设置如下：
操作设备：戴尔灵越7400
操作系统：win10
操作程序：word 2012. 21
第一步、样式设置。
在进行论文排版时，需要对论文进行标题设置，一般有一级、二级、三级等标题。
一般的毕业论文结构由中英文摘要、目录、正文三大部分构成。正文根据论述内容分几大章。
首先用使用WPS自带的“标题一”、“标题二”和“标题三”样式设置正文不同层次的标题。
第二步、生成目录。
目录一般在摘要之后，选择需要要插入目录的地方。Word菜单栏——引用——目录——插入目录，可以设置目录的格式。设置好之后可以选择自动插入目录。插入之后，将目录标题设置为一级标题。
第三步、页码的设置。
一般要求封面部分不能要页码，摘要部分单独用罗马数字编辑页码，正文部分用阿拉伯数字重头编码。
首先，需要将整个文档进行“分节”，也就是让主要的三部分内容分开。需要插入分节符。这里重点强调一个技巧，两部分内容之间需要插入分隔符，一定要将这两部分内容之间的换行删除，光标点到需要分节的地方，再插入分节符。
之后word菜单栏中页面布局——分隔符——分节符(下一页)，插入。
接下来，就插入页码。双击页面底部，在右侧出现“与上一节相同”字样，需要去除这个，才能够进行分节编码。在设计中点击“链接到前一条页眉”，则可以解决这个问题。
之后点击页码——设置页码格式，按照要求选择即可。需要注意的是在下方页码编号选择起始页码为1。
最后，我们选择在页面底端插入页码，并对目录进行更新(引用——更新目录)，则可以看出，摘要部分罗马数字编码页码，正文是阿拉伯数字。
第四步、页眉的设置。
页眉的设置相对简单，每个学校有不同的要求。
和页码插入方法一样，首先双击页面顶部，去掉“与上一节相同”，这样就避免对封面也设置页眉。之后选择一种页眉格式，在相应位置输入要求的文字即可。
至此，毕业论文的格式设置基本就完成了。
第五步、页面布局。
毕业论文最后需要打印，所以，为了打印店老板不想设置或者疏忽，我们需要在打印前提早设置好，免得影响论文的阅读和装订。
Word菜单栏页面布局——纸张大小——选择A4。
之后点击文件——选项——高级。将度量单位设置为厘米。
然后点击页面布局——页边距——自定义边距。根据学校具体的要求设置好。
英文的格式有两种：1.、每段开头空两格，段落之间不空格；2、 每段开头不空格，段落之间空一行。 另外一种格式是每段开头定格写，但是段与段之间空一行。这也就是为什么有的开头空几格，而有的没有了。拓展资料英文论文格式规范论文，文献综述是作者对某一方面问题的历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现 状和发展前景等内容进行评论的论文。要求对文献资料进行综合分析、 归纳整理，使材料更精练明确、更有逻辑层次；并对综合整理后的文献进行比较 专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的论述。清晰明确的论文，文献不仅有利于作者更好的表达自己的观点与综合分析，更方便广大读者在阅读过程中更好的把握作者的思想，对论文，文献有一个清晰明确的定位于思考，因此，论文，文献格式的统一要求有着不可或缺的意义。正式的英文学术文章格式设置如下：1、字体为 Times New Roma，大小为12 font（也就是小四）；2、行距 为 或 2倍 行距，段与段之间需要空一行；3、对齐方式为左对齐 或者 两侧对齐（总之，左起必须顶格）；4、Reference（参考文献）必须另起一页，且不计入文章字数
论文英文摘要字体格式
论文英文摘要字体格式规范是怎么样的，大家是否有了解过呢?下面是我为大家收集的关于论文英文摘要字体格式，欢迎大家阅读!
