隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
学术堂整理了十五个英语专业毕业论文选题供大家参考:1.试从家庭视角探析《最蓝的眼睛》中女主人公皮克拉的悲剧 英语2.浅析《雾都孤儿》中的善及其对恶的影响 英语3.悲观与迷茫心理------浅析海明威小说《永别了武器》 英语4.探析<<远大前程>>中郝维香的悲惨命运 英语5.浅析《双城记》中的人道主义思想 英语6.简爱与苔丝性格及命运的对比研究 英语7.试论《飘》中女性主义的悲剧色彩 英语8.浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中艾米丽的悲剧 英语9.《威尼斯商人》中安东尼奥的人物特点分析 英语10.从《哈克贝利o费恩历险记》看马克o吐温的写作特色 英语11.麦琪悲剧的成因--《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 英语12.《蝇王》的主题分析 英语13.迷失的灵魂--论奥尼尔晚期剧作《长日人夜行》 英语14.青少年的烦恼--对《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的心理分析 英语15.勃朗特姐妹的爱情观解析 英语
1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很... 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君... 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，...
1 Problems and Strategies of Choosing Topics of English Majors’ thesis 范琳 环球论丛 Mar-08 ISBN978-7-5419-1093-02008年7月2 大学英语多媒体课件的应用及探索 邹宇锋1 管理科学文摘 ISSN1002-7106王慧娟23 A Comparative Study of Charles Dickens and Du Fu 王慧娟1 中国周刊 2008年第25期（） ISSN1671-3117邹宇锋24 论语用失误对我国外语教学的启示 杨梅2 桂林电子科技大学学报 2008第28卷第4期 ISSN 1673-808X5 分级教学对慢班学生心理影响及对策 杨梅 山东文学 2008年第9期 ISSN0257-58176 外语学习者学习主体认知差异研究 杨梅 教学与管理 2008年第3期 ISSN1004-58727 对研究生英语分级教学存在问题的思考 乔娜1 现代学术研究 2008年第6期 ISSN 1814-2508陈毅2 合理分级科学转变力促研究生英语应用能力 陈毅1 当代学术研究 ISBN 978-7-80748-171-3乔娜29 克拉申的二语习得理论对我校非英语专业研究生外语教学的启示 冯雪萍 高校外语教学与研究 ISBN 978-7-5601-3829-910 公共英语教学中的文化背景教育 顾荣1 教育探索与实践 ISSN1672-6278赵挺宇211 名词中间结构与名词结构歧义 杜惠芳1 西北农林科技大学学报社会科学版 第8卷第3期 ISSN 1009-9107李丽霞212 指代歧义的生成研究 杜惠芳2 西北农林科技大学学报社会科学版 第8卷第2期 ISSN 1009-910713 严复对自由的理解 罗建忠1 作家杂志 2008年第8期 ISSN1006-4044——对严译《群己权界论》的解读 屈妮妮2 下半月刊郑艾萍314 从英汉谚语的互译看翻译的原则和标准 罗建忠1 中国文化教育研究 2008年4月 ISSN1726-6276屈妮妮315 诗歌翻译中的理解与表达 屈妮妮1 中国文化教育研究 2008年4月 ISSN1726-6276——《关雎》的两个英译本的对比与分析 罗建忠216 英语专业本科毕业论文摘要部分问题及建议 屈妮妮1 时代文学 2008年8月 ISSN1005-4677罗建忠2 下半月郑艾萍317 对大学英语文化教学的探究 赵 娟1 安康学院学报 2008年第2期 ISSN1674-0092孟秀玲2 2008年4月18 语境——教学中不可忽视的因素 王立 高校外语教学与研究（第一辑） 2008年4月 ISBN-978-7-5601-3829-919 二外法语教学刍议 陈利利 重庆三峡学院学报 2008年 4月 ISSN1009-813520 《大学英语四、六级考试反拨效应实证研究》概述 王伟力 青海师专学报 ISSN 1007-01172008年9月21 大学生对新大学英语四级听力考试的态度研究——新大学英语四级听力考试对学生的反拨效应 王伟力2 西安外国语大学学报 ISSN 1673-98762008年9月22 中国における日本语教育について 乔亚英 高等教育与学术研究 第三卷第4期 ISBN 7-80198-470-6――日本文化の视点から―― 麦琪—乔治·艾略特人本宗教的实践者 侯雅丽 西北农林科技大学学报社会科学版 第8卷第3期 ISSN 1009-910724 做人的尊严 侯雅丽 西北农林科技大学学报社会科学版 第8卷第5期 ISSN 1009-9107——《客人》的存在主义解读25 从《围成》的比喻解读隐喻的主观性 程瑾涛 太原理工大学学报 2008 第3期 ISSN 1009-5837社会科学版 2008年9月26 浅析《双城记》的人物形象及其思想意义 张乃丹 高等教育与学术研究 第三卷第4期 我校大学英语自主听力教学改革初探 李亚妮1 中国高教研讨杂志 2008年4月 ISSN 1818-6539李 敏2 第20卷28 浅谈大学英语教学中的文化教学 刘 瑶 华商 2008年9月上半月 ISSN1004-119229 浅析《傲慢与偏见》中人物性格与婚姻观 马 甜 高校外语教学与研究 ISBN 978-7-5601-3829-930 Relative