国内一些较好的杂志,现在附了英文题目和摘要,目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果,各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念,present某个方法,propose某个主意,或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现,我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧,它不错;你说它对吧,又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说,只要中文摘要写得好,英文没有语法错,应该问题不大。写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说,比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章,但是,实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写,写是最困难的。不过, 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报,如果他认为尚可,就下周到讨论班上报告,听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后,交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿,最后由他过目,才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生,离截稿日期只有一周,甚至几天,还让我帮他修改,这当然几乎不可能,投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出,实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对,应该用at gate level。我不服,他说你到人家论文上去找例子,看有谁用on。我找不到,这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用,必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好,就尽量用简单句,不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜,要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子,可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学,我还是建议先写中文稿,至少写中文提纲,然后再写英文稿。当然,英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇,基本上可以用英文思考了,再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病,供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章,列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全,但我有研究生论文的例子。1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。2。如果不用复数,必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。3。逗号后面要空一格,句号后面空两格。少用;,:等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面,这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯,先说结论,接着是if如何如何。4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词,后面却是一个动名词短语,中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止,例如,。。。has very important value.6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时,即使引用人家的文章也用现在时,不用现在完成时或过去时。7。不要滥用缩写,尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写,第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。以上内容来自辑文编译
of the suite were placed round the walls with a forbidding
在科学文章写作中,简明扼要是非常重要的。我们整理了一些学术文章的常用句子结构,帮您更轻松地起草论文。论文的摘要定义了研究的范围和目的,并简要描述了结果和结论。引言部分则对研究进行总体介绍,定义研究问题,确定可能存在的差距和矛盾之处,并明确指出研究目的和目标。此外,材料和方法部分提供了有关实验设置,数据收集方法和所用统计测试的详细信息。结果和讨论部分描述了重要的发现,并将其与以前的研究进行比较。论文最后则对全文进行了总结,并对进一步的研究进行展望。以下是一些有用的短语列表,帮您撰写引人入胜的引言:1. This study/investigate/paper aims to…2. Prior research investigations/surveys discuss/present/highlight…3. Several studies suggest that..4. In the course of the experiment, xyz played an important role5. These methods were based on previously reported techniques..6. After a series of investigations, it was found that..7. Preliminary studies highlight the fact that…8. An xyz test was used to determine the significance of the data9. Data suggested a significant increase in..10. Statistical analysis was performed using xyz test11. The key findings that emerge from the study are..12. This image/graph/table suggests that..13. A further novel finding from this study was..14. The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate three things.15. There was a significant increase in..16. Similar findings were reported by xyz.17. Because of these potential limitations..18. There are several limitations to the technique..19. This is particularly important when investigating the following.20. From the above findings, the authors conclude that…
为了让sci论文顺利发表,科研工作者在翻译SCI论文时,一定要注意语态和时态,尤其是时态使用出错的话,很容易造成文章歧义。如果因此引起拒稿实在遗憾,那么这里学术堂就给大家整理了一些关于时态和语态的使用技巧。
1、写作时态英语谓语动词时态共有16种,不过在英文科技论文中使用较多的主要是三种:即一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。
正确地使用动词时态是科研写作的基本功,我们在撰写英文论文时,如不能正确选用时态,常常会改变文章所要表达的意思,从而影响评审专家与读者的理解。
在科技论文中正确使用时态
应该把握以下三个基本要点:
1)一般现在时:主要用于不受时间限制的客观存在事实的描述,或发生或存在于写论文之时的感觉、状态、关系等的描述或致谢的表述等。值得注意的是,出于尊重,凡是他人已经发表的研究成果作为"previously established knowledge",在引述时普遍都用一般现在时。
2)一般过去时:用于写论文中作者自己所做工作的描述。例如在描述自己的材料、方法和结果等问题时使用。
3) 一般将来时:用于撰写论文之后发生的动作或存在的状态。例如提出下一步的研究方向。
2、一般在科技论文当中,最常采用的语态是被动语态。如:A new approach is put forward in the paper that-/Conclusion can be drawn from the experiment that-不难发现,被动语态相对于主动语态,优势更多:
1)科技论文常常需要介绍客观的、不以人的意志为转移的研究过程、实验结果等方面内容。使用被动语态可以给人更加客观真实之感。
2)使用被动式可以避免提及动作的施动者,这样反而使研究动作有了更广泛的普遍性。
3)由于被动语态的特殊结构,使其在句子结构调节方面有着更大的灵活性,有利于在添加短语结构、扩充句子信息的同时保持句式的工整平衡。
1.正反观点式议论文模板导入:第1段:Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould...(导入话题)Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.(观点有分歧)正文:第2段:Mostofthestudentsareinfavourofit.(正方观点)Herearethereasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)第3段:However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.(反方观点)Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace...What’smore...Inaddition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)结论:第4段:Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoreharmthangood,soIsupportit.(个人观点)オ2.“A或者B”类议论文模板:导入:第1段:SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.正文:第2段:TherearemanyreasonswhyIpreferA.Themainreasonisthat...Anotherreasonisthat...(赞同A的原因)第3段:Ofcourse,Balsohasadvantagestosomeextent...(列出1~2个B的优势)结论:第4段:Butifallthesefactorsareconsidered,AismuchbetterthanB.