英文摘要及关键词
英文摘要及关键词在前，中文摘要及关键词在后，单倍行距，顶格，五号字。 英文摘要及关键词：字体采用Times New Roman,标示语 “Abstract”、“Key words”及冒号加粗。
英文摘要一般为60-90英文单词，内容应包括论文研究目的、研究方法、研究结论及论文结构等。中文摘要及关键词应与英文摘要及关键词相对应。
关键词是表述论文主要内容和信息的.词语或术语，关键词数量一般为3-5个。
关键词之间须用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不用标点符号。摘要和关键词中出现英文书名用斜体，出现中文书名加书名号
(空1行)
××××××××××××××××(小4号楷体-GB2312,倍行距)×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。
(要求200字) (空2行)
关键词 傲慢与偏见×××，伊丽莎白×××，×××，×××(小4号楷体-GB2312)
说明：
1、“关键词” 为小4号加粗。
2、关键词的个数为3~8个。关键词的排序，通常应按研究的对象、性质(问题)和采取的手段排序，而不应任意排列。
3、“关键词”后面不加冒号，关键词与关键词之间用全角逗号(，)隔开，最后一个关键词后不加任何标点符号
英文摘要格式如下：
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。
论文摘要应包含以下内容：
（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。
（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。
（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。
（4）结论或结果的意义。
以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要
以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要
一般论文排版要求格式如下：
1、论文排版的格式要求非常严格，各大学都会给学生提供一个毕业论文排版要求的模板。各大学是在《GB7713-87》论文排版的基础上进一步规范论文排版的要求，总体要求还是比较相似，但是会比基础要求难一些。
2、论文封面：按照规定，封面一般由论文标题以及学生基本信息组成。论文的标题字号为黑体三号，位置居中显示，其它基本信息用宋体四号加粗填在中间，一般情况下，学校会为学生提供封面、原创声明等部分的模板，学生只需下载应用到论文之中即可。
3、中英文摘要一般都第二页，如果摘要的内容一页不能写完，那就写到下一页，但是，小编提醒大家，摘要内容需要精简，不要有过多的废话。
摘要二字居中，使用二号黑体加粗。后面空行，用小四号宋体嵌入中文摘要，中间空行，然后写关键字，用黑体小四号书写，小四号宋体写关键词内容。
目录位于摘要的下一页，用word自动生成目录的功能。目录二字用黑体三号加粗，位于中间，使用宋体小四号和对应文本的起始页码，在目录的后面空行，编写目录的具体内容。
4、正文与参考文献，正文内容为宋体四号字，建议大家在写完正文后用word自动生成文档目录。具体的大家还需要根据学校提供的模板来排版。
论文提要（黑体四号字） 提要内容（宋体小四号字） 关键词（黑体小四号字）：关键词内容（宋体小四号字）论文标题（黑体小三号字）或（黑体小二号） 一级标题使用黑体四号字，居中。注释使用宋体5号字。其它均使用宋体小四号字。 基本版式正文内容宋体小四号字（论文标题、一级标题和注释除外）参考文献：（黑体五号字） 文献内容（宋体5号字）
每一个学校都会有论文的格式样式要求。建议大家在写一篇论文之前，最好先设置好页面布局及样式，全文编辑好以后，再进行页眉页脚的设置，最后再添加目录。页面设置里面最常用到的就是页边距，装订线与纸张大小的设置，这里我们以A4纸，上下左右边距2厘米，装订线1厘米为例，对页面进行设置。具体的论文排版格式包括：1、论文封面是按学院要求制定：题目用三号黑体，居中；专业、学生姓名及指导教师姓名等用三号黑体，居中。(各系可以组织学生到图书馆统一制作并装订)2、论文摘要。“摘要”两字用三号黑体，居中，两字中间空两汉字格，上下各空一行。摘要内容用小四号宋体，行间距为“固定值”23磅。“关键词” 小四号黑体，加粗。3、目录格式：“目录”二字用三号黑体，居中，两字中间空两汉字格，加粗，上下各空一行。目录下的各章节标题用小四号宋体。4、论文正文格式要求：正文的第一段为“引言”， 两字中间空两汉字格，上下不需空行；单独成页，正文一律用小四号宋体，行间距为“固定值”23磅。标题格式规定如下：(1)第一层次标题前面空二格，用宋体加粗，小四号占一行。(2)第二层次标题前面空二格，用宋体，小四号占一行。5、“参考文献”用三号黑体居中，上下各空1行；内文宋体小四号，每段前面空两格。
你可以咨询一下你的论文指导老师，他们会给你拒绝解答，希望我的回答对你有帮助
毕业论文是指高等学校（或某些专业）为对本科学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前撰写的论文，有规定的论文排版。那么毕业论文如何排版呢？一起了解下吧。 ！！此处使用的是Microsoft office 365的Word文档。
作者姓名（五号，宋体，居中） 单位名称（五号宋体，居中，含地址邮箱） 摘要：单个段落，字数不多于250个，五号字。摘要（三句话：1、文章意义；2、文章主要内容，包括主要思想，方法，结论；3、成果应用领域，意义） 关键词：5号字小写，不超过5个词。 英文名称：小四TimesNewRoman字体，加粗，内容与中文对应 英文摘要：五号TimesNewRoman字体，内容与中文摘要对应 关键词：与中文关键词对应 1.一级标题，小四宋体， 加粗，左对齐 二级标题，五号宋体加粗，左对齐 其实每个学校都有自己的固定范本，此处用比较通用的举例。
中文摘要用第三人称编写，简短精炼，明确具体。摘要格式要规范，不能出现本文、论文等类似字样，不能出现数学公式、插图、表格、参考文献序号等。摘要中应用黑体明确列述该文的创新点（新理论，新观点，新技术，新工艺等等），以便于创新性知识的发现，提取和评价。英文摘要同中文一致，创新点用斜体标出（宋体、小四）。 关键词（黑体、小四、加粗，左对齐）：词1；词2；词3（宋体，小四，要求3-8个，用分号隔开） 页眉：奇数页页眉，居中，宋体，五号，填写内容为“XXX学院学士学位论文”。偶数页页眉居中，宋体，五号，论文中文题目。
Abstract（小四、Times New Roman体、加粗），然后衔接英文摘要部分。 Key words（小四、Times New Roman体、加粗）：word1; word2; word3（小四、Times New Roman体，一律小写，英文缩写除外）。
在工具栏中选择【引用】-【目录】，挑选自己想要的格式即可。 若目录标题不够则可以在【目录】旁添加1、2、3级标题。
二级标题式样（小四、黑体、加粗、左对齐） 三级标题式样（小四、宋体、加粗、左对齐） 正文内容。（小四，宋体，倍行距，字符不缩放，字符间距为“标准”；参考文献标识符号[1]，方括号加数字，小四，Times New Roman，上标表示；所有数字和英文全部为Times New Roman字；除目录可适当调整行距外，其他部分全部为倍行距。页面上下边距为，左右边距为；中英文题目、摘要和关键词页面用罗马数字注页码，其他部分用阿拉伯数字注页码，页码为页脚标识，六号、宋体、居中。） 表（一律用三线表） 表 表的名称（表序分两级，小四、宋体、加粗、居中） 表内文字：小四号、宋体、上下左右居中 注（五号、宋体、加黑）：内容（五号、宋体），有多条注释，用“①、②……”分列。
二级标题式样（小四、黑体、加粗、左对齐） 三级标题式样（小四、宋体、加粗、左对齐）
引言正文
引言作为学术论文正文的起始部分，其撰写的好与坏直接关系到读者是否愿意或考虑是否有必要继续将文章阅读下去。 每段落首行缩进2字，或者手动设置成每段落首行缩进2字，字体使用宋体。
图（图序一级，依次标识，小四号、宋体、加黑、居中）。
奇数页页眉，宋体，五号，居中。偶数页页眉，宋体，五号，居中。填写内容是论文的中文题目。
在菜单栏中找到【插入】-【页码】。
