材料科学与工程英文论文

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天天爱小狐狸

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+Science&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=EYOdzukZQ7&sig=bskKId1Ujx5wNc8wLgAqP7KWILw材料科学 Materials ScienceMaterials science or materials engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and This science investigates the relationship between the structure of materials and their It includes elements of applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical With significant media attention to nanoscience and nanotechnology in recent years, materials science has been propelled to the forefront at many It is also an important part of forensic engineering and forensic materials engineering, the study of failed products and HistoryThe material of choice of a given era is often its defining point; the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Steel Age are examples of Materials science is one of the oldest forms of engineering and applied science, deriving from the manufacture of Modern materials science evolved directly from metallurgy, which itself evolved from A major breakthrough in the understanding of materials occurred in the late 19th century, when Willard Gibbs demonstrated that thermodynamic properties relating to atomic structure in various phases are related to the physical properties of a Important elements of modern materials science are a product of the space race: the understanding and engineering of the metallic alloys, and silica and carbon materials, used in the construction of space vehicles enabling the exploration of Materials science has driven, and been driven by, the development of revolutionary technologies such as plastics, semiconductors, and Before the 1960s (and in some cases decades after), many materials science departments were named metallurgy departments, from a 19th and early 20th century emphasis on The field has since broadened to include every class of materials, including: ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, magnetic materials, medical implant materials and biological [edit] Fundamentals of materials scienceIn materials science, rather than haphazardly looking for and discovering materials and exploiting their properties, one instead aims to understand materials fundamentally so that new materials with the desired properties can be The basis of all materials science involves relating the desired properties and relative performance of a material in a certain application to the structure of the atoms and phases in that material through The major determinants of the structure of a material and thus of its properties are its constituent chemical elements and the way in which it has been processed into its final These, taken together and related through the laws of thermodynamics, govern a material’s microstructure, and thus its An old adage in materials science says: "materials are like people; it is the defects that make them interesting" The manufacture of a perfect crystal of a material is currently physically Instead materials scientists manipulate the defects in crystalline materials such as precipitates, grain boundaries (Hall-Petch relationship), interstitial atoms, vacancies or substitutional atoms, to create materials with the desired Not all materials have a regular crystal Polymers display varying degrees of crystallinity, and many are completely non- Glasses, some ceramics, and many natural materials are amorphous, not possessing any long-range order in their atomic The study of polymers combines elements of chemical and statistical thermodynamics to give thermodynamic, as well as mechanical, descriptions of physical In addition to industrial interest, materials science has gradually developed into a field which provides tests for condensed matter or solid state New physics emerge because of the diverse new material properties which need to be [edit] Materials in industryRadical materials advances can drive the creation of new products or even new industries, but stable industries also employ materials scientists to make incremental improvements and troubleshoot issues with currently used Industrial applications of materials science include materials design, cost-benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials, processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, ), and analytical techniques (characterization techniques such as electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB), Rutherford backscattering, neutron diffraction, )Besides material characterisation, the material scientist/engineer also deals with the extraction of materials and their conversion into useful Thus ingot casting, foundry techniques, blast furnace extraction, and electrolytic extraction are all part of the required knowledge of a metallurgist/ Often the presence, absence or variation of minute quantities of secondary elements and compounds in a bulk material will have a great impact on the final properties of the materials produced, for instance, steels are classified based on 1/10th and 1/100 weight percentages of the carbon and other alloying elements they Thus, the extraction and purification techniques employed in the extraction of iron in the blast furnace will have an impact of the quality of steel that may be The overlap between physics and materials science has led to the offshoot field of materials physics, which is concerned with the physical properties of The approach is generally more macroscopic and applied than in condensed matter See important publications in materials physics for more details on this field of The study of metal alloys is a significant part of materials Of all the metallic alloys in use today, the alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, alloy steels) make up the largest proportion both by quantity and commercial Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon For the steels, the hardness and tensile strength of the steel is directly related to the amount of carbon present, with increasing carbon levels also leading to lower ductility and The addition of silicon and graphitization will produce cast irons (although some cast irons are made precisely with no graphitization) The addition of chromium, nickel and molybdenum to carbon steels (more than 10%) gives us stainless Other significant metallic alloys are those of aluminium, titanium, copper and Copper alloys have been known for a long time (since the Bronze Age), while the alloys of the other three metals have been relatively recently Due to the chemical reactivity of these metals, the electrolytic extraction processes required were only developed relatively The alloys of aluminium, titanium and magnesium are also known and valued for their high strength-to-weight ratios and, in the case of magnesium, their ability to provide electromagnetic These materials are ideal for situations where high strength-to-weight ratios are more important than bulk