pronoun in the acquisition of English relative clause by Chinese EFL learners 张晓容1 Sino-US English teaching 2008年9月 ISSN 1539-8072李丽霞331 对外报道的“国际受众”特点及英译要求 张晓容1 中国校外教育 ISSN 1004-8502窦 琴232 从关联理论看广告双关语的译法 张晓容1 语文学刊 2008年12期 ISSN 1672-8610殷延军2孟秀玲333 新西兰高职教育的主要特点及启示 田志强 中国成人教育 2008年第五期 ISSN 1004-657734 Induced hydrolytic enzymes of ectomycorrhizal fungi against pathogen Rhizoctonia solani 田志强 Biotechnology Letters (2008) 30:-5492(Print)5/5 1573-6776 (Online)35 ECMF-induced PR-proteins again damping-off disease of Pinus tabulaeformis 田志强 Phytopathology Nov-08 0031-949X4/436 Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Induced Pathogenesis-related Proteins against Damping-off Disease of Pinus tabulaeformis 田志强 Plant Disease Oct-08 0191-29174/437 A Survey of Common Problems in English Majors′Graduation Theses 高建梅 当代学术研究（第四辑） 2008年12月 ISBN 978-7-80748-171-338 The art of teaching English 常青 高校外语教学与研究（第四辑） 2008年12月 ISBN 978-7-5601-3829-939 外语教学研究中的知识、能力与运用能力 李婷 外语教学 2008年7月 ISSN 1000-5544（2008专刊）40 论素质教育中大学英语教师应具备的基本素质 郑艾萍 教育与职业 2008年12月下 ISSN 1004-3985
西北大学外国语学院英语系成立于1924年。我国许多著名的语言大师和翻译家如曹靖华、水天同、吴宓等都曾执教于西大英语系。英语系设本科和英美文学、翻译、语言学三个硕士专业。英语系拥有国内一流的语言教学实验室、 同声传译实验室、多媒体网络实验室、地面卫星接收系统和丰富的图书影像资料。英语系师资力量雄厚。 英语专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和广泛的科学文化知识，具有深厚的口笔译功底和较强的口语表达能力，能从事外交、外经贸、外资企业、文化系统、新闻出版、教育科研、旅游、外事管理工作等方面的高级人才。西北大学英语系利用综合性大学学科门类齐全的优势，大部分同学在4年学习期间，都辅修本校其 它专业，如国际金融与贸易、法律、经济管理、计算机等，毕业时既获得本专业本科毕业证书，又获得辅修专业毕业证书。这些学生在人才市场上十分抢手。 英语专业开设的主要课程有综合英语、泛读、高级英语、英美散文、视听、口语、口译、笔译、英语写作、影视、经贸英语、英美概况、科技英语、语言学、词汇学、英美文学、二外（法语、日语）、翻译实习、毕业论文等。 西大英语系培养的学生，其最大的特点是文化底蕴深厚，翻译功底扎实，口语表达能力强。历年来英语系学生四、八级统考成绩一直高于全国综合院校平均水平。英语03级在2007年的全国英语专业八级统考中一次通过率为，比全国 同类院校的平均通过率超出45%。应届毕业生考上研究生的人数逐年增加。不少学生考上了北京大学、清华大学、北京语言文化大学等高校的研究生。 英语系4年制本科面向全国招生，涉及省份有陕西、河北、山西、辽宁、吉林、江苏、福建、山东、湖北、湖南、天津、广西、云南、青海等。一、培养目标 根据高等学校英语专业“英语教学大纲”的精神，我校英语专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和广博的科学文化知识、同时能熟练地运用英语在外事、教育、经贸、文化、科技、旅游等部门从事翻译、教学、管理、研究等工作的复合型高级专门人才。 二、培养要求 英语专业学生主要学习英语语言、英美文学、英美社会与文化、英语语言学、英语词汇学、英语教学法、外贸英语等方面的基本理论和基本知识，接受听、说、读、写、译等几项基本技能的良好训练，掌握一定的论文写作和科研的方法，从而具有从事教学、翻译、研究、管理等工作的业务水平和素质以及较强的工作能力。 学生在读期间，应努力获得以下几方面的知识和能力： 1．了解我国有关的方针、政策、法规；2．掌握英语语言、文学、以及人文学科知识和科技知识；3．具有扎实的英语语言基础和较熟练的英语听、说、读、写、译等能力；4．了解我国国情和英语国家的社会与文化；5．具有较好的汉语表达水平和较标准的汉语表达能力；6．对第二外语应具有一定的实际应用能力；7．掌握文献检索和资料查询的基本方法，并具有初步的科研能力；8．掌握与毕业后所从事的工作有关的专业基础知识；9．具有获取知识的能力、独立思考的能力和创新的能力。 三、教学内容 英语专业本科为4年。根据英语专业教学规律和学习要求，教学过程分为两个阶段，即基础阶段（一年级和二年级）和高年级阶段（三年级和四年级）。 基础阶段的开课内容有综合英语、听力、口语、泛读、测试、英国社会与文化、美国社会与文化、英语语音。 高年级阶段的开课内容有高级英语、英语写作、口译、翻译、英语语言学、外贸英语、外语教学法、英语词汇学、英美文学、欧洲文化、英美报刊导读。 四、教学目的与要求 基础阶段： 1．