每节的节标题选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题2”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：四号，倍行距，段后为0，段前行。 节中的一级标题选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题3”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：小四，倍行距，段后为0，段前行。
分隔可用word文档中的分隔符自动插入。 找到菜单栏中的【布局】-【分隔符】，选择自己需要的分隔选项即可。
举个例子：如图，表，附注，公式等。文中参考文献采用阿拉伯数字根据全文统一编号，在正文中引用时在右上角标出。 附录中的图、表、附注、参考文献、公式另行编号。 直接使用插入脚注就可以在右上角进行标记。
举个例子：【插入】-【图片】。
期刊文献的著录格式：[序号] 主要责任者、文献题名[文献类型标识]、刊名、年、卷(期):起止页码（五号、宋体）。
普通图书(专著)的著录格式：[序号] 主要责任者、书名[文献类型标识].、其他责任者(选择项)、版本(第1版不标注)、出版地:出版者,出版年:页码(选择项)。 析出文献的著录格式：[序号] 主要责任者、析出文献题名[文献类型标识] 、 编者、原文献名、出版地:出版者、出版年:析出文献起止页码。 学位论文的著录格式：[序号] 作者、题名:[文献类型标识].保存地:保存者、年份。 报纸文章的著录格式：[序号] 主要责任者、文献题名[文献类型标识]、报纸名,出版日期(版次)。
专利文献的著录格式：[序号] 专利申请者、专利题名[文献类型标识]、专利国别、专利号,出版日期。 技术标准(规范)的著录格式：[序号] 起草责任者、标准代号标准顺序号—发布年 、标准名称[文献类型标识]、出版地:出版者,出版年(也可略去起草责任者、出版地、出版者和出版年)。 各种未定义类型文献的著录格式：[序号] 主要责任者、文献题名[Z]、出版地:出版者,出版年。 外文文献的引用格式：各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文格式相同，其中题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写，为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差。 用(SXXXX-XXXX)格式在刊名后加ISSN号。例如[1] KANAMORI H. Shaking without Quaking [J]. Science (S0036-8075), 1998, 279: 2063。
附录2： 附录3： 以上单独成页
感谢院系领导 感谢指导老师 以上单独成页
原则上讲，中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题，解析文章的目的或意图； ② 介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③ 提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。但是，英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长，同样内容的一段文字，若用英文来描述，其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此，撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了，力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区，一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”，因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容，或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容，这样很容易造成文摘重心转移，甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏，这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复，显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容，不能随意增删，但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动，具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则，符合英文专业术语规范，并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态，是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下，摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的，而应根据具体内容而有所变化，否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循，其中存在着如下一些规律： 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A. 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如： This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… ， The result shows (reveals) that… ， It is found that… ， The conclusions are… ， The author suggests that… ．涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。B. 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻（时段）的发现、某一研究过程（实验、观察、调查等过程）。例如： The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 2005. 需要指出的是，用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的，而只是当时如何如何；所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C. 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用，但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来，而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如： Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy. 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有：说明事实经过时，某件事是谁做的，无须一一证明；为强调动作承受者；有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语，例如： In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained. 在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常使用主动语态，其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如： The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头，或采用更简洁的被动语态，一般不用第一人称。 4）遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧，简单、准确地表达作者的观点，减少读者的误解。A. 