy, you want happiness then start doing all things which give happiness. Everything is in your hand you only need to give first. If don't have everything then give or share what you have. Still you feel you have nothing to share then give smile. You can't imagine that your smile can do wonder for someone. So start smiling from today onwards.
逆境给我最深的领悟是，变得更加注重精神层面，懂得给予。生命的真谛在于，遵循你的内心先去履行赋予它的意义，这是我的感悟。比如，你想要得到爱你先要懂得如何传播爱，你想要钱，你先要懂得施舍，你想要快乐，那就先做让别人快乐的事情。你想要得到就必须先付出。如果你一无所有，那么你至少可以面对他人，面带微笑。微笑的魔力超乎想象，那让我们从今天开始就坚持面带微笑吧。
The most beautiful lesson I have learnt in my life is that If you are in pain then remember one thing: time is though hard but it would be the best time of your life. You know why we have to face hard days? Did you think about it? No!!!! Ok I will tell you. We always forget two unforgettable things. First is God and second is family. Nowadays money is everything. Money is important, in fact very important but it is not a life so why to spend whole life in earning money. When will we live? What you can do now you can't do it tomorrow so don't let the day pass without enjoying.
逆境中让我感到的最美好的是，体会到上帝和家庭的重要性，这两样东西是我们平常最容易忽略的。每日碌碌只为功名利禄，钱财物质固然重要，但不是生活的唯一，活在当下，感受生活的美好安逸，不要让这些轻易的溜走。
One thing I must share with you is that if you want to grow and learn more than you know, then do whatever you want to do but beyond your comfort zone. Always try to think that I can, then nothing is impossible for you. Difficulty is in the mind not in work.You know one thing when we accept life as it comes or we accept that everything happens for a reason or for our betterment. Believe me you will find your hard days as an adventure but you need to trust God and at the end you will find yourself a winner.
如果你们想要很好的学习成长，那么我倒有条建议，就是在你们的舒适区之外尝试任何你们想做的事情。困难只是心魔，克服它便没有什么可以阻挡你。坦然面对并接受人生的起落，不管是什么原因，亦或是让我们成为很好的自己。我保证当你回忆起这段不顺，你会发现就像经历了一场冒险，但你依然要相信上苍，最后你会发现，你自己也能成为救世主。
I hope you like it. Love you all and God bless you all with healthy wealthy long life and good destiny.
希望你们喜欢这篇鸡汤文。爱你们，上帝保佑你们都长命百岁，平顺喜乐。
美文欣赏：没有颜值又如何?同样能有精彩的活法
When I was seven years old, I would put my school book bag on both my shoulders and had it sit plumb in the middle of my back, as backpacks were made to do.
在我七岁那年，我会用双肩背书包，让它处在我背部的正中央，感觉双肩包就应该这么背。
One morning, when it was so frigid outside you could barely muster getting out of bed, my older brother joined me at the bus stop, and told me I was wearing my backpack wrong. He grabbed it, tossed it over my right shoulder with both straps on the same side and said, “There, that’s better.”
某天早晨，外面寒风萧瑟，冷到你根本不想起床，我的哥哥跟我一同在车站等车，他告诉我我的双肩包背错了。他一把抓过来，将书包和两侧的背带甩至我的右肩，然后说“看，这就好多了。”
Then he said, “You’re not pretty, so you have to try harder. OK?”
然后他说，“你不漂亮，所以你要更加努力，明白吗?”
I stayed smiling because even at a young age, I understood the importance of pretending to not have emotions. In my household, it was a matter of survival. But what he said crushed me.
我的笑容凝固了，因为即便在青少年时期，我也知道假装不露声色的重要性。在我家里，这是一种生存技能。但是他说的让我感到崩塌。
Soon thereafter, I started picking up on the signs one receives when they aren’t attractive. This was made more complicated because I had a lot of friends and people who, for the most part, liked me. I was good at sports. I had various musical talents and up until life completely fell apart at home, I was a good student. I was also a fighter so people didn’t dare make fun of me overtly, at least before growth spurts kicked in and the playing field was still even.