综合英语：综合英语是一门技能课，其目的在于培养和提高学生综合运用英语的能力。本课程主要通过语言基础训练和篇章讲解分析，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读理解能力，了解英语各种文体的表达方式与特点，扩大词汇量，熟悉英语常用句型，提高口头与笔头的表达能力。根据本课程的特点，要求学生在一年级阶段，积极参与课内外语言交际活动，着重提高英语听说能力。在二年级阶段，要求学生注重英语读、写、译能力的提高，和阅读理解能力的提高，同时阅读了解各种英语文体，掌握基本的英语写作技巧，使自己具有扎实的英语语言基本功，为高年级阶段的深入学习打下坚实的基础。 2．听力：本课程是英语专业基础阶段语言技能单项训练课程之一，通过该课程的学习，学生的英语听力水平在二年级末应达到英语专业4级要求，即能听懂英语国家人士所做的难度不超过所学语言知识的英语讲座，掌握中心大意，理解主要内容，并能辨别说话人的态度和语气，能听懂BBC、VOA新闻广播和文化节目，能在15分钟内听写根据已学知识编写而成录音材料（词数为150-200词左右，语速为每分钟100-120单词），错误率不超过8%。 3．口语：口语课着重培养学生运用语言知识流利表达思想、进行口头交际的能力，使学生即能正确交流思想，又能达到语言基本得体。学生应在教师的指导下，提高自己口头语言知识的转换能力，学习用英语思维，使表达具有逻辑性，并养成良好的口头交际的习惯：表达清晰、流畅、达意。 4．泛读：本课程的教学目的主要是通过系统的训练，使学生掌握阅读技巧，显著提高阅读速度和理解能力，扩大词汇量。学生应在教师的指导下，在规定时间内完成阅读和练习任务，加强课后阅读训练，扩大知识面。 5．测试：本课程是为英语专业二年级开设的一门专业基础课，其主要目的在于使学生做好英语专业4级测试的应试准备工作，强化培养学生的语言应用能力和应试技巧，巩固和提高学生的听、说、读、写、译等语言技能，从而提高学生的4级考试成绩。学生应积极配合教学内容，大量进行模拟训练，做到“知己知彼，百战不殆”。 6．英国社会与文化、美国社会与文化：这两门课程的目的在于通过使学生了解英、美、澳等英语国家的社会和文化概貌，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性、以及处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。 8．英语语音：该课教师通过教学内容对学生的语音语调逐一进行纠正和训练，提高学生发音的准确性，为他们今后能说出流利、地道的英语打下扎实的基础。 学生应认真进行练习模仿，掌握发音要领，努力使自己能说出纯正的英语。 高年级阶段： 1．高级英语：该课程着重训练学生的语言综合技能。教师通过引导学生阅读内容广泛的语言材料，培养学生的分析能力、逻辑思维能力和独立思考能力，提高学生的阅读理解、语法修辞、写作等的综合技能。学生应在教师的引导下，认真做好课前预习，积极参与课堂活动，从而提高综合运用语言的能力。 2．英语写作；该课程主要在使学生熟悉各种常用写作技巧的同时，培养和提高学生的写作能力，能熟练运用各种修辞手段，系统、连贯、深入地表达自己的见解和思想，做到思路清晰、内容充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体，写作速度为每30分钟400词左右，为10000-12000字数的毕业论文写作做好准备。 3．口译：该课程属语言基本技能课。教学内容以理论为基础，以专题知识为内容，在学生掌握口译技巧的同时，对学生进行循序渐进的训练。学生在参与课堂活动中，注意提高自己的应对能力和跨文化交际的能力，培养良好的心理素质和遵守职业道德的习惯。 4．翻译：该课程主要运用翻译基础理论和基本技巧，通过各种文体的翻译实践，训练学生掌握并能灵活运用这些理论和技巧，独立进行英汉互译。学生除掌握和运用翻译理论和翻译技巧外，还应具备英汉两种语言扎实的基本功。 5．英语语言学：该课程属专业课，能使学生了解人类语言研究的丰硕成果、提高对语言的本质及功能的认识，同时还能使他们初步了解语言和社会文化之间的关系。学生应认真掌握语言学的基本理论和基本概念，了解语言研究的内容和方法，为今后在该领域的进一步学习和研究、以及毕业论文的写作打下良好的基础。 6．外贸英语：该课程主要目的在于拓宽学生知识面，使学生掌握一定的国际金融、经贸知识，熟练掌握涉外商贸活动中常用的英语表达方式。学生除掌握这些知识外，还应学会书写英文商务书信和电传，掌握传真的格式和商务谈判的技巧，提高涉外翻译中的口笔译能力。 7．外语教学法：该课程为高年级选修课，设置该课程是为了使学生了解外语教学法的基本理论和基本知识，培养其外语教学的实际能力，为毕业后从事教学的学生在理论和实践方面打下良好的基础。学生除学习和掌握理论知识、熟悉各个流派的教学法和相关理论外，主要学习实际课堂教学方法和教学技巧，为今后教学工作积累经验。 8．英语词汇学：该课程为高年级选修课，主要目的在于帮助学生进一步认识和总结英语词汇的特点和规律，了解英语词的来源、词形、组合、用法、变迁等方面的知识，从而能够按照词汇规律来学习掌握词汇，迅速扩大词汇量。 9．英美文学：该课程主要涉及英美文学史及作品选读，目的在于培养学生阅读、理解、欣赏英美文学原著的能力，熟悉和掌握文学批评的基本理论及方法，加强学生对西方文学和文化的了解，提高其文化素质和文学修养。学生应掌握所有教学内容，认真阅读选读作品，并灵活运用所学知识进行文学分析和评论，为毕业论文写作打下坚实基础。 10．欧洲文化：本课程通过对欧洲文化各方面的介绍，使学生对欧洲文明有一个概要了解的同时加深对语言的理解。通过本课程的学习，学生可以开阔视野，提高个人修养和文化素质。 11．英美报刊导读：本课程通过课堂教学与课外练习相结合，使学生学会如何阅读英文报纸，了解和学习西方新闻写作方法，学习和了解现代英语表达法，提高语言的实际运用水平。