cost, such as in the aerospace industry and certain automotive engineering Other than metals, polymers and ceramics are also an important part of materials Polymers are the raw materials (the resins) used to make what we commonly call Plastics are really the final product, created after one or more polymers or additives have been added to a resin during processing, which is then shaped into a final Polymers which have been around, and which are in current widespread use, include polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polystyrene, nylons, polyesters, acrylics, polyurethanes, and Plastics are generally classified as "commodity", "specialty" and "engineering" PVC (polyvinyl-chloride) is widely used, inexpensive, and annual production quantities are It lends itself to an incredible array of applications, from artificial leather to electrical insulation and cabling, packaging and Its fabrication and processing are simple and well- The versatility of PVC is due to the wide range of plasticisers and other additives that it The term "additives" in polymer science refers to the chemicals and compounds added to the polymer base to modify its material Polycarbonate would be normally considered an engineering plastic (other examples include PEEK, ABS) Engineering plastics are valued for their superior strengths and other special material They are usually not used for disposable applications, unlike commodity Specialty plastics are materials with unique characteristics, such as ultra-high strength, electrical conductivity, electro-fluorescence, high thermal stability, It should be noted here that the dividing line between the various types of plastics is not based on material but rather on their properties and For instance, polyethylene (PE) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas Medium-Density Polyethylene MDPE is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip Another application of material science in industry is the making of composite Composite materials are structured materials composed of two or more macroscopic An example would be steel-reinforced concrete; another can be seen in the "plastic" casings of television sets, cell-phones and so These plastic casings are usually a composite material made up of a thermoplastic matrix such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in which calcium carbonate chalk, talc, glass fibres or carbon fibres have been added for added strength, bulk, or electro-static These additions may be referred to as reinforcing fibres, or dispersants, depending on their [edit] Classes of materials (by bond types)Materials science encompasses various classes of materials, each of which may constitute a separate Materials are sometimes classified by the type of bonding present between the atoms:Ionic crystals Covalent crystals Metals Intermetallics Semiconductors Polymers Composite materials Vitreous materials [edit] Sub-fields of materials scienceNanotechnology – rigorously, the study of materials where the effects of quantum confinement, the Gibbs-Thomson effect, or any other effect only present at the nanoscale is the defining property of the material; but more commonly, it is the creation and study of materials whose defining structural properties are anywhere from less than a nanometer to one hundred nanometers in scale, such as molecularly engineered Microtechnology - study of materials and processes and their interaction, allowing microfabrication of structures of micrometric dimensions, such as MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) Crystallography – the study of how atoms in a solid fill space, the defects associated with crystal structures such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and the characterization of these structures and their relation to physical Materials Characterization – such as diffraction with x-rays, electrons, or neutrons, and various forms of spectroscopy and chemical analysis such as Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), chromatography, thermal analysis, electron microscope analysis, , in order to understand and define the properties of See also List of surface analysis methods Metallurgy – the study of metals and their alloys, including their extraction, microstructure and Biomaterials – materials that are derived from and/or used with biological Electronic and magnetic materials – materials such as semiconductors used to create integrated circuits, storage media, sensors, and other Tribology – the study of the wear of materials due to friction and other Surface science/Catalysis – interactions and structures between solid-gas solid-liquid or solid-solid Ceramography – the study of the microstructures of high-temperature materials and refractories, including structural ceramics such as RCC, polycrystalline silicon carbide and transformation toughened ceramics Some practitioners often consider rheology a sub-field of materials science, because it can cover any material that However, modern rheology typically deals with non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, so it is often considered a sub-field of continuum See also granular Glass Science – any non-crystalline material including inorganic glasses, vitreous metals and non-oxide Forensic engineering – the study of how products fail, and the vital role of the materials of construction Forensic materials engineering – the study of material failure, and the light it sheds on how engineers specify materials in their product [edit] Topics that form the basis of materials scienceThermodynamics, statistical mechanics, kinetics and physical chemistry, for phase stability, transformations (physical and chemical) and Crystallography and chemical bonding, for understanding how atoms in a material are Mechanics, to understand the mechanical properties of materials and their structural Solid-state physics and quantum mechanics, for the understanding of the electronic, thermal, magnetic, chemical, structural and optical properties of Diffraction and wave mechanics, for the characterization of Chemistry and polymer science, for the understanding of plastics, colloids, ceramics, liquid crystals, solid state chemistry, and Biology, for the integration of materials into biological Continuum mechanics and statistics, for the study of fluid flows and ensemble Mechanics of materials, for the study of the relation between the mechanical behavior of materials and their 材料科学材料是人类可以利用的物质，一般是指固体。而材料科学是研究材料的制备或加工工艺、材料结构与材料性能三者之间的相互关系的科学。涉及的理论包括固体物理学，材料化学，与电子工程结合，则衍生出电子材料，与机械结合则衍生出结构材料，与生物学结合则衍生出生物材料等等。材料科学理论物理冶金学晶体学固体物理学材料化学材料热力学材料动力学材料计算科学[编辑] 材料的分类按化学状态分类金属材料无机物非金属材料陶瓷材料有机材料高分子材料按物理性质分类高强度材料耐高温材料超硬材料导电材料绝缘材料磁性材料透光材料半导体材料按状态分类单晶材料多晶质材料非晶态材料准晶态材料按物理效应分类压电材料热电材料铁电材料光电材料电光材料声光材料磁光材料激光材料按用途分类建筑材料结构材料研磨材料耐火材料耐酸材料电工材料电子材料光学材料感光材料包装材料按组成分类单组分材料复合材料 [编辑] 材料工程技术金属材料成形机械加工热加工陶瓷冶金粉末冶金薄膜生长技术表面处理技术表面改性技术表面涂覆技术热处理 [编辑] 材料的应用结构材料信息材料存储材料半导体材料宇航材料建筑材料能源材料生物材料环境材料储能材料和含能材料参考%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6