用词力求简单，在表达同样意思时，尽量用短词代替长词，以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时，应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如，英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等，虽简单常用，但其意义少则十几个，多则几十个，用这类词来描述研究过程，读者难免产生误解，甚至会不知所云，这就要求根据具体情况，选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等，以便于读者理解。B. 造句。尽量使用短句，长句容易造成语义不清；但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型：尽管英文的句型种类繁多，丰富多彩，但摘要的常用句型却很有限，而且形成了一定的规律，大体可归纳为（ 1 ）表示研究目的，常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… （ 2 ）表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… （ 3 ）表示研究的结果： The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… （ 4 ）表示结论、观点或建议： The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语，少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时，使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂，而且容易造成时态混乱（因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”，而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语，在简化语句的同时，还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A. 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握，用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则，即当我们用 the 时，听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如： The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated with solar energy. 由于现在缩略语越来越多，要注意区分 a 和 an ，如 an X ray. B. 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词，如： Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 300. C. 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认，从而造成谓语形式出错。总之，多看英文文献，积累经验，摸索规律，提高英文写作水平，才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型1) This paper deals with... 2) This article focuses on the topics of...3) This essay presents knowledge that... 4) This thesis discusses...5) This thesis analyzes... 6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ... 8) This article gives an overview of...9) This paper provides a method of ... 10) This paper considers...11) The writer of this paper discusses... 12) This paper strongly emphasizes...13) This article explores... 14) This paper tries to describe...15) This article covers the role of chemicals in...16) This paper presents up to date information on...17) This article not only describes...but also suggests...18) This paper includes discussions concerning...19) This article compares...and summarizes key ) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This paper addresses important topics including... 24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reports the latest information on ... 26) This paper provides an analysis of ...27) This paper gives an account of ... 28) The aim of this paper is to determine...29) The objective of this paper is to explore...30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 4. 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语，对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词，而且从标题或摘要中选取，每篇文章可选 3 ～ 8 个关键词，文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词：”，英文关键词前冠以“ Key words ：”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔，以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语，毋用单一词汇，而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展，如：营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。
AbstractNow, environmental issues have become the iron and steel enterprises have to face challenges. In the iron and steel production, from mining of raw materials preparation, coking, sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking, and so on until the finishing line, smoke and dust exist in almost all of the production line, is not only one of the main sources of pollution, but also a waste of resources, the impact of physical and mental health workers, iron and steel enterprises is the main task of environmental the dust on the domestic iron and steel enterprises governance Shougang iron works with the status of dust control