我c，你在这里就想要一篇7000字左右还要英文翻译的论文，你以为人家傻啊，给你写，疯了，自己写去吧，别说7000，,700都别想。自己学那专业的不管怎么说也该能写出点什么，自己都不对自己负责，那么懒，别人凭什么帮你。
Photodetector
Abstract: The article first introduced the photoelectricity examination technology, elaborated the existing photoelectricity examination technology good and bad points and the improvement method, how did describe have designed the special electro-optical sensor, adapted the golden immunity chromatographic analysis to try the strip quota test to measure in the installment, increased the quota examination precision. Introduced one kind the hydraulic fluid impurity examination system which composes using the electro-optical sensor and the monolithic integrated circuit, elaborated in the hydraulic system hydraulic fluid impurity examination basic, as well as this system hardware and the software composition, the design and the principle of work, and carried on the discussion to the part key technologies to pile the code production technological process in view of the zinc spindle the actual situation, used in the trough type electro-optical sensor examination zinc spindle automatic pile of code production line various components traveling schedule position . The application effect indicated that, the zinc spindle automatic pile of code production line electro-optical sensor examination system has the very high examination precision and the very big usability. Key word: The photoelectricity examination technology, the electro-optical sensor, the golden immunity chromatographic analysis tries the strip, the hydraulic fluid, the zinc spindle piles the code.
这是一篇 PH.D的论文，谈论有关 无线传感网络 的，你看下，是否符合你需要，如果类型都不一致，那就没必要翻译了。Mechanisms for energy conservation in wireless sensor networksSupervisor: Maurizio BonuccelliThesis commettee: Paolo Ferraggina, Piero MaestriniExternal referees: Stefano Basagni, Mani SrivastavaNational commettee: Bugliesi, Meo, and Panzieri December 27, 2005 AbstractIn this thesis we address the problem of reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. We propose a suit of techniques andstrategies imported from other research areas that can be applied to design energy-efficient protocols in sensor networks. They includetime series forecasting, quorums systems, and the interaction between sensor properties and protocol design. We apply these techniques to the time synchronization problem, to efficiently collecting data from a sensor network, and to ensuring stronger data consistency guarantees in mobile networks.We show in [1,2,3,4] that time series forecasting techniques, and in particular autoregressive (AR) models, can be applied to sensor networks to conserve energy. We study a simple type of time series models with a short prediction window. We have chosen this model because it is capableof predicting data produced by real-world sensors measuring physical phenomena, and it is computationally tractable on modern-generation sensor networks. We apply these models to solve two relevant problems in sensor networks: the problem of efficiently collecting sensor data at the sink, and the time synchronization problem.We propose an energy-efficient framework, called SAF Similarity--based Adaptable query Framework [1,2] ), for approximate querying and detecting outlier values in sensor networks. The idea is to combine local AR models built at each node into a global model stored at the root of the network(the sink) that is used to approximately answer user queries. Our approach uses