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthat...(得出结论)オ3.观点论述类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavourofthedecision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.(过渡句,承上启下)正文:第2段:Firstofall...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)结论:第3段:Inconclusion,Ibelievethat...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)4."Howto"类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文:第2段:Manywayscanhelptosolvethisseriousproblem,butthefollowingmaybemosteffective.Firstofall...Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemis...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)结论:第3段:Thesearenotthebestbuttheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakeactionto...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
英语写作常用十大句型
英语写作都有哪些常见句型呢?下面就让我为大家讲解一下吧。
一、否定句
许多否定句不含not的否定结构。如果论文作者能正确使用他们,就会增加写作的闪光点,使文章显得生动活泼。
1、Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息,而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
2、On no account (Under no circumstances)can we ignore the immense value of knowledge. 我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。
3、College students take part-time jobs not formore money but fora better understanding of societies.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱,而是为了更好地了解社会。
4、One’s salary doesnot depend so much on his educational background ason his ability and contribution to the society.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。
5、In terms of nutrition, fast foodis far from satisfactory.从营养角度来说,快餐远非令人满意。
6、Parentswould not expect their children to become useful persons withoutworking hard. 父母们不能指望孩子们不经过刻苦努力就可以成才。
二、非限制性定语从句
如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明,就可以用到非限制性定语从句。
1、Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality,whichis of vital importance to their developmentin the future. 毫无疑问,实用性课程可以用于实际中,这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。
2、Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻,这在有时是危险和有害的。
3、The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
三、让步句
让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一,作者务必掌握以下4种用法,可以使英文句子起伏跌宕,富于变化。
1、This view is widely acknowledged;however,there is little evidence that smoking isbeneficial topeople’shealth.这个观点被广泛认可,然而,几乎没有证据表明吸烟对人们健康有利。
2、Although(Whilst)the computer has been widely used in class, it cannot replacethe role of teachers. 尽管计算机已经广泛用于课堂,但是它不能取代教师的作用。
3、Reasonable asthe opinion sounds, it cannot bear much analysis. 虽然这个观点听起来有道理,但是它经不住分析。
4、In spite of a lot of conveniences thatcars bring to people’s life, it can create a series ofserious problems.尽管汽车给人们的生活带来了许多便利,但是也产生了一系列严重的问题。
四、It引导的句子
It引导的句子是写作中使用频率最高的句式。作者应熟练掌握其用法,并能灵活运用到文章的开篇、主体段和结尾段中。
1、It is hard to imagine whatour life would look like without computers in modern society. 很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机,我们的生活会变成什么样子。
2、It is conceivable thatbeing physically active does good to health. 可想而知,积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。
3、It is a highly controversial issue whetherwomen should join the armed forces or not. 女性是否应该参军是一个非常有争议的问题。
4、It is universally acknowledged thatwater and air are indispensable to human beings.人们普遍认为,水和空气对人类不可缺少。
5、It is essential thatendangered species of animalsbeprotected against
being killed. 保护濒危的动物物种免遭残杀是必需的。
6、It is high time thatthe government took effective measures to solve these problems.该是政府采取有效措施来解决这些问题的时候了。
7、It has been made easier for modern peopleto communicate with each other by theinternet in a few seconds.现代人很容易通过互联网在几秒钟内就取得联系。
8、It is worth caring about the way a child behaves.关心孩子们的行为方式是值得的。
9、It is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。
10、It has been a few decades sincethe computer came into being.自从计算机问世以来已经有几十年的时间了。
五、假设句
假设句可分为真实假设句和非真实假设句两种。常用在主体段落表示正、反论证。
1、If we destroy old buildings, thenwewill ruin the traditionalculture andheritage.如果我们推倒老房子,就要破坏传统的文化和遗产。
2、Youwouldmiss the chance to interact with other studentsif you used internet at home. 假如你在家上网,你就会失去与其他同学交流的机会。
3、Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the danger of
being unemployed.一旦你变换了现在的工作,就面临着失业的危险。
六、倒装句
在写作中恰当和准确地使用倒装句,有助于句子表达形式的多样化,使语言更加生动有力。
1、Only in this way can the problem be tackled properly. 只有这样才能妥善地解决这个问题。
2、Only whenchildren take arduous efforts canthey become successful. 只有当孩子们付出艰苦的努力他们才能获得成功。
3、Not only does studying in school serve academic purpose, butstudents learn how to handle interpersonal relations. 在校学习不仅为了学术目的,而且还可以学会如何处理人际关系。
4、Under no circumstancesshould youngsters follow negative informationon mass mediablindly.青少年决不应当盲从大众媒体上的不良信息。
5、So valuable iswater that we cannot afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
6、Nowadays,most dangerous for youngsters isthe tendency to indulge in playing PC games.如今对青少年最为危险的事情是倾向于过多地玩电脑游戏。
七、强调句
写作时为了突出句子的某一成分,常常使用强调句。
1、It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal species.正是为了维持生态平衡,人类才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种。
2、It is not untilpeople suffer from some fatal diseases such as SARS and AIDS thatthey are becoming aware of how significant it is for the government to invest more money in medical care.