一、内容要求毕业设计报告正文要求：（一）理、工科类专业毕业设计报告正文内容应包括：问题的提出；设计的指导思想；方案的选择和比较论证；根据任务书指出的内容和指标要求写出设计过程、课题所涉及元件结构和相关参数的设计计算，有关基本原理的说明与理论分析；给出所设计课题实际运行的数据或参数，并与理论设计参数进行比较和分析，说明产生误差的原因。最后要对所设计课题实用价值做出评估说明；设计过程中存在的问题，改进意见或其它更好的方案设想及未能采纳的原因等。（二）经济、管理类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括：问题的提出、设计的指导思想；设计方案提出的依据，设计方案的选择和比较；设计过程；所运用的技术经济分析指标和方法；数学模型及其依据，数据计算方法；对设计方案的实用性和经济效益等方面做出评估；对设计实施过程中存在的问题 （ 或可能发生的问题 ） 提出合理化建议。毕业论文的基本论点、主要论据；根据国家有关方针、政策及规定联系实际展开理论分析。（三）文科类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括：问题的提出、解决问题的指导思想；解决方案提出的依据，解决方案的选择和比较，结论。二、论文印装毕业论文用毕业设计专用纸打印。正文用宋体小四号字，行间距为24磅；版面页边距上3cm，下、左，右2cm。三、论文结构、装订顺序及要求毕业论文由以下部分组成：（一）封面。论文题目不得超过20个字，要简练、准确，可分为两行。（二）内容。1、毕业设计（论文）任务书。任务书由指导教师填写，经系主任、教务部审查签字后生效。2、毕业设计（论文）开题报告；3、毕业设计（论文）学生申请答辩表与指导教师毕业设计（论文）评审表；4、毕业设计（论文）评阅人评审表；5、毕业设计（论文）答辩表；6、毕业设计（论文）成绩评定总表；7、中英文内容摘要和关键词。（1）摘要是论文内容的简要陈述，应尽量反映论文的主要信息，内容包括研究目的、方法、成果和结论，不含图表，不加注释，具有独立性和完整性。中文摘要一般为200-400字左右，英文摘要应与中文摘要内容完全相同。“摘要”字样位置居中。（2）关键词是反映毕业设计（论文）主题内容的名词，是供检索使用的。主题词条应为通用技术词汇，不得自造关键词。关键词一般为3-5个，按词条外延层次（学科目录分类），由高至低顺序排列。关键词排在摘要正文部分下方。（3）中文摘要与关键词在前，英文的在后。8、目录。目录按三级标题编写，要求层次清晰，且要与正文标题一致。主要包括绪论、正文主体、结论、致谢、主要参考文献及附录等。9、正文。论文正文部分包括：绪论（或前言、序言）、论文主体及结论。（1）绪论。综合评述前人工作，说明论文工作的选题目的和意义，国内外文献综述，以及论文所要研究的内容。（2）论文主体。论文的主要组成部分，主要包括选题背景、方案论证、过程论述、结果分析、结论或总结等内容。要求层次清楚，文字简练、通顺，重点突出，毕业设计（论文）文字数，一般应不少于8000字（或20个页码）。外文翻译不少于3000字符，外文参考资料阅读量不少于3万字符。中文论文撰写通行的题序层次采用以下格式：1 格式是保证文章结构清晰、纲目分明的编辑手段，毕业论文所采用的格式必须符合上表规定，并前后统一，不得混杂使用。格式除题序层次外，还应包括分段、行距、字体和字号等。第一层次（章）题序和标题居中放置，其余各层次（节、条、款）题序和标题一律沿版面左侧边线顶格安排。第一层次（章）题序和标题距下文双倍行距。段落开始后缩两个字。行与行之间，段落和层次标题以及各段落之间均为24磅行间距。第一层次（章）题序和标题用小二号黑体字。题序和标题之间空两个字，不加标点，下同。第二层次（节）题序和标题用小三号黑体字。第三层次（条）题序和标题用四号黑体字。第四层次及以下各层次题序及标题一律用小四号黑体字。（3）结论（或结束语）。作为单独一章排列，但标题前不加“第XXX章”字样。结论是整个论文的总结，应以简练的文字说明论文所做的工作，一般不超过两页。10、致谢。对导师和给予指导或协助完成毕业设计（论文）工作的组织和个人表示感谢。文字要简洁、实事求是，切忌浮夸和庸俗之词。11、参考文献及引用资料目录（规范格式见附文）。12、附录。13、实验数据表、有关图纸(大于3#图幅时单独装订)。(三)封底。附：规范的参考文献格式参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识：M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为：1、专著示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社，1989.[2] 马克思恩格斯全集：第1卷[M]. 北京：人民出版社，1956.[3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京：商务印书馆，、论文集示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979.[2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选：下册[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979.凡引专著的页码，加圆括号置于文中序号之后。3、报纸文章示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27，（3）4、期刊文章示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报（社会科学版），1995（3）.5、学位论文示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京：北京师范大学心理系，、报告示例 [1] 白秀水，刘敢，任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安：陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心，、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释，置于本页地脚，前面用圈码标识。