With the development of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and more important in our daily life.Advertisements give latest information about products. If there were no advertising, consumers could not know about goods in their local shops. Advertising helps sell to a bigger market. Therefore, as more goods are sold they are cheapper.Advertisements also provide money for newspapers, magazines, radios and TV stations, etc..But there are also some opinions against advertising.Some people think that advertisements do not give much information but only try to persuade you to buy. They create a demand for goods that are not really needed. Besides, advertising adds to the cost of goods. Further more, they are ugly to look at and spoil the enviroments.Actually, every coin has two sides. Advertising is without exception. But in today`s world, advertising is not only necessary but also helpful.
广告是我们所熟悉的话题。作者从正反两个方面论述了它的利与弊。表达清楚，转接词的运用使文章连贯，紧扣主题。[参考译文]广告随着物质生活的日益繁荣，广告在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。广告给我们带来关于产品的最新信息，如果没有广告，消费者对当地商店所卖的货物会一无所知。广告可以帮助扩大市场，结果货物卖得越多，价格也就越便宜。广告还可以为报纸，杂志，无线电台以及电视台提供资金。不过也有一些反对广告的意见。有些人认为广告不但不能提供多少信息，而只是一门心思劝你买东西。他们制造出一种人们对商品需求的氛围，而实际上并没有多少人真正需要这些商品。而且广告给商品增加了成本费。再说它们看起来也不美，并且破坏视觉环境。事实上，任何事情都有两个方面，广告也不例外。不过，在今天的世界里，广告不仅必不可少，而且还很有益处。
不知道这里生产商利用其商标WEAR-EVER一词多义的特点，大力推销其产品：一方面WEAR-EVER为其品牌名称，另一方面该词又另有含义：既为wear forever（体现产品结实耐用），又为wherever（说明到处受人欢迎）。该广告从多角度推销其产品，能够激起顾客的购买欲望，具有一定的劝说作用
个人感觉如果要是写英语的广告作文，可以先写个汉语的，找广告公司帮你翻译一下修改一下更完美
写英语作文的话，一般都是可以抄写那些阅读理解，然后再添加一些其他的单词就可以了，一定要注意标点符号哟。
英汉翻译的载体是 文化 ，并且英汉翻译还受到了文化因素的影响。在英汉翻译的论文中，题目占据了一半文的作用。为此我将为你推荐英汉翻译论文选题的内容，希望能够帮到你!英汉翻译论文选题(一) 1. 跨文化视角中的英汉 谚语 互译 2. 英译汉中名词的转译 3. 文学作品中的隐喻翻译 方法 4. 论正说反译、反说正译 5. 翻译选词如何避免 Chinglish 6. 如何正确使用直译和意译 7. 双面佳人——谈《喧哗与骚动》中凯萧的人物形象 8. 论英汉动物词的文化意象差异与翻译 9. 论非常规翻译的作用 10. 从文化差异中看商标翻译 11. 英汉语言的对比 12. 浅谈《宠儿》中母亲塞丝的形象 13. 《毛猿》中扬克的悲剧探微 14. 文学作品中汉语姓名的英译 15. 《远离尘嚣》对 典故 的运用 16. 英语新闻标题的翻译 17. 析《好人难寻》的主要人物 18. 《喧哗与骚动》的视角 19. 试析欧·亨利小说的写作风格 20. 商务合同中长句的翻译 21. 英译汉中词义的抽象化到具体化的转换 22. 论文化语境与翻译选词 23. 语言差异与翻译中的合理叛逆 24. 浅析《远大前程》主人公匹普的成熟过程 25. 论翻译中的中国英语 26. 翻译中的英汉文化差异 27. 劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗 英汉翻译论文选题(二) 1. 语法翻译法在中学英语教学中的应用 2. 中学英语语法课堂多媒体技术运用的优势 3. 汉语宣传资料英译探讨 4. 体现在中英习语中的文化差异 5. 英语学习 中对美国 俚语 的认识 6. 电影片名英汉互译的归化与异化及翻译的相关技巧 7. 浅析中国英语 8. 大卫·科波菲尔中的批判现实主义 9. ”信”与英语比喻翻译 10. 佩科拉的悲剧探源 11. 论凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德《园会》中的艺术特色 12. 中学 英语阅读 教学中的文化差异渗透 13. 口译中的笔记及实际运用中的障碍 14. 浅析委婉语及其语用功效 英汉翻译论文选题(三) 1. 汉译英中的文化差异——词汇空缺与中国特色文化翻译 2. Questioning and Teaching of Reading 3. 英汉动物比喻的文化内涵及差异 4. (动物比喻在英汉两种文化的内涵及差异) 5. 哈代——具有乡土田园气息的作家 6. 英语语言中的性别歧视(主义) 7. 浅析英语语篇中的词汇衔接 8. 浅谈景点名称的英译 9. 英汉禁忌语和委婉语对比研究 10. 广告 翻译中的修辞手法 11. 不同语境中的翻译 12. 直译与意译 13. 浅谈中国式英语的现象 14. 英汉翻译中文化特性的处理 15. 英汉谚语比较 16. 英文广告中双关语及其翻译 17. 商标翻译中的文化因素 18. 英美文化差异与颜色词的翻译 19. 论英语俚语的汉译 猜你喜欢： 1. 翻译英语专业毕业论文选题 2. 翻译学术论文题目 3. 英语专业文化类毕业论文题目 4. 英语跨文化论文选题 5. 英汉语言对比方面论文参考目录
广告的本质是传播，广告的灵魂是创意。 广告一词，据考证是一外来语。它首先源于拉丁文advertere，其意为注意,诱导,传播。中古英语时代（约公元1300—1475年），演变为Advertise，其含义衍化为“使某人注意到某件事”，或“通知别人某件事，以引起他人的注意”。直到17世纪末，英国开始进行大规模的商业活动。这时，广告一词便广泛地流行并被使用。此时的“广告”，已不单指一则广告，而指一系列的广告活动。静止的物的概念的名词Advertise，被赋予现代意义，转化成为“Advertising”。汉字的广告一词源于日本。 《韦伯斯特词典》对广告的定义是：广告是指在通过直接或间接的方式强化销售商品、传播某种主义或信息、召集参加各种聚会和集会等意图下开展的所有告之性活动的形式（韦伯斯特辞典1977年版）。 在现代，广告被认为是运用媒体而非口头形式传递的具有目的性信息的一种形式，它旨在唤起人们对商品的需求并对生产或销售这些商品的企业产生了解和好感，告之提供某种非营利目的的服务以及阐述某种意义和见解等（韦伯斯特辞典1988版）。 《简明大不列颠百科全书》（15版）对广告的定义是：广告是传播信息的一种方式，其目的在于推销商品、劳务服务、取得政治支持、推近一种事业或引起刊登广告者所希望的其他的反映。