cell利用文献管理软件导出参考文献格式。根据查询相关公开信息：可以利用文献管理软件导入参考文献，例如Endnote、Mendeley，都有多种参考文献格式可以选择。也可以在百度学术上搜索想要引用的文献，选择你想要引用的参考文献格式，我们国内的毕业论文参考文献引用格式用的是GB/T7714，可能会有一点点出入，复制到word之后再稍微手动调整即可。
Cell (biology)The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life.[1] Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular (consist of a single cell). Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular. (Humans have an estimated 100 trillion or 1014 cells; a typical cell size is 10 µm; a typical cell mass is 1 nanogram.) The largest known cell is an unfertilized ostrich egg cell.[2]In 1835 before the final cell theory was developed, Jan Evangelista Purkyně observed small "granules" while looking at the plant tissue through a microscope. The cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, that vital functions of an organism occur within cells, and that all cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.[3]The word cell comes from the Latin cellula, meaning, a small room. The descriptive term for the smallest living biological structure was coined by Robert Hooke in a book he published in 1665 when he compared the cork cells he saw through his microscope to the small rooms monks lived in.[4][edit] General principles Mouse cells grown in a culture dish. These cells grow in large clumps, but each individual cell is about 10 micrometres acrossEach cell is at least somewhat self-contained and self-maintaining: it can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary. Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out each of these cells have several different abilities:[5]Reproduction by cell division: (binary fission/mitosis or meiosis). Use of enzymes and other proteins coded for by DNA genes and made via messenger RNA intermediates and ribosomes. Metabolism, including taking in raw materials, building cell components, converting energy, molecules and releasing by-products. The functioning of a cell depends upon its ability to extract and use chemical energy stored in organic molecules. This energy is released and then used in metabolic pathways. Response to external and internal stimuli such as changes in temperature, pH or levels of nutrients. Cell contents are contained within a cell surface membrane that is made from a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. Some prokaryotic cells contain important internal membrane-bound compartments,[6] but eukaryotic cells have a specialized set of internal membrane compartments.[edit] Anatomy of cellsThere are two types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are usually independent, while eukaryotic cells are often found in multicellular organisms.[edit] Prokaryotic cellsMain article: Prokaryote Diagram of a typical prokaryotic cellThe prokaryote cell is simpler than a eukaryote cell, lacking a nucleus and most of the other organelles of eukaryotes. There are two kinds of prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea; these share a similar overall prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions:on the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells; enclosing the cell is the cell envelope – generally consisting of a cell wall covering a plasma membrane though some bacteria