学术论文用语

一、时态时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时需要注意的语法In recent years作时间状语时通常要用完成时In recent years,Plesch and coworkers have concluded that many so-called cationic polymerizations do not proceed through intermediates of an ionic nature.二、数词数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可以下是需要注意的语法不规则变化的单复数单数复数criterion criteria依据phenomenon phenomena现象medium media介质radius radii半径index indices指数appendix appendices附录stimulus stimuli刺激basis bases基础2synthesis syntheses合成matrix matrices基体Novel biomaterials with improved,specific biological action are being developed using polymers that are responsive to environmental stimuli.一些数有特殊性的名词data,kinetics通常作复数名词research,work：不可数名词The data in Table1are obtained from the reactions at different temperatures.The kinetics of polymerization within each droplet are the same as those for the corresponding bulk polymerization.Much research has been done to redirect the tropism of retroviruses by engineering the envelope glycoprotein.Most research on poly(ortho esters)has focused on the synthesis of polymers.一些结构的数<；主谓的统一>one of复数名词单数none of复数名词复数none of单数名词/不可数名词单数no复数名词复数no单数名词/不可数名词单数a kind of单数名词单数this/that kind of单数名词单数these kinds of复数名词复数复数名词of this/that kind复数sort与kind类似a type of单数名词单数a series of复数名词复数a class of复数名词复数the number of复数名词单数a number of复数名词复数Ara-C is one of most important antitumor agents,especially used in the treatment of various leukaemias.One of possibilities for enhancing the pharmacological properties is to link it to a carrier. Biocompatibility is one of the main criteria for the selection of a particular biomaterial.3 Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of most rapid advancing areas of science in which chemists are contributing to human health care.Several models have been proposed but none appear to be generally applicable.None of the presently used ones are applied rigorously.Thus far no studies have conclusively demonstrated long-term value of any of the cardiac gene therap approaches.This type of termination is often referred to as spontaneous termination.A number of polymer backbones that are potentially degradable are detailed in the text.The number of mechanisms which have been proposed to explain the stereopecificity of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.*The number of复数名词：整个做主语时谓语应为单数；但此句的动词have是从句的谓语而从句是形容mechanisms.在其它的从句谓语中也是同样如:One of the mechanisms which have been……A series of telomers reported in table1were then synthesized.A diverse range of mechanisms have been developed.Polymers are a promising class of biomaterials that can be engineered to meet specific end-use requirements.The most important class of poly(amides)for controlled release are the poly(amino acids).The majority of poly(anhydrides)are prepared by melt-condensation polymerization.A wide variety of natural and synthetic polymers have been used to fabricate tissue-engineering matrices.后面通常要用复数名词对可数名词而言various differentmost all many severalone of many ofkinds ofa number of the number ofa(wide)variety of a class ofa series of a wide range ofDozens of different types of receptors are present on the average mammalian cell