广告信息通过各种宣传工具，传递给它所想要吸引的观众或听众。广告不同于其他传递信息的形式，它必须由登广告者付给传播的媒介以一定的报酬。 社会学家、评论家艾君在1994年由现代出版社出版的《当代生意经》对于广告概念问题这样阐述，读完一些广告定义，不难发现有的还可以说是个较为完整的定义，有的则只是对广告的简单地判断。更值得商榷的是有的定义还没有解释清楚广告是怎么回事，解释中又重复出现了“广告”之词。或将广告当成修饰词语出现，如广告语，广告客户、广告者、广告信息……这好比张三问李四：“什么叫艺术？”李四答：“由艺术家创作或表演的作品……”。人们便会问：没有讲明艺术的定义，不知道什么叫艺术，怎么会出现艺术家？ 艾君认为，在弄清广告定义之前，首先要看看生活中的广告活动是怎样运转的。他解读为，组织或个体（广告主）为了目的（树立形象、推销产品、求购、声明、招生、求职等）依靠（付出费用）确定媒体，按规定时间、要求，真实地传播信息的活动。 从广告运转的规律、程序，艾君为广告下这样一个定义： 广告，即确定的组织或个人为了一定的目的，依靠付出费用，在规定的时间内，按照要求，由指定的媒体，将真实信息传播出去的一种交流活动。他认为，这个定义从实践中来，必然能反映广告的本质属性，也能够解释通除商业广告之外的一些广告现象。如“征婚启事”、“政府通告”、“聚会通知”等一些与经济无关的公益广告。 在中国，商业广告还没有到达颠峰，已存在着极大的泡沫成分和非理性行为；随着消费者的成熟、行业的规范，企业也会走向理性，自然会回落，启用普通模特将成为主流；同时，广告将异军突起并逐渐走向成熟，避免不了挑战。企业启用形象代言人，可能有各种目的，尤其当“子弦效应”和炒作之风盛行的年代。笔者在对形象代言人按照“准确营销”的观点进行理论总结，发现了现代市场形象代言人基本特性，用广告方式传达品牌独特、鲜明的个性主张，使产品得以与目标消费群建立某种联系，顺利进入消费者的生活和视野，达到与之心灵的深层沟通，并在其心中树立某种印象和地位，使品牌变成一个有意义的带有附加价值的符码。他通过一定的媒介或载体传播诉诸目标受众，从而在品牌如云的市场中树立和打造个性化的品牌形象。他或者通过品牌创立人独具人格魅力的形象代言，给目标受众以鲜明的品牌个性和信心；或者通过影视明星、社会名人极具亲和力的广告代言，令品牌产品迅速对目标消费群的购买施加影响；或者通过虚构人物演绎品牌叙事，传达品牌理念与价值取向，赢得目标受众的认同；或者通过漫画式卡通动物的形象代言，塑造活泼可爱、耳目一新的品牌形象，让人在相视一笑中对品牌产生美好的联想和印象。他的形象代言并不完全等于企业的形象，所以，他的走红并不意味着产品就能够走红。企业的监督与他们的配合就显得相当重要。而他们也应有自我约束的责任意识，真正融入这个企业文化，真正用心去演绎产品宣传理念，才会凸现广而告之的意思。英文The advertisement nature is propagation , the advertisement soul is an innovative idea. That word , evidence once research textually advertisement is one word of foreign origin. It originates from Latin advertere first , it's intention is guidance , propagation pay attention to. Middle English times (makes an appointment with A.D. 1300 develops into Advertise in 1475), that it's import spreads out Hua Wei "makes a certain person pay attention to arriving at some matter " , "informs others of or some matter, to arouse others's paying attention to ". Until 17 ends of the century , United Kingdom begin to carry out large-scale commerce use personal influence. At this time, advertisement one word convenience is popular for and is put into use broadly. But "advertisement" now , already not only finger one items of advertisement, point to the advertisement activity a train of. Conceptual motionless thing noun Advertise , quilt give modern significance to , conversion becomes "Advertising". The word once originates from the Chinese character advertisement Japan. "Webster is lexicographic ", checking the advertisement definition is: Advertisement is that the finger is growing doctrine or information by the fact that direct or indirect way strengthening the marketing commodity , spreading some , open-minded possessions tells that sex flexible form (Webster under the intention calling together for participating in various party and rally etc. Thesaurus 1977 printing plate). One kind of form being regarded as the information wielding a medium but being not that the verbal form is hereditary having teleonomy in modern times , advertisement, it aims at calling up people producing the acquaintance and favorable impression to the commodity need and to the enterprise producing or selling these commodities's , some grow (Webster dictionaries such as significance and view as well as expounding the service suing that provides some nonprofit species purpose 1988 printing plate). That "concise Great Britain encyclopaedias " (15 printing plate) check the advertisement definition is: Advertisement is to spread one kind of way of information , with a view to, whose promotes sales of commodity , labour service service , gets politics support , pushes