古诗词翻译论文英文文献

大家如今最认同的是辜鸿铭所翻译的汉文。 论中国古典诗词翻译中意境的传递摘要:中国古典诗词作为一种重要的文化载体,蕴含着中国历史文化的深刻内涵。由于意境在古典诗词创作和鉴赏中的重要作用,怎样在诗词翻译中传递它就成为一个重要议题。本文通过对比研究杨宪益夫妇和大卫・霍克斯在中国古典名著《红楼梦》的两个英译本中的诗词翻译,探讨了古典诗词在翻译中如何通过意境的传递保存和向国外读者介绍中国文化的特色美。 中国论文网 关键词:诗词翻译古典诗词《红楼梦》诗词意境 一、诗词意境及其翻译策略解析 1.1诗词意境 诗词意境是指作品中呈现的那种情景交融、虚实相生、活跃着生命律动的韵味无穷的诗意空间。如果典型是以单个形象而论的话,意境则是由若干形象构成的形象体系,是以整体形象出现的文学形象的高级形态。意境由两部分组成:一部分是 “如在目前”的较实的因素,称为“实境”;一部分是“见于言外”的较虚的部分,称为“虚境 ”。虚境是实境的升华,体现着实境创造的意向和目的,体现着整个意境的艺术品位和审美效果,制约着实境的创造和描写,处于意境结构中的灵魂、统帅地位。但是,虚境不能凭空产生,它必须以实境为载体,落实到实境的具体描绘上。总之,虚境通过实境来表现,实境在虚境的统摄下来加工。 1.2 翻译策略解析 早在1926年,闻一多先生在《晨报诗》上发表《诗的格律》,指出“诗的实力不独包括音乐的美、绘画的美,并且还有建筑的美”,提出“新诗格律化” 鲁迅也早已提到过:“《红楼梦》诗词翻译的理想标准是:……故其所函,遂具三美:意美以感心,一也;音美以感耳,二也;形美以感目,三也”。“国内外将中文诗词翻译为英法韵文的唯一译者”,“译林奇才”许渊冲先生曾说翻译唐诗要尽可能传达原诗的‘意美’、‘音美’和‘形美’……”, “这就是说,译诗要和原诗一样能感动读者的心,这是意美;要和原诗一样有悦耳的韵律,这是音美;还要尽可能保持原诗的形式(如长短、对仗等),这是形美。”许渊冲先生同时强调在翻译过程中“意美”的传达和再创造在三者中的重要性及核心地位:“‘三美’中最重要的是‘意美’,其次是‘音美’,再次是‘形美’。”正因如此,译入语中重新创造出跟原文相同或基本相同的意境来,就显得至关重要。 综上所述,学者专家一直强调“译味”,也就是神似,但笔者以为“译味”其实是传递“意境”,两者几乎是等同的。而在诗词翻译过程中,能否传递原作的‘意美’,‘音美’及 ‘形美’是传递原作意境的关键点,可以作为红楼诗词翻译的严格标准,其中‘意美’是重中之重。 二 、《红楼梦》诗词中意境的传递释例 2.1意美的传递 意美即诗的意象美。 “意象是指包含作家思想感情的诗歌形象,它是诗歌表情达意的最小单位”。而意境是由一个个意象构成的,它不但给人以想象的时空,而且激励人的情感,给人以启示。也就是说,在红楼诗词中,诗人描绘大自然景物时,善于捕捉典型“形象”入诗,“随物赋形,敷色设彩。”下面我们就此举红楼诗词的几个例子谈谈诗歌意美在英译中的传递。如林黛玉《题帕三绝》中的一首:“彩线难收面上珠,湘江旧迹已模糊;窗前亦有千竿竹,不识香痕渍也无?” 从总体看,此诗充满了哀怨、哀伤、凄惨、凄艳之“意美”,描述了黛玉多愁善感,常年流泪,其中“湘妃竹”的来历是相传舜帝死后,他的两个妃子娥皇、女英为纪念他长哭不已,所流的眼泪把湘江边的竹子染得斑斑点点,因此被成为“湘妃竹”,又称“斑竹”。黛玉多愁善感,常年流泪,又喜欢竹子,其居所潇湘馆前也种了许多竹子。因此她常以湘妃自况,别人也称她为潇湘妃子。此诗运用的意象有“彩线”,“面上珠”,“湘江旧迹”,“千竿竹”“香痕”,可谓字字含泪。让人不禁为黛玉这一寄人篱下、遭受人情冷暖,最终没盼到属于她的幸福的降临,而香消玉损、泪尽而亡的少女触怀感伤。在英译中这字里字外之“意”如何传达呢? 杨译:No silk thread can string these pearls; Dim now the tear-stains of those bygone years; A thousand bamboos grow before my window― Is each dappled and stained with tears? 霍译:Yet silk preserves but ill the Naiad’s tears: Each salty trace of them fast disappears. Only the speckled bamboo stems that grow Outside the window still her tear-marks show. 杨氏运用的意象主要有 “silk thread”,“pearls”,“Dim”,“tear-stains”,“bygone years”“ A thousand bamboos”,“tears”霍氏运用的意象主要有“silk”,“ill”,“Naiad’s tears”,“Each salty trace”,“the speckled bamboo stems”,“tear-marks”。本诗第一句“彩线难收面上珠”杨译为“:No silk thread can string these pearls;”,没有直接指明是谁的眼泪,读者借助注释可以找到答案。