此后，我开始关注人们对于低颜值人的反应。这可是比较浩大的工程，因为我有许多朋友和家人，他们大部分时候还是挺喜欢我的。我擅长体育，具有各式的音乐天赋，而且直到我的家庭生活彻底支离破碎前，我也是个好学生。我同时也很好强，所以人们不太敢公然地开我玩笑。至少，在发育高峰之前，生活还是比较公平的。
Mostly, I paid for not being conventionally attractive by being ignored or not included in “moments” – the many moments attractive people experience.
很多时候，我因为没有高颜值而被人忽略或无法经历“某些时刻”——那些具有高颜值的人所经历的时刻。
Many times, I walked into a room with all of my friends and witnessed them receiving compliments – everyone except me. It’s not that people look at you say, “My god, you’re incredibly ugly. Tell me, how do you not kill yourself?” It’s how you can stand next to an attractive person and the people around you, even the unattractive ones themselves, will say, “Wow, your friend is pretty. Look at her, have you ever seen a girl so pretty?”
不知多少次我和我朋友一起走进教室然后看着她们接受别人的赞美，除了我之外每个人都有。也并非人们看着你说“天哪，你真是丑啊，你为什么还活着呢?”，而是你站在美女或帅哥旁边，人们围着你，甚至毫不起眼的人他们都会说“噢，你的朋友真漂亮。看看她，还有谁能美过她呢?”
It took me being observant and honest to see I didn’t belong. It took studying the aesthetics in photos taken by my friends and knowing something wasn’t quite right. It’s a lack of pride you know would be there if you were just prettier, or sexier. It’s that you simply know that no matter what you do, sans literal plastic surgery, you will never belong to a certain club.
我善于察言观色，而且很诚实，所以我知道我注定不合主流。我仔细研究我朋友照片中的美学，然后发现某些东西并非是真理。如果你仅仅是姿色更上一层或性感尤物，你却缺乏油然而生的自豪感。你明白无论你怎改变，除非整形，你永远不会属于高颜值的团体。
But here is where I throw you a curve ball: my being unattractive hasn’t stopped me from living the other side’s life. Most people never figure out how to navigate this world I live in. I will just tell you I rejected the rules of the beautiful, and learned how to make them work for me.
但是现在我给你一剂药方：我的不出众的相貌并不能阻止我拥有自己的生活。许多人在处于和我一样的境地时都不知道如何掌控他们自己的方向。我想告诉你的是：我打破了颜值定律并让他们变得有利于自己。
I decided I would shoot out of my league. I made friends and dated people I shouldn’t be allowed to date. I stepped over the line. I surrounded myself with individuals who are more educated, prettier or smarter than me, even in the face of people saying, quite literally, “they are out of your league.”
我决定扩展我的圈子，我和以前觉得不能交朋友的人交朋友，和以前觉得不能约的人约会。我越过了那条线，周围全是比我更有学识、更漂亮的人，甚至人们告诉我，非常实事求是的说“他们可不是你圈子里的人啊”。
I may not technically be the smartest or most beautiful person, but I run with those who are. I become by association, even a touch of such, even at a lower rank – beautiful. I buck the system.
我也许不会是最聪明最漂亮的人，但是我和这些人一同奋斗，哪怕仅有一点点提升，哪怕仍然没那么漂亮，我踢爆了这个固有的规则。
To do so, yes, means you may be painfully aware of what you are and will never be. You will be defined by what you have the nerve to aim at being. In doing so, you will challenge and question what smart is. You will not be generic, or predictable. Attractive is only what we define it to be. Don’t pigeonhole yourself so quickly. Live the life you want to live – even if you didn’t win the genetic lottery.