close one kind of cause or arouses to advertise be what person hopes other report. Advertisement information passes the various instrument of propaganda , transfers to audience or audience wanted to attract by it. Advertisement is unlike the form transferring information other , it must be paid to the intermediary spreading with certain reward by advertiser. The sociologist , critic Ai your "the present age business expertise " being come out by modern press in 1994 expound like this to advertisement concept problem , finish reading some advertisement definition , no difficult to find that some so to speak be comparatively entire definition, some simple however pair of advertisement field judges. Being worth deliberating more is that some definition does not make an explanation understand advertisement what's all this about, word of making an explanation middle repetition has appeared "advertisement". Or advertisement should become polishing terms appearing, if advertisement speaks, advertising client , advertisement person , advertisement information, ... This is just like three ask about Li four: "What calls art "? Four reply Li: Work "creating or performing by artist, ,'' . People just is able to ask about: Without the definition explaining art, do not know what calls art, why artist appears on meeting? The Ai monarch thinks, before making advertisement definition clear , that the primo asks advertisement in taking a look at life to use personal influence is how to move round. (, the demand setting up an image , promoting the sale of products for purpose buy the he is understood and explained in order, organizing or particular (advertisement host) , the declaration, enrolls new students , job wanted waits for support (pay cost) to ascertain a medium) , pushes down set time , the request, activity spreading information's truly. From advertisement travel law , procedure,the Ai monarch defines in order advertisement goes down such one: Advertisement, be that organization or individual ascertaining that pays cost for certain purpose , support, medium being appointed as within the fixed time, according to the request , the reason, that true information propagation goes out one kind exchange is exercised. He thinks that this comes in secondary practice of definition, can reflect the advertisement nature attribute inevitably , also is able to make an explanation exchange some advertisement phenomenon except commercial advertisement. If "the lonely-hearts ad " ", government public notice ", "get together inform equal few of " the public good advertisement having nothing to do with economy. Before China , commercial advertisement return back to a peak not getting to jolt, already existence is burning the immense foam constitutive and is not reason behavior; With consumer's maturity , the industry norm, enterprise also meeting trend reason , natural meeting make fall after rise , start using the average model will become main current; At the same time, advertisement will appear all of a sudden and the trend is gradually mature, avoid challenge without end. Enterprise starts using the image spokesman , possibility has various purpose, age thinking that "subchord wind of effect " and speculation is in vogue especially. The author has been in the summary carrying out theory on the viewpoint that the image spokesman "sells according to accurate camp" , has discovered the modern marketplace image spokesman