[1]李英安. 东西方导演眼中的哈姆雷特[D]. 上海戏剧学院: 上海戏剧学院,2010. [2]袁仑. 《哈姆雷特》中的延宕[D]. 复旦大学: 复旦大学,2010. [3]阿胜 编译. “哈姆雷特”上演新版复仇记[N]. 医药经济报,2004-07-16(A06). [4]邱食存. 不朽的哈姆雷特——从雷奥提斯与哈姆雷特之异论起[J]. 陇东学院学报(社会科学版),2006,(3). [5]邵雪萍. 《丹麦王子哈姆雷特的悲剧》与后现代的相遇——《哈姆雷特谋杀案》为解读莎剧开辟新思路[J]. 戏剧文学,2011,(3). [6]黄金京. 《哈姆雷特》与圣经原型——《哈姆雷特》在艺术形式上对圣经原型的借鉴[J]. 怀化学院学报,2011,(3). [7]孙艳娜. “人人都是哈姆雷特”——论林兆华对《哈姆雷特》的主题再创[J]. 四川戏剧,2010,(1). [8]高睿. 《哈姆雷特》中的“死亡”推动——谈《哈姆雷特》中的故事情节设计[J]. 语文学刊(外语教育与教学),2010,(3). [9]夏倩. 永远的哈姆雷特——哈姆雷特性格之我见[J]. 时代文学(上),2010,(3). [10]周佳彬. 《哈姆雷特》之独白赏析——哈姆雷特复仇之路上的痛苦与挣扎[J]. 中国科技信息,2010,(17). [11]陈玉虹,刘洪泉. 哈姆雷特的性格悲剧——莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》[J]. 太原城市职业技术学院学报,2009,(1). [12]郭晨子. 360°的哈姆雷特 评以色列卡梅尔剧团《哈姆雷特》[J]. 上海戏剧,2009,(5). [13]杨淑敏. 一个无鸾和一千个哈姆雷特——从《夜宴》和《哈姆雷特》看电影与戏剧文学的形象塑造[J]. 电影评介,2006,(23). [14]郭晨子. 陌生了的哈姆雷特 多声部的《哈姆雷特1990》[J]. 上海戏剧,2008,(12). [15]黄立丰. 给《哈姆雷特》批评史加上一个女性主义的补遗——女性表演、批评与再创作《哈姆雷特》的历史[J]. 内蒙古电大学刊,2008,(5). [16]罗文敏. 综观哈姆雷特性格延宕批评之得失——兼论哈姆雷特延宕之因[J]. 兰州交通大学学报,2004,(2). [17]顾胜. 行动与迟疑:一个哈姆雷特式的悖论——《哈姆雷特》“To be or not to be”独白段细读[J]. 常熟高专学报,2004,(5). [18]张全辉. 走向十字架的哈姆雷特——分析第一千零一个哈姆雷特形象[J]. 曲靖师范学院学报,2004,(5). [19]庞凤琴. 哈姆雷特新论——从哈姆雷特的独白说起[J]. 文科教学,1995,(2). [20]荣国. 再谈哈姆雷特──哈姆雷特悲剧原因的分析[J]. 淄博师专学报,1995,(3). [21]续枫林. “一千零一个哈姆雷特”——从悲剧《哈姆雷特》变喜剧想到的[J]. 新疆社科论坛,1995,(3). [22]W.J.罗尔弗 ,王维昌. 关于哈姆雷特和《哈姆雷特》一剧的问题[J]. 安徽师大学报(哲学社会科学版),1981,(2). [23]刘戈. 《哈姆雷特》一部完整的欧洲史——谈《哈姆雷特》的人物象征[J]. 怀化师专学报(哲学社会科学版),1987,(1). [24]李小蓓. 对真理的求索——试析哈姆雷特与哈姆雷特世界的悲剧冲突[D]. 苏州大学: 苏州大学,2001. [25]中国社会科学院 刘志明. 与有关马克思主义的两种看法商榷[N]. 社会科学报,2005-02-24(004). [26]王文渊. 哈姆雷特,被“80后”解构 话剧《哈姆雷人》[J]. 上海戏剧,2010,(4). [27]何湘君. 从《哈姆雷特》看《少年维特之烦恼》——试解析维特之死[J]. 宁波教育学院学报,2006,(6). [28]马庆霞. 哈姆雷特与J.阿尔弗雷德.普鲁弗洛克比较之初探[J]. 聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(2). [29]刘红英,于治领. 《哈姆雷特》中素体诗的语言功能[J]. 求实,2011,(S1). [30]王小琳,郝春静. 解读哈姆雷特的悲剧人生[J]. 商业文化(下半月),2011,(6). [31]丁伟. 哈姆雷特延宕的性格因素分析[J]. 新乡学院学报(社会科学版),2011,(3). [32]崔化. 跨越时空的精神对接——哈姆雷特与昆丁的个体悲剧结构比较[J]. 中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,(2). [33]欧阳文明. 《哈姆雷特》中奥菲莉娅的悲剧分析[J]. 成功(教育),2011,(7). [34]程瑜瑜. 阳光下的哈姆雷特——后现代主义观照下的《狮子王》[J]. 文艺评论,2011,(7). [35]于珊. 从哈姆雷特与伍子胥的复仇看中西伦理的不同[J]. 大众文艺,2011,(12). [36]常宇星. 从《哈姆雷特》看莎士比亚的人文主义精神[J]. 剑南文学(经典教苑),2011,(2). [37]刘翼斌. 《哈姆雷特》主题之辨[J]. 贵州社会科学,2011,(7). [38]曹艳云. 哈姆雷特的“延宕”与其王权意识[J]. 高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2010,(10). [39]曹艳春. 越轨的王子——社会学“越轨”视角下的哈姆雷特[J]. 戏剧文学,2010,(12). [40]王荣. 透过马克思看《哈姆雷特》——我眼中的马克思主义文艺理论[J]. 中国科技信息,2010,(23). [41]白塔娜. 析哈姆雷特延宕复仇的原因(英文)[J]. 语文学刊(外语教育与教学),2010,(10). [42]张世锋. 浅谈common在《哈姆雷特》中的反讽效果[J]. 现代交际,2010,(11). [43]宣晓晏. 毒入灵魂——哈姆雷特延宕性格解析[J]. 浙江万里学院学报,2010,(6). [44]李梦馨. 作为“经典中心”的中心——论《哈姆雷特》[J]. 南方文坛,2011,(1). [45]孙建光. 本我回归——哈姆雷特向死而生的心路历程[J]. 西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2010,(6). [46]张卫东. 从精神分析学看哈姆雷特的延宕[J]. 今日南国(中旬刊),2010,(12). [47]苗琳娜. 《哈姆雷特》双关语的汉译对比[J]. 天津市经理学院学报,2010,(6). [48]齐佩. 从拉康理论看《哈姆雷特》悲剧[J]. 中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊),2011,(1). [49]王建华. 哈姆雷特形象的现代阐释[J]. 时代文学(上),2010,(6). [50]谢晓科. 背离与统一——堂吉诃德和哈姆雷特比较[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报,2011,(1).
