英语论文写作常用表达

英语关联词用法 英语关联词 —并列连词 1 并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系 用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week 2)连接分句:I went and she 可分别表示下列关系 1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe- less 2) 因果:so, for, therefore 3) 选择r, either…or, neither…nor 英语关联词 —并列连接词 2 4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also) 英语关联词 —关联词 关联词 用于引导从句 名词从句: He doesn't know what she 副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to 形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever 英语关联词 —连接词 1 关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键 连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分 1) that(无含义): I said that he was 2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don't know whether it is 英语关联词 —连接词 2 连接代词 1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和 定语 A who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the / I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语: Ask him which he 英语关联词 —关联词 3 C whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定 语: I wonder whose house that D what 做上面提及的各种成分: I don't know what I should What can be done 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语 We can't decide whom to We must decide what to I couldn't decide which to 英语关联词 —关联词 4 连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句 中做状语 1) how: That's how I look at 2) where: I don't know where he 3) when: Tell me when to use the 4) why: I'll tell you why you have to do 英语关联词 —关系词 1 关系代词 1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语 who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用 的介词): The man who spoke is my I don't know who he The man who I saw told me 2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me 英语关联词 —关系词 2 3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示 "某物的", 在从句中做定语: That's the man whose son is my The room whose window faces south is her The room of which the window faces south is her 英语关联词 —关系词 3 4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语: I like the picture which was taken in front of the main 5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注 意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法 A现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时: This is the best film that I've ever 英语关联词 —关系词 4 B先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, This is the last chance that you You are the only friend that I He told me all that he 英语关联词 —关系词 5 C 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时: much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, There's nothing in the world that can frighten D 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中 的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以 Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6 E人和事物/动物同为先行词时: The man and the horse that fell into the river were 6) 关系代词做介词宾语 A一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所 在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可 放在其所在的从句的句尾 Is this the car for which you paid a high price 英语关联词 —关系词 7 Is this the car which you paid a high price for Is this the car that you paid a high price for Is this the car you paid a high price for B介词during, except以及表示(从整体中) "分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关 系代词的前面: 英语关联词 —关系词 8 The years during which he was away were long years to He wrote many books, some of which C其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必 须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking 7)关系代词的省略 A关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is 英语关联词 —关系词 9 Bhat在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him He is not the man he was when I saw him 关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语 1)where 地点: That's one point where I'd like your 英语关联词 —关系词 10 2) when 时间: At the time when I saw him, he was 3) why 原因: That is the reason why I came so 4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did 英语关联词 —关系词 11 That was the first time (that) I saw The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/ where he 6)for which = why I don't the reason for which he 英语关联词 —关系词 12 7)on which = when The day on which she was born was 22 September,

英语写作中的常用句型汇总-113491-1-html第一部分 常用于引言段的句型的2类表达方式一、议论文常用句型 Itisafactthat… Itiswell-knownthat… Thereisnodoubtthat… Ithinkthat… Contrarytothepopularthought,Iprefer… Somepeoplesay/believe/claimthat… Itisgenerallybelievedthat… Itiswidelyacceptedthat… Itisargued/heldthat… Whileitiscommonlybelievedthat…,Ibelieve… Itcanbeconcludedthat… People’

国内一些较好的杂志，现在附了英文题目和摘要，目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果，各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念，present某个方法，propose某个主意，或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现，我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧，它不错；你说它对吧，又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说，只要中文摘要写得好，英文没有语法错，应该问题不大。　　写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说，比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章，但是，实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写，写是最困难的。不过， 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报，如果他认为尚可，就下周到讨论班上报告，听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后，交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿，最后由他过目，才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生，离截稿日期只有一周，甚至几天，还让我帮他修改，这当然几乎不可能，投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出，实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对，应该用at gate level。我不服，他说你到人家论文上去找例子，看有谁用on。我找不到，这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用，必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好，就尽量用简单句，不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜，要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子，可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学，我还是建议先写中文稿，至少写中文提纲，然后再写英文稿。当然，英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇，基本上可以用英文思考了，再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病，供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章，列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全，但我有研究生论文的例子。　　1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。　　2。如果不用复数，必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。　　3。逗号后面要空一格，句号后面空两格。少用;，：等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面，这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯，先说结论，接着是if如何如何。　　4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词，后面却是一个动名词短语，中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止，例如，。。。has very important 　　6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时，即使引用人家的文章也用现在时，不用现在完成时或过去时。　　7。不要滥用缩写，尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写，第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。　　以上内容来自辑文编译

[英语作文常用句型]在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。想不想试一试呢？一、开头句型我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。I．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．举一反三：1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life． Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．举一反三：1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can afford a car．2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．举一反三：1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing． 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinesefamilies can afford a car． 随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably some truth in both arguments ／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others ．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：TV，a good thing or bad thingWhen it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．二、结尾句型英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world．2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．

我现在上的E x say英语，ABC添下英与，Ekoyu口语也挺好，外教1对1课程，上下来英语整体水平以及口语的部份进步都挺大的，他们是快速英语速成教材，一对一家教式教学， 还使我拥有了美国人的思维，而且纠正了我的发音，推荐去听下他们的轻松试听课程，货比三家嘛。被动语句 ，定语从句，是最常用的 在像the more the more。这种句型 朋友其实这中事情还是要靠自己在下面积累，别人告诉的不一定适合你，你可以找一些范文把里面的精髓都给挑出来 做好笔记 比如好的句型 用的好的高级词汇 连词，短语，这些都是一边好作文的必备要素，都可以成为你作文中的亮点。加油！!