also have a further covering layer called a capsule. The envelope gives rigidity to the cell and separates the interior of the cell from its environment, serving as a protective filter. Though most prokaryotes have a cell wall, there are exceptions such as Mycoplasma (bacteria) and Thermoplasma (archaea)). The cell wall consists of peptidoglycan in bacteria, and acts as an additional barrier against exterior forces. It also prevents the cell from expanding and finally bursting (cytolysis) from osmotic pressure against a hypotonic environment. Some eukaryote cells (plant cells and fungi cells) also have a cell wall; inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the cell genome (DNA) and ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. A prokaryotic chromosome is usually a circular molecule (an exception is that of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease). Though not forming a nucleus, the DNA is condensed in a nucleoid. Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, which are usually circular. Plasmids enable additional functions, such as antibiotic resistance. [edit] Eukaryotic cellsMain article: Eukaryote Diagram of a typical animal (eukaryotic) cell, showing subcellular :(1) nucleolus(2) nucleus(3) ribosome(4) vesicle(5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)(6) Golgi apparatus(7) Cytoskeleton(8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum(9) mitochondria(10) vacuole(11) cytoplasm(12) lysosome(13) centrioles within centrosomeEukaryotic cells are about 15 times the size of a typical prokaryote and can be as much as 1000 times greater in volume. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take place. Most important among these is the presence of a cell nucleus, a membrane-delineated compartment that houses the eukaryotic cell's DNA. It is this nucleus that gives the eukaryote its name, which means "true nucleus." Other differences include:The plasma membrane resembles that of prokaryotes in function, with minor differences in the setup. Cell walls may or may not be present. The eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear molecules, called chromosomes, which are associated with histone proteins. All chromosomal DNA is stored in the cell nucleus, separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. Some eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria also contain some DNA. Many eukaryotic cells are ciliated with primary cilia. Primary cilia play important roles in chemosensation, mechanosensation, and thermosensation. Cilia may thus be "viewed as sensory cellular antennae that coordinate a large number of cellular signaling pathways, sometimes coupling the signaling to ciliary motility or alternatively to cell division and differentiation."