这篇是本书的主要人物介绍，我看了有性格描写的部分，你参考一下吧。D Doctor Benedict CopelandDoctor Copeland is a black man raised in the South but educated in the North, so he sees the disgrace of the racism in the town better than anyone. He is respected by his patients, many of whom have named their children after him, but he has little respect for them. He feels that most of the people in town, his own children included, are allowing themselves to be taken advantage of, and he frowns upon gestures, even those made in friendship, that make his race look lazy or weak. The doctor has trouble relating with people. When his daughter tells him that the way he talks to people hurts their feelings, he says, “I am not interested in subterfuges. I am only interested in the truth.” At a family reunion he sits by himself, sulking and grumbling and embarrassed that his father-in-law describes God’s face as “a large white man’s face with a white beard and blue eyes.” Doctor Copeland feels more involved with books than with people. He reads Spinoza and Thorstein Veblen and Karl Marx, whom he named one of his sons after (the son goes by the name “Buddy,” just as the son he calls William goes by “Willie”). When Willie is tortured in jail and his feet have to be amputated, Dr. Copeland goes to see a judge he knows, but he is stopped in the hall of the courthouse by a deputy sheriff who insults him, accuses him of being drunk, beats him and arrests him, throwing him in a cell with the very lower-class blacks that he has spent his lifetime avoiding. Upon his release and after a long night of drinking and talking with Jake Blount, Dr. Copeland and Jake start planning ways to make people aware of society’s injustices. Dr. Copeland is impatient with Jake’s plan, which would take a long time, and demands that violent meetings in the street are in order. The two argue, and their discussion about promoting racial harmony dissolves into racial insults. In the end, Dr. Copeland, too sick with tuberculosis to care for himself, is taken off to his father-in-law’s farm, riding in a wagon piled high with his possessions (his other option was to ride on his son’s lap), feeling that his mission is uncompleted and still hungry for justice.C Biff BrannonBrannon is the calmest and most content character in the novel, although not in the beginning. At the start of the novel, Brannon works hard to run the New York Cafe and keep it open day and night. He does not appear to have a very good relationship with his wife of twenty-one years, Alice. They are seldom together because she sleeps while he works and he sleeps while she works, and when they are together they argue about how he treats the customers; she feels that he gives too much food and liquor away to strange people like Blount. “I like freaks,” he explains. “I just reckon you certainly ought to, Mister Brannon,” she replies, “being as you’re one yourself.” Later, thinking about that conversation, Biff thinks about his “special friendly feeling for sick people and cripples,” and accepts it with neither pride nor disdain. As the novel develops, it becomes evident that Biff himself is androgynous, that he feels that he is part male and part female, which explains his disinterest in sleeping with Alice. He is a big, brutish man who wears his mother’s wedding ring on his smallest finger, wears perfume, and arranges decorative baskets “with an eye for color and design.” When his sister comes by with her daughter, she tells Biff, “Bartholomew, you’d make a mighty good mother,” and he thanks her for the compliment. Locked in his cellar, Biff thinks about how nice it would be to adopt two children, a boy and a girl, but he does not dream of raising them with anyone else. Elsewhere in the book Biff reflects on “the part of him that sometimes wished he was a mother and that Mick and Baby were his kids.” Writing to his friend, Singer expresses the opinion that Biff “is not like the others…. He watches. The others all have something they hate. And they all have something they love more than eating or sleeping or friendly company.” Critics have suggested that it is Brannon, not Singer, who is the religious center of this novel because he lives by principles of love and acceptance. Like the rest, he is upset by Singer’s death, and the novel ends with him sitting in the New York Cafe, keeping his mind occupied with crossword puzzles and flower arrangements, waiting for customers.K John SingerSinger is not the central character in the novel, although he is the central figure in the lives of the other characters. Being deaf and mute, he is forced to watch people carefully when they talk, and that concentration, combined with the fact that they can talk freely with him without fear of being interrupted, gives them the impression that he really understands them and cares about them. In fact, the only person Singer really cares about is the Greek Antonapoulos, another deaf-mute who lived with Singer for ten years and never showed any sign of understanding him any more that Singer understands Mick, Dr. Copeland, Blount, or Brannon when they talk about their lives. Singer spends his life’s savings to cover up for the petty thievery and destruction that Antonapoulos causes, and when his friend is sent away to a mental institution he is so lonely that he moves into the Kelly boarding house, because “he could no longer stand the rooms where Antonapoulos had lived.” None of his friends in town know about Antonapoulos, and when Singer takes his vacation time to visit him at the asylum, the others are anxious for his return. Singer’s reaction to this attention is conveyed in a letter that he sends to the Greek in which he discusses them all. “They are all very busy people,” he explains. “I do not mean that they work at their jobs all day and night but that they have much business in their minds that does not let them rest.” The letter goes on to explain that he does not enjoy their company, as each of them thinks, but that he has feelings ranging from slight approval of Mick (“She likes music. I wish I knew what it is she hears.”) to disgust with Blount (“The one with the moustache I think is crazy.”) At the end of the letter about their obsessions he, without irony, goes into his own obsession, stating exactly how many days it has been since he and Antonapoulos were together: “All of that time I have been alone without you. The only thing I can imagine is when I will be with you again.” When Singer goes to visit his friend and finds out that he has died, he wanders around in a stupor for half a day, then takes a pistol from the jewelry shop he works at and commits suicide.H Mick KellyMick is the character who is most like the author, growing up in a Southern town during the course of the novel. When she is first introduced, in the long chapter that brings all of the characters into the cafe, she is a “gangling, towheaded youngster, a girl of about twelve … dressed in khaki shorts and, a blue shirt, and tennis shoes-so that at first glance she was like a very young boy.” “I’d rather be a boy any day,” she tells her older sister who criticizes her clothes. In contrast to this childish image is the fact that Mick has come to the cafe to purchase cigarettes. During the summer days, Mick is responsible for her younger brothers, Bubber and Ralph, and is constantly with them. Ralph is so young that he should be wheeled through town in a carriage or a stroller, but since the Kelly family is poor, they can afford neither, so Mick ties him down in an old wagon so that he won’t fall out. Mick is fascinated with music, stopping when she hears a radio playing in a room in the boarding house or while passing someone’s home, so interested that she knows exactly which yard to go to to hear music in a time of emotional distress. Early in the novel, Mick is trying to make her own violin with a broken, plastered ukulele body, a violin bridge, and strings from a violin, a guitar and a banjo; when her older brother Bill, whom she looks up to, tells her that it will not work she gives up in frustration. Although Mick does not have a wide circle of friends, due largely to her family responsibilities, she is also not a social outcast: when she throws a party for her new classmates at the technical school, wearing a dress and makeup for the first time to assert her sophistication, it is a reasonable success. She ends up disappointed, because the dirty, scruffy neighborhood kids whom she is trying to leave in her past come to the party and mingle with her new friends. Like the other major characters in the book, Mick goes to Singer’s room to talk out her problems-he has a radio in his room, although he cannot hear it, and she listens to it when she visits. At the end, she has to give up her dream of studying for a career in music to take a job at Woolworth’s. After Singer’s death, she realizes that this job is not temporary, that it marks a change in her personality: “But now no music was in her mind. It was like she was shut out from the inside room…. It was like she was too tense. Or maybe because it was like the store took all her energy and time.” She tries to convince herself that she will return to music, but ends up repeating it and repeating it unconvincingly.