basic characteristic property, unique , distinct individuality advocates through advertisement way janitor brand, make a product manage to build some species connection with target consumption group , enter consumer's life and ken smoothly , reach with that intelligent deep communicate with, in and the person sets up some species impression and position at heart, using a brand becomes a meaningful with additional value magic figure code. He accepts the masses by the fact that the certain intermediary or carrier propagation appeals to a target , thereby, sets up and makes the brand image individuation in the brand if the marketplace saying is middle. His image having personality charm alone possibly by the fact that the brand founds person replaces a word, distinct brand individuality and confidence are used by the masses by target; The affinity advertisement replaces a word or by the fact that the movie and TV star , the society celebrity pole have , the purchase making brand product prompt to target consumption group exerts one's influence on sb; Or narrate by the fact that the fiction personage deduces a brand, idea and value take the janitor brand face, win a target accept numerous acception; Or by the fact that image of dyadic cartoon cartoon animal replaces a word, mold lively the brand image lovable , finding everything fresh and new, lets person produce fine association and impression in looking at one each other laughing at to the brand. His image is equal to enterprise image , reason why not completely on behalf of a word , his walking makes red being going to being able to be in favour not implying a product. The enterprise supervision and their composition appear pretty important right away. They also should have but the self-control responsibility mental consciousness , melt really to enter this corporate culture, real intention goes to deduce a product propagating idea, only meaning that can bulge cash publicizing
提供一些英语专业翻译方向的论文题目，供参考。商务合同英汉互译技巧英文品牌汉译知识对于翻译的重要性中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏跨文化交际与商标翻译中式菜肴的命名与翻译浅谈英语电影片名的翻译英文电影片名的翻译策略英文化妆品广告之美学翻译数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究论语境在英汉翻译中的作用浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则中英服饰广告的翻译论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性论译者的风格与译风经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
翻译学论文开题报告
开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。
1、选题意义和背景
The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.
Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.
Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.
Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.
Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.
2、论文综述/研究基础
1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.
Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.
Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.
In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.
Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.
Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.
This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.
2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.
Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.
As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.
In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.
Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。
Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.