8、其他要求（1）文字论文中汉字应采用严格执行汉字的规范。所有文字字面清晰，不得涂改。（2）表格论文的表格可以统一编序，也可以逐章单独编序，采用哪种方式应和插图及公式的编序方式统一。表序必须连续，不得重复或跳跃。表格的结构应简洁。表格中各栏都应标注量和相应的单位。表格内数字须上下对齐，相邻栏内的数值相同时，不能用‘同上’、‘同左’和其它类似用词，应一一重新标注。表序和表题置于表格上方中间位置，无表题的表序置于表格的左上方或右上方（同一篇论文位置应一致）。（3）插图插图要精选。图序可以连续编序，也可以逐章单独编序，采用哪种方式应与表格、公式的编序方式统一，图序必须连续，不得重复或跳跃。仅有一图时，在图题前加‘附图’字样。毕业设计（论文）中的插图以及图中文字符号应打印，无法打印时一律用钢笔绘制和标出。由若干个分图组成的插图，分图用a,b,c,……标出。图序和图题置于图下方中间位置。（4）公式论文中重要的或者后文中须重新提及的公式应注序号并加圆括号，序号一律用阿拉伯数字连续编序，或逐章编序，序号排在版面右侧，且距右边距离相等。公式与序号之间不加虚线。（5）数字用法公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时间和各种计数、计量，均用阿拉伯数字。年份不能简写。数值的有效数字应全部写出。（6）软件软件流程图和源程序清单要按软件文档格式附在论文后面，特殊情况可在答辩时展示，不附在论文内。（7）工程图按国标规定装订图幅小于或等于3#图幅时应装订在论文内，大于3#图幅时按国标规定单独装订作为附图。（8）艺术设计作品无法用纸质文档保存的艺术设计作品应用光盘或照片保存。(9)计量单位的定义和使用方法按国家计量局规定执行。以上是我的毕业论文要求，全国各个学校其实都是一样的.回答完毕.
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
英语专业毕业论文选题方向哪个好写如下：
英语专业不像是翻译专业，有翻译的大范围限定，也不像学科教育（英语）专业，有教育的大范围限定。作为英语专业的学生在选题上就比较苦逼，先要选择合适的方向，然后再从该方向下选择小方向，拟定题目。
英语专业毕业论文可选择的方向取决于学院导师。在论文正式准备前，学院会为学生们准备毕业论文指导的相关课程，在课程上会指导大家如何准备选题，如何准备论文撰写等相关事宜。也就会为大家介绍本院校的本届英语专业毕业生的毕业论文可选择的方向有哪些。这些方向其实取决于本院校的导师。
每个导师所擅长的专业研究方向不一样，所以基本是一个导师带一个方向的学生。所以选方向和选导师是直接挂钩的。院校会根据导师们擅长的研究方向设定调整毕业论文可选择的方向。当然大模块是不会变动的。
英语专业毕业论文可选择的方向大致如下：语言学、翻译学、文学（以英美文学为主）、学科教育、文化（跨文化沟通等）、商务英语、旅游英语、国际贸易与实务、影视作品分析、其他等方向。（每个学校可能有细微差别，但大体也就这些。）
英语论文选题方向：
一、语言学（语言学一般理论的研究）。
二、英美文学（英美文学的文化研究、作品分析等）。
三、翻译学（翻译理论与实践探讨、译本研究以及名家名著翻译作品对比研究等）。
四、英美文化（英美加澳新等西方国家文化以及与汉文化的比较研究）。
五、教学法（英语教学法、测试学等方面的研究）。
英语专业毕业论文题目大全
1、英语专业硕士毕业论文与本科毕业论文语言错误对比研究
2、应用型本科院校英语专业毕业论文的调查与思考
3、基于“大论文观”的英语专业毕业论文质量研究
4、新建本科院校英语专业毕业论文存在的问题及对策——以周口师范学院为例
5、独立学院英语专业毕业论文写作存在的问题及对策
6、英语专业毕业论文形式改革的思考与探索
7、英语专业本科毕业论文写作创新教育策略探究
8、新升本院校英语专业毕业论文写作探析
9、体育院校英语专业毕业论文写作现状——以北京体育大学为例
10、英语专业毕业论文选题中的问题及对策
11、顶岗实习任务的高职商务英语专业毕业设计模式构建思考
12、高职英语专业毕业论文问题实证研究
13、成人英语专业毕业论文错误分析及建议
14、影响英语专业毕业论文资料搜集的因素
15、高职商务英语专业毕业实习问题探析
英语论文选题方向如下：
1、从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异；
2、论美国垮掉的一代；
3、美国牛仔的成功之路；
4、文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用；
5、跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子；
6、中西方饮食文化的对比研究；
7、西方节日的变迁及文化内涵；
8、电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异；
9、中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究；
10、英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵；
11、希腊神话对英美文化的影响；
12、英汉商标对英美文化的影响。
选题注意事项
1、选你自己感兴趣的题目，毕业论文是个浩大的工程，要是不能写自己想写的，相信我，在这漫长的写作时间里，你会相当痛苦的。
2、题目不能太大，也不能太小，否则不好驾驭。最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。例如，我写喜福会这部电影，电影体现了中美文化差异，分别有婚姻观，家庭教育观等。