dramatically fewer transmissions than previous approximate approaches by using AR models and organizing the network into clusters based on data similarity between nodes. Our definition of data similarity is based on the coefficients of the local AR models stored at the sink, which reduces energy consumption over techniques that directly compare data values, and allows us to derive an efficient clustering algorithm that is provably optimal in the number of clusters formed by the network. Our clusters have several interesting features that make them suitable also for mobile networks: first, they can capture similarity between nodes that are not geographically adjacent; second, cluster membership adapts at no additional cost; third, nodes within a cluster are not required to track the membership of other nodes in the cluster. Furthermore, SAF provides provably correct error bounds and allows the user to dynamically tune answer quality to answer queries in an energy and resource efficient manner.In addition, we apply the AR models to solve the time synchronization problem from a novel perspective which is complementary to the well-studied clock synchronization problem [3,4]. More precisely, we analyze the case in which a sensor node decides to skip one or more clock adjustments to save energy, or it is temporarily isolated, but still requires an accurate estimate of the time. We propose a provably correct clock method based on AR models, which returns a time estimate within a constant (tunable) error bound and error probability. This method is highly adaptable and allows the sensor to decide how manyclock adjustments it can skip while maintaining the same time accuracy, thus saving energy. In addition, we propose a suit of deterministic methods that reduce the time estimation error by at least a factor 2. More precisely, we propose a provably correct deterministic clock reading method, called the DCR method, which exploits information regarding the sign of the clock deviation, and can be applied to reduce by half the frequency of the periodic clock adjustments, while maintaining the same error bound [3,4]. This method is of both practical and theoretical interest. In fact, it leads to a noticeable energy saving, and shows that a stronger but realistic clock model can lead to a refinement of the optimality bound for the maximum deviation of a clock that is periodically synchronized. In addition, we propose a generalized version of the DCR method that enhances its accuracy depending on the clock stability, and a method that guarantees the monotonicity of the time values produced.We analyze for the first time quorum system techniques in the context of sensor networks: we redesign them and show their benefits in terms of energy consumption [6]. Quorum systems have the potential to save energy in sensor networks since they can reduce noticeably the amount of communication, improve the load balance among sensor nodes, and enhance the scalability of the system. However, previous quorum systems and quorum metrics, proposed for wired networks, are unsuitable for sensor networks since they do not address their properties and limitations. These observations have motivated us to redesigning quorum systems and their metrics, taking into account the limitations and characteristics of sensors (e.g., transmission costs, limited energysource, physical radio broadcast), and the network topology. More precisely, we redefine the following quorum