英文论文的研究问题与目标怎么写

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。

毕业论文的主要研究内容和目标特色：（一）论文名称论文名称就是课题的名字第一，名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么，研究的对象是什么交待清楚，论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致，不能太大，也不能太小，要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。第二，名称要简洁，不能太长。不管是论文或者课题，名称都不能太长，能不要的字就尽量不要，一般不要超过20个字。（二） 论文研究的目的、意义研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述，指出现实当中存在这个问题，需要去研究，去解决，本论文的研究有什么实际作用，然后，再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点，有针对性一点，不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括：⑴ 研究的有关背景(课题的提出)： 即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。 ⑵ 通过分析本地（校） 的教育教学实际，指出为什么要研究该课题，研究的价值，要解决的问题。（三） 本论文国内外研究的历史和现状（文献综述）。规范些应该有，如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括：掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得稜成果；寻找有待进一步研究的问题，从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点)、研究的特色或突破点。（四）论文研究的指导思想指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向，符合什么要求等，这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论，也可以是政府的教育发展规划，也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。

1、研究背景研究背景即提出问题，阐述研究该课题的原因。研究背景包括理论背景和现实需要。还要综述国内外关于同类课题研究的现状：①人家在研究什么、研究到什么程度？②找出你想研究而别人还没有做的问题。③他人已做过，你认为做得不够（或有缺陷），提出完善的想法或措施。④别人已做过，你重做实验来验证。2、目的意义目的意义是指通过该课题研究将解决什么问题（或得到什么结论），而这一问题的解决（或结论的得出）有什么意义。有时将研究背景和目的意义合二为一。3、成员分工成员分工应是指课题组成员在研究过程中所担负的具体职责，要人人有事干、个个担责任。组长负责协调、组织。4、实施计划实施计划是课题方案的核心部分，它主要包括研究内容、研究方法和时间安排等。研究内容是指可操作的东西，一般包括几个层次：⑴研究方向。⑵子课题（数目和标题）。⑶与研究方案有关的内容，即要通过什么、达到什么等等。研究方法要写明是文献研究还是实验、调查研究？若是调查研究是普调还是抽查？如果是实验研究，要注明有无对照实验和重复实验。实施计划要详细写出每个阶段的时间安排、地点、任务和目标、由谁负责。若外出调查，要列出调查者、调查对象、调查内容、交通工具、调查工具等。如果是实验研究，要写出实验内容、实验地点、器材。实施计划越具体，则越容易操作。5、可行性论证可行性论证是指课题研究所需的条件，即研究所需的信息资料、实验器材、研究经费、学生的知识水平和技能及教师的指导能力。另外，还应提出该课题目前已做了哪些工作，还存在哪些困难和问题，在哪些方面需要得到学校和老师帮助等等。6、预期成果及其表现形式预期成果一般是论文或调查（实验）报告等形式。成果表达方式是通过文字、图片、实物和多媒体等形式来表现

你是写本科论文吗？用英文写四五千字够了吧。开题报告就写你打算怎么开展论文就可以了，论文只要四五千字的话，开题就只要几百字足以，加上参考材料。第一部可以介绍英语标题，再罗列一些特点，比如简洁，用词新颖大胆，押韵，幽默等等。还可以再介绍一下造成这些特点的原因，从历史，经济，文化等角度。然后再列举一些标题产生歧义的例子，所产生的影响。举例的方式最好以历史发展进行推进。比如1930s，1950s,1990s以及现如21世纪。最后一部分就总结一下历史对标题的影响。这篇论文好写，就看你怎么举例了。最好能找到影响力大，具有代表性的。

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor一、课题背景及意义 （课题的立题依据及研究意义）Research Background:A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.Research Significance:As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 （课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向）Research Status:Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency:21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究内容及研究目标 （对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标）Research Contents:A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful2.4 Black Is Associated With AngerB. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and TimidC. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and LossD. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and DiseaseResearch Objectives:I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、预计的研究难点 （课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点）With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、创新点 （选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点）The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、进度计划 （根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排）1. Nov.16th — Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing2. Nov.23rd — Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering3. Dec.21st — Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline4. Jan.11th — Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review5. Feb.9th — Mar.14th, 2009 First draft6. Mar.15th — Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft7. Apr.11th — Apr.20th, 2009 Final version8. Apr.27th — May 14th, 2009 Printing9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate七、资料来源 （指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料）[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陈永烨．“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J]．《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7)．[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海：上海外语出版社,2002.[13] 邓炎昌，刘润清．《语言与文化》[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991．[14] 蒋栋元．“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]． 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3)．[15] 唐振华．“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J]．《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2).指导教师意见：（对课题的认可意见）指导教师年 月 日系（教研室）审查意见：系（教研室）主任：年 月 日

1. 目的 毕业论文是学生在校期间十分重要的综合性实践教学环节，是学生全面运用所学基础理论、专业知识和技能，对实际问题进行研究或设计的综合性训练。毕业论文旨在检验学生独立工作能力、分析和解决问题的能力、创新能力和科学精神。 毕业论文工作使学生在思想作风、工作态度、组织纪律和团结写作等方面受到良好的训练，为学生毕业后走向工作岗位做好准备。 毕业论文的写作和答辩过程是检验我院本科教学质量的一个重要指标，也是我院建设专业特色的一个表现。我院论文写作和指导工作本着严格把关、诚信公平的指导原则，强调学生的实际语言写作能力及口头表达能力，培养学生的基础科研能力。2.要求毕业论文要求学生综合运用理论知识、实践技能来解决本专业的实际问题。为确保毕业论文的质量，学院在毕业论文前将做好专业课程设计、毕业实习等实践教学环节的安排。在毕业论文中注意因材施教，开拓学生的知识面，重视开发学生的创造力。具体要求包括：（1）对资料、信息的获取及独立分析的能力，本专业外文的阅读和翻译能力；（2）综合运用所学知识和技能解决实际问题的能力；（3）较好地掌握本门学科的基础理论和基本技能及进行方案论证的能力；（4）使用计算机（包括索取信息、数据处理、多媒体软件应用等）的能力；（5）撰写论文的能力，开题报告、文献综述、论文答辩时的口头表达能力；（6）培养学生的创新意识和创新精神。