摘 要]本文从思维方式、价值观念、审美情趣、传统风俗文化心理及民族禁忌等层面探讨了广告翻译策略。广告翻译质量的关键在于能否使译入语文化背景下的受众产生原文在源语文化背景中的相应效果在于能否准确把握两种文化异同。本文拟从中西思维方式差异、文化背景与价值观念差异、审美情趣差异、从传统风俗文化心理及民族禁忌层面等层面阐述广告翻译策略。[关键词]广告文化心理翻译一、文化与广告语言语言是文化的载体它反映一个民族的特征不仅包含着该民族的历史和文化背景而且蕴藏着该民族对人生的看法及其生活方式和思维方式。广告是一门艺术广告作品要有艺术感染力不仅要吸引观众还要触动其情感使其对企业及商品产生好感进而引导购买行为(胡屹1999)。为达到攻心目的国际广告中语言文字的翻译一定要精心求善求美。广告本身也蕴含着丰富的文化内涵它从一个侧面揭示了一个民族的心理特征、信仰和价值观念。因此译者对广告的理解也不能只限于字面还要了解其引申意义及丰富的文化蕴涵。所以商品的译名应该是好读、好听、好看做到音、形、义的完美统一。在翻译英语广告文字时，无论是英译汉还是汉译英，绝不能满足于字面上的翻译，做“表面文章”。必须要使语言翻译得既准确又地道，尤其是要把原文中的“潜台词”(message)或言外之意传达出来，做到达意、传神和表形，收到意似、神似和形似三统一的效果。二、广告翻译策略分析王佐良先生曾指出“翻译中最大的困难就是两种文化的不同……翻译者必须是一个真正意义上的文化人。”作为跨文化交际的重要组成部分，广告翻译也同样受到文化因素的制约。广告文化具有明显的大众性、商业性、民族性和时代性的特点所以文化传统、信仰、价值观念在很大程度上影响广告活动。本文拟从中西思维方式差异、文化背景与价值观念差异、审美情趣差异、从传统风俗文化心理及民族禁忌层面等层面阐述广告翻译策略。1.从中西思维方式差异层面审视广告翻译策略语言是思维的工具，而文化的构成又离不开思维(心理文化就是思维的直接产物)人的语言表达是受思维方式支配的思维又影响和制约着语言。东、西方文化的思维方式有着很大的差异。东方人主张“天人合一”、“物我交融”追求和谐与对称平衡重综合、重归纳、重暗示。西方人则主张“人天分立”、“物我分明”崇尚个体思维、个性展示重形式论证重分析、细微、曲折挖掘惟恐不尽描写惟恐不周。例如在西方国家里妇女解放是人们关注的一个焦点。在一则题为“Why can't a woman be like a woman”的香水广告中列举了妇女形象、地位变化以及这些变化带来的矛盾和困惑广告最后写道:Cabriole is full of delicuous like the woman who'clever enough to rnjoy being awoman.香水作为一种女性化的商品在这里成为妇女“To befeminist and feminine”的中介。这则广告的创意充分利用了妇女对自身形象的关注细致地分析了妇女解放带给人们的心理困惑强调女性思维博得了广大女性对商品的好感达到了很好的广告效果。译者如果不了解受众的思维方式，广告商所做的广告不仅难以达到促销的目的反而会带来一些意想不到的麻烦。如在英语广告中unique是一个使用频率很高的词汇这在一定程度上反映了西方社会强调个性的思维方式。然而由于中华民族特有的文化心理对于unique的强调难以在汉语广告中达到相应的效果。与之相反在汉语广告中“大宝”牌化妆品的广告语:“儿子一瓶，我一瓶，再给老爸来一瓶，我给老婆买一瓶”迎合了注重家庭亲情的大众心理。可见不同的民族有着不同的思维方式。迎合人们的思维方式以唤起认同感准确生动地传达商品信息刺激广告受众的购买欲对于成功的广告翻译是十分重要的。2.从文化背景与价值观念差异层面审视广告翻译策略美国人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》一书中把“文化”作为一个中心概念提出来提出文化是一个复合的整体其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他的能力和习惯文化的内容如此丰富，是一个民族经过几千年的沉淀、发展和承袭而形成一定社会和社会群体的共同意识和共同规范。不同的民族文化深受其背景的影响，形成其不同的价值观念。语言反映文化文化的核心是传统的价值观念。广告商正是利用这一点竭力迎合人们的价值观念以谋求最大的商业利益。同样是航空广告由于价值观念不同美国航空公司的广告是“Bigthrillsmall bills”(大刺激小价钱)强调刺激、新奇价格便宜这是美国人所崇尚的价值观。又如在美国的主流文化中追求成功是压倒一切的主旋律而成功与否乃至成功的大小往往是用金钱来衡量的。基于此一家证券公司打出这样的广告标语: Want To Succeed Not Just Survive;2 The Will ToSucceed Is Part Of Americans Spirit最后的点睛之笔为The SuccessYou Want We Help You不难想象这则广告将会给成功欲极强的美国人留下深刻的印象。又如“:Carefour”是外商投资的超市译为“家乐福”取“家家都快乐和幸福”之意。的确它为都市人提供了衣、食、用等方面的商品成了人们喜爱的购物场所。无独有偶“安而乐”卫生巾同样迎合了国人“平安幸福”的人生价值观让女性感到安全、快乐。又如“可口可乐”和百事可乐”译文和中文谐音而且具有美好的含义。如“乐凯”彩色胶卷的商标音译为“Luck”为“幸福”之意“;Stone”寓意是“坚如磐石”作为“四通”电脑的英文商标充分体现了“四通人”甘做中国电脑的铺路石创世界名牌坚韧不拔的精神。类似的译名还有上海补品来福(Life)果奶“乐百士”(Robust)等等。而法国某公司在中国某地区曾推出“鸦片”牌男用香水本想用鸦片的诱惑力使中国的男人使用“鸦片”牌香水像鸦片一样上瘾。但由于该公司不了解中国人对鸦片二字的感觉不是诱人而是痛恨此广告严重挫伤了我国民众的民族自尊心。结果此品牌香水上市后受到消费者的猛烈抨击。