梅格是马奇家的长女，承担起帮助母亲照顾家庭的责任;乔经过努力最终当上了作家，她是小说中最典型的女权主义代表，摒弃了女性身上应有的一些特质，其行为与个人偏好与传统意义上对妇女的诠释背道而驰;贝思拥有美好的音乐梦想;埃米梦想当上世界出色的艺术家，婚后并没有像传统妇女那样把家庭当作自己的一切，而是继续追求自己的艺术梦想。[1]这充分体现了奥尔科特笔下四姐妹寻求自立自强的独立的女权主义思想。
马奇家的四姐妹真善美兼而有之，她们具有善良、勤奋、无私、宽容、坚强等优秀品质，这与马奇太太的出色教育方法密不可分。作为家长和孩子的启蒙老师，马奇太太无疑是一位非常称职的老师。她慷慨大方，乐于助人，不轻易发怒，对生活充满感激。
《小妇人》中的四姐妹关系亲密而友好，但作者奥尔科特却有意识地将她们分成两类。文章写道:“梅格是艾米的知己和导师，而由于性格迥异的乔也成为了贝思的知己和导师。这个害羞的女孩的心只告诉了乔;与此同时，她对乔的影响比家里的其他人都要大。两姐妹经常在一起，但各自管理一个妹妹。”在这里，奥尔科特通过将四姐妹分成两组，暗示了她们不同的性格与当时社会的关系。
马奇家的四姐妹真善美兼而有之，她们具有善良、勤奋、无私、宽容、坚强等优秀品质，这与马奇太太的出色教育方法密不可分。作为家长和孩子的启蒙老师，马奇太太无疑是一位非常称职的老师。她慷慨大方，乐于助人，不轻易发怒，对生活充满感激。在孩子们的眼里，她不仅是一个好妈妈，也是他们的知心朋友。女儿们喜欢向马奇太太倾诉自己的烦恼和烦恼，给她们很好的建议和帮助。正是因为马奇太太独特的家庭教育，四姐妹成为了受人喜爱的小女人，其中所展现的女性形象触动了无数女性读者的心弦。
虽然乔和贝思的性格完全相反，一个脾气暴躁凶猛，一个温柔如水，但他们在与社会的协调上有很多共同点。乔热衷于独立，雄心勃勃，孩子气，不符合社会上淑女的形象。虽然她试图改变自己，听从艾米的建议做一个稳重的年轻女士，但她的天性阻止了她的改变。她独特的性格和对事业的追求注定了她不为当时的主流社会所接受。贝思也不被人接受，她温顺害羞。她因为不能适应学校生活而辍学了。在家里，她是一个善良的小女孩，工作努力，无私奉献，从不要求任何回报。她似乎是为别人而存在的。书中的贝思像天使一样纯洁圣洁，全然不顾现实社会，书中暗示她们都不符合19世纪美国社会对传统女性的定义。
相比之下，美丽大方、聪明伶俐的梅格和艾米都是上流社会的宠儿。梅格向往贵妇的富裕生活，她的目标是做一个贤妻良母，另一方面，艾米有点娇弱，她非常重视上流社会的礼仪和自己的外表。她梦想长大后进入上流社会。虽然梅格有上流社会的虚荣，但她最终还是选择了嫁给一个贫穷但诚实的男人，艾米也放弃了她的生活理想，这两个人更容易被世俗社会所接受和接纳。这无疑是作者对读者的暗示，将两者划分为一个群体。
《小妇人》是我非常喜欢的名著之一。从前看过一次，这次又拿来细看。在深夜两点，看四个女孩与她们的男孩，是如何一步步的成长，流年似水，作者将她们的生活娓娓道来，每一个细节，每一个场景都那么逼真，让我竟然有些恍惚，分不清那慢慢长大的究竟是她们还是我自己。关于《小妇人》，历来被读者讨论最多的，是乔与劳里的感情。乔为什么要拒绝劳里的爱？劳里为什么那么快就忘记乔，接受艾美？乔是真的喜欢教授吗？还是她只是觉得孤独寂寞了？这些问题，我与每一个看过书的人一样，都不能释怀。我如此喜爱乔。她是我们每一个人理想主义的化身。她纯真，坦率，善良，坚强，有冲劲，热爱自由，才华横溢。她不像梅那般虚荣，也不像贝思那般怯懦，更不像艾美一般自私。也许她有些急躁，有些不通世故，有些尖锐，但这正是她不造作，真实可爱的表现。这么好的一个女孩，却得不到常人所理解的幸福。甚至她自己有时也会伤心的感叹，自己的东西都被艾美拿走了：出国的机会，甚至劳里。按照一般的看法，艾美的确是四个女孩中最幸福也最幸运的女孩子。她美丽优雅，圆滑聪明，懂得保护自己，而不是一味的付出，总是知道自己要什么，并为之努力。她的性格与人生态度，其实更适合社会的标准，特别符合现代社会女性的标准。所以，她能得到婶婶的邀请，能得到劳里的爱，能得到财富与幸福，也就不足而奇了。如果说乔是理想主义的极致，那么艾美就可以看作是现实主义的化身了。我也会问问自己，如果可以，我会选择成为她们之间的哪一个？我欣赏乔，喜爱乔，我想成为她那样的人，可是，我是否可以忍受她忍受过的孤独和清苦，我是否又足够幸运，会有一个巴尔教授在适当的时候出现在面前。这些问题，我没有答案。所以，我像大多数人一样，在乔与艾美之间摇摆不定。如果你是男生，你会选择的，是乔还是艾美？在劳里与艾美结婚之后，乔看着这一对人想着：他们俩在一起看着多么般配啊！我是对的，劳里找到了美丽、出色的女孩，她比笨拙苍老的乔更适合他的家庭，她会成为他的骄傲，而不会折磨他。这句话听上去多么心酸，而比这句话更心酸的是，它说明了一个事实：大多数男孩都会选择艾美，而不是乔！劳里为什么如此之快的就能从失恋的打击中走出来，又重新选择艾美。甚至他对乔说，他终于明白，乔只是妹妹，而艾美才是他爱的人。就因为他说过这么一句话，哪怕我曾经多么喜爱他，多么希望他与乔在一起，我也知道，他再也不会是乔的小男孩，也再也赢得不了我的喜爱了。年轻时候的爱情，竟然如此动荡不安。如此经不起考验。我可怜的乔啊，当亲爱的贝思离她而去，当小男孩劳里也离她而去，谁才能懂得她那颗钻石一般的心灵？除了巴尔教授，还有谁来解救她呢？可是，当时，乔为什么要拒绝劳里呢？一是她把全部的生活重心都放在了家庭上，放在了得病的妹妹上，无暇想其他的事情。劳里的求爱不是时候。二是她误以为贝思喜欢劳里，所以决定将自己这个阻碍除去。三是马奇太太认为她与劳里性格太相似，更适合做朋友，而不是恋人。四是她心性未定，想要足够的自由。可是等到乔成长到足够懂得什么是爱，如何去爱的时候，劳里已经成了妹妹艾美的丈夫。一切只是时机。巴尔教授来得正是时候，乔会拒绝他吗？当然不会！但我始终认为她最爱的人其实是劳里。哪怕他们的确更适合做朋友，哪怕他们在一起之后不会得到足够的幸福，我也愿意这么一厢情愿的以为下去。因为，爱是没有错的，不是吗？《小妇人》当然是一个温暖光明的结局。乔与劳里在最后几章也根本没有任何纠缠不清的情节。作者一心一意让劳里与艾美幸福得天经地义，让乔后知后觉的爱上教授。只是，作者偏偏就忘了，如果爱，真的是这么不蔓不枝，干干净净，也就不是爱了。当然，乔选择的生活，的确是最适合她的。哪怕清苦一点，平淡一点，却不需要矫柔造作，不需要约束自己的天性。此事古难全，既然如此，也就不要苛求了吧。只是，我还是会一遍遍去读，劳里因为乔拒绝了他的爱，痛苦之下离家远行时的情景。分手时乔跟在他的身后，想趁他回头时跟他挥手道别，他果然回过头，返过来，用手臂绕着她，说：“哦，乔，难道你不能？”“特迪，亲爱的，我真希望能！”然后劳里挺直身子，说：“好的，别在意。”随即再不发一言，转身离去。可是，乔心里如何不在意，当他头也不回地离她而去时，她知道男孩子劳里是永远也不会再回来的了。”不知道多年后，乔会不会还想起这一幕，想起来，是会沉默，还是，微微笑呢？参考：