杨译基本上没对原诗做太大调整; 霍译为: Yet silk preserves but ill the Naiad’s tears: 在霍译中对原诗做了创造性的调整.Naiad’s tears是希腊神话中水泉女神“那伊阿得斯的眼泪”(Naiad’s tears),“尽管丝帕在手不停擦拭,但仍然不能擦干 “Naiad’s tears”,可见此译文传神的传达了林黛玉终日帕不离收,以泪洗面的意象。下半节“窗前亦有千竿竹,不识香痕渍也无?”主人公窗前的竹变成了“斑竹”,脸上的香痕即她的泪痕 “消失”时,竹子已经长成了斑竹,霍译的the speckled译文形象生动,同时Outside the window still her tear-marks show.简单的一词“her”更不着痕迹的传递了“香痕”的涵意,不免让人感怀封建社会黛玉的红颜薄命,引出无限惆怅和遐想。 2.2 音美的传递 中英两种语言在音调、音节诸方面有太多的差异,英语属音读语言,汉语则属声调语言,红楼诗词大多讲平仄,英语虽不讲但是英语诗词也强调“音美”,许渊冲先生认为,如果三者不可得兼,首先可以不要形似,。但无论如何,都要尽可能传达原文的意美和音美。可见,“音美”还是很重要的,在三者当中处于仅次于“意美”的地位,在具体翻译实践中虽然不必完全把汉语的音律、音节美再现出来,但是应该利用译入语英语的语音特点,比如节奏和音韵,再创出 “音美”。 比如《聪明累》是一首描写王熙凤一生聪明反被聪明误的曲子。其中 “枉费了,意悬悬半世心,好一似,荡悠悠三更梦。忽喇喇似大厦倾,昏惨惨似灯将尽。”其中“意悬悬”“荡悠悠”“忽喇喇”“昏惨惨” 呈现了王熙凤提心吊胆,心力交瘁,四个叠音词犹如节奏鲜明的跌拓起伏的舞曲,极具音乐性和戏剧性,让人想去凤辣子聪明伶俐却费尽心机;终日忙碌,红极一时到头来却一败涂地的讽刺性结局,嘲讽之余不免心生感伤。3.3形美的传递 “形美”即形式美。红楼诗词是内容与形式高度融合的有机统一体,因此在翻译中,形美并非无足轻重诗歌借形以传神,失其形即失其神。形式是传神达韵的重要辅助手段,形美就可以任意放弃,Perter Newmark在他的译论名著“Approaches to Translation”中说,“译者应注意原文的形式,用格姆布里奇的话来说,形式可以改变、提炼、表现思想。如果歪曲了原文的形式,就会在某种程度上歪曲了原文的思想。”红楼诗词诗词讲究诗句长短和对仗工整之美,比如《红楼梦》诗词也不例外。正册判词之钗黛判词:“可叹停机德,堪怜咏絮才,玉带林中挂,金簪雪里埋。”咏的是宝黛二人,此诗充分体现了我国古代诗词的工整之美。林黛玉与薛宝钗,一个是寄人篱下的孤女,一个是皇家大商人的千金;一个天真率直,一个城府极深;一个孤立无援,一个有多方支持;一个作判逆者知己,一个为卫道而说教。其中“可叹”对“堪怜”,“停机德”对“咏絮才”“玉带”对“金簪,“林中挂”对“雪里埋”。“停机德”是典顾,源于《后汉书・列女传》,描述乐羊子妻以停机并割断了织机上的经线来规劝丈夫不要半途中止学业, 故“停机德”指的是女子有德;“咏絮才” 同样是典顾,源于《世说新语・言语》,描写晋代谢道韫曾才思敏捷形神兼备地用“柳絮因风起”来比拟“白雪纷纷”,故“咏絮才”指的是女子有才。此诗第首句和末句暗指宝钗,第二和第三句暗指黛玉。两种版本的翻译如下: 杨译:Alas for her wifely?virtue, Her witto sing of willow-down, poor maid! Buried in snow the broken golden hairpin, And hanging in the wood the belt of jade. 霍译:One was a pattern of female virtue, One awit who made other wits slow. The jade belt in the green wood hangs, The gold pin is buried beneath the snow. 可以看出,两位译者在翻译过程中都用了很多心思,无论是高度忠实于原文的杨译版,还是跳出原文通过改译达到良好押韵效果的霍译版,都较准确的传达了原作的意境,如杨译和霍译分别用“wifely virtue”和“female virtue”来指代“停机德”,回避了典故,直译本义。对于第二句的翻译,杨译保留字面“Her wit to sing of willow-down, poor maid!”;霍译直译本义“One a wit who made other wits seem slow”。 两种译文在意境的传递上讲各有特色。但霍译四句中除了One a wit who made other wits slow.是九个英语单词,其它三句都是八个单词,杨译四句所用单词为5,7,9不等。杨译中难以找到对仗的单词而霍译前两句都用了One后两句用The jade ,The gold.统观全诗在译文的长短,对仗,工整上看,无疑霍译版在英译过程中,在不损害“意美”和“音美”的前提下,更好的保持了诗歌的形式美,“创造”出了一种符合英语语言特点的“形美”来。 参考文献: [1] Hawkes, David. The Story of The Stone[M]. London: Penguin Group,1973. [2]许渊冲.文学与翻译[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003. [3]钱钟书.管锥编[M].北京:中华书局, 1986. 作者: 刘嘉娟 天津开发区职业技术学院 本文摘自中国论文网，原文地址：谈如何翻译中国古典诗词的色彩美 李磊（钟恺农业工程学院外国语学院）中国古典诗词的美感在英译中的体现，英语翻译学论文