鉴于此广告的翻译工作最好由广告受众国的译者去做因为只有受众国的译者才能熟知本国的价值观念才能译出符合本国受众思维方式和文化习惯因而为他们所喜欢的广告语。3.从审美情趣差异层面审视广告翻译策略大众的审美心理与广告的翻译之间存在着非常密切的关系。审美心理是一种综合的文化意识涉及到政治观点、宗教观念、生活方式和风俗习惯等各个方面。中国国民稳固的心里结构以“仁”、“务实”、“忍耐”为基本内容。形成特有的审美取向这里有很大成分是受儒家的“中庸”之道思想方法影响。审美要求“内敛”且有美善统一的自觉要求与西方审美观中的张扬的唯心主义片段性的思维相比更客观一些。西方的审美心理强调主体感情、想象、直觉产生的美、美感受康德美学思想中人的主体能力的影响形成全力张扬的现代主义的审美观这种审美观是非理性的具有意志、直觉、潜意识等方面把握美之本身的唯美化倾向。这种审美心理差异形成了中西广告文化的不同心理。中国人在文化上表现为大一统观念例如重权威、轻事实还有从众心理；有小农意识重实惠轻意念且人格至上。西方人的文化心理结构较为复杂以“人本”、“认知”、“行为”为基本内容。审美情趣是一种综合的文化意识涉及生活方式、风俗习惯等方面。而广告又是面对大众的一种重要的商品宣传手段它要迎合大众的审美心理。广告的翻译没有固定的模式应采用灵活多变的方法最大限度地再现原广告的神韵和风格提倡吸引力、诱惑力和表达方式的大众化同时要尊重普通人的审美情趣。因此广告商要深入了解商品出口国的文化背景了解异域广告受众的审美情趣这一点在出口商品的名称翻译中尤为重要。如我国有种叫“芳芳”的口红国人看到“芳芳”二字心中会产生美好的联想仿佛看到一位美丽善良的少女又好像闻到了她周身袭来的香气。而此商标音译成“Fang Fang”英语国家的消费者听了心中不禁生起一种恐怖之情因为Fang恰好是一个英文单词其义是a snake'spoison tooth(蛇的毒牙)。因此他们联想到的并不是一位涂口红的美丽少女而是毒汁四溅的毒蛇。翻译出现了这一败笔口红的销路便可想而知了。Whisper卫生巾音译为“护舒宝”。Whisper的英文意思是耳语、密谈富含女性用品的形象性和女性味。而翻译为中文时则传达给中国女性消费者的是该产品的功能和优良的品质给人以舒爽、安全、美妙的感觉从而达到了名牌效应。再如宝洁公司的洗发用品Head＆Shoulder如果仅根据原文直译为“头和肩”或像我国台湾地区一样翻译为“海伦仙杜丝”消费者会感到茫然不知所云而译为“海飞丝”高雅的词义迎合了广告受众的审美情趣使人联想到怡人的大海以及青春美少女飘逸柔顺的秀发随风飞扬的画面自然会激发消费者强烈的购买欲望。优雅的名称对商品来说是一种“包装”对消费者而言是一种“诱惑”。翻译广告时要符合大众的审美情趣只有当一个译名在人的心目中产生与本国消费者相似的美感时该产品才会被接受。4.从传统风俗文化心理及民族禁忌层面审视广告翻译策略一个国家、民族都有千百年来形成的风俗文化及审美习惯。因此译者应充分考虑到商品所销国家和地区的文化、历史和风俗尽量避免带有文化禁忌色彩的词语和形象这样才不会影响商品的销路。例如:中国有一种电扇商标为“蝙蝠”是因为“蝠”和“福”同音蝙蝠被认为是吉祥的动物。在日本韩国蝙蝠也象征幸福。但是如果翻译为Bat会引起西方人反感。类似的还有Dragon(龙)在我国历史上龙是一个图腾形象而在西方文化中;Dragon却代表罪恶、邪恶。英国人不喜欢Magpie(喜鹊)、大象。伊斯兰教国家对Panda(熊猫)很反感。数字在中西方喜好也有区别。日本不喜欢“4”认为与“死”同音。“7”在欧美国家有积极意义。“13”则象征不幸。出口英国的商标最好不用“666”因为它在圣经里象征魔鬼。还有对花类的青睐禁忌也有区别。如日本人忌讳荷花喜欢樱花意大利人偏爱玫瑰讨厌菊花。翻译时颜色的广告词也不可忽视。如:美国人大都不喜欢紫色;法国人讨厌墨绿色而偏爱蓝色;比利时人最忌蓝色;西方国家以白色象征纯洁把黑色当作死亡。总之各种禁忌无奇不有广告翻译者应大力研究。广告语言承载丰富的文化蕴涵。如MercedesBenz的中译“平治”这两个字马上使人联想到《大学》里所说的“齐家、治国、平天下”。平治汽车是身份的象征车主非富则贵即使不是国家、天下的领导者至少在治、平两方面有些参与。与平治同为名车的BMW译为“宝马”是取B与M的发音。现代的名车就是古代的宝马这两种汽车的翻译就很体现中国的文化内涵迎合了消费者的心理。不熟悉外族文化不了解异域人民的审美心理就会在商标翻译中出现败笔。还有一种出口干电池的商标叫“白象”英译成“WhiteElephant”应该是百分之百的正确。殊不知awhiteelephant这条固定的英文短语意为“沉重的负担”或“无用而累赘的东西”。由于翻译中的这一败笔商品的销路可想而知。为了向译者忠实地转达原文的信息和实现广告语的艺术性有时要做适当的文化转换。如“玉兔”这一商标英译成“MoonRabbit”而不译成“JadeRabbit”。原因是“玉兔”乃是我国神话中陪伴吴刚生活在月宫桂花树下的兔子因此它又成为月的代称。将它译成MoonRabbit体现了我国东方文化的风采使英文不易产生异解不会误以为是玉做成的兔子。三、结束语广告语言本身充满着丰富的想象力和极大的创造性。促销是它惟一的目的而把一国的广告语译成另一国广告语时由于社会文化、语言、民族心理等多方面的原因这种翻译绝非只是一种一一对应的语码转换。要求译者要具备语言、社会文化、民俗、心理学等、经济市场学、广告原理等方面的知识。二、参考文献：三、[1]王秉钦:文化翻译学[M].天津:南开大学出版社1995四、[2][美]萨丕尔:语言论[M].北京:商务印书馆1985五、[3]王佐良:翻译:思考与试笔[M]．北京:外语教学与研究出版社1989
Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很... 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君... 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，...