摘要：《简爱》是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作。它成功地塑造了新型的小资产阶级女性简爱的生动形象，集中描写她为谋求妇女经济独立和爱情平等权利而进行的斗争。本文主要从心理、语言、思想、行为等方面分析简爱的性格特点。 关键词：人格、意志、精神、虐待、摧残、反抗、自由、平等 1．引言 《简爱》是一部带有作者自传性的作品，采用第一人称的自叙写法，让女主人公倾诉自己的喜怒哀乐和人生理想，爱情友谊，具有娓娓动听，亲切感人的艺术魅力。它写一个孤女个人的奋斗故事，作者本人生活中的悲哀、忧患、紧张和勇气在小说中得到了强烈的反映。襁褓中父母双亡的简爱被舅舅收养，舅舅死后，舅母一家人百般虐待她，最后将她送入慈善学校，在那里备受凌辱摧残。成年后，她被聘往桑费尔德庄园当家庭教师，与主人真诚相爱；及行婚礼，发生不测，主人被证明早已结婚，其妻因疯病被私关密室。简爱不愿作人情妇，只身远离，流浪途中昏倒在风雨之夜，被一青年牧师圣约翰救回家，在其两个妹妹的照顾下恢复健康。牧师准备去印度传教，他认为简爱坚强而耐苦，可以作个好帮手，就向其求婚，但遭拒绝，因为简爱情有所钟。爱情又使她返回桑费尔德庄。这时女人已将庄园烧毁，自己也被烧死，主人抢救她时还弄成了残废，两人终于幸福地结合。此外，简爱意外地得浪迹海外的叔父一笔遗产，同时被证明她圣约翰原是姑表兄妹。 2． 简爱的性格特点及其具体表现 2．1．自尊自主、叛逆反抗 简爱，在寄居的舅妈家里，和骄横残暴的表哥约翰发生冲突，瘦小的她敢于和表哥扭打，并怒斥他："你这男孩真是又恶毒又残酷，你像个杀人犯----你像个虐待奴隶的人，----你像罗马皇帝。" 他还敢于指责冷酷护短的舅妈："你以为你是好人，可是你坏，你狠心。"简爱的童年的生活让读者初步了解她的反抗性格和捍卫独立人格的精神起点。 从下面的几段描述中可以看到简爱的内心是多么的叛逆反抗。 "我被他打倒，头还在痛，血还在流；约翰粗暴地打了我，没有人责备他；而我，为了叫他以后不再干出这种荒唐的暴行，却受到了众人的许多责难。 "不公平！----不公平啊！"我理智的说。令人痛苦的刺激逼得我的理智一时早熟地发挥了威力；"决心"也同样被鼓舞起来，催促着我采取什么奇妙的方法，从这难以忍受的压迫下逃跑----譬如出走，或者，万一走不了的话，就永远不再吃不再喝，听任自己饿死。在那一个悲惨的下午，我的灵魂是多么惶恐不安啊，我整个脑海里是多么混乱啊，我的心有多么的反抗啊，然而，这一精神上的搏斗，是在怎么样的黑暗，怎么样的愚昧中进行的啊，我无法回答内心的这个不断提出的问题：为什么我这样受苦；而如今，隔了----我不愿说隔了多少年----我却看的明明白白了。" 简爱非常的重视自我，她说："我是自己的主人"，当一对恋人的结婚计划被粉碎时，罗彻斯特提议到法国去过同居生活，尽管这个方案对于热恋中的人来说具有无可争辩的诱惑力，但是她拒绝了----"我关心我自己。越孤独，越没有朋友，越没有人帮助，我越要自重。"因此她逃离了。2．2．追求精神上的自由、平等 当简爱发觉她深深地爱上了主人后，在地位如此悬殊的情况下，她却敢于去爱，因为她坚信人在精神上都是平等的。一个穷教师斗胆爱上一个上流人物，在等级深严的社会观念看来，无异于乞丐万奢望国王，所以这本身就是向社会及偏见的大胆挑战。惟其如此，它也就意味着遭受嘲笑或侮辱，只有像简爱这样并不把权贵放在心上的人才能去坦坦荡荡地爱。当罗切斯特为了试探她而假意要娶某贵族小姐时，她愤怒地说："你以为，因为我穷，低贱，不美，矮小，我就没有灵魂没有心吗？你想错了！-----我的灵魂跟你一样，我的心也跟你的完全一样！......。就如我们站在上帝跟前是平等的----因为我们是平等的！"基于此，她表达爱情的方式才不是甜腻的赞美，温柔的絮语，更不是祈求，诱惑或勾引，归根结底，她追求的是两颗心的平等结合。 "你为什么和我讲这些？她和你与我有什么关系？你以为我贫穷，相貌平平就没有情感吗？我向你起誓，如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌，我会让你难以离开我，就像我现在难以离开你一样。可上帝没有这样安排。但我们的精神是平等的。就如你我走过的坟墓，平等地站在上帝面前。"这是简爱发内心的为精神平等观念的辩护。 2．3．感情炽烈，敢于追求真正意义上、完整的爱情 简爱对罗彻斯特情感非常的追求非常的真诚和专一，这主要表现在对她对罗彻斯特执着而强烈的爱情上。当圣约翰向她提出求婚，要她作为他的助手一起去印度传教时，简爱虽然认为"他是个好人"，但还是拒绝了他的求婚。因为在简爱看来，他爱的并不是自己，他更爱的是上帝。更重要的是，无论他对她如何，她心里爱的仍是罗彻斯特。因为牧师对他的爱是不完整的。可是在得知罗彻斯特还有疯了的合法妻子，她还是拒绝了他的爱，她不愿作人情妇，她要的还是一份真正意义的完整爱情。然而，当简爱离开了罗彻斯特后，并没有在感情上抛弃他；相反，她的爱情像殉道一般，专一到打算为其作永远的牺牲，贫困时是这样，富有后仍是这样，更不会因为罗彻斯特身体上的残缺而弃之不顾。以下是罗彻斯特在庄园被烧毁，眼睛瞎了后，向简爱求爱的一独白。 "简，你肯嫁给我吗？ "肯的，先生" "一个比你大20岁的瘸子，你得伺侯他的人。" "是的，先生" "当真，简？" "完全当真，先生。" 从中可看到简爱所追求的爱情不是物质财富，而是真正意义上的纯洁爱情，不含半点虚假造作。2．4．意志坚强，智慧过人 在盖茨海德府，简爱是童话里的"灰姑娘"、弱小、丑陋、怪僻、胆小、任人摆布，是个没有明确地位和身份的"小家伙"，是个"外来人"，是个"异种人"，是个"比不上佣人"的小姐。一切力量都压迫她，残害她的天性，扼杀她的成长，但简爱的心却并没有被丑恶的现实所摧毁，她的精神却因粗砺的生活而锤炼得顽强，她的意志被磨砺得坚决，非凡的处境培植了她非凡的勇气和洞察力，十岁的孩子似乎具备了成人的智力，而这种超绝的智力促使她无所谓惧地去反抗压迫者。 "你没有权利拿我的书。妈妈说你是个靠别人养活的人；你没有钱。" "我的里德舅舅在天上，你做的一切和和想的一切，他都看得见，我爸爸妈妈也都看得见；他们知道你整天把我关起来，还巴不得我死掉。" 在劳渥学校的悲惨体验，更表现了简爱的坚强和惊人的意志力。简爱刚刚摆脱舅妈的虐待，就被送到寄宿学校读书，和其他孩子们一起，经常挨饿受冻，挨打罚站。学校里传染病夺取了好多孤儿的生命，简爱却凭借顽强的生命力在这种艰苦的条件下呆了10年。 " 当我们无缘无故挨打的时候，我们应该狠狠地回击；我肯定我们应该回击----狠狠地回击，教训教训打我们的那个人，叫他永远不敢在这样打人。"这是简爱在言语上对打他的人有力回击，也是在精神上维护自己受伤的心灵。 在下面主人疵疵逼人的问话中，无所畏惧自卑，更表现其头脑精灵的一面罗彻斯特："你很沉着。像你这样身份低微的孤儿，哪来的这种沉着？" 简："它来自我的头脑，先生。" 罗彻斯特："是我看到的，你肩膀上的那个？" 简："是的，先生。" 罗彻斯特："你头脑中还有没有其他类似的东西？" 简："我想它样样具备，先生。" 她所受过的教育和经历使她拥有一个富有智慧、善良敏感、坚强独立的高贵灵魂，在这一点上，她与主人相比毫不逊色，甚至使其有时感到惭愧。 3． 结语 从上文的分析可见，简爱是一个贫苦低微、其貌不扬、性格倔强、感情丰富、独立自尊、勇敢执着、聪慧过人的女孩，她对自己的命运、价值、地位的思考和努力把握，对自己的思想和人格有着理性的认识，对自己的幸福和情感有着坚定的追求。从简爱身上，我们看到了当今新女性的形象：自尊、自重、自立、自强，对于自己的人格、情感、生活、判断、选择的坚定理想和执着追求。这是简爱人格魅力的启示，也是本文的写作目的所在。 参考文献：简同，《百部世界文学名著赏析》。北京：北京出版社，2001.2。袁世全，《外国文学名著微缩》。上海：汉语大词典出版社，2001.8。方洲，《世界文学名著速读手册》。北京：中国青年出版社，1999。金志浩，《同行者：高中生自选名篇佳作》。上海：汉语大词典出版社，2000.3。陶德臻，《世界文学名著选读》。北京：高等教育出版社，2002。梁坤，《外国文学名著选读》。北京：中国人民大学出版社，2002。田兆耀，《西方文学鉴赏》。北京：中国广播电视出版社，2002.3。刘念兹，王化学，曾繁亭，《外国作家作品专题研究》。济南：山东人民出版社，2001,5。杨正和，《外国文学名作欣赏》。北京：科学出版社，1999.8。梅子涵，《经典女孩：世界名著中的少女故事》。上海：上海人民出版社，2001。
