桥梁毕业论文外语翻译

弹性分组环（ RPR ） ，也称为的IEEE 802.17 ，是一个标准的设计，优化运输的数据流量超过光纤环。它的设计是要提供的应变能力，发现在SONET / SDH的网络（ 50ms保护），而是设立面向电路连接，提供一个基于包的传输。这是为了提高工作效率的以太网和IP服务。RPR的工程，一个概念，双反旋转环所谓的几厘米。这些从几厘米到成立，创造了RPR站节点的交通是要下降，每流（流是侵入和出口的数据流量） 。 RPR的用途MAC （媒体访问控制协议）的讯息，以直接的交通，这两个方向的导线周围的冷力。该节点也进行谈判，为它们之间的带宽使用的公平算法，避免交通挤塞及未能跨越。避免失败的跨越是通过使用其中的两种技术被称为“督导”和“包装” 。督导下，如果一个节点或跨度是打破所有节点通知拓扑的变化和他们重新路由他们的交通。在包装的交通是环回在最后的节点前休息和路由到目的地站。所有的交通环是分配一类的服务（部门主管） ，并且该标准规定在3班。 A级（或高）的交通是一个纯粹的税务局局长（承诺信息速率）和旨在支持应用需要低延迟和抖动，如语音和视频。 B级（或中等）的交通是一个混合既是一个税务局局长和审查机构（过剩的信息率-这是符合公平排队） 。 C级（或低）是最好的努力，交通，利用带宽，无论是可用的。这主要是用来支持互联网接入的交通。另一个概念RPR的是什么是被称为 “空间再利用” 。由于RPR的“带”的信号，一旦到达目的地（不同的SONET / SDH upsr环，在该带宽是消耗左右整个环），它可以重复使用获释空间进行额外的交通。该RPR的标准还支持使用学习桥梁协会（ IEEE 802.1d ），以进一步提高效率，在点，以点对多点的应用和VLAN标记协会（ IEEE 802.1 ） 。有一个缺点， RPR技术是它并没有提供空间复用的框架传输到/从MAC地址不在场，在环形拓扑结构。这是正在处理的第1项修正案在IEEE 802.17b 。在空间上知道子层（ SAS ）的是一个可选层被界定的IEEE 802.17b 。这使得空间重用框架传输到/从MAC地址不在场，在环形拓扑结构。这是一个延伸到弹性分组环标准。

助读系统是语文教材的重要组成部分，它架起了教材、教材编辑者和使用者三者之间沟通的桥梁。助读系统的设计体现了教材编写者对教师教学和学生学习方向和重点的引导，因此它是一套语文教材价值和特色的重要体现。The reading-support system is an important part of the Chinese textbooks. It builds the communicating bridges amount the textbooks, textbook editors and the users. The reading-supportsystem’s design reflects on the textbook editors on teachers’ teaching, the students' learning direction and is the key point guidance. Therefore, it is an important reflection on the Chinese textbooks and their characteristics. 助读系统的建立使语文和生活的关系更进一步，拓展了教学内容。新课标强调学生自主学习能力的培养，因此对助读系统的编辑提出了更高的要求。The creation of the reading-support system has further improved the relationships between the Chinese language and our everyday life, which has also expended the teaching content. The new curriculum emphasizes on the cultivation of the students’ independent learning ability. Therefore, it demands even higher requirement from the reading-support system’s editing. 目前我国语文教材助读系统的研究虽然取得了一定的成果，但不是很令人满意，还存在着不足之处。而中美两国语文教材助读系统比较研究会有助于两者互相借鉴学习，尤其有助于我国语文教材助读系统设计的优化，所以比较研究中美语文教材助读系统既有理论价值，也有重要的实践价值。At present, although the reading-support system of our country’s Chinese textbook has gained a certain degree of achievements, it is not yet satisfactory and it is still imperfect and the reading-support system of the language teaching material in China and the United States' comparison seminar, which would help for both to learn from each other. Especially help to optimize the design ofour country language teachingmaterials’ reading-support system. Therefore, the Chinese and American textbook materials’ comparison seminar not just has its theoretical value but also with an important practical value as well. 谢谢你的求助，希望会令你满意。

Reading-support system is an important part of Chinese textbooks, it has set up a bridge of communication among teaching materials ,textbook editors and users. Textbook editors have designed reading-support system in the purpose of leading teachers of their teaching and students of their studying direction, so it has been an important manifestation of the value and characteristics of a set of language teaching materials.The settlement of reading-support system has improved the relationship betweeen language and life and also extended our content of courses. The new curriculum stress students' self-learning ability and thus request more for the editing of reading-support system. Though we have achieved some success in reading-support system of Chinese textbooks, it's not enough , there are still many weaknesses. And comparision between Chinese and American textbooks of reading-support system may contribute to the two of their promoting,especially to our optimization. So comparision of the two is not only theory valued but also practice valued.