[7] Eukaryotes can move using motile cilia or flagella. The flagella are more complex than those of prokaryotes. Table 1: Comparison of features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Typical organisms bacteria, archaea protists, fungi, plants, animals Typical size ~ 1–10 µm ~ 10–100 µm (sperm cells, apart from the tail, are smaller) Type of nucleus nucleoid region; no real nucleus real nucleus with double membrane DNA circular (usually) linear molecules (chromosomes) with histone proteins RNA-/protein-synthesis coupled in cytoplasm RNA-synthesis inside the nucleusprotein synthesis in cytoplasm Ribosomes 50S+30S 60S+40S Cytoplasmatic structure very few structures highly structured by endomembranes and a cytoskeleton Cell movement flagella made of flagellin flagella and cilia containing microtubules; lamellipodia and filopodia containing actin Mitochondria none one to several thousand (though some lack mitochondria) Chloroplasts none in algae and plants Organization usually single cells single cells, colonies, higher multicellular organisms with specialized cells Cell division Binary fission (simple division) Mitosis (fission or budding)Meiosis Table 2: Comparison of structures between animal and plant cells Typical animal cell Typical plant cell Organelles Nucleus Nucleolus (within nucleus) Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth ER Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Vesicles Lysosomes Centrosome Centrioles Vacuoles Nucleus Nucleolus (within nucleus) Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Golgi apparatus (dictiosomes) Cytoplasm Mitochondria [edit] Subcellular components The cells of eukaryotes (left) and prokaryotes (right)All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane that envelops the cell, separates its interior from its environment, regulates what moves in and out (selectively permeable), and maintains the electric potential of the cell. Inside the membrane, a salty cytoplasm takes up most of the cell volume. All cells possess DNA, the hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins such as enzymes, the cell's primary machinery. There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. This article will list these primary components of the cell, then briefly describe their function.[edit] Cell membrane: A cell's defining boundaryMain article: Cell membraneThe cytoplasm of a cell is surrounded by a cell membrane or plasma membrane. The plasma membrane in plants and prokaryotes is usually covered by a cell wall. This membrane serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment and is made mostly from a double layer of lipids (hydrophobic fat-like molecules) and hydrophilic phosphorus molecules. Hence, the layer is called a phospholipid bilayer. It may also be called a fluid mosaic membrane. Embedded within this membrane is a variety of protein molecules that act as channels and pumps that move different molecules into and out of the cell. The membrane is said to be 'semi-permeable', in that it can either let a substance (molecule or ion) pass through freely, pass through to a limited extent or not pass through at all. Cell surface membranes also contain receptor proteins that allow cells to detect external signaling molecules such as hormones.[edit] Cytoskeleton: A cell's scaffoldMain article: Cytoskeleton Bovine Pulmonary Artery Endothelial cell: nuclei stained blue, mitochondria stained red, and F-actin, an important component in microfilaments, stained green. Cell imaged on a fluorescent cytoskeleton acts to organize and maintain the cell's shape; anchors organelles in place; helps during endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by a cell, and cytokinesis, the separation of daughter cells after cell division; and moves parts of the cell in processes of growth and mobility. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. There is a great number of proteins associated with them, each controlling a cell's structure by directing, bundling, and aligning filaments. The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is less well-studied but is involved in the maintenance of cell shape, polarity and cytokinesis.[8][edit] Genetic materialTwo different kinds of genetic material exist: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Most organisms use DNA for their long-term information storage, but some viruses (., retroviruses) have RNA as their genetic material. The biological information contained in an organism is encoded in its DNA or RNA sequence. RNA is also used for information transport (., mRNA) and enzymatic functions (., ribosomal RNA) in organisms that use DNA for the genetic code itself. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are used to add specific amino acids during the process of protein genetic material is organized in a simple circular DNA molecule (the bacterial chromosome) in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic genetic material is divided into different, linear molecules called chromosomes inside a discrete nucleus, usually with additional genetic material in some organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts (see endosymbiotic theory).A human cell has genetic material in the nucleus (the nuclear genome) and in the mitochondria (the mitochondrial genome). In humans the nuclear genome is divided into 23 pairs of linear DNA molecules called chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome is a circular DNA molecule distinct from the nuclear DNA. Although the mitochondrial DNA is very small compared to nuclear chromosomes, it codes for 13 proteins involved in mitochondrial energy production as well as specific genetic material (most commonly DNA) can also be artificially introduced into the cell by a process called transfection. This can be transient, if the DNA is not inserted into the cell's genome, or stable, if it is. Certain viruses also insert their genetic material into the genome.[edit] OrganellesMain article: OrganelleThe human body contains many different organs, such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function. Cells also have a set of "little organs," called organelles, that are adapted and/or specialized for carrying out one or more vital are several types of organelles within an animal cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typically solitary, while others (such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and lysosomes) can be numerous (hundreds to thousands). The cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the and Chloroplasts – the power generators Mitochondria are self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria play a critical role in generating energy in the eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria generate the cell's energy by the process of oxidative phosphorylation, utilizing oxygen to release energy stored in cellular nutrients (typically pertaining to glucose) to generate ATP. Mitochondria multiply by splitting in two. Organelles that are modified chloroplasts are broadly called plastids, and are involved in energy storage through the process of photosynthesis, which utilizes solar energy to generate carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.