直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时,才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。
3、Nothing in the world is more valuable than health.世界上没有比健康更重要的了。
八、比较句
正确地使用比较结构可以使文章的句式增加变化,有利于提高写作成绩。
1、Studies show that juvenile delinquency rates are twice as high foryoungsters from single-parent families as for those in traditional households.(同级比较)研究表明来自单亲家庭的青少年犯罪率是来自传统家庭的两倍。
2、Generally speaking, people in modern times enjoy less leisure time than they did previously.(比较级)一般说来,现代人比过去享有更少的休闲时间。
3、Compared with those with different abilities, children with intelligence do more well in their school work and intelligence tests. 与不同能力的孩子相比,聪明的孩子在学业和智力测验方面表现更加突出。
4、Contrary to pop stars, other professionals like doctors and teachers create the true value for theirsociety.与明星不同,其他专业人员如医生和教师为社会创造了真正的价值。
5、Airis to humanwhat (as)water is to fish.空气对人类就如同水对鱼一样。
九、插入语
插入语是对一句话做一些附加说明或解释。最常见的位置于句中,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。用得恰当,不仅可以增加字数,而且使文章更显地道和精彩。
1、Computers,most important of all,create wide communication around the world. 最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
2、Providing more parking areas,in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in manylarge cities in the world.从长远的利益来看,提供更多的停车位证明是许多世界大城市切实可行的出路。
3、Observing local culture,consciously and unconsciously,can reduce the chance of offendingthe locals, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even conflict. 无论是否意识到,遵循当地的文化可以减少冒犯当地人的机会,否则,就会导致尴尬甚至冲突。
4、Space exploration, some people believe,will bring some unexpected discoveries. 有人相信空间探索将会带来意想不到的发现。
十、原因句
几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或者可以写原因。议论文的讲道理实际就是说明原因。因此,掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的。
1、Violent films can do harm to young people,because they contains numerous negative information.暴力影片对年轻人是有害的,因为其中包含大量负面信息。
2、Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal extinction.野生动物灭绝的主要责任在人类。
3、We should attribute(ascribe)medical advances tothe animals which do substantial contributions to the experiment.我们应该把医学的发展归因于动物对实验做出的巨大贡献。
4、Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one of the most serious problems.由于人口过剩,水短缺已经成为一个最严重的问题。
5、Owing to the fiercecompetition in today’s world, a great many young people find themselves under great pressure.由于当今世界的激烈竞争,大量的'年轻人承受巨大的压力。
对于上述“十大句式”,具备以下显著特点:
1.“十大句式”具有普遍性。事实上,“十大句式”在阅读文章和写作范文中出现频率相当高,也是广大科研人员非常熟悉的句式。可以说,句句皆是万用的。一旦科研人员熟练地掌握了它们的用法,就能根据内容表达的需要,随时派上用场。用句夸张的话来说,就是“不怕写不到,就怕想不到”。
2.“十大句式”的提出基本符合最新科技论文写作评分标准中对句子结构的要求。“十大句式”中除了否定句、倒装句、插入语一般可以写成简单句以外,其它6到7句都属于复合句,占到总数的三分之二以上。换句话说,如果科研人员能运用十大句式正确地写出句子,那么不仅复杂句的数量就可以达到6到7分规定的要求,而且句式呈现多样化,复合句和简单句交错使用,以增强文章表达效果。
3. 增强科研人员句式的写作意识。“十大句式”对科研人员来讲,并不陌生,然而在写作考试中,由于时间紧迫,科研人员平时又缺乏运用已经掌握的句式的意识,因此多数科研人员以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之,往往想不到运用这些句式。
4. 多数感觉句子写起来挥洒自如的科研人员,其中或多或少地在使用十大句式,在一定程度上说明他们头脑中已经培养起句式写作潜意识。
总之,句式变换直接影响到论文写作的成败。在此,衷心希望“十大句式”能为广大科技论文科研人员提供一条快速、高效的提高句式写作的途径,真正做到学以致用,“以不变应万变”
一.开头句型 1. As far as...is concerned就……而言 2. It goes without saying that...不言而喻,...... 3. It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说...... 4. As the proverb says, 正如谚语所说的, 5. It has to be noticed that...必须注意到,...... 6. It's generally recognized that...普遍认为...... 7. What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是...... 8. There's no denying the fact that...不可否认...... 9. Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比......更重要 10.Today, ..., which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ... Second, ... What makes things worse is that...现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是…… 二.衔接句型 1. A case in point is ...一个典型的例子是...... 2. As is often the case,... 正如通常情况下,...... 3. As stated in the previous paragraph, 如前段所述, 4. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore,... 但是问题并非如此简单,所以,…… 5. But it's a pity that...但遗憾的是…... 6. For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... 7. Further, we hold opinion that...此外,我们坚持认为...... 8. However , the difficulty lies in...然而,困难在于...… 9. Similarly, we should pay attention to...同样,我们要注意...... 10. In view of the present station, 鉴于目前形势, 11. As has been mentioned above, 正如上面所提到的, 12. In this respect, we may as well say...从这个角度上我们可以说...... 13. However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即 …... 三.结尾句型 1. I will conclude by saying...最后我要说…... 2. Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此,我们有理由相信…... 3. All things considered,总而言之, 4. Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此,在我看来,更可取的是…... 5. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that… 通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论...… 6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 通过数据我们得到的结论是...... 7. It can be concluded from the discussion that...从讨论中可以得出......的结论 8. From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来,如果……也许更好 四.举例句型 1. Let's take...to illustrate this.让我们用......来阐明这一点。 2. let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.让我们用以上图标做例子来阐明这一点。 3. Here is one more example.还有一个例子。 4.Take… for example. 以......为例。 5.This offers a typical instance of…. 这为......提供了一个典型的例子。 6. We may quote a common example of…. 我们可以引用一个关于......的常见例子。 五.常用于引言段的句型 1. Some people think that…. 有些人认为…... 2. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说,我不能同意他们的意见,理由如下。 3. For years,… has been seen as …, but things are quite different now. 多年来,……一直被视为……,但现在的情况有很大的不同。 4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点的…... 5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。 6. Along with the development of…, more and more…随着……的发展,越来越多…... 