Wind live dust fragrant flower has done, the evening Juan Shutou. Wushirenfei everything off, first to tears flow language. Wen said Sungai spring is still good, but also to be pan-Qingzhou. Zhikong Sungai Zemeng boat, Zaibu Dong many worry about. Song Zhe Shouci is king Shaoxing five years (1135) the author of asylum made by Zhejiang Jinhua. When she was 53-year-old. At that time, she has been in the country Pojia death, dear husband died, most of lost collection of artifacts, themselves displaced foreign land, unsupported, so the word situation is extremely misery.The first sentence write to the current view, this is to wind Kuang Hua, a Qiqing, but avoid the wind from a positive description of the violent and spent the messy, but only with "the wind-lived dust," a word to show that this small The consequences of the catastrophe, the wind destroy flowers, Luo Hong Montreal, in which both, is a T by Yun. But the wind did not cease when Huapianfenfei, Luo Hong like rain, although a state, that there are Canhua; wind living, flowers have become mud, Ma Jian were riding, into dust, left traces, but there are dust Xiang, the spring has swept away empty, without all the more, the more the state.Therefore, the "wind-lived dust" words, not only implicitly, but because of subtle, but expanded the capacity to make more from the rich experience of the feelings. The sentence written as seen Rubi, it is by so. Rise has been high, never the first section, and although the "Phoenix platform Yi Chuixiao" China "together since Shutou Yong," meaning all the same, but that is from the Health and worry about, this is not a hate death, the depth of the other.3, 42, from the subtle and vertical straight into writing, all the misery Dianming, the origin is "Wushirenfei." This "Wushirenfei", is by no means accidental, individual, minor changes, but a very extensive and severe, with a fundamental and significant change of endless