1 简爱性格分析The Independent Spirit——about“ Jane Eyer”This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.作者： 202.114.23.* 2006-1-2 20:45 回复此发言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 简爱性格分析Life is ceaselessly changing, but our living principles remain. Firmly persisting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage, which is like the beacon over the capriccioso sea of life. In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the dramatis personae.In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both physical and mental effects on us call for a balance. We are likely to find ourselves bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload and living unconsciousness. It’s our spirit that makes the life meaningful.二、An Analysis of Jane EyreThe novel is rich in poetry, symbolism and metaphor. It does not fit easily into a definite pattern, being neither a novel of "manners" in the tradition of Austen, or a straightforward Gothic Romance in the style of Mrs Radcliffe. What Charlotte Bronte did was to create a work which cleverly blends elements of the two styles, and which remains uniquely independent of them at the same time, since it addresses issues which were at the time rather controversial.The novel is written in the first person, and thus magnifies the central character - the reader enters the world of Jane Eyre and is transported through her experiences at first hand. This at once makes the work subjective, especially since we know that Charlottes Brontes own life and experiences were so closely interwoven with the heroine's. As well as this we learn only at the end of the novel that the events are being related to us ten years after the reconciliation with Rochester - thus the narrative is RETROSPECTIVE (looking back). CB is clever in blending the narrative so that at times Jane seems to be speaking as an adult with adult hindsight , while at others she she is "in the middle" of them, as a child or young woman. The indecision which is a central issue in the book, is heightened by this device. We never know, as readers, whether to be entirely trustful of Janes actions and thoughts, because we are never sure wheher she is speaking impulsively or maturely.This intensifies the readers dilemma as to what is "right" and "wrong" in the dramatic relationships which are part of JE's life. Can we believe what the heroine says, or is she deceiving herself? The novel is primarily a love story and a "romance" where wishes come true but only after trials and suffering. The supernatural has its place, as do dreams, portents and prophesies. The heroine begins poor and lonely and ends up rich and loved; the orphan finds a good family to replace the wicked one; all the basic ingredients of classic romantic fairytale are present.The romantic element is present in two forms in Jane Eyre; the "family" aspect is dealt with in the Gateshead, Lowood and Moor House episodes, which involve the exchanging of the wicked Reed family for the benevolent Rivers one; and the Love romance is dealt with in the Thornfield and Ferndean episodes. Both aspects are, of course linked and interwoven throughout the novel.作者： 202.114.23.