建议你先找找案例。而且你给你内容也太宽泛了， 西方国家之间的文化也有很大的差异，建议你给出一个特定的国家和地区 再搜索结果。 而且作为毕业论文，引文要20篇以上才够说话。如果你有特定需要，可以留言联系我， 本人在美国读MBA
提供一些商务英语专业毕业论文的题目和写作方向，供参考。 1. 《影响中国学生英语口语流利性的障碍研究》 2. 《跨文化交际中英语口语能力的培养》 3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》 4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》 5. 《单证员/报关员/跟单员等在国际贸易中的地位》 6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》 7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》 8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》 9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》 10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》 11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》 12. 《２００７年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》 13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》 14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》 15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》 16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》 17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》 18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》 19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 》 20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》 21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》 22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》 23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》 24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》 25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》 26. 《应对经济全球化，加快我国企业跨国经营》 27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》 28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》 29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》 30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》 31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》 32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》 33. 《学生商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》 34. 《大学生在运用定语从句时常见错误及分析其原因》 35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》 36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》 37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应（文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等） 38. 形象语在写作中的修辞效果 39. 形象语在英汉诗歌互译中处理手段上的差异 40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨 41. ＂１０＋１＂自由贸易区未来前景展望 42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 43. 商务英语的特征与翻译 44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题 45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈 46. 广州／深圳等地区三资企业结构分析 47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路
商务英语专业毕业论文选题
1、商务英语课程设置的探讨
2、跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响
3、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧
4、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用
5、单证员在国际贸易中的地位
6、商务英语函电翻译技巧
7、商务谈判中英语的重要性
8、浅谈出口结汇风险的防范
9、中国退税制度的改革及其影响
10、商标名称的翻译与策略
11、外贸企业信用风险管理与控制
商务英语专业毕业论文，可以选以下这些容易通过的题目：
1、论文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响
2、从顺应论角度分析商务函电中的委婉语
3、从文体学角度浅析国际商务合同中的语言特点及翻译策略
4、合作原则在商务谈判中的运用
5、功能对等理论在商务英语函电翻译中的应用
6、商务信函的写作原则与技巧
7、商务英语中模糊限制语的语用学研究
8、商务英语中的一词多义现象分析
9、商务英语中的颜色词浅析
10、商务英语中缩略语的翻译策略
11、商务英语信函中委婉语的应用
12、商务英语信函中的语用失误分析
13、商务英语函电的语言特征及翻译策略
14、商务谈判中的语言技巧
15、商务谈判礼仪中的服装禁忌
16、国际商务谈判中的文化障碍及策略研究
17、委婉语在商务英语谈判中的功能和语法手段
18、格莱斯合作原则在商务英语函电中的运用
19、浅析中美商务谈判中的文化冲突
20、模糊语言在商务英语沟通中的语用功能
21、浅析商务谈判中的恭维语应用
22、浅谈文化差异因素对国际商务谈判的影响
23、缩略语在商务英语中的应用
24、试论国际商务谈判中的跨文化问题及对策
25、跨文化商务谈判中的语用失误和对应策略
英语专业毕业论文选题方向哪个好写如下：
英语专业不像是翻译专业，有翻译的大范围限定，也不像学科教育（英语）专业，有教育的大范围限定。作为英语专业的学生在选题上就比较苦逼，先要选择合适的方向，然后再从该方向下选择小方向，拟定题目。
英语专业毕业论文可选择的方向取决于学院导师。在论文正式准备前，学院会为学生们准备毕业论文指导的相关课程，在课程上会指导大家如何准备选题，如何准备论文撰写等相关事宜。也就会为大家介绍本院校的本届英语专业毕业生的毕业论文可选择的方向有哪些。这些方向其实取决于本院校的导师。
每个导师所擅长的专业研究方向不一样，所以基本是一个导师带一个方向的学生。所以选方向和选导师是直接挂钩的。院校会根据导师们擅长的研究方向设定调整毕业论文可选择的方向。当然大模块是不会变动的。
英语专业毕业论文可选择的方向大致如下：语言学、翻译学、文学（以英美文学为主）、学科教育、文化（跨文化沟通等）、商务英语、旅游英语、国际贸易与实务、影视作品分析、其他等方向。（每个学校可能有细微差别，但大体也就这些。）