7. There is a long-running debate as to whether...关于是否......有着个长期的辩论。 8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…. 普遍/广泛认为…... 9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言,我完全同意前者/后者。 10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前,我想有必要看看双方的论据。 六.表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. A和B完全不同。 2. A and B are different in every way / respect / aspect.A和B在每方面都不同。 3. A and B differ in… A和B在......方面不同。 4. A differs from B in... A在......方面和B不同。 5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in… A和B的区别在于...... 6. Compared with/In contrast to A, B…. 和A比起来,B...... 7. While it is generally believed that A…, I believe B… 虽然普遍认为A......,但是我认为B...... 8. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.尽管它们有相似性,但是A和B也是不同的。 9. Both A and B…. However, A…; on the other hand, B… A和B都......然而,A......;另一方面,B...... 10. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 最显著的区别是A......,然而B...... 七.演绎法常用的句型 1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 对于......有几个原因,但一般地,他们可以归结为三个主要原因。 2. There are many factors that can account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 有许多因素能够解释......,但以下是最典型的因素。 3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。 4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。 5. The reasons are as follows.原因如下。 八.因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.因为我们读过这本书,所以我们学到很多。 2. If we read the book, we will learn a lot.如果我们读这本书,我们会学到很多。 3. We read the book;as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot. 我们读了这本书,因此我们学了很多。 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于读了这本书,我们已经学到了很多。 5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.超重的原因是吃得太多。 6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.超重是由于吃得太多。 7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.吃太多的结果是超重。 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.吃太多导致超重。 早检测论文查重系统我祝大家顺利通过~~~
Cover letter中文叫做投稿信,是在投稿的时候写给编辑的信,作用跟古时候拜访人家用的拜帖有点相似。如果把期刊编辑形容成住在高墙大院里的名门望族,那投稿人就是希望给伯乐相中的无名小辈,这么说来拜帖一定要精致醒目有特色。不过如果作者已经是业内大牛了,估计投稿信是可以随意一些的。 虽说文章能不能发表靠的还是科研价值本身,但是投稿信也是很重要的。在现在发表的文章越来越多,权威期刊不缺稿源的情况下,责任编辑做的是择优录用,先淘汰掉一部分感觉上价值不大的稿件。如果投稿信没有含什么有用的信息,文章一眼看上去又没有太多吸引力,一些责任编辑就会很快做出拒稿决定。当然用的是非常委婉的说法,拒稿信用的也是统一模板。比如: Thank you for submitting your manuscript, referenced below, to <期刊名>. “文章标题” We have examined your paper, and conclude that it is not suitable for this Journal. It is our consensus that a specialized journal in this area would bring your paper to the attention of a more interested audience. This is not a judgement on the technical quality of your manuscript. Sincerely yours, 但是实际上,这篇第二天就被责任编辑拒稿的文章其实符合期刊发表的研究方向,因为有几篇相关的文章就是发表在该期刊上。不过被拒了也就拒了,再去辩解也毫无意义。不过好奇之下,还是去google了一下责任编辑的背景,主要是做光学的,跟文章所属的电磁方向虽然是一大类,但还是有所区别。再回头看那个投稿信,用的就是以前的模板,只是用两句话简要介绍了一下文章的主要结果。模板如下: Editor,Mr./Dr.Dear editor, We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “<文章标题>”, which we wish to be considered for publication in <期刊名>. There are couplers of results in this paper may be found interested by the general readers. <然后文章的主要结果> Thank you very much for considering our manuscript for potential publication. Best wishes. 虽然投稿信也用两句话说明了一下文章结果的价值,但是在这种责任编辑只是大同行的情况下, 如果这两句话不能打动他,那么他就不一定能够认同文章的价值,就会直接作出拒稿的决定。 所以在重新投其他的期刊的时候,就意识到原先投稿信的分量还不够,还要加上一段文字说明为啥文章适合发表在该期刊上。上个月就有一个影响因子还不错的期刊的编辑给大家发了一个邮件,明确说明了,要是在投稿信里面没有加上这些文字,文章会被直接拒稿。 最能反映适合程度的当然是列出自己已经在该期刊上发表的文章,然后说明这两篇文章是有相关性的。如果没有过往记录呢,找出几篇该期刊最近2,3年发表的,被引用次数还不错的文章列举上去也是很有用的。5年前甚至10年前的就不要列了,因为现在期刊的scope都在不断地调整中,以前的热门方向,也许现在期刊已经看不上了。投稿信加上了这部分之后,重投了另外一个影响因子相当的期刊,文章很快被送审,很快给录用了。虽然不一定是投稿信带来的差异,但是还是愿意在心里认为投稿信也是要用心去写的。 不过也要记住,投稿信不要写得太长,最好在一页内把重要的东西说清楚。写得太长,编辑也会没有耐心看的。 有些人建议在投稿信中把推荐的审稿人也加上。这个视情况而定,如果期刊投稿的时候本身就要求填写几个推荐的审稿人,那么就不用占用投稿信的空间了。但是如果投稿系统没有这一项的话,那在投稿信加上会更好一些。提供的信息可以是审稿人的头衔、姓名、地址和电子邮件。记得多次确认一下,电子邮件是人家有效的而且是常用的。 如果有其他更多关于投稿信的问题,可以来英论阁,这里有全面的指导。而且从期刊选择,文章 英文润色 到发表支持全程一站式服务。
不知道我们大家有没有订过英文的报纸,如果有,那么你有留意报纸的不同之处吗?接下来,我给大家准备了英文报刊常用术语,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英文报刊常用术语
accredited1 journalistn.特派记者
advertisementn. 广告
advancen.预发消息;预写消息
affairn.桃色新闻;绯闻
anecdote2n.趣闻轶事
assignmentn.采写任务
attributionn.消息出处;消息来源
back alley3 newsn.小道消息
backgroundingn.新闻背景
Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里
bannern.通栏标题
beatn.采写范围
blankvt.“开天窗”
bodyn.新闻正文
boilvt.压缩(篇幅)
boxn.花边新闻
briefn.简讯
bulletinn.新闻简报
byline4n.署名 文章
caption5n.图片说明
caricaturen.漫画
carryvt.刊登
cartoonn.漫画
censor6vt.审查(新闻稿件),新闻审查
chartn.(每周流行音乐等)排行榜
clippingn.剪报
columnn.专栏,栏目
columnist7n.专栏作家
continued story连载 故事 ,连载小说
contributing editor特约编辑
contributionn.(投给报刊的)稿件,投稿
contributorn.投稿人
copy deskn.新闻编辑部
copy editorn.文字编辑
correctionn.更正( 启事 )
correspondence column读者来信专栏
correspondentn.驻外记者,常驻外埠记者
covervt.采访,采写
cover girln.封面女郎
covert8 coverage9隐性采访,秘密采访
cropvt.剪辑(图片)
crusaden.宣传攻势
cutn.插图 vt.删减(字数)
cut linen.插图说明
dailyn.日报
datelinen.新闻电头
deadlinen.截稿时间
digvt.深入采访,追踪(新闻线索),“挖”(新闻)
digestn.文摘
editorialn.社论
editorial office编辑部
editor's notes编者按
exclusiven.独家新闻
exposen.揭丑新闻,新闻曝光
extran.号外
eye-accountn.目击记,记者见闻
faxed photo传真照片
featuren.特写,专稿
feedbackn.信息反馈
filen.发送消息,发稿
fillern.补白
First Amendment10(美国宪法)第一修正案(内容有关新闻、出版自由等)
five "W's" of news新闻五要素
flagn.报头,报名
folo (=follow-up)n.连续报道
Fourth Estate第四等级(新闻界的别称)
freedom of the Press新闻自由
free-lancern.自由撰稿人
full position醒目位置
Good news comes on crutches11.好事不出门。
grapevinen.小道消息
gutter12n.中缝
hard news硬新闻,纯消息
headlinen.新闻标题,内容提要
hearsay13n.小道消息
highlightsn.要闻
hot news 热点 新闻
human interest人情味
in-depth reporting深度报道
insertn.& vt.插补段落,插稿
interpretative reporting解释性报道
invasion of privacy侵犯隐私(权)
inverted14 pyramid倒金字塔(写作结构)
investigative reporting调查性报道
journalism15n.新闻业,新闻学
Journalism is literature in a hurry新闻是急就文学.