* 2006-1-2 20:45 回复此发言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 简爱性格分析There is also a strong element of realism in the novel, which, married to the romantic aspect, enhances the novel's strength.The sense of place is very strong; we are able to experience both exterior and interior settings with startling clarity throughout the story, in a series of vivid de脚本ive passages. The central characters are also realistic and their confrontations and sufferings change them in a believable way.Even the unlikely is made plausible, with a unique blend of high drama and perceptive low comedy (the attack on Mason, for instance)The more fantastic romantic aspects; the coincidences; the secrets; the supernatural occurrences, are balanced by the realism, and this is of course a major strength.The Gothic influence cannot be ignored, although CB has refined the technique considerably from the "authentic" Gothic of the 1790's. In the original genre, the heroine would typically be abducted and threatened with seduction, or worse!. There would be a lover - a respectable, well-bred young man - who would endeavor to rescue the heroine and would succeed after many trial. the seducer would be a brigand "Know that I adore Corsairs!" and he would lock the girl up in a remote castle.There was little freedom for middle class women during the period of the Gothic novel, and this was still the case in the time of CB. Marriage especially was often a bargain, whereby fortunes were secured by using the female as a pawn. A woman's value largely depended therefore on her sexual purity and she was guarded and secured as a result. Men, on the contrary, were potent and free; lovers and mistresses were common. Ironically the women who provided their services were social outcasts as a result.In Jane Eyre we see elements of the Gothic romance, in that Thornfield Hall and Rochester are described very much in the brigand/castle style BUT Jane Eyre is not abducted by R. On the contrary she chooses to go there of her own free will. AND she is clear in her determination to have Rochester as a husband. Neither is there a gentleman rescuer; St John Rivers may look like a Greek God, but he is neither kind nor benevolent; driving Jane back to Ferndean, not rescuing her from it.The trials which the hero is supposed to undergo in a Gothic romance are in fact undergone by the heroine in Jane Eyre. The bandit Rochester is only skin-deep. Underneath the brooding exterior is a sensitive soul, which a WOMAN frees. In this way we see that CB created rather a daring departure from conventional fiction, although there are still many aspects of the novel which remain true to Victorian convention.
沙子里
我读中文但是那时写论文有个同组的女生写这个题目如果你们的论文要求的字数比较多,万八千的,不要写这个题目,千万不要写.这个题目很难挖到新东西也很难表现出深度,比较适合4,5千字的小论文我的同学重写了5回,最后是把简爱形象和林黛玉对比,才写够一万五,但成绩很糟糕.--我的建议一对比简爱中的女性之间的形象,分析她们各自的阶层背景,性格,命运.结合英国文化(你们的专业哦),然后可以总结出简爱的优点.二如果你讨厌阶级决定论,就把重点放在性格决定命运上,简爱得到真爱和幸福,而她舅妈和妹妹虽先天条件好却结局很惨,就是最鲜明的对比.因她们是同时代同阶层的人物嘛,有不同的结局,性格的决定作用不小.三既然突显了性格的重要,就可以结合今天社会中女性的命运论一下了.这是一方面,捎带着,还可以感叹下作者本人的审美倾向和性格人生.四因为是英文专业,可能会需要在论文里侧重下英国的文化对女性意识的影响,辨证论述消极影响和积极影响.同时可以结合作者本人的女性意识一起论述.另:我个人认为最能体现作者对女性平等地位要求的是,简爱以外得财而罗切斯特破产那段,虽然很多人说这种设置很突兀做作(的确),但这正体现了作者对平等的强烈渴望,因只有这样,简和罗才会站在同个位置上(甚至是高出罗),毕竟,英国是讲究门当户对的.
