哈姆雷特英英语毕业论文

哈姆雷特是具有新型世界观的文武全才,是朵举世瞩目的娇花,如果登上王位,自然是开明君主的典范。在他身上,寄托着国家与民族复兴的希望,体现出资产阶级对统一国家的理想。 哈姆雷特性格特征。 ⑴ 忧郁 A.忧郁之源----理想破灭 一系列伤天害理的事变突然发生,打破了他关于人生、世界、爱情、友谊、前途等一系列人文主义的幻想。 人类,并不美好,下贱的克牢狄斯一旦爬上王位,很多人对他阿谀逢迎,"如今诚实的人,一万个人中也没有一个! " 为了篡权,弟弟居然暗杀自己的哥哥 ---- "人,不过是泥土捏成的生命!" 人间,是长满恶毒莠草的荒原。 世界，就是一座大监狱,而丹麦,又是其中最坏的一间。 爱情,也不坚贞,父王死去不到两个月,母亲的孝鞋还没有穿旧,居然匆匆地改嫁奸王,钻进乱伦的衾被, 就是畜牲也会比这悲哀得长久些吧? 友谊,也不可靠,一个个好友,为了一己的私利,甘做奸王的暗探来窥视行踪;就连信誓旦旦的情人,也不自觉成为篡权者的工具。 纵目四望,奸王邪恶、群臣昏聩、朝廷腐败、上层堕落,这是一个颠倒混乱的时代! 理想破灭,使他承受不了这超负荷的压力,陷入于精神危机,产生了忧郁。 B.忧郁之深 深刻洞察力 ---- 他以哲学家的深刻洞察力,解剖现实,深揭被掩盖着的社会罪恶，使其忧郁积重难返。 继续探索 ---- 他在精神危机里继续进行精神探索,又发现更新,更严重的社会罪恶,这些新的罪恶又带来他忧郁的进一步升级,达到常人达不到的深度与广度。 C.忧郁之久 忧郁 ---- 贯穿剧目的始终。 从他穿着丧服登场,到古堡待父,到破相装疯,到戏中作戏,到后宫劝母,到海上窥奸,到墓场葬礼,到宫庭比武,一直到他最后毁灭,忧郁一直没有离开过他。 因而, 没有忧郁,也就没有哈姆雷特。 ⑵犹豫 A.犹豫原因 敌强我弱---- 他知已知彼,正确的估计了敌我力量的对比过于悬殊。 整个时代已经颠倒混乱, 而拯救者只有一个人, 那就是 "倒霉的我!"寄全部希望于自己,这样,以一人之力对抗整个社会,他深知这场斗争的长期性、艰巨性、复杂性和危险性,导致他行动的犹豫。 任务艰巨----既要为父报仇,又要扭转乾坤,一身二任。 这种独扭乾坤的重任与势孤力单的矛盾,只能产生"难扭乾坤"的哀叹: 一个任务尚且力不从心,何况两个?这就带来他行动的双重犹豫。 B.犹豫表现 拙于行动 ---- 他是哲学家而不是实干家,他敏于思索而拙于行动,他在没有切实可行、十拿九稳的办法之前,只会冥思苦想,他从思考到行动需要一个比常人更为复杂的过程。 不知如何行动 ---- 他决心行动而又不知如何行动, 他很不容易等到一个杀掉奸王的机会,克牢狄斯在祈祷,只需抽刀一击,就能为父报仇,然而,灵魂进入天堂还是滚入地狱的无用考虑又使他错过了这千载难逢的机会。 C.犹豫结果 等待时机,而时机不来,一旦到来,又坐失良机;幻想行动,却一拖再拖,空有报国之心,而无匡世之策,只落得个苦闷彷徨,忧郁犹豫。 结果,行动的犹豫,导致了他的毁灭。 4．哈姆雷特形象的意义: 哈姆雷特的毁灭， 向我们揭示了人文主义的时代悲剧。 客观上,阶级力量对比的悬殊，敌强我弱; 主观上，自身具有不可克服的忧郁、犹豫等弱点。 因而他的毁灭，不只是个人的原因，而是那个时代人文主义者不可超越的历史局限性所导致的。 主要人物：克劳狄斯、奥菲利娅 4、反映的16世纪末英国现实：动荡不安、危机四伏的国家；恶人当道、阴谋成风的朝庭；奸诈残暴、荒淫奢侈的统治者。――英国现实中存在的美好理想与丑恶现实之间的矛盾，号召人们为重整乾坤而斗争。 5、哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者。复杂的性格。有崇高的理想，和人类与世界新颖的看法。目光敏锐，思考深刻，又有高度的社会责任感。但过于内向，过于审慎，；加上势单力薄的处境，造成行动上的延宕。有行动的决心，而且不断督促自己，但最后只能与敌人同归于尽。 6、悲剧原因：哈姆雷特自身的心理弱点，也有罪恶势力过于强大的客观原因，是时代的悲剧，也是人文主义者的悲剧。 7、形象塑造手法：首先，塑造一个性格复杂的，发展变化的形象。其次，在发展中，内外双重矛盾过程中展示人物性格的复杂性和演变过程，用独白和旁白表现人物的思想矛盾，表现思考、认识与自责、怀疑。 8、克劳狄斯形象：封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，集封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。 9、哈姆雷特延宕的原因：首先，认为应该有正当的名分，必须让克的罪行得到证实并当众暴露；其次，自己的行动能否起到惩罚罪恶，重整乾坤的目的。 哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者的特点，性格发展的阶段性，延宕问题，精神分析学解释的再思考。《哈姆雷特》的艺术特点：情节的生动丰富，个性鲜明的人物形象，广阔的社会背景，多种艺术成分的融合。

Hamlet and Ophelia, by Dante Gabriel RossettiPrince Hamlet is the main character in Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet.Views of HamletPerhaps the most straightforward view sees Hamlet as seeking truth in order to be certain that he is justified in carrying out the revenge called for by a ghost that claims to be the spirit of his father. The most standard view is that Hamlet is highly indecisive, which is the view as proposed by Coleridge, and a number of other critics. "Shakespeare wished to impress upon us the truth, that action is the chief end to existence". The 1948 movie with Laurence Olivier in the title role is introduced by a voiceover: "This is the tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind."T.S. Eliot offers a similar view of Hamlet's character in his critical essay, "Hamlet and His Problems" (The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism). He states, "We find Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' not in the action, not in any quotations that we might select, so much as in an unmistakable tone...".Others see Hamlet as a person charged with a duty that he both knows and feels is right, yet is unwilling to carry out. In this view, all of his efforts to satisfy himself of King Claudius' guilt, or his failure to act when he can, are evidence of this unwillingness, and Hamlet berates himself for his inability to carry out his task. After observing a play-actor performing a scene, he notes that the actor was moved to tears in the passion of the story and compares this passion for an ancient Greek character, Hecuba, in light of his own situation:Hamlet reclines next to Ophelia in Edwin Austin Abbey's The Play Scene in Hamlet"O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!Is it not