journalistn.新闻记者
killvt.退弃(稿件),枪毙(稿件)
layoutn.版面编排,版面设计
leadn.导语
libeln.诽谤(罪)
makeup16n.版面设计
man of the year年度新闻人物,年度风云人物
mass communication大众传播(学)
mass media大众传播媒介
master headn.报头,报名
median.媒介,媒体
Mere17 report is not enough to go upon.仅是传闻不足为凭.
morguen.报刊资料室
news agency通讯社
news clue新闻线索
news peg18新闻线索,新闻电头
newsprintn.新闻纸
news value新闻价值
No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息,不闻凶讯便是吉
nose for news新闻敏感
obituary19n.讣告
objectivityn.客观性
off the record不宜公开报道
opinion poll民意浏验
periodicaln.期刊
pipeline20n.匿名消息来源
popular paper大众化报纸,通俗报纸
pressn.报界,新闻界
press conference新闻发布会,记者招待台
press law新闻法
press release新闻公告,新闻简报
PR man公关先生
profilen.人物专访,人物特写
proofreadern.校对员
pseudo event假新闻
quality paper高级报纸,严肃报纸
quarterlyn.季刊
readabilityn.可读性
reader's interest读者兴趣
rejectvt.退弃(稿件)
remunerationn.稿费,稿酬
reportern.记者
rewritevt.改写(稿件);改稿
round-upn.综合消息
scandaln.丑闻
scoop21vt.“抢”(新闻) n.独家新闻
sensational22a.耸人听闻的,具有轰动效应的
sex scandal桃色新闻
sidebarn.花絮新闻
slant23n.主观报道,片面报道
slink ink“爬格子”
soft news软新闻
sourcen.新闻来源,消息灵通人士
spike24vt.退弃(稿件),“枪毙”(稿件)
stonevt.拼版
storyn.消息,稿件,文章
stringern.特约记者,通讯员
subheadn.小标题,副标题
supplementn.号外,副刊,增刊
suspended interest悬念
thumbnailn.“豆腐干”(文章)
timelinessn.时效性,时新性
tipn.内幕新闻,秘密消息
trimn.删改(稿件)
updaten.更新(新闻内容),增强(时效性)
watchdogn.&vt.舆论监督
weeklyn.周报
wire servicen.通讯社
在科学文章写作中,简明扼要是非常重要的。我们整理了一些学术文章的常用句子结构,帮您更轻松地起草论文。论文的摘要定义了研究的范围和目的,并简要描述了结果和结论。引言部分则对研究进行总体介绍,定义研究问题,确定可能存在的差距和矛盾之处,并明确指出研究目的和目标。此外,材料和方法部分提供了有关实验设置,数据收集方法和所用统计测试的详细信息。结果和讨论部分描述了重要的发现,并将其与以前的研究进行比较。论文最后则对全文进行了总结,并对进一步的研究进行展望。以下是一些有用的短语列表,帮您撰写引人入胜的引言:1. This study/investigate/paper aims to…2. Prior research investigations/surveys discuss/present/highlight…3. Several studies suggest that..4. In the course of the experiment, xyz played an important role5. These methods were based on previously reported techniques..6. After a series of investigations, it was found that..7. Preliminary studies highlight the fact that…8. An xyz test was used to determine the significance of the data9. Data suggested a significant increase in..10. Statistical analysis was performed using xyz test11. The key findings that emerge from the study are..12. This image/graph/table suggests that..13. A further novel finding from this study was..14. The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate three things.15. There was a significant increase in..16. Similar findings were reported by xyz.17. Because of these potential limitations..18. There are several limitations to the technique..19. This is particularly important when investigating the following.20. From the above findings, the authors conclude that…
1.正反观点式议论文模板导入:第1段:Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould...(导入话题)Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.(观点有分歧)正文:第2段:Mostofthestudentsareinfavourofit.(正方观点)Herearethereasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)第3段:However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.(反方观点)Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace...What’smore...Inaddition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)结论:第4段:Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoreharmthangood,soIsupportit.(个人观点)オ2.“A或者B”类议论文模板:导入:第1段:SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.正文:第2段:TherearemanyreasonswhyIpreferA.Themainreasonisthat...Anotherreasonisthat...(赞同A的原因)第3段:Ofcourse,Balsohasadvantagestosomeextent...(列出1~2个B的优势)结论:第4段:Butifallthesefactorsareconsidered,AismuchbetterthanB.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthat...(得出结论)オ3.观点论述类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavourofthedecision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.(过渡句,承上启下)正文:第2段:Firstofall...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)结论:第3段:Inconclusion,Ibelievethat...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)4."Howto"类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文:第2段:Manywayscanhelptosolvethisseriousproblem,butthefollowingmaybemosteffective.Firstofall...Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemis...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)结论:第3段:Thesearenotthebestbuttheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakeactionto...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
一、明确积累素材的目的论说文不再像高中议论文一样,举一个例子,给一个观点,就能得到理想分数。论说文更注重的是观点与论证内容的贴合性。考生们一定要走出误区——背故事就是积累素材。现实情况不是这样的,我们在论说文中举的所有例子都需要贴合文章的立意,只需写下强调立意的内容即可,而不是为了背故事而机械记忆。那我们积累素材的目的是什么呢?一是为了拓宽眼界,拓展看问题的角度,也就是学习别人是如何表述观点的。二是信息的有效输出,提升自己的信息吸收和有效整理能力,把所见企业、人物等例子用自己的话整理下来,形成写作中的素材。二、形成日积月累的意识不要刻意花费时间去记忆、去背诵,而是在潜移默化中进行有效积累。每日多看一些评论性质的文章,热点新闻的报道,学习一下别人是如何表述问题的;多了解一些原理效应,如企业管理原理、认知原理、具有普遍性的社会规律;适当积累与时俱进的名言警句,如“创新、改革、良好心态、学习”等。每日都积累,闲来无事翻翻看看,形成一种意识,在写作时自然行云如流水。读书有三到,谓心到,眼到,口到。用心方可突破写作难关,注重日常积累将会在考场上助你一臂之力。
In my opinionI think