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的文献综述！:又译作《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》，作者是美国女作家比彻·斯托夫人（1811—1896）。比彻·斯托出生在一个牧师家庭，曾经做过教师。她在辛辛拉提市住了18年，与南部蓄奴的村镇仅一河之隔，这使她有机会接触到一些逃亡的黑奴。奴隶们的悲惨遭遇引起了她深深的同情。她本人也去过南方，亲自了解了那里的情况，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》便是在这样的背景下写出来的。此书于1852年首次在《民族时代》刊物上连载，立即引起了强烈的反响，受到了人们无与伦比的欢迎，仅第一年就在国内印了100多版，销了30多万册，后来被译为20多种文字在世界各地出版。评论界认为本书在启发民众的反奴隶制情绪上起了重大作用，被视为美国内战的起因之一。林肯总统后来接见斯托夫人时戏谑地称她是“写了一本书，酿成了一场大战的小妇人”，这一句玩笑话充分反映了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部长篇小说的巨大影响。故事从一个奴隶主与一个奴隶贩子的讨价还价中开始。美国肯塔基州的奴隶主谢尔比在股票市场上投机失败，为了还债，决定把两个奴隶卖掉。一个是汤姆，他是在谢尔比的种植场出生的，童年时就当伺候主人的小家权，颇得主人欢心，成年后当上了家奴总管，忠心耿耿，全身心维护主人利益。另一个要卖掉的奴隶是黑白混血种女奴伊丽莎的儿子哈利，伊丽莎不是一个俯首贴耳死心塌地听主人摆布的奴隶，当她偶然听到主人要卖掉汤姆和自己的儿子哈利后，就连夜带着儿子在奴隶贩子的追捕下跳下浮冰密布的俄亥俄河，逃到自由州，再往加拿大逃奔。她丈夫乔治·哈里斯是附近种植场地奴隶，也伺机逃跑，与妻子汇合，带着孩子，历经艰险，终于在废奴派组织的帮助下，成功地抵达加拿大。汤姆却是另一种遭遇。他知道并支持伊丽莎逃走，但是他自己没有逃跑。由于他从小就被奴隶主灌输敬畏上帝、逆来顺受、忠顺于主人这类的基督教说教，对主人要卖他抵债，也没有怨言，甘愿听从主人摆布。他被转卖到新奥尔良，成了奴隶贩子海利的奴隶。在一次溺水事故中，汤姆救了一个奴隶主的小女儿伊娃的命，孩子的父亲圣·克莱从海利手中将汤姆买过来。当了家仆，为主人家赶马车。汤姆和小女孩建立了感情。不久小女孩突然病死，圣·克莱根据小女儿生前愿望，决定将汤姆和其他黑奴解放。可是当还没有来得及办妥解放的法律手续时，圣·克莱在一次意外事故中被人杀死。圣·克莱的妻子没有解放汤姆和其他黑奴，而是将他们送到黑奴拍卖市场。从此，汤姆落到了一个极端凶残的“红河”种植场奴隶主莱格利手中。莱格利把黑奴当作“会说话的牲口”，任意鞭打，横加私刑。汤姆忍受着这非人的折磨，仍然没有想到要为自己找一条生路，而是默默地奉行着做一个正直人的原则。这个种植场的两个女奴为了求生，决定逃跑，她们躲藏起来。莱格利怀疑汤姆帮助她们逃走，把汤姆捆绑起来，鞭打得皮开肉绽，死去活来。但是汤姆最后表现出了他对奴隶主的反抗，什么都没有说。在汤姆奄奄一息的时候，他过去的主人、第一次卖掉他的奴隶主谢尔比的儿子乔治·谢尔比赶来赎买汤姆，因为汤姆是小谢尔比儿时的仆人和玩伴，但是汤姆已经无法领受他过去的小主人的迟来的援手，遍体鳞伤地离开了人世。乔治·谢尔比狠狠地一拳把莱格利打翻在地。就地埋葬了汤姆。回到家乡肯塔基后，小谢尔比就以汤姆大叔的名义解放了他名下的所有黑奴，并对他们说：“你们每次看见汤姆大叔的小屋，就应该联想起你们的自由。”《汤姆叔叔的小屋》赏析评论既描写了不同表现和性格的黑奴，也描写了不同类型的奴隶主嘴脸。它着力刻画了接受奴隶主灌输的基督教精神、逆来顺受型的黑奴汤姆；也塑造了不甘心让奴隶主决定自己生死的具有反抗精神的黑奴，如伊丽莎和她的丈夫乔治·哈里斯。同时，也揭示了各种类型的奴隶主的内心世界和奴隶主不完全相同的表现。这本书通过对汤姆和乔治·哈里斯夫妇这两种不同性格黑奴的描述，告诉读者：逆来顺受、听从奴隶主摆布的汤姆难逃死亡的命运，而敢于反抗敢于斗争的乔治夫妇得到了新生。因此，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对社会发展起到了积极作用，特别是对美国废奴运动和美国内战中以林肯为代表的正义一方获得胜利，产生了巨大的作用。作为一本文学作品，美国著名诗人亨利·朗费罗说它是“文学史上最伟大的胜利”。
Meg：Meg disdains the hypocrisy of the highsociety and chooses a life of poverty in pursuit of true love. Despite thehardship of life after marriage, she still realizes that "poverty is not abad thing" because poverty gives her husband the courage to start acareer, which makes their life more meaningful, in her, reflects the emotionalself-improvement of women.Jo： Jo, as the core protagonist of the novel, acts as the leader of the little sisters. She always shows a strong and optimistic, self-reliant personality; she loves writing, on the one hand, because writing brings her happiness, on the other hand, writing is to maintain her independence A way for her to provide everything she needs without asking for a penny.Through her unremitting efforts to become a writer and start a school, she also strongly demanded independence after marriage, asking “To bear my share, I have to be busy earning money to support my family ", reflecting the self-improvement of women in their careers.Beth：Beth takes on the task of taking care ofher sisters at the time her mother arrived at the frontline to look after herseriously ill father. She loves her family, the poor and the weak withoutasking for a reward. The dolls abandoned by the sisters, she cherishes evenmore; later Beth is sick and is dying. In front of death, Beth acceptedfrankly, without fear, because she believed that death was a fusion with natureand reflected the moral strength of women in her.Amy：As the youngest daughter, Amy, although alittle coquettish, she dreamed of becoming a great artist and made unremittingefforts to this end. She did not doubt about her ability even after beingfrustrated and mocked. After marriage, she did not give up everything for thefamily according to tradition, but to continue her artistic pursuit. Sympathyfor the poor drives her to commit to charity, which reflects theself-improvement of women.