[citation needed] Mitochondria and chloroplasts each contain their own genome, which is separate and distinct from the nuclear genome of a cell. Both of these organelles contain this DNA in circular plasmids, much like prokaryotic cells, strongly supporting the evolutionary theory of endosymbiosis; since these organelles contain their own genomes and have other similarities to prokaryotes, they are thought to have developed through a symbiotic relationship after being engulfed by a primitive cell.[citation needed] Ribosomes The ribosome is a large complex of RNA and protein molecules. They each consist of two subunits, and act as an assembly line where mRNA from the nucleus is used to synthesise proteins from amino acids. Ribosomes can be found either floating freely or bound to a membrane (the rough endoplasmatic reticulum in eukaryotes, or the cell membrane in prokaryotes).[9] Cell nucleus – a cell's information center The cell nucleus is the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell's chromosomes, and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis (transcription) occur. The nucleus is spherical in shape and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope isolates and protects a cell's DNA from various molecules that could accidentally damage its structure or interfere with its processing. During processing, DNA is transcribed, or copied into a special RNA, called mRNA. This mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus, where it is translated into a specific protein molecule. The nucleolus is a specialized region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are assembled. In prokaryotes, DNA processing takes place in the cytoplasm. Diagram of a cell nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum – eukaryotes only The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications and specific destinations, as compared to molecules that will float freely in the cytoplasm. The ER has two forms: the rough ER, which has ribosomes on its surface and secretes proteins into the cytoplasm, and the smooth ER, which lacks them. Smooth ER plays a role in calcium sequestration and release. Golgi apparatus – eukaryotes only The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. It is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Vesicles that enter the Golgi apparatus are processed in a cis to trans direction, meaning they coalesce on the cis side of the apparatus and after processing pinch off on the opposite (trans) side to form a new vesicle in the animal cell.[citation needed] Diagram of an endomembrane system Lysosomes and Peroxisomes – eukaryotes only Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Peroxisomes have enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides. The cell could not house these destructive enzymes if they were not contained in a membrane-bound system. These organelles are often called a "suicide bag" because of their ability to detonate and destroy the cell.