以下是 英文写作翻译频道为大家整理的《英语议论文常用写作句型》,供大家参考。更多内容请看本站 写作翻译 频道。 一、开头句型 我们常说,良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此,作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。 在写议论文时,你通常以什么样的方式开头呢?最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说——直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点,点出文章的中心思想。 I....has both advantages and disadvantages.……既有利又有弊。例如: 1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages. 2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. 3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. 举一反三: 1.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages. 2....has many advantages.For example,...However,just as every coin has two sides,...has its disadvantages.(本例将利弊分开讲,转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。) II....play(s)an important role /part in...……在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用。例如: 1.Computers play an important role in science and technology. 2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life. Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies. 3.Education plays an important part in developing our mind. 4.Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness. 举一反三: 1.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life. 2.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now ,telephone,email,fax have taken their place. III.With the development of...,随着……的发展,例如: 1.With the development of our economy,m any Chinese families can afford a car. 2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious. 3.With the rapid development of science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home. 4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed. 举一反三: 1.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious. 随着中国人口的急剧增加,住房问题越来越突出。 2.With more and more women entering society,people's attitude towards women is changing. 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会,人们对妇女的态度也在改变。 3.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up,an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car. 随着中国改革开放的深入,越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。(“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外,还可以用an increasing number of, a growing number of,a significant number of,a great number of等来表达。) 本结构看似固定,实则富于变化,只要记住with有“随着”的意思,相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。 我们已经看到,开门见山的开头使论文直切主题,直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时,就显得有欠缺,因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法,然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。 IV.When it comes to...,some people think /believe that...,others argue /claim that opposite /reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments /statements,but...当说到……,有些人认为……,但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理,但……。 本结构先用when it comes to ...引出话题,再用some...others ...这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点,然后说There is some truth in both...表明严谨公正的态度,最后用but...很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子: TV,a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV,some people believe that it is extremely valuable,as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education. Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities.There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society. 二、结尾句型 英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one /a word,generally speaking等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。 V....take measures to do sth.例如: 1.We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world. 2.We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams. 3.The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse. 4.Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks. 常用句型二 一,开头句型 1.As far as ...is concerned 2.It goes without saying that... 3.It can be said with certainty that... 4.As the proverb says 5.It has to be noticed that... 6.It`s generally recognized that... 7.It`s likely that 8.It`s hardly that... It’s hardly too much to say that... What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是 There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认 Nothing is more important than the fact that... what’s far more important is that... 二,衔接句型 A case in point is ... As is often the case... As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单,所以…… But it’s a pity that... For all that...In spite of the fact that... Further, we hold opinion that... However , the difficult lies in... Similarly, we should pay attention to... not(that)...but(that)...不是,而是 In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势 As has been mentioned above... In this respect, we many as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说 However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即 三,结尾句型 I will conclude by saying... Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that... Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable... It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论 From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好 四,能句型 Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明 let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this. It’s remains to be further studied... There’s question is how... so that, so...that... 正式的英文写作.切忌不要使用“I”“You”“We”等等主观的称谓! The most common mistakes: 1. Use of questions. If you use a question it means you are questioning and not proving your point. Questions are best to be left out of essays because they are very passive and sometimes make holes in your essay. When you confront a question, turn it into a statement: Example:"What do you think that person should do?" Change to: "The person should do the following things to solve his/her problem." 2. Use of "and so on" &"etc." You can't put these in a formal essay. You must either identify what the "so on" and "etc" are or else just name three examples. The reader knows that you cannot possibly list every example or situation, but if you use "so on" and "etc" you are using non-formal language. Example: There are many types of religions in society: Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and so on. Change to: There are many types of religions in society such as Judaism, buddhism, Christianity, Jehovah Witnesses and Hinduism. 