things, untold suffering , In which they "take everything," summed up. This, really, "a history of 17, where to start with" » So just want to say that DC has the tears. The former two, subtle; after two, Zhenlv. Implicit is the result of this situation have nowhere to be v.; Zhenshuai, because despite knowing nowhere to appeal, but still has to appeal. If it is the opposite, but in reality Xiang-cheng.风住尘香花已尽，日晚倦梳头。物是人非事事休，欲语泪先流。 闻说双溪春尚好，也拟泛轻舟。只恐双溪舴艋舟，载不动许多愁。 这首词是宋高宗绍兴五年（1135）作者避难浙江金华时所作。当年她是五十三岁。那时，她已处于国破家亡之中，亲爱的丈夫死了，珍藏的文物大半散失了，自己也流离异乡，无依无靠，所以词情极其悲苦。 首句写当前所见，本是风狂花尽，一片凄清，但却避免了从正面描写风之狂暴、花之狼藉，而只用“风住尘香”四字来表明这一场小小灾难的后果，则狂风摧花，落红满地，均在其中，出笔极为蕴藉。而且在风没有停息之时，花片纷飞，落红如雨，虽极不堪，尚有残花可见；风住之后，花已沾泥，人践马踏，化为尘土，所余痕迹，但有尘香，则春光竟一扫而空，更无所有，就更为不堪了。所以，“风住尘香”四字，不但含蓄，而且由于含蓄，反而扩大了容量，使人从中体会到更为丰富的感情。次句写由于所见如彼，故所为如此。日色已高，头犹未梳，虽与《凤凰台上忆吹箫》中“起来慵自梳头”语意全同，但那是生离之愁，这是死别之恨，深浅自别。 三、四两句，由含蓄而转为纵笔直写，点明一切悲苦，由来都是“物是人非”。而这种“物是人非”，又决不是偶然的、个别的、轻微的变化，而是一种极为广泛的、剧烈的、带有根本性的、重大的变化，无穷的事情、无尽的痛苦，都在其中，故以“事事休”概括。这，真是“一部十七史，从何说起”？所以正要想说，眼泪已经直流了。 前两句，含蓄；后两句，真率。含蓄，是由于此情无处可诉；真率，则由于虽明知无处可诉，而仍然不得不诉。故似若相反，而实则相成。

这个一言半语说不清，这种翻译很难。建议你看看辜鸿铭翻译的书，希望对您有所帮助！

Li Qingzhao, a famous female writer of Song dynasty. What do you know about her? What do you think about her? Li Qingzhao(1084.2.5.~1155.4.10), reputed as Yi an Jushi, is an outstanding female litterateur of South Song dynasty, born in Ji’nan of Shangdong province. At that time, female had little position in the society. Girls was required to be illiteracy. Her father was an open-minded official and gave her the chance to receive education. After her husband passed away, Li became melancholy. Her works mirrored her loneliness.To some extent, in the latter part of her life, Li Qingzhao was tortured by loneliness. Just read one of her poems: Tune:"A Twig of Mume Blossoms"--(Li Qing-zhao)The jade-like mat feels autumn's cold, Ichange a coatAnd'mid the fading fragranceOf lotus pink alone I boat.Will wild returning geese bring letters through the cloud?When they come, with moonbeamsMy west chamber's O'erflowed.As water flows and flowers fall without leaving traces,One and the same longing O'erflows two lonely places.I cannot get rid of this sorrow:kept apartFrom my eyebrows,It gnaws my heart.