154 评论 1小时前发布

张小电1301

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西湖草莓

常见的英文论文发表的刊物有很多的，在这里提醒大家的是注意你论文的专业是什么方向，同时还需注意你职称晋升需要什么方面的期刊等级等，对于SCI还是什么类的刊物，若是你不太了解，不妨来中国月期刊咨询网来看看。

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壹只头俩只脑

相信很多人会遇到这样一个类似的问题，那就是在英文论文写好之后，却苦于找不到国内经常使用的论文发表期刊有哪些。下面是根据多年的经验总结出来的其中比较受欢迎的期刊，希望对您有一定帮助。至于查重可以了解一下paperfree。谢谢！zAcademic Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University（English Edition）Acta Geologica SinicaActa Mathematica ScientiaActa Oceanologica SinicaActa Pharmacologica SinicaActa Seismologica SinicaADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCESApplied Mathematics A Journal of Chinese UniversitiesBiomedical and Environmental SciencesCell ResearchChemical Research in Chinese UniversitiesChina WeldingChinese Annals of Mathematics，Series BChinese Chemical LettersChinese Geographical ScienceChinese Journal of AeronauticsChinese Journal of Astronomy and AstrophysicsChinese Journal of Cancer ResearchChinese Journal of Chemical EngineeringChinese Journal of GeochemistryChinese Journal of Integrative MedicineChinese Journal of LasersChinese Journal of Mechanical EngineeringChinese Journal of Oceanology and LimnologyChinese Journal of Polar ScienceChinese Journal of Reactive PolymersChinese Journal of Sexually Tuansmitted InfectionsChinese Journal of Traumatology （English Edition）Chinese Medical JournalChinese Medical Sciences JournalChinese Quarterly Journal of MathematicsChinese Rice Research NewsletterChinese Science BulletinCommunications In Theoretical PhysicsEarthquake Engineering and Engineering VibrationElectricityForestry Studies in ChinaGeo-spatial Information ScienceHigh Technology LettersHunan Agricultural Science & Technology NewsletterInternational Journal of Plant Engineering and ManagementJournal of Beijing Institute of TechnologyJournal of Central South University of Technology（English Edition）Journal of China University of GeosciencesJournal of China University of Mining and TechnologyJournal of Chongqing University（English Edition）Journal of Coal Science & Engineering（China）Journal of Computer Science and TechnologyJournal of Electronics（China）Journal of Environmental SciencesJournal of Forestry ResearchJournal of Geographical SciencesJournal of Harbin Institute of Technology（New Series）Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology（Medical Sciences）Journal of HydrodynamicsJournal of Iron and Steel Research，InternationalJournal of Materials Science & TechnologyJournal of Nanjing Medical University（English Edition）Journal of Northeast Agricultural University（English Edition）Journal of Rare EarthsJOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITYJournal of Shanghai Second Medical UniversityJournal of Shanghai University（English Edition）Journal of Southeast University（English Edition）Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University（Englis Edition）Journal of Systems Engineering and ElectronicsJournal of Systems Science and ComplexityJournal of Traditional Chinese MedicineJournal of Tropical MeteorologyJournal of University of Science and Technology BeijingJournal of Wuhan University of Technology （Materials Science Edition）Journal of Zhejiang University（Science）Nuclear Science and TechniquesNumerical Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities English SeriesPedospherePlasma Science and TechnologyProgress in Natural ScienceRare MetalsReproduction & ContraceptionScience In China （Chemistry）SCIENCE IN CHINA （Earth Sciences）Science In China （Information Sciences）Science In China （Life Sciences）Science In China （Mathematics Physics Astronomy）Science In China （Technological Sciences）Semiconductor Photonics and TechnologyThe Chinese-German Journal of Clinical OncologyThe Journal of China Universities of Posts and TelecommunicationsTransactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsTransactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of ChinaTransactions of Tianjin UniversityTsinghua Science and TechnologyWuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences

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材料科学与工程英文论文

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