[citation needed] Centrosome – the cytoskeleton organiser The centrosome produces the microtubules of a cell – a key component of the cytoskeleton. It directs the transport through the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Centrosomes are composed of two centrioles, which separate during cell division and help in the formation of the mitotic spindle. A single centrosome is present in the animal cells. They are also found in some fungi and algae cells.[citation needed] Vacuoles Vacuoles store food and waste. Some vacuoles store extra water. They are often described as liquid filled space and are surrounded by a membrane. Some cells, most notably Amoeba, have contractile vacuoles, which are able to pump water out of the cell if there is too much water. [edit] Structures outside the cell wall[edit] CapsuleA gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as bacillus anthracis or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci.[citation needed] Capsules not marked by ordinary stain and can detected by special stain. The capsule is antigenic. The capsule has antiphagocytic function so it determines the virulence of many bacteria. It also plays a role in attachment of the organism to mucous membranes.[citation needed]
从20世纪末开始，细胞出版社在《细胞》之后陆续推出一系列学术期刊，包括：Molecular Cell：1997年创刊。细胞生物学、分子生物学。Developmental Cell：2001年创刊。发育生物学。Cancer Cell：2002年创刊。癌症领域。Cell Metabolism：2005年创刊。代谢领域。Cell Host & Microbe：2007年创刊。感染症领域、微生物学。Cell Stem Cell：2007年创刊。干细胞领域、再生医学。
陈学伟。通过多年努力，陈学伟带领团队利用稻瘟病广谱抗性水稻，终于找到了稻瘟病广谱抗性关键基因，并揭示了重要调控机理，成果于2017年发表在全球顶尖学术期刊Cell。世界三大顶级学术期刊是Nature、Science、Cell，一般简称为cns，能在这样的期刊上发表论文，也是无数科研工作者们梦寐以求的目标。
高。cell子刊的含金量是非常高的。cell的子刊都是top期刊，sci分区里绝大多数属于一区，每年的收稿量也并不大，是非常难发的，拒稿率非常高，需要具备非常硬的科研成果和很强的创新性才有希望，而且有时候也需要一点运气才能成功发表。
编辑部地址：美国麻省（马萨诸塞州）剑桥技术广场600号（Cell出版社）故Cell（《细胞》）杂志系美国出版供参
cell nature science 代表国际最高水平的《细胞》(Cell)、《自然》(Nature)和《科学》(Science)(CNS)杂志，CNS并不是专有名称，只是表示生命科学高水平学术杂志。《科学》[1] 杂志属于综合性科学杂志，英文名：Science Magazine 。它的科学新闻报道、综述、分析、书评等部分，都是权威的科普资料，该杂志也适合一般读者阅读。《科学》和它的对手《自然》期刊涵盖了所有学科。根据期刊引证报告，《科学》在2014年的影响因子为。英国著名杂志《自然》（Nature）是世界上最权威的科学杂志之一。杂志以报道科学世界中的重大发现、重要突破为使命，要求科研成果新颖。《自然》杂志的影响 因子为。《细胞》（Cell）为一份同行评审科学期刊，主要发表生命科学领域中的最新研究发现。《细胞》刊登过许多重大的生命科学研究进展，与《自然》和《科学》并列，是全世界最权威的学术杂志之一。其2010年的影响因子为。表明它所刊登的文章广受引用。
CNS中的“C”即《CELL》（细胞）期刊，（Cell）为一份同行评审科学期刊，主要发表生命科学领域中的最新研究发现，由美国爱思维尔(Elsevier)出版公司旗下的细胞出版社(Cell Press)发行。望采纳！ 谢谢！
如果一个实验室发表Cell，Nature，Science（CNS）论文10篇以，就称“CNS实验室”。在这样的实验室，发表CNS论文是正常的，常规的，一年通常是有几篇。
CNS(Cell,Nature,Science)是美国Cell(《细胞》)、英国Nature(《自然》)及美国Science(《科学》)三大举世公认的顶级科学期刊简称。CNS并不是专有名称，只是表示生命科学高水平学术杂志。
扩展资料：
Cell(《细胞》)、Nature(《自然》)、Science(《科学》)三者分别是：
《科学》杂志属于综合性科学杂志，英文名：ScienceMagazine。它的科学新闻报道、综述、分析、书评等部分，都是权威的科普资料，该杂志也适合一般读者阅读。《科学》和它的对手《自然》期刊涵盖了所有学科。根据期刊引证报告，《科学》在2014年的影响因子为。
英国著名杂志《自然》(Nature)是世界上最权威的科学杂志之一。杂志以报道科学世界中的重大发现、重要突破为使命，要求科研成果新颖。《自然》杂志的影响因子为。
《细胞》(Cell)为一份同行评审科学期刊，主要发表生命科学领域中的最新研究发现。《细胞》刊登过许多重大的生命科学研究进展，与《自然》和《科学》并列，是全世界最权威的学术杂志之一。其2010年的影响因子为。表明它所刊登的文章广受引用。
参考资料：
百度百科-cns实验室
一流水平。
《CELL》（《细胞》）是一种由美国爱思维尔(Elsevier)出版公司旗下的细胞出版社(Cell Press)发行的关于生命科学领域最新研究发现的杂志。cell是全球生物界和生化学界的顶级期刊，因此在cell上发表论文具备相当的难度和挑战，含金量也非常高，社会认可度特别广，因此，在cell上发表内容是非常困难的，很多人倾其一生的精力也无法在cell上发表一篇文章，可以说，只要能发一篇cell，那么就达到了行业内的一流水平。