文学太宽泛了，你必须一点点的把你的论文论述的观点缩小，不然你写什么都不知道。1. 去图书馆找所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的所有英文资料，甚至是原文读本序言之类，也有你可以借鉴的句子。2. 去电子阅览室，搜索所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的论文评论，找到你觉得有用的拷下来。3. 到网上搜索下相关词条，如wiki百科的英文相关词条4. 最好浏览一遍原文，看不懂的话中英文对照本也行。~ 实例，首先是开头，小说介绍性文字：Uncle Tom’s Cabin, appeared in book form in 1852, is one of the most unusual books of American literature. Edmund Wilson wrote in an important reassessment in 1962 that Stowe’s work is comparable to that of Dickens and Zola (as readers in her own day recognized); and the novel has often been read in Europe, both in the original and in numerous translations, as the masterpiece of social realism George Sand, George Eliot, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Hugo, and Heine found it to be (Wilson, 1962:3-58). （可以写个一两段）然后，就你找到的文献，归类一下，分别说说他们讲了什么论点（顺便记下人名，书名，年份，页数）最后，说说你将在自己论文里阐述的观点，The paper will mainly focus on 。。。
应该符合你的要求.第一段是总体介绍和写作背景,第二段是内容概括以及作品影响.不需要再去参考资料中找. Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott's own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. Little Women is the story of The Marches, a family used to hard toil and suffering. Although Father March is away with the Union armies, the sisters Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth keep in high spirits with their mother, affectionately named Marmee. Their friendly gift of a Christmas holiday breakfast to a neighbouring family is an act of generosity rewarded with wealthy Mr. Laurence's gift of a surprise Christmas feast. However, despite their efforts to be good, the girls show faults: the pretty Meg becomes discontented with the children she teaches; boyish Jo loses her temper regularly; while the golden-haired schoolgirl Amy is inclined towards affectation. However, Beth, who keeps the house is always kind and gentle. After certain happy times winning over the Laurences, dark times arrive as Marmee finds out about her husband's illness. Worse is to come as Beth contracts scarlet fever in her Samaritan efforts for a sick neighbour and becomes more or less an invalid. The novel tells of their progress into young womanhood with the additional strains of romance, Beth's terminal illness, the pressures of marriage and the outside world. This is the story of their growing maturity and wisdom and the search for the contentedness of family life. It was written in 1867 and is a fictionalised biography of Alcott and her sisters. It has become a much loved classic tale and, while some of its issues seem outdated, many of the trials of the sisters are all too relevant today as evidenced by its continued following.
文学太宽泛了，你必须一点点的把你的论文论述的观点缩小，不然你写什么都不知道。1. 去图书馆找所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的所有英文资料，甚至是原文读本序言之类，也有你可以借鉴的句子。2. 去电子阅览室，搜索所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的论文评论，找到你觉得有用的拷下来。3. 到网上搜索下相关词条，如wiki百科的英文相关词条4. 最好浏览一遍原文，看不懂的话中英文对照本也行。~ 实例，首先是开头，小说介绍性文字：Uncle Tom’s Cabin, appeared in book form in 1852, is one of the most unusual books of American literature. Edmund Wilson wrote in an important reassessment in 1962 that Stowe’s work is comparable to that of Dickens and Zola (as readers in her own day recognized); and the novel has often been read in Europe, both in the original and in numerous translations, as the masterpiece of social realism George Sand, George Eliot, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Hugo, and Heine found it to be (Wilson, 1962:3-58). （可以写个一两段）然后，就你找到的文献，归类一下，分别说说他们讲了什么论点（顺便记下人名，书名，年份，页数）最后，说说你将在自己论文里阐述的观点，The paper will mainly focus on 。。。
论文的题目不仅能准确反映论文特定的核心内容，也是读者最先映入眼帘的内容。下面是我带来的关于美国文学论文选题目录的内容，欢迎阅读参考! 美国文学论文选题目录(一) 1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观 2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读 3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响 4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格 5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔 6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》 7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍 8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神 9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判 10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色 11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义 12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟 13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观 14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德 15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义 16、 浅析《儿子与情人》中的心理冲突 17、浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例 18、从女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 19、《瓦尔登湖》中自然主义的现实意义 20、 从男性角色解读《简爱》中的女性反抗意识 美国文学论文选题目录(二) 1、《红字》中海丝特白兰不理智的一面 2、《董贝父子》中的矛盾冲突 3、论文化不同对联想意义及翻译的影响 4、美国教育的衰弱 5、世纪欧洲移民对美国工业化的积极影响 6、朱丽叶之人物分析 7、主述理论在文学中的运用 8、语用学中的会话含义理论 9、英语语音简析及对提高初学者口语的指导 10、比较两种对于哈姆雷特复仇的评论 11、英语语言中的性别歧视 12、英语的学与教 13、由美国年总统选举所想到的 14、论腐朽世界中的纯洁品质——关于《雾都孤儿》的赏析 15、论理智与情感之关系——对《理智与情感》的人物分析 16、入世对中国银行业的挑战 17、西进运动对美国的影响 18、史蒂芬?克拉申的听读假设和二语习得 19、艾巴辛格——犹太文化的守护者 20、二十世纪年代美国妇女运动的派别 美国文学论文选题目录(三) 1. 中印关系新纪元 2. 希兹克利夫的复仇 3. 弗洛伊德理论对美国现代文学的影响 4. 论萨姆一家人之“变形” 5. 亚伯拉罕林肯的民主思想初探 6. 评析《傲慢与偏见》的男主人公达西 7. 《简爱》的圣经情书 8. 库区三角浮出水面——万州、开县、云阳经济宏图 9. 会话中的合作原则和礼貌原则 10. 浅析海明威笔下圣地亚哥与其它主人公之异同 11. 对嘉尔曼的偏见 12. 简爱——关于简爱的性格评论 13. 《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳和希斯克力夫之间的苦痛恋情 14. 简评妥协——研究《傲慢与偏见》 15. 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观 16. 试论简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响 17. “真实的诺言”与传统文化的碰撞——简析“真人秀”的实质和本地化过程 18. 从台湾问题看中美关系 19. 《傲慢与偏见》的生命力 20. 平凡中的不平凡——《傲慢与偏见》 21. 萨皮尔沃夫理论 猜你喜欢： 1. 关于英美文学的论文 2. 英美文学方向毕业论文 3. 英美文学论文范文 4. 浅谈英美文学论文 5. 美国文化学术论文格式要求