analysis, we can understand that in the dust control Shougang has invested huge in this area, but also to take a lot of advanced dust removal technology, compared treatment results significantly. Especially in the application of airtight cover. However, there are some inadequacies, such as the choice of the collector is still lagging , this research paper will be mainly on the 3rd Shougang blast furnace iron works and a silo hopper dust removal equipment of the transformation, including the working principle of electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, as well as the working principle of a long bag ESP transform low-voltage pulse bag filter. There are 3 high-rise silo hopper and a dust of new technologies and practical management of research, namely, the implementation of the dust source or single-double sealed airtight cover and dust vents mobile devices. More convenient in operation and maintenance, the dust concentration to achieve less than posts lOmg/m3, the concentration of precipitator emissions standard of less than 50mg/ above research and analysis will help future blast furnace of Shougang No. 1,2,4 hopper dust pollution, etc., so that Shougang iron works to improve the environmental words iron works, dust, sealed enclosures, ESP
This article elaborated on-line shopping system's whole performance history emphatically. Introduced system's development environment as well as the development kit, have also made the comprehensive narration regarding the design concept and the design cycle, in database foundation between thought as well as each data sheet's aspects and so on concrete connection has also made the detailed explanation, and analyzed system each function to realize the process as well as the detailed design process specifically, during plan simple system function module chart's, made every effort to indicate clearly the design concept as well as and realized specifically to the entire programming's plan. acts according to the physical demand, on-line shopping system this project uses modular the design concept, in Windows under the XP operating system environment, builds JSP movement environment Tomcat , through uses the JAVA script language to complete dynamic, alternately
The study describes the total course for web shopping. It introduces the develop vironment and tools. It also describes the detail of design idea and design course. After it, for the database create idea and the relationship of them are described. The study tell us how to carry out the function with block picture those clearly show us the design idea, program disign and detail on actual requirement, web shopping system designed with block. In the OS of Windows XP, is set up. The program language is JAVA which can realize dynamic and alternating function with WEB function mainly include goods show, goods buying in interface and goods manage, members manage,class manage, order form manage and so system have below function: At first, the alternating between members and administrator. After it, the manage functions are micromesh especially for class management which make it useful for buniness and fit with electric shopping system develop requiment.
下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。
Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < )，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
英文摘要格式如下：
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。
论文摘要应包含以下内容：
（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。
（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。
（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。
（4）结论或结果的意义。
以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要
以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要