《细胞》刊登过许多重大的生命科学研究进展，与《自然》和《科学》并列，是全世界最权威的学术杂志之一。其2010年的影响因子为，高于《科学》的影响因子（），接近《自然》的影响因子（），表明它所刊登的文章广受引用。
theinnovation是cell子刊，《The Innovation》是由中国科学院青年创新促进会百余青年科学家与Cell Press共同创建的综合性英文学术期刊，旨在向科学界展示鼓舞人心的跨学科发现，鼓励研究人员专注于科学的本质和自由探索的初心。
CellReports是CellPress出版社（Elsevier的子集团）2011年创建，2012年1月发表第一期的一本开放获取期刊。CellReports是三大名刊CNS中《Cell》的子刊，是Cell出版集团旗下2011年创建的开放获取期刊。
CellReports的优势：CellReports的作者受益于一个严格、快速、深入和公正的编辑审查和咨询过程，这意味着关于他们的稿件，作者将收到及时和周到的反馈。通过将细胞出版社所有期刊的内部编辑专业知识与一个忠诚而热情的编辑委员会相结合，我们能够快速地做出是否将论文送去审查的第一个决定，选择公正而有知识的审稿人，并做出决定性的编辑决定。
一旦被接受，论文就会在网上连续发表，并在发表后立即免费获取。最后，所有CellReports论文都将包括CellPress出版社系列期刊中可用的增强特性，包括图形摘要和高亮介绍，以及所有在线附加内容，如播客、音频文件、视频摘要等。
1、Nature子刊名
（1）Nature Cell Biology
（2）Nature Immunology
（3）Nature Medicine (03年创刊)
（4）Nature Genetics (03年创刊)
（5）Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (Nature Structural Biology)
（6）Nature Materials
（7）Nature Biotechnology
（8）Nature Chemical Biology (05年创刊)
（9）Nature Physics (05年创刊)
（10）Nature Neuroscience
（11）Nature Methods (04年创刊)
临床医学类期刊
（1）Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine
（2）Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism
（3）Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology
（4）Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology
（5）Nature Clinical Practice Neurology
（6）Nature Clinical Practice Oncology
（7）Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology
（8）Nature Clinical Practice Urology
2、Science子刊名
（1）Science Advances
（2）Science Translational Medicine
（3）Science Signaling
（4）Science Immunology
（5）Science Robotics
3、CELL子刊名
（1）Molecular Cell：1997年创刊。细胞生物学、分子生物学。
（2）Developmental Cell：2001年创刊。发育生物学。
（3）Cancer Cell：2002年创刊。癌症领域。
（4）Cell Metabolism：2005年创刊。代谢领域。
（5）Cell Host & Microbe：2007年创刊。感染症领域、微生物学。
（6）Cell Stem Cell：2007年创刊。干细胞领域、再生医学。
扩展资料
Science期刊发展历程：
1880年，纽约新闻记者约翰·迈克尔斯（英语：John Michaels）创立了《科学》，这份期刊先后得到了托马斯·爱迪生以及亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔的资助。但由于从未拥有足够的用户而难以为继，《科学》于1882年3月停刊。
一年后，昆虫学家Samuel Hubbard Scudder使其复活并取得了一定的成功。然而到了1894年，《科学》重新陷入财政危机，随后被以500美元的价格转让给心理学家James McKeen Cattell。
1900年，Cattell与美国科学促进会秘书Leland Ossian Howard达成协议，《科学》成为美国科学促进会的期刊。
在20世纪早期，《科学》发表的重要文章包括托马斯·亨特·摩根的果蝇遗传、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的引力透镜以及埃德温·哈勃的螺旋星系。1944年Cattell去世后，AAAS成为《科学》新主人。
参考资料来源：百度百科-nature
百度百科-CELL （《细胞》期刊）
百度百科-科学 （美国科学促进会官方刊物）
自然杂志近年来发展的很快，出版集团还出版了其它专业杂志如《自然医学》,《自然免疫学》,《自然遗传学》，《自然细胞生物学》，《自然神经科学》、《自然生物学技术》、《自然方法学》、《自然临床实践》、《自然结构和分子生物学》、《自然评论》，《自然化学》，《自然物理学》，《自然纳米技术》，《自然材料学》和《自然综述系列》，总共37个子系列杂志，另外还有其他语言版的《自然中国》，,《自然印度》等系列。应该说自然是乞今为止世界上最权威，最有影响力，学科最齐全，相对来说最为公正的科学杂志！其中的《自然医学》, 《自然免疫学》,《自然遗传学》三份的影响因子已和《自然》《科学》一样高，在专业领域里威望很高。《自然》杂志不光关注生命科学，还积极跟踪新兴科学像纳米技术和材料科学。个人的感觉是自然杂志以其亲民扑实的作风，敏锐的目光和分析和最其全的学科复盖面，大有一统科学文献江山的气概和实力。
《科学》（Science） 是美国科学促进会（AAAS）出版的一份学术杂志 。1880年，纽约新闻记者约翰·麦克尔创立了《科学》杂志，这份杂志先后得到了托马斯·爱迪生以及亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔的资助。此后，由于财政困难《科学》于1882年3月停刊。一年后，昆虫学家Samuel H. Scudder使其复活并取得了一定的成功。然而到了1894年，《科学》重新陷入财政危机，随后被以500美元的价格转让给心理学家James McKeen Cattell。1900年，Cattell与美国科学促进会秘书Leland O. Howard达成协议,《科学》成为美国科学促进会的期刊。1944年Cattell去世后,AAAS成为《科学》新主人。这本杂志主要刊登最新的科学研究成果。同时，《科学》也刊登关于科学的新闻、关于科技政策、科学家感兴趣的事务的观点。《科学》刊登各个学科的原创论文。目前，《科学》是全世界最权威的学术杂志之一，它的主要竞争对手是英国出版的《自然》杂志。像自然一样，《科学》杂志也是周刊，稿件学术水准和质量和自然比肩的，所不同的是科学没有子刊系列，也没有像《自然》那样的定期发表综述的刊物。因为这一点，《科学》杂志的影响力是不及《自然》的。