metrics: load balance, access cost and quorum capacity, and devise some strategies based on some characteristics of sensor networks that reduce the amount of communication when designing quorum systems for sensor networks. We apply these strategies to design a family of energy-efficient quorum systems with high resiliency. In particular, we propose a quorum construction that reduces the quorum access cost, and propose an energy-efficient data diffusion protocol built on top of it that reduces the energy consumption by reducing the amount of transmissions and collisions.In addition, we analyze quorum systems in case of high node mobility. More precisely, we study the difficult problem of guaranteeing the intersection between two quorums in case nodes move continuously along unknown paths [7]. We address this problem by defining a novel mobility model that provides a minimum set of constraints sufficient to derive strong data guarantees in highly mobile networks. Also in this case, we show the unsuitability of previous quorum systems, and provide a condition which is necessary to guarantee data availability and atomic consistency under high node mobility. We propose a new classof quorum systems, called Mobile Dissemination (MD) quorums, suitable for highly mobile networks, and propose a quorum construction which is optimal with respect to the quorum size (i.e., message transmissions) [7]. Then, we apply the MD quorum system to implement a provably correct atomic read/write shared memory for mobile and sparse networks.Bibliography [1] D. Tulone, S. Madden. PAQ: Time series forecasting for approximate query answeringin sensor networks. In Proc. of the 3rd European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, pp. 21-37, Feb 2006.[2] D. Tulone, S. Madden. An energy-efficient querying framework in sensor networks for detecting node similarities.Submitted to conference.[3] D. Tulone. On the feasibility of global time estimation under isolation conditions in wireless sensor networks.To appear in Algorithmica.[4] D. Tulone. A resource-efficient time estimation for wireless sensor networks. In Proc. of the 4th Workshop of Principles of Mobile Computing, pp. 52-59, Oct 2004.[5] D. Tulone. How efficiently and accurately can a process get the reference time? Intl. Symp. on Distributed Computing, Oct2003. Brief announcement, pp. 25-32.[6] D.Tulone, E. D. Demaine. Redesigning quorum systems for wireless sensor networks. Submitted to conference.[7] D. Tulone. Is it possible to ensure strong data guarantees in highly mobile networks? Submitted to conference.
所谓孤岛效应，即指如并入公共电网中的发电装置，在电网断电的情况下，这个发电装置却不能检测到或根本没有相应检测手段，仍然向公共电网馈送电量。
由于孤岛效应的潜在危险性和对设备的损坏性，社会公共工程和发电设备业主长期以来一直关注光伏并网逆变器的反孤岛控制。因此，在光伏并网发电系统的应用中必须防止孤岛效应。
孤岛效应原理
在电容器串联的电路里，只有与外电路相连接的两个极板（注意：不是同一电容器的极板）有电流流动（电荷交换），其他极板的电荷总量是不变的，所以称为孤岛。 孤岛是一种电气现象，发生在一部分的电网和主电网断开，而这部分电网完全由光伏系统来供电。
在国际光伏并网标准化的课题上这仍是一个争论点，因为孤岛会损害公众和电力公司维修人员的安全和供电的质量，在自动或手动重新闭合供电开关向孤岛电网重新供电时有可能损坏设备。所以，逆变器通常会带有防止孤岛效应装置。
扩展资料
孤岛效应可能对整个配电系统设备及用户端的设备造成不利的影响：
1、危害电力维修人员的生命安全；
2、影响配电系统上的保护开关动作程序；
3、孤岛区域所发生的供电电压与频率的不稳定性质会对用电设备带来破坏；
4、当供电恢复时造成的电压相位不同步将会产生浪涌电流，可能会引起再次跳闸或对光伏系统、负载和供电系统带来损坏；
5、光伏并网发电系统因单相供电而造成系统三相负载的欠相供电问题。
由此可见，作为一个安全可靠的并网逆变装置，必须能及时检测出孤岛效应并避免所带来的危害。
参考资料来源：百度百科——孤岛效应
随着光伏并网发电系统进一步的广泛应用，当多个光伏逆变器同时并网时，不同逆变器输出的变化非常大，从而导致上述方法可能失效。
孤岛效应(IslandingEffect)是指电网突然失压时，并网光伏发电系统仍保持对电网中的邻近部分线路供电状态的一种效应。光伏电站是指与电网相连并向电网输送电力的光伏发电系统，属国家鼓励的绿色能源项目。可以分为带蓄电池的和不带蓄电池的并网发电系统。太阳能发电分为光热发电和光伏发电。通常说的太阳能发电指的是太阳能光伏发电。