是的，这样做你也许会痛苦的发现自己的真想并再也不可能成为“漂亮”的人。你前进的目标将定义你自己。如此一来，你会挑战和质疑“聪慧”。你将成为个例或非等闲之辈。美丽仅仅是我们给的定义。别那么快的给自己归类，即使你没有天赋，也要活出自己的精彩。
随着经济全球化发展,英语在全球范围内被广泛使用,成为国际通用语, 具有国际化。但是随着英语在世界各地的使用, 不可避免地受到当地文化的影响,英语又具有本土化。我精心收集了经典英语小短文带翻译，供大家欣赏学习! 经典英语小短文带翻译：良好的生活态度 A Good Life Attitude Life is posed of plex things and emotions, but sometimes a good life attitude can change a lot, showing a different world for everyone. We all know that taking the college entrance examination is one of the most important things for a person’s whole life. Of course, high school students will under great pressure. So, how to treat it properly before and after the exam is very important. My opinions are as following. 生活有各种复杂的事情以及情感构造而成，然而有时候良好的生活态度可以有很大的改变，为我们展示了一个不一样的世界。众所周知参加高考是每个人一生中最重要的事情之一。当然，高中生肯定得承受很大的压力。所以，如何在考前以及考后看待这个考试是很重要的。我的观点如下。 First of all, keeping a good life attitude is helpful for college entrance exam. As everyone regards it as so important and students themselves also put so much effort on it, they are surely stressful when it is ing. Some cannot fall asleep, some cannot think, and some cannot memorize things well because they are too nervous. As a result, they may not perform well in the exam. However, if they can keep a usual mind, they maybe at their best to get a good mark. 首先，保持良好的生活态度有助于高考。因为每个人都把高考看得那么重要，而且学生本身也为此付出了很大努力，当高考即将来临时他们肯定会压力山大。由于过于紧张，有人会失眠，有人会脑子一片空白，还有人会记不住知识。所以，他们在考试中可能会表现失常。但是，如果他们可以保持良好的生活态度，他们就有可能处他们最好的状态，从而取得好成绩。 In addition, after the high school entrance examination, keeping a good lift attitude is very important. Having experienced so stressful study for a long time, some students start to indulge themselves. Some may be very lazy and some may do some crazy things to relax. However, it turns out that their behavior will ruin themselves at last. If they have a good life attitude, they would relax themselves in a proper way not excessive. 而且，高考之后保持良好的心态也是很重要的。在长期经历高压学习后，有些学生会开始堕落。有些可能会很懒，或者做一些疯狂的事来放松自我。然而，他们的这些行为最终有可能会毁了他们。如果他们能保持良好的生活态度，他们就会正确的放松而不是过度。 In a word, keeping a good life attitude is significant and helpful in everyone’s whole life. 总之，保持良好的生活态度在每个人的一生中都是很重要，也是很有帮助的。 经典英语小短文带翻译：旅游景点的保护和拯救 Protection and Rescue of Tourist Attractions Over the past decades, we have seen a conspicuously soaring number of international tourists visiting a diversity of tourist attractions. At the same time, I am despondent to discover that the positions of cultural heritages and natural attractions are jeopardized severely. 在过去的几十年间，我们已经可以看到参观各种各样旅游景点的旅客数目显著地急剧增长。与此同时，我很伤心的看到文化遗产和自然景区正遭受着严重的损害。 According to a recent report conducted by Thames, the well-known vacation resort-- Mediterranean is getting close to a toilet, posing a disastrous hazard of getting infected by bacteria to visitors who swim in the sea. What’s more deleterious, the famous fresco and sculptures in Sistine Cathedral located in Vatican was eroded and rotten by heat emitted from visitors. Apart from that, pared with the number that 14 people went down the Colorado River in USA twenty years ago, the present visitors aggregate to over one thousand, making the river much more congested. 