3. Using "I" When writing a formal essay, you cannot use "I think" "I feel"(and other "I" type statements. Instead, use words like "one" and phrases like "the reader" or "the audience." The reason we do this is, first, the reader knows you wrote it and also that it is your opinion; therefore, "I" is not needed. It is not formal language to say I think, plus it is not needed. Examples:"I think t hat cats are better than dogs." Change to: Cats are better than dogs. Take out all the I thinks, in my opinion, I will show, I will prove and any other personal phrases. Instead, make them into more general statements. 4. Use of "You" "Your" "We" "Us" "Our" Please do not use these words in a formal essay. Not only are they not formal language, but readers may be insulted if the author of the paper insinuates that "You"/"We" do something. It brings too personal of an approach to the writing and can make the reader uncomfortable. Examples: I think/ In my opinion Change to: more general statements I think War is a pointless activity. War is a pointless activity. You/Your Change to:A person/ people/ His/ Her/ One/ One's You think that reading is boring. One may think that reading is boring. Our/ We/ Us change to: His/ Her/ People We all have to work together for a better society. people need to work together in order to create a better society.高考英语作文常用词语和句型 一.开头用语: 良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时,通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求,点出文章的中心思想。 1.议论论文: A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages. B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient. C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,... D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside. E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life. F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view. 2. 书信: A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar. B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job... C. Thank you for your letter of May 5. D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9. E. How nice to hear from you again. 3. 口头通知或介绍情况: A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make. B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you. C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you. 4. 演讲稿: A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health. B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest. 二.并列用语:as well as, not only…but (also), including, A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life. B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture. C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French. D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication. 三.对比用语:on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures. B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though. C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun. 四. 递进用语:even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location. 五. 例证用语:in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life. B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education. 六. 时序用语:first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays, A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee. B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. 七. 强调用语:especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all , A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. B What in the world/on earth are you doing? 八. 因果用语:thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to... A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales. B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations. 九. 总结用语:in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters. B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted. 常用句型 (一)段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, …… Second,……What makes things worse is that……. 4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。 Nowadays,it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides,…… 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,…… 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 ……has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that……while. Obviously,……but why? (二)中间段落句 1. 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of……t the same time,they say…… 2. 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example,……Worst of all,……. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是…… ……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,……What's more, ……Most important of all,…… 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can…… 5. 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面, Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to……. For one thing,For another, 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly……. 7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于…… Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to ……. 8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as …… 9. 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下: I fully agree with the statement that ……because……. (三)结尾句 1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that …… 2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future. 3. 但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)…… But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…… 4. 就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…… 5. 随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you…… 7. 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,…… 8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find…… 9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…… 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is……