因为孤岛会损害公众和电力公司维修人员的安全和供电的质量，在自动或手动重新闭合供电开关向孤岛电网重新供电时有可能损坏设备。所以，逆变器通常会带有防止孤岛效应装置。被动技术(探测电网的电压和频率的变化)对于平衡负载很好条件下通电和重新通电两种情况下的孤岛防止还不够充分，所以必须结合主动技术，主动技术是基于样本频率的移位、流过电流的阻抗监测、相位跳跃和谐波的监控、正反馈方法、或对不稳定电流和相位的控制器基础上的。
目前在我国，太阳能光伏并网发电在政府的高度重视下已被列入重点扶持的范围。光伏并网发电系统属于分布式供电系统。当由于电气故障、误操作或自然因素等原因造成电网中断供电时，各个光伏并网发电系统仍在运行，并且与本地负载连接处于独立运行状态，这种现象被称为孤岛效应。从用电安全与用电质量方面考虑，孤岛状况是不允许出现的。所以，光伏并网发电系统都应具有检测出孤岛状态并快速有效停止并网运行的能力。
硅光电池对入射光的波长接受如下：硅片接受的光谱是320-1100nm ,峰值波长是850 或者是940 ，硅片掺杂工艺不同。材料不同，峰值不同，还有750的。硅光电池是一种直接把光能转换成电能的半导体器件。它的结构很简单，核心部分是一个大面积的PN 结，把一只透明玻璃外壳的点接触型二极管与一块微安表接成闭合回路，当二极管的管芯(PN结)受到光照时，你就会看到微安表的表针发生偏转，显示出回路里有电流，这个现象称为光生伏特效应。硅光电池的PN结面积要比二极管的PN结大得多，所以受到光照时产生的电动势和电流也大得多。光敏传感器的基础是光电效应，即利用光子照射在器件上，使电路中产生电流或使电导特性发生变化的效应。目前半导体光敏传感器在数码摄像、光通信、航天器、太阳能电池等领域得到了广泛应用，在现代科技发展中起到了十分重要的作用。能源--硅光电池串联或并联组成电池组与镍镉电池配合、可作为人造卫星、宇宙飞船、航标灯、无人气象站等设备的电源；也可做电子手表、电子计算器、小型号汽车、游艇等的电源。光电检测器件--用作近红外探测器、光电读出、光电耦合、激光增加准直、电影还音等设备的光感受器。光电控制器件--用作光电开关等光电控制设备的转换器件。
你好， 硅光电池对入射光的波长有何要求： 看光电池的特性了,一般可见光光电池对光的波长要求不高,很大的范围都可以,希望我的答案可以帮到你！
论文查重相似度不能超过30%，知网查重挺精准的，你可以去检测查重，然后找清北医学翻译降重。
要说专业的英语论文查重系统，应该非Turnitin莫属了吧，连页面都是全英文的，不过在页面的左上角可以把页面语言调成简体中文或者其他语言。这款英语论文查重系统主要是国外的用户，国内之所以能用，是因为国内有Turnitin的代理公司。因为本身就是查重英语论文的，所以Turnitin的英文资源会更丰富一些，专业性更强，更适合用来查重英语论文。Turnitin论文查重系统有四个版本，分别是国际版、UK版、Grammarly语法检测、iThenticate职称版，支持四种不同类型的论文查重。大家想用iThenticate查重英语论文可以直接去他们的官网，搜名字就能找到，如果不知道怎么注册使用，也可以去cnki.cn上进行提交，操作更简单一些，查重费用和结果都是一样的。
国外SCI期刊查重要求是比较严格的，大家检测SCI论文的重复率可以使用中国知网论文查重软件，现在CNKI旗下的查重系统有多种版本，比较常见的如VIP(学术不端文献检测系统)、TMLC(学位论文学术不端行为检测系统)、AMLC(科技期刊学术不端检测系统)、SMLC(社科期刊学术不端检测系统)、英文检测系统、中英文对照检测系统等。CNKI的VIP5.3/TMLC2系统是目前最受关注的检测系统，被国内广大院校和核心期刊报社所采用，主要是用于检测硕博论文的原创性和真实性，此查重系统中的数据库资源海量且全面，检测核心期刊的准确率也十分高，因此也很适合查重SCI论文。当然对于SCI论文论文来说，使用专门的英文论文查重系统效果更佳，在英文论文查重系统中最为权威的莫过于Turnitin，收录的英文数据资源最为全面海量，此系统在国际上的使用范围也十分广泛，很多投稿SCI论文的人都会使用这个软件来进行查重。
大学有很多的专业，由于专业众多，毕业论文类型也会增多，术业有专攻，计算机论文中，我们经常会看到很多代码，英语专业的毕业论文基本上都是英文， 那么知网论文查重可以检测英文论文、代码吗？知网论文查重除了检测纯文字的论文以外，检测其他语言的论文结果是否准确呢？相信很多同学都有这样的疑问，今天，paperfree论文查重来给大家详细说明一下情况。知网论文检测系统是可以检测英语论文的，我们把中文论文上传到知网平台之后，知网会对论文进行一个扫描识别，识别的时候不会破坏论文的整体结构，英文论文查重也是一样的，需要先进行上传，知网英文论文查重会多一个过程就是翻译，系统识别英文后会对其进行中文翻译，然后在对其进行英语论文查重。根据知网连续13个字重复的规则进行标红，相对于知网普通论文查重，读一个文章翻译的过程。知网论文检测检测英语论文准确吗？目前没有一款翻译软件可以完全做到中英文翻译一字不差的，用知网论文查重软件检测英语论文还是会有一定的误差的，大家可以去知网进行进一步的了解
知网、turnitin查重、PaperPass检测系统、蚂蚁查重网、PaperOK论文检测系统都是不错的论文查重软件
1、知网：知网的查重范围广，查重结果权威。凭借优质的内容资源、领先的技术和专业的服务，中国知网在业界享有极高的声誉，在2007年，中国知网旗下的《中国学术期刊网络出版总库》获首届“中国出版政府奖”，《中国博士学位论文全文数据库》、《中国年鉴网络出版总库》获提名奖。这是中国出版领域的最高奖项。
2、turnitin查重：该检测系统主要针对外文文献进行查重，如果同学们撰写的是外文论文，还是使用turnitin较为合适。通过用户上传文稿与Turnitin海量的云端数据库和网页进行相似性的比对，并注明抄袭来源供评审者参考。
3、PaperPass检测系统是北京智齿数汇科技有限公司旗下产品，网站诞生于2007年，运营多年来，已经发展成为国内可信赖的中文原创性检查和预防剽窃的在线网站。 系统采用自主研发的动态指纹越级扫描检测技术，该项技术检测速度快、精度高，市场反映良好。
4、蚂蚁查重网自提供论文检测服务以来是国内领先自助论文查重网站，直连高校使用的官方论文检测系统入口，即学生自己提交论文，自己下载查重报告，全程均由学生自己完成。可供个人进行本科论文查重检测、学位论文查重检测、硕士论文查重检测、博士论文查重检测和已发表小论文查重检测，检测结果与学校一致。
5、PaperOK论文检测系统：湖南学搜科技有限公司旗下品牌，基于大数据海量学术文献资源及互联网资源，坚持客观、公正、精准、全面的原则，对学术不端行为进行管理，为用户提供客观详实的查重报告，为出版、科研、学术等提供支持。
英文论文查重系统有turnitin查重软件，听说也有挺多高校英语专业毕业也是要求用这个软件，turnitin分两个版本，一个uk版，一般是英国本土用的，另一个是国际版，我们学校采用的就是国际版。 知网、paperfree和papertime都支持英文论文查重，但是术业有专攻，英语论文因其语言的独特性，有相较于知网查重更为专业的查重软件，即Turnitin论文查重系统。
要说专业的英语论文查重系统，应该非Turnitin莫属了吧，连页面都是全英文的，不过在页面的左上角可以把页面语言调成简体中文或者其他语言。这款英语论文查重系统主要是国外的用户，国内之所以能用，是因为国内有Turnitin的代理公司。因为本身就是查重英语论文的，所以Turnitin的英文资源会更丰富一些，专业性更强，更适合用来查重英语论文。Turnitin论文查重系统有四个版本，分别是国际版、UK版、Grammarly语法检测、iThenticate职称版，支持四种不同类型的论文查重。大家想用iThenticate查重英语论文可以直接去他们的官网，搜名字就能找到，如果不知道怎么注册使用，也可以去cnki.cn上进行提交，操作更简单一些，查重费用和结果都是一样的。
咱们国家大多数的高校英文论文一般是规定要知网或者是Turnitin这两个检测平台，还是建议你先跟指导老师沟通好，按照指导老师的一键来进行查重