可写 Introduction 或 Background 介绍写论文的目的 或 研究的目标
题目定了么，格式给我。
英语翻译论文直接找北京译顶科技就行了啊，省时省力，对接也方便。
可写 Introduction 或 Background 介绍写论文的目的 或 研究的目标
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
题目定了么，格式给我。
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified 1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit 1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death 2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate 2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful 2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky 1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms 2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor 2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity 2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. 2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble 1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative 2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. Nov.16th - Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. Nov.23rd - Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering 3. Dec.21st - Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. Jan.11th - Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review 5. Feb.9th - Mar.14th, 2009 First draft 6. Mar.15th - Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft 7. Apr.11th - Apr.20th, 2009 Final version 8. Apr.27th - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日
英语广告中双关语的运用技巧及翻译摘 要：双关语是英语广告中一种较为常见的修辞手段。双关语的翻译本身就是一个难点，而广告中双关语的翻译则更加复杂。本文从语音双关、语义双关、语法双关和成语、俗语双关等几方面对双关语的运用技巧作了阐述。并在考虑双关语的双重含义及广告语体风格的基础上，从契合译法、分别表义法、套译法、侧重译法和补偿译法等方面对英语广告双关语的翻译作了初步的探讨。 关键词：广告语言；双关语；翻译 Punning and the Translation of Puns in English Advertisements MENG Lin & ZHAN Jing-hui (Foreign Languages Dept., Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China) Abstract: Punning is one of the most common rhetorical devices used in advertisement. This paper is about the techniques of punning and the translation of puns in English advertisements. There are various ways to form puns in advertisements. The translation of puns is difficult because of the double meanings, and the translation of puns in advertisements is even more difficult because one must keep both the double meanings of a pun and the style of the advertisement in mind. Key words: advertising language; pun; translation 1. 双关语在广告中的运用 作为一种修辞手段，双关语在广告中比较常用，它存在于语音、词汇、句法等各个语言层面。在广告中，广告制作者为了增加广告的吸引力，挖空心思地追求新的创意，使得双关语在广告中的运用技巧更加纷繁复杂。巧妙的双关能使语言含蓄、幽默、生动、给人以回味和想象的余地。较为常见的有以下几个方面。 1.1. 谐音双关 “谐音双关是用拼写相似，发音相同或相近的词构成的” 1 。广告制作者非常乐于使用谐音双关，因为此类双关具有风趣、幽默、俏皮、滑稽的语言风格，能增强广告的说服力和感染力，从而给消费者留下深刻的印象。 (1) More sun and air for your son and heir. 2 译文：这里有充足的阳光，清新的空气，一切为了您的子孙后代。 在这则海滨浴场的宣传广告中，制作者巧妙地运用了sun-son, air-heir这两对谐音字，使广告语言不仅和谐悦耳，读来朗朗上口，而且颇风趣、幽默，具有感召力。 (2)Trust us. Over 5000 ears of experience. 3 译文：相信我们吧。历经5000多只耳朵的检验，有着5000多年的经验。 这是一则助听器推销广告。从字面看，它说明了该产品已经接受了众多消费者的考验，但字里行间巧妙地嵌入一对谐音字ears-years，充分暗示了该产品悠久的历史，久经考验的上乘质量。 许多广告都在商品品牌的名称上做文章。品牌名称中的双关语不仅能增加广告的趣味性和幽默感，更重要的是使品牌名称更能吸引人们的注意力，便于记忆，增加宣传攻势力度，以此达到宣传产品的目的。品牌名称中的双关语大多采用谐音的方法。 (3) WEAR-EVER introduces a new concept in glass oven ware: CLEANABILITY. 4 译文：“恒久”玻璃炉具带给你一个全新的概念：洁净。 这里生产商利用其商标WEAR-EVER一词多义的特点，大力推销其产品：一方面WEAR-EVER为其品牌名称，另一方面该词又另有含义：既为wear forever（体现产品结实耐用），又为wherever（说明到处受人欢迎）。该广告从多角度推销其产品，能够激起顾客的购买欲望，具有一定的劝说作用。
对英文广告中的典故翻译，方法应不拘一格，灵活多样。 参考文献: [1]李靖舒:英语广告翻译中的跨文化、跨语言因素[J].沈阳师范大学学报，第17卷第5期，2005年10月 [2]王莉莉:言语美策略在英文广告语中的运用[J].聊城大学学报(社会科...