如果韩语论文里需要放调查问卷和数据分析,就放在上图的“文章主体”部分即可。关于每章应该放哪些内容,更详细的内容可以参考:今天用更简单的方式告诉你一篇韩语论文怎么写?接下来是可支撑资料少的问题,解决方式当然是继续找资料,当看了足够多的资料,思路自己会涌出来,挡都挡不住。足够多的意思一般是指10篇+NO.2知网上下载的论文,可以直接复制吗,但为什么数字和英文复制不下来,要么是乱码的?首先要明确,知网上下载的资料,可以复制下来,可以编辑。打开界面左上角的大写T字位置,点击后,就可以实现复制;编辑比较简单,主要注意使用CTRL+F调出查找替换功能,用替换“段落标记”,的方法,就可以使编辑效果事半功倍。数字和英文复制效果不好的问题。两个有效方法,一是在右下角点击网页,放大显示倍数,提高识别清晰度,一是识别后的英文和数字处要进行手动错字排查。识别效果太差还可以用ocr软件识别,推荐。ABBY fine reader12,中文韩文都可以识别。NO.3每次去找导师都很快进入尬聊,不想去了怎么办?教授指导也是论文过程中的一部分,不去见是不可能的。如果可以提高每次见导师的效率,就可以少去很多趟。第一.多做内容。比如,去确定选题时就不要只带一个题目,把除了题目以外,大纲内容也都带过去,可以节省教授的主题理解时间,也可以让他更快的判断这个选题的可行性。大纲和题目定完后,主要任务就是写正文。所以如果一口气写好初稿,再去找教授,中间就能省下很多趟。第二.为指导过程录音。这样回来之后可以反复听,不会因为没听清要求再去问。去之前打开手机录音就可以。此外,多与别人交流。不是一有问题就去找教授问。因为你遇到过的问题,别人几乎都遇到过,前人已经都有现成的答案,你只需要拿来用。别人可以是上届前辈,可以是同期同学,也可以是论文交流的社群群友。如果没有上届的电子版,找到学校下发的论文要求文件,对照着挨个项目进行排版。NO.4 先行研究太难了,我的韩语又不是特别好,很多资料看不懂,怎么办?先行研究的基本样式:分段总结别人的同主题文章+适当归类+最后概括。概括可以摘取重点内容,用表格的方式展现。直接看韩语有困难,先找类似主题的中文资料看,了解该主题的主要内容和背景知识,再看韩语会简单些。写句子有困难,不确定的地方先用中文来替代,把整体思路先誊写下来,剩下别的困难都是浮云。NO.5 我还有20天就要参加初审了,全篇可能写不完,怕到时候没有资格,现在还没开始,怎么办?问题很笼统,看初审标准是什么,对症下药。提高效率,参照前一篇推文的资料整理方式,节约时间。
具体要看期刊杂志社的要求,
论文的书写格式规范化要求分类: 职称论文发表 论文本身由论文题目、作者、中文摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献等几部分组成。1.论文题目:简明、确切地表述研究的对象和内容,一般不超过25个字,可分两行书写。2.作者:处于论文题目正下方,须写明院系、专业、年级、班别、学号、姓名。3.摘要:摘要应反映文章的主要观点,重点表述研究内容及结论,必须重点突出、文字简练,中文摘要字数不超过300字。4.关键词:要符合学科分类及专业术语的通用性,并注意与国际惯例一致,中文关键词限制在3~8个。5.正文:论文的主体。论文须符合学术论文的格式,正文要标明各级标题,设计合理,文稿中应采用规范化名词术语。6.参考文献:必须是本人真正阅读过的,应选用公开发表的资料。以近期发表的学术期刊文献为主,图书类文献不能过多,且要与论文内容直接相关,参考文献应按文中引用出现的顺序列全。二、论文的排版格式规范化要求1.版面尺寸:A4(210×297毫米)。2.装订位置:左面竖装,装订位置距左边界0毫米。3.版芯位置(正文位置):按照A4纸张默认格式。4.页码:采用页脚方式设定,采用五号Time New Roman,处于页面下方、居中。5.论文题目:三号黑体,居中。6.作者:论文题目下隔一行,居中,采用小四号仿宋体,7.中文摘要和中文关键词:用五号仿宋体、两端对齐方式排列。8.正文文本:宋体小四号、标准字间距、行间距为1.25倍行距、所有标点符号采用宋体全角、英文字母和阿拉伯数字采用半角的要求排版,采用多级符号版式。如:一级标题用阿拉伯数字(1、2、3 ……)标引,采用四号黑体并缩进4个字符排列;二级标题缩进4个字符并用阿拉伯数字(1.1、1.2、1.3 ……)标引,字体采用小四号黑体。9.文中图表:所涉及到的全部图、表,不论计算机绘制还是手工绘制,都应规范化,符号、代号符合国家标准,字体大小与正文协调,手工绘制的要用绘图笔,图表名称和编号准确无误。10.参考文献:位于正文结尾后下隔2行,“参考文献” 四字左对齐,采用宋体小四号加粗;具体参考文献目录按五号宋体、靠左对齐、阿拉伯数字标引序号([1]、[2]……)的方式排列。三、论文书写、排版、打印规范化要求样式论文题目(采用三号黑体,居中)(隔一行)(仿宋体小四号,居中)院系 专业名称 年级 班别 学号 学生姓名(隔一行)中文摘要:(仿宋体五号)关于高等教育改革体制问题的思想观念问题,……。关键词:(仿宋体五号)(隔一行) (正文用宋体小四号)当前,在教学领域中,……。1 教学思想 (黑体四号,左对齐)1.1 有关关系的处理(黑体小四号, 缩进4个字符)(正文用宋体小四号)在知识传授与能力和素质培养的关系上,树立注重素质教育,融传授知识、培养能力与提高素质为一体,……。在理论与实践的关系上,树立理论联系实际,……。参考文献(宋体小四号加粗,左对齐)参考文献的著录格式如下:(顶格,连续编号,宋体,五号,单倍行距。请注意标点符号)连续出版刊物:[标引 序号]作者. 文题[J]. 刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.专 著:[标引 序号] 作者. 书名[M]. 出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码.译 著:[标引 序号] 作者. 书名[M]. 译者. 出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码.论文集:[标引 序号] 作者. 文题[A]. 编者. 文集[C] . 出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码.学位论文:[标引 序号]作者. 文题[D]. 所在城市:保存单位,年份.专 利:[标引 序号] 申请者. 专利名[P]. 国名及专利号,发布日期.技术标准:[标引 序号] 技术标准代号. 技术标准名称[S].技术报告:[标引 序号] 作者. 文题[R]. 报告代码及编号,地名:责任单位,年份.报纸文章:[标引 序号] 作者. 文题[N]. 报纸名,出版日期(版次).在线文献(电子公告):[标引 序号] 作者. 文题[EB/OL]. http://… ,日期.光盘文献(数据库):[标引 序号] 作者. 文题[DB/CD]. 出版地:出版者,出版年(注:作者不超过3人的全部写出,超过3人的只写前3名,后加“等”或“et al”;英、美、德、俄等国人名书写时,应姓前名后,名用缩写;中国人名不用缩写。)例如:[1] 邹东涛.社会主义市场经济学[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.第30-31页.具体如下:1.连续出版物〔序号〕主要责任者.文献题名[J] .刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号) :起止页码.例如: 〔1〕毛峡,丁玉宽.图像的情感特征分析及其和谐感评价[J] .电子学报, 2001,29(12A) :1923-1927.[2] Mao Xia, et al. Affective Property of Image and Fractal Dimension[J]. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals.U.K,2003:V15 905-910.2.专著〔序号〕主要责任者.文献题名[M] .出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.例如:[3] 刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18 ,31.3.会议论文集 〔序号〕主要责任者.文献题名[A]‖主编.论文集名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.例如:[4] 毛 峡.绘画的音乐表现[A] .中国人工智能学会2001年全国学术年会论文集[C] .北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2001:739-740.4.学位论文〔序号〕主要责任.文献题名[D] .保存地:保存单位,年份.例如:[5] 张和生.地质力学系统理论[D] .太原:太原理工大学,1998.5.报告〔序号〕主要责任.文献题名[R] .报告地:报告会主办单位,年份.例如:[6] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力容器的LBB分析[R] .北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997.6.专利文献 〔序号〕专利所有者.专利题名[P] .专利国别:专利号,发布日期.例如:〔7〕 姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[P] .中国专利:881056078,1983-08-12.7.国际、国家标准〔序号〕标准代号,标准名称[S] .出版地:出版者,出版年.例如:[8] GB/T 16159—1996,汉语拼音正词法基本规则[S] .北京:中国标准出版社,1996.8.报纸文章〔序号〕主要责任者.文献题名[N] .报纸名,出版日期(版次).例如:[9] 毛 峡.情感工学破解‘舒服’之迷[N] .光明日报,2000-4-17(B1).9.电子文献〔序号〕主要责任者.电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型] .电子文献的出版或可获得地址,发表或更新的期/引用日期(任选).例如:〔10〕王明亮.中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的[EB/OL] .外国作者的姓名书写格式一般为:名的缩写、姓。例如A. Johnson,R.O.Duda引用参考文献类型及其标识说明如下:根据GB3469规定,以单字母方式标识以下各种参数文献类型,如表2.1:
论文格式1、论文格式的论文题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、论文格式的目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、论文格式的内容提要: 是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、论文格式的关键词或主题词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题分析,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。(参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》)。 5、论文格式的论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: a.提出问题-论点; b.分析问题-论据和论证; c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤; d.结论。 6、论文格式的参考文献 一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期) 英文:作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。按照上边的论文格式来写,可以使你的论文更加容易被读者了解,被编辑采纳。