monstrous that this player here,But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,Could force his soul so to his own conceitThat from her working all his visage wan'd;Tears in his eyes, distraction in's aspect,A broken voice, and his whole function suitingWith forms to his conceit? And all for nothing!For Hecuba?What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,That he should weep for her?" […]Etymology of HamletHamlet’s name is one filled with meaning and controversy. The name Hamlet occurs as early as the tenth century. His name is easily derived in form from Belleforest and the lost play from Amlethus of Saxo, and remaining in this form is then derived from its Latin form of the old Jutish Amlethoe. From this point the name can be divided into sections with common meanings. In terms of etymology the root name of Hamlet is an Icelandic noun, Amlooi, meaning ‘fool.’ However this name is derived from the way that Hamlet acts in the play and is not in all actuality the true Etymology of the name since the meaning is found through the actions of Hamlet. The second way of translating the name is by analyzing the noun aml-ooi into ‘raving mad’ and the second half, amla into ‘routine’. Later these names were incorporated into Irish dialect as Amlodhe. As phonetic laws took their course the name’s spelling changed eventually leaving it as Amlaidhe. This Irish name was given to a hero in a common folk story. The route of this name is ‘furious, raging, wild.’ These are all meanings of which Shakespeare would have been aware of when deciding on the name for his longest play.[1]AsimovAnother view of Hamlet, advanced by Isaac Asimov in his Guide to Shakespeare, holds that his actions are attributable not to indecision, but to multiple motivations: his desire to avenge the wrong done to his father, coupled with his own ambition to succeed to the throne. The tragic error committed by Hamlet, in Asimov's view, is his overreaching wish to see Claudius damned, and not merely dead, which prevents him from killing Claudius at the opportune moment.Influence of the ReformationMarcellus, Horatio, Hamlet, and the Ghost by Henry Fuseli.It has also been suggested that Hamlet's hesitations may also be rooted in the religious beliefs of Shakespeare's time. The Reformation had generated debate about the existence of purgatory (where King Hamlet claims he currently resides). The concept of purgatory is a Catholic one, and was frowned on in Protestant England. It is possible that Hamlet's own logic ought to be taken seriously. Hamlet says that he will not kill his uncle because death would send him straight to heaven, while his father (having died without foreknowledge of his death) is in purgatory doing penance for his. Hamlet's opportunity to kill his uncle comes just after the uncle has supposedly made his peace with God. Hamlet says that he would much rather take a stab at the murderer while he is frolicking in the incestuous sheets, or gambling and drinking, so he could be sure of his going straight to Hell.Freudian interpretationErnest Jones, following the work of Freud, held that Hamlet suffered from the 'Oedipus complex'. He said in his essay "The Oedipus-Complex as An Explanation of Hamlet's Mystery: A Study in Motive":His moral fate is bound up with his uncle's for good or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to slay his mother's husband, whether this is the first or the second; the latter call is strongly "repressed," and therefore necessarily the former also.Interestingly, Harold Bloom did a "Shakespearean Criticism" of Freud's work in response.As a mirror of the audienceInnokenty Smoktunovsky as Hamlet in the acclaimed 1964 film by Grigori Kozintsev.It has also been suggested that Hamlet, who is described by Ophelia as "th’ expectancy and rose of the fair state, / The glass of fashion and the mould of form" (Act III, Scene i, lines 148-9), is ultimately a reflection of all of the interpretations possessed by other characters in the play—and perhaps also by the members of an audience watching him. Polonius, most obviously, has a habit of misreading his own expectations into Hamlet’s actions ("Still harping on my daughter!"), though many other characters in the play participate in analogous behaviour.Gertrude has a similar tendency to interpret all of her son’s activities as the result of her "o’erhasty marriage" alone. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern tend to find the stalled ambitions of a courtier in their former schoolmate’s behaviour, whereas Claudius seems to be concerned with Hamlet’s motivation only so far as it reveals the degree to which his nephew is a potential threat. Ophelia, like her father, waits in vain for Hamlet to give her signs of affection, and Horatio would have little reason to think that Hamlet was concerned with anything more pressing than the commandment of the ghost. And the First Gravedigger seems to think that Prince Hamlet, like that "whoreson mad fellow” Yorick, is simply insane without any need for explanation. Several critics, including Stephen Booth and William Empson have further investigated the analogous relationship between Hamlet, the play, and its audience.Nevertheless, over the last four centuries Prince Hamlet has become an icon in the entire western consciousness: the definition of what it means to be intelligent, and perhaps, fully human.Hamlet's parallels with other charactersOne aspect of Hamlet's character is the way in which he reflects other characters, including the play's primary antagonist, Claudius. In the play within a play, for instance, Gonzago, the king, is murdered in the garden by his nephew, Lucianus; although King Hamlet is murdered by his brother, in the Mousetrap , the regicide is a nephew, like Prince Hamlet. However, it is also worth noting that each of the characters in the play-within-a-play maps to two major characters in Hamlet, an instance of the play's many doubles:Lucianus, like Hamlet, is both a regicide and a nephew to the king; like Claudius, he is a regicide that operates by pouring poison into ears.The Player King, like Hamlet, is an erratic melancholic; like King Hamlet, he is poisoned via his ear while reclining in his orchard.The Player Queen, like Ophelia, attends to a character that is "so far from cheer and from [a] former state"; like Gertrude, she remarries a regicide.Hamlet is also, in some form, a reflection of most other characters in the play (or perhaps vice versa):Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras and Pyrrhus are all avenging sons. Hamlet and Laertes both blame Claudius for the death of their fathers. Hamlet and Pyrrhus are both seized by inaction at some point in their respective narratives and each avenges his father. Hamlet and Fortinbras both have plans that are thwarted by uncles that are also kings.Hamlet, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Osric and Polonius are all courtiers.Hamlet, his father, Bernardo, Marcellus, Francisco, Fortinbras and several other characters are all soldiers.Hamlet and his father share a name (as do Fortinbras and his father).Hamlet, Horatio, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Laertes are all students.Hamlet, his father, Gertrude and Claudius are all members of the Royal Family. Each of them is also killed by poison -- poison that Claudius is responsible for.Hamlet and Ophelia are each rebuked by their surviving parent in subsequent scenes; the surviving parent of each happens to be of the opposite gender. Both also enter scenes reading books and there is a contrast between the (possibly) pretend madness of Hamlet and the very real insanity of Ophelia.Hamlet, Horatio, Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Claudius are each "lawful espials" at some point in the play.