在生命科学领域，《细胞》（Cell）杂志为另一份同行评审科学期刊，主要发表实验生物学领域中的最新研究发现。《细胞》是一分深受关注并具有较高学术声誉的期刊，刊登过许多重大的生命科学研究进展。与《自然》和《科学》一样，是全世界最权威的学术杂志之一。单从其影响因子来看，它一直高于《自然》和《科学》两杂志，表明它所刊登的文章广受引用。
《细胞》是由爱尔塞维亚(Elsevier)出版公司旗下的细胞出版社(Cell Press)发行。《细胞》杂志主要以美东学术重镇波士顿为基地，以哈佛大学，麻省理工学院的生命科学家为后盾。《细胞》杂志前主编Benjamin Lewin不光主导这份生物学中最有份量的杂志，而且亲自主编教课书《Gene》，该书出版后广受好评，被殴美大学列为生物遗传学的第一首选教课书。 Lewin先生的知识也更新的很快，该书差不多每两年再版一次，现在已出版到第8版了。DNA双螺旋的发现者沃森教授也写了一本《Molecular Biology of Gene》不过，没有Lewin先生的书流行。《细胞》杂志也有许多子刊系列像《Cancer Cell》，《Stem Cell》,《Immunity》,《Neuron》和《Molecular Cell》等都是生命科学中的重量级刊物。再加上爱尔塞维亚(Elsevier)出版公司拥有的大量其他刊物，爱尔塞维亚(Elsevier)出版公司也是在生命科学文献界能够呼风唤雨的出版公司。
个人对这三份杂志的感觉是，全世界的科学家对《自然》要略微青睐一些，自然对发展中国家的投稿都比较友好，编辑会对来自英语国家的稿件进行英语修改和完善。编辑部的原则是科学第一，语言第二。《自然》杂志幅盖面很广，应该是龙头老大的地位。《科学》杂志也许一直会保留其风格，即在学术水平上跟《自然》争风斗艳，但是刊物还没有要扩张的迹象。
《科学》即是《自然》的对手，又和《自然》一起协手并肩统领报道人类科技的进步和发展的进程，比如当人类历史上耗资最大的人类基因测序工作完成后，《自然》发表了由Landers博士领导的学术界的人类基因测许结果；而《科学》则发表了由Venter博士领导的工业界完成的人类基因测序结果，可谓比翼双飞，也显示了英语在世界科学的领导地位。《细胞》杂志在生命科学界则是独树一旗，跟《自然》和《科学》的以短篇报道方式科学研究中的突破和进展不同之处是《细胞》的每篇文章都要求是长篇大论，文章必须要叙述一个完整的研究过程和结果,每期《细胞》的文章总数一般不超过15 篇。此外《细胞》跟其名一样，文章的角度也多从细胞生物学，分子生物学的手段和方法展开，相对来说，较少从分子遗传学，群体遗传学，化学生物学的角度出发。
这三份DJ学术期刊不仅是各大学和研究所的必定刊物，而且欧美大学许多教授，科研人员都自己定阅这些刊物，其中《科学》个人定阅价是140美元，《自然》是 199美元一年。像其他许多杂志一样，欧美杂志的做法是定阅者交的费用只是像证性的，杂志主要靠名气和发行量后面所带来的广告费挣钱维持生计，杂志越有名，发行量越大，越容易生存。但是像爱尔塞维亚(Elsevier) 这样拥有众多杂志的出版公司也往往表现出很强的拢断行为，曾几何时，以波士顿地区哈佛麻省理工为代表的新英格兰派系的《细胞》杂志的学校、研究所定阅费（往往是图书馆的定阅杂志，全校师生可以下载文章）昂贵的连美国的公立大学都感到难以承受，以加州大学，密西根大学为首的几十所公立大学曾经罢投《细胞》杂志的稿件，以表达他们的不满，双方的挣执曾使牛气十足的《细胞》杂志降下身段接受发展中国家科学家的稿件，中国也有了事隔二十几年得以重返《细胞》杂志的大事记！
这几份牛气的DJ学术的垄断行为和昂贵的订阅费也引起了一些科学家的烦感，终于有一些人站了出来，他们决心创办一份真正免费的生命科技杂志，Plos（Public Library of Science)就是这样诞生的产物，它是完全开方的，免费阅读, 免费打印！只有发表是收费的，多完美的主意！记得几年前我在加州大学旧金山分校做博后时，有一天所里来了一个讲座，就是关于Plos杂志，题目就是介绍一份全新的杂志Plos-公共科学杂志，当时听讲的人并不多，比起一般的学术讲座真可谓廖廖无几，主持人开场白介绍-讲演者也是一位优秀的科技工作者，她在博士博后期间有7篇论文发表，文章包括《Nature》，《Gene Development》《JBC》，《Molecular Cell》等，后来她加入了《自然》杂志的编辑行业。她讲到在她做编辑的时候才感觉到，很多发展中国家的大学的财力无力订阅全《自然》家族的杂志，因为稿费昂贵的原因，一些优秀的稿件也不能送到《自然》这样的DJ刊物，这种情况被诺贝尔奖获得者NIH前院长Harold E. Varmus,博士也知道了，他和斯坦福大学的生化教授，基因芯片技术的殿基人之一Patrick O. Brown,博士，以及加州大学伯克莱分校的遗传学教授Michael B. Eisen博士共同发起创办了一份属于大众的科学杂志，真正意义上的免费杂志！这样2000年10月Plos终于诞生了。如果你能细看一看Plos杂志的核心原则，就就会明白它是一份百分之百的大众的科学学书杂志！对于发展中国家，Plos给予了最无私的优惠政策：
可喜的是Plos杂志今天已成为了仅次于《Nature》，《Science》和《Cell》的有极大影响力的刊物，并且成为了拥有Plos-one和Plos生物，医学，遗传学，计算生物，病原学，热带医学7个成员的大家庭， 虽然美国科学院院刊（PNAS)和少数几份杂志也是免费的，但都没有Plos这样有高的引用率和影响力。
《Plos》杂志的成功和贡献再一次告诉我们，发展科学技术一定要有一套体系，从科研基金的建立和管理，到建立世界顶尖大学及研究所，特别是最后一个环节-发表科学技术成果的平台和媒体-科技杂志，每一样都极其重要！中国以人数众多的科技人才，庞大的接受了西方教育的海外人才库和飞速发展的经济为后盾，中国成为世界科技大国和强国的现实只是时间问题，要想在这个问题上不走弯路，早日实现这一目标。创办一份成功的类似于《自然》或《Plos》这样的科技杂志是比不可少的，也是绝对需要的。
一流水平。
《CELL》（《细胞》）是一种由美国爱思维尔(Elsevier)出版公司旗下的细胞出版社(Cell Press)发行的关于生命科学领域最新研究发现的杂志。cell是全球生物界和生化学界的顶级期刊，因此在cell上发表论文具备相当的难度和挑战，含金量也非常高，社会认可度特别广，因此，在cell上发表内容是非常困难的，很多人倾其一生的精力也无法在cell上发表一篇文章，可以说，只要能发一篇cell，那么就达到了行业内的一流水平。
《细胞》刊登过许多重大的生命科学研究进展，与《自然》和《科学》并列，是全世界最权威的学术杂志之一。其2010年的影响因子为，高于《科学》的影响因子（），接近《自然》的影响因子（），表明它所刊登的文章广受引用。
cellreportsmedicine属于子刊吗cell reports是Cell Press出版社（Elsevier的子集团）2011年创建，2012年1月发表第一期的一本开放获取期刊。cell reports是三大名刊CNS中《Cell》的子刊，是Cell出版集团旗下2011年创建的开放获取期刊。《Cell》杂志创刊于1976年，以发表具有重要意义的原创性科研报告为主，现已成为世界自然科学研究领域最著名的期刊之一，除此之外，Cell出版社目前还陆续发行了十几种姊妹刊，在各自专业领域里均占据着举足轻重的地位。