我国的教育硕士专业学位教育已取得较大进展,但在教育层次结构上已经不能满足现实需要和社会的要求.高等教育管理和高等学校管理是专业性很强的工作,国外大多数大学都通过设置教育博士专业学位来培养高级大学管理人才.我国迫切需要设置教育博士专业学位,开展大学校长和高层次学校管理人员的教育与培训.设置教育博士专业学位必须对专业学位的性质有正确认识,必须转变质量观,实现专业博士学位培养规格和质量标准的准确定位.在目前我国完整的职业高等教育层次结构还没有建立起来的情况下,可先依托现有高等教育学博士学位点进行试点.实行开放办点、开放型师资,吸收社会各方力量来保证教育博士专业学位教育的质量.可以了吗？
[1]刘博. 语境顺应理论下广告英语岐义现象分析[D]. 浙江工商大学: ,2011.[2]张萍. 广告英语语用模糊的动态顺应研究[D]. 济南大学: ,2010.[3]周静. 对化妆品广告英语的批评话语分析[D]. 安徽大学: ,2010.[4]吴小梅. 从关联理论视角下研究广告英语及其翻译[D]. 上海外国语大学: ,2008.[5]李勋. 广告英语的语义研究[D]. 中南民族大学: ,2008.[6]曾丽芬. 语用指示在广告英语中的运用[D]. 厦门大学: ,2008.[7]杜合营. 从关联理论角度阐释广告英语翻译[D]. 中国海洋大学: ,2009.[8]梁良. 论广告英语中语用预设的功能[D]. 中国石油大学: ,2007.[9]刘玉峰. 广告英语中模糊限制语研究[D]. 河北师范大学: ,2007.[10]蒲婧新. 商品广告英语翻译功能对等下的文化思考[D]. 上海海事大学: ,2007.[11]甄桂春. 广告英语的语用分析[D]. 上海外国语大学: ,2005.[12]刘宝才. 广告英语的语言特点及翻译[D]. 上海外国语大学: ,2005.[13]张蔚. 广告英语语言的说服性研究[D]. 华东师范大学: ,2006.[14]崔雁. 广告英语的特点及其翻译探索[D]. 东南大学: ,2006.[15]徐小燕. 前景化—广告英语的语言艺术[D]. 重庆师范大学: ,2007.[16]吕英莉. 论网络广告英语的词汇特征[D]. 北京林业大学: ,2007.[17]杨荟. 广告英语中模糊限制语研究[D]. 北京交通大学: ,2007.[18]沈颖. 广告英语语篇中的意义建构与概念合成[D]. 南京师范大学: ,2007.[19]郑楚霞. 广告英语汉译中的审美[D]. 上海海事大学: ,2005.[20]郝秀辉. 双关语在广告英语中的语用分析[D]. 大连海事大学: ,2006.[21]王孝堂. 认知一致性在广告英语中的实现[D]. 对外经济贸易大学: ,2006.[22]王芹. 广告英语的言语行为研究[D]. 湖南师范大学: ,2005.[23]武丹. 广告英语的主位与主位推进之研究[D]. 东北师范大学: ,2006.[24]蒲松龄. 涵义对广告英语影响的语用学研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学: ,2006.[25]孙楠. 广告英语语言说服策略研究[D]. 哈尔滨工程大学: ,2005.[26]王晓红. 论修辞手段在广告英语中的应用[D]. 太原理工大学: ,2006.[27]张春艳. 广告英语中的模糊表达及其潜在欺性[D]. 山东大学: ,2006.[28]刘婷婷. 广告英语中的人际意义研究[D]. 苏州大学: ,2004.[29]李静. 基于AIDA模型的广告英语的语言特点[D]. 华中科技大学: ,2004.[30]杜龙鼎. 广告英语之语篇功能分析及其在英汉广告翻译中的应用[D]. 贵州师范大学: ,2005.这方面的资料很多,你自己先检索,把要的题名和作者发上来,我再下给你