根据泰晤士报最新的资料，妇孺皆知的度假胜地-地中海正在变成像是一个无法冲水的马桶，因为它使得在其中游泳的旅客有被细菌感染的威胁。更加严重的是，梵蒂冈大教堂中著名的壁画和雕塑正在被游客散发出的热量所腐蚀。除此之外，20年前美国的科罗拉多河上每天只有14个人顺流而下，相比之下如今这一资料已经超过了一千，使得科罗拉多河变得极其拥挤。 It is high time that we should place some regulations to protect tourist attractions. The primary proposal came up in my mind is that, local government should carry out more rigid laws banning mi *** ehavior in tourist attractions such as doodling and spitting arbitrarily. In the second place, it is undeniable that restriction on the number of tourists can make a difference. Keeping the flow of visitors under control will undoubtedly exert beneficial influence on cultural heritages such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. 现在真的是我们应当出台保护旅游景点管理条例的时候了。我脑中浮现的第一个解决措施就是让当地的 *** 出台更加严格的法律条例来惩治旅游景点内旅客的品行不端，如随手涂鸦和随地吐痰。第二，可以肯定的说限制旅客数量也会产生重大意义。保持旅客数量在控制范围之内必然会对诸如紫禁城，长城这类文化遗产祈祷好的影响。 Last but not least, the rising awareness of acting morally is also a necessity. Only with more citizens attaching crucial significance to the living condition of tourist attractions can we solve this conundrum from its foundation. 最后但不是最次要的一点是人们增强文明表现的意识也必不可少。只有当更多的公民能重视旅游景点的现状，我们才能真正从根本上解决这一问题。 经典英语小短文带翻译：Preparing For A Perfect Journey 为完美旅程做准备 Beautiful landscapes, exotic cultures and a relaxing time all contribute to the perfect journey. Journey can bring us much happiness, people all think about how wonderful their journey will be, but the preparation is also a fun part of one’s trip. 美丽的风景，异国情调的文化和放松的时间，所有这些都是完美假期所包含的。旅途可以带给人很多乐趣，人们所能想到的就是他们的假期将会有多么的美妙，但是准备也是旅途有趣的一部分。 Liu is a college student, he went to travel to Tibet last week, “thinking about my experiences of travel, it’s the preparation beforehand that helps me a lot, I keep an enduring memory.” Liu says. We know preparation before the journey is very important, it ensures people safety, at the same time, people can have fun. What should people prepare for? 刘是一名大学生，他上周去 *** 旅游，“想到我的旅游经验，提前的准备给我带来了很大的帮助，我留下了难忘的回忆。”刘说。我们知道在旅游前做准备是很重要的，这能确保人们的安全，同时，人们可以享受乐趣。人们应该准备什么呢? People should sketch a detailed route taking into account first. They need to check out their route very clearly, so they won’t lose their way. The second is to book the hotel earlier, make sure there is available room for you when you go to the place, if people don’t do it, sometimes there will be no room left. The third is to check out the weather during your journey, to make sure it fits your journey. 人们首先应该描绘出详细的路线。他们需要检查清楚路线，这样他们就不会迷路。第二要早点订旅馆，确保当你去目的地的时候还有空余的房间，如果不这样做，有时候会没有房间。第三要看看在你旅游期间的天气，确保和你旅游期间的相符。 Preparation before journey is of importance, it decides how much fun you will share, so don’t ignore it. 旅游前的准备很重要，这决定了你快乐的程度，因此不要忽略。
2022年风险管理外文参考文献有：《危机管理：超越威胁与机会》、《风险管理：理论与实践》、《企业风险管理：一流运行实践》、《可持续的风险管理：能力、挑战与机会》、《领导力与风险管理：企业价值的核心问题》。
去雅虎英语去搜，谢谢
参考文献 1.Dorfman.MarkS.当代风险管理与保险教程(M)，第7版，齐瑞宗译，北京：清华大学出版社，2002...
跟理论纠缠没意义，哥打酱油去