1、议论文的格式：
议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：<1> 立论部分;<2> 论证部分; <3> 结论部分。一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：
第一段引出话题;
第二段立论且加以论证;
第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。
2、写作攻略
初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么，明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证，最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式：开头、主体和结尾。一般写作步骤如下：
第一步：确定主题，引出论点；
第二步：通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起；
第三步：得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文。
1、【模板范文】
Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad.
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well. First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English.
Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English. If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English. Most important of all, you can learn something more widely.
All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well. And I hope that all the students can use English freely.
2、【模板范文】
Nowadays,many students like to make friends this different people have different opinions.
On the one hand,some
people think it's interesting totalk with friends you will never feel lonely when youare you are lucky enough to make a friend from Englishspeaking country,you can improve your English , it's pretty cