钢结构中英文杂志

In the past decade, the concept of a second-order or an advanced analysis has been described in various national design codes of practice such as the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifi- cation for Structural Steel Buildings ( 1986 ) and the Australia standards ( AS4100 1990 ) . Unlike the 1inear analysis where checking of member strength against instability and second-order effect is carried out by the element design formulas in the codes, the second-order analysis automatically includes the effects of these nonlinear terms. As aresult of this, stress, allowing for the second- order P-δand P-△ effects,can be automatically computed and compared with the factored yield stress, or the design strength, in the analysis so that the empirical approach to amplify the moment due to a large change of geometry becomes unnecessary, resulting in much convenience and accuracy. In addition, the second-order and advanced analysis--including various linear and nonlinear terms for a more accurate computation of member forces and moments-provides a much more effective and accurate means of assessing the strength, stability, and serviceability of a structure and is expected to be widely accepted by the engineer, provided that an effective and robust analysis method is available This "integrated design and analysis approach "is aimed at using a sophisticated second-order analysis to design practical steel frames fulfilling the design code requirements. A literature survey shows that typical second-order analysis methods ignore many important characteristics and requirements for practical design, including the member initial imperfection and its direction, consistency between the linear and the nonlinear models due to the need to use several elements per member for a second-order analysis, and loads along members. The proposed method includes these terms so that it can be used to directly design real and practical steel frames fulfilling the advanced analysis requirement. 中文：过去十年中，二阶或高等分析的概念在各种国内设计规范中被描述，例如结构钢建筑负载和抗性因子设计规格( 1986 ) 和澳大利亚标准 ( AS4100 1990 ) 。不同于线性分析用规范中的元设计方程来执行构件强度反不稳定性和二阶效应的检查，二阶分析自动地包括这些非线性条件的效果。结果是应力允许二阶P-δ和P-△效应，可被自动地计算并与屈服应力或设计强度相比较，以便在分析中不再需要因几何形状的巨变而扩大力矩的经验方法，结果更方便、精确。此外，二阶与高等分析--包括更精确的构件力-力矩计算的各种线性和非线性条件，并提供更有效和更精确的结构强度、稳定性和适用性估计方法，可望被工程师广泛接受，提供一个有效的分析法是可行的。"综合设计和分析进展"针对使用复杂的二阶分析去实施规范需要的应用钢框架设计。一篇文献调查认为典型的二阶分析法忽视了许多重要的特性和实践设计需要，包括构件初始不完整性和它的方向，线性和非线性模型之间的一致性因为需要对每构件几个元件作二阶分析，和沿构件的负载。建议的方法包括这些条款以便它能直接用于实现高等分析要求的设计和应用钢框架。

不懂去度娘下好不好，标准的中文核心，不懂就别乱说好不好《钢结构》杂志（月刊，CN11-3899/TF），由中国钢铁工业协会主管，中冶建筑研究总院有限公司和中国钢结构协会联合主办，创刊于1986年，1998年公开发行， 2015年9月，《钢结构》入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》，是我国钢结构专业领域的综合性科技期刊，具有导向性、系统性、实用性、创新性。《钢结构》杂志是中文核心期刊、中国期刊方阵双效期刊及冶金系统优秀科技期刊。钢结构的办刊宗旨为：面向经济建设，体现国家建筑技术政策，注重理论与实际并重，先进性与实用性共举，力促科技成果转化为生产力。以技术方针政策和技术发展趋向的指导性，推动科技工作发展的针对性，解决生产建设中重大技术问题的实用性，促进技术进步的创新性引导国内钢结构技术的发展。多年来，重点报道了钢结构各个专业领域的新理论、新技术、新工艺、新材料及大量工程实例，深受广大读者欢迎。杂志重点刊登钢结构领域中能代表学科发展水平的科研成果、学术论文、工程设计、技术创新、典型工程案例等，注重理论与实际并重，先进性与实用性共举；全方位展示钢结构在我国现代建筑技术发展中的重要地位和作用；体现国家建筑技术政策，引导国内钢结构技术的发展。本刊设置主要栏目有：科研开发、工程设计、标准规范、学术争鸣、加工制作、施工技术、防火与防腐、软件天地等。报道的专业范围包括：空间钢结构、高层钢结构、轻钢结构、钢结构住宅建筑、桥梁钢结构、钢-混凝土组合结构、特种钢结构（锅炉、塔桅、压力容器、海洋平台、生命线工程）、建筑用钢材、钢结构改扩建技术等。《钢结构》所载论文被中国科技文献数据库（CSTDB）、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库、中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国冶金文摘数据库等数据库收录，又被选为中国学术期刊（电子版）全文收录期刊，中国期刊网、科技部万方网上科技期刊群全文上网期刊，2002年荣获国家新闻出版总署“高社会效益、高经济效益”的“双效期刊”，入选“中国期刊方阵”。2015年9月，《钢结构》入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》。《钢结构》杂志作为钢结构专业领域的综合性科技期刊，其影响力与日俱增，杂志从2007年改为月刊后，期刊的各项评价指标也在稳步提升。《钢结构》杂志目前是钢结构专业领域唯一一本综合性期刊，报道的专业范围最广，发行量最大，是钢结构行业公认的主导期刊。2.期刊获奖及数据库收录情况《钢结构》所载论文被中国科技文献数据库（CSTDB）、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库、中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国冶金文摘数据库等数据库收录，又被选为中国学术期刊（电子版）全文收录期刊，中国期刊网、科技部万方网上科技期刊群全文上网期刊，多次被评为冶金优秀期刊，2002年被评为国家新闻出版总署“高社会效益、高经济效益”的“双效期刊”，入选“中国期刊方阵”。 2015年9月，《钢结构》入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》，成为中文核心期刊。

钢结构期刊是核心期刊，2014版核心期刊里面有

可以看看这个 呵呵 是 土木专业英语上的课文 building types and designA building is closely bound up with people，for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :industrial buildings and civil buildings .industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,education and other social activities .Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining industry ,the metallurgical industry ,machine building ,the chemical industry and the textile industry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well. Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly industrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we’re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .翻译：建筑类型和设计建筑物与人们有着紧密的联系，他为人们提供必要的空间，用以工作和生活。根据适用类型不同，建筑物可以分为两类：工业建筑和民用建筑。工业建筑包括各个工厂或工业生产所使用建筑，民用建筑是指那些人们用以居住，就业，教育和其他社会活动的建筑场所。工业建筑的厂房可用于采矿业，冶金工业，机械制造，化学工业和纺织工业等各类领域的加工和制造。厂房可分为两种类型：单层的和多层的。工业建筑也属于建筑的一种。但是，工业建筑与民用建筑所用的材料和建筑方式不同。民用建筑按使用可分为两大类：住宅建筑和公共建筑。住宅建筑要适应家庭生活。每个单位应包括至少三个必要客房：起居室，厨房和厕所。公共建筑可在政治，文化活动，管理工作和其他服务，如学校，写字楼，公园，医院，商店，车站，剧院，体育馆，宾馆，展览馆，洗浴池，等等。他们都有着不同的职能，这反过来又需要不同的设计类型。房屋是用以住人的. 其基本功能是提供住房的内容，但今天人们需要更多的住房内容。一个家庭在进入一个新的社区后将知道，现有住房不仅要符合其安全，健康和舒适等标准。还要考虑其附近是否有相应的配套设施，如食品市场，学校，商店，图书馆，电影院，以及社区中心等。在60年代中期住房最重要的价值是足够大的空间和方便的出入交通。大多数家庭会首选约半英亩面积土地的家庭住宅，这样将提供足够的空间的用以业余活动。在高度工业化的国家，许多家庭的首选是那种尽可能远离市中心商业圈的住房，即使距离上班地点不得不有一段距离。相当多的家庭首选是郊区的住房，因为他们的主要目的是要远离噪音，拥挤和混乱。拥有方便的公共交通使得距离不再是一个决定性因素，因为大多数人都是开着自己的汽车去上班了。人们现在主要感兴趣的是户型，房间的大小和卧室的数目。在工程项目开始之前，要做好建筑设计和施工流程,让人提前知道该建筑建成后是什么样子以及下一步应该做什么。在建筑设计中要特别重视房间的布局，其目的是提供最大的便利与可能的用途。在一个住宅建筑设计中，布局可考虑以下三个方面： “白天” ， “夜晚”和“服务”。必须注意这些空间区域之间的连通交流。 “白天”房一般包括餐厅，起居室和厨房，但其他房间可能会增加，如书房，并有可能成为一个大厅。起居室通常是最大的，往往是一个餐厅，也或可能有厨房、凹室等。 “夜间”房间包括卧室、客房。“服务”用房间包括厨房，浴室，储藏室 ，和厕所等。厨房和储藏室需设置在一起，以方便其房间功能的使用。此外，还必须考虑各种客房的朝向问题，当然最好尽可能的将那些经常使用的房间朝南设置。然而，在考虑到周围的环境和地点、道路等多方面因素，往往很难达到最佳要求。在解决这些复杂的问题，还必须按照当地城市规划条例所涉及的对公共设施，人口密度，建筑物高度，绿化面积，建筑红线等的要求，还要考虑到有相邻建筑的情况，等等。尽管工业建筑需要符合当地城市规划条例但很少有标准化的工业楼宇。现代厂房建筑的趋势是轻质、通风。一般的钢筋混凝土结构或钢结构的工厂，可以得到一个“跌”型脊屋顶，把窗户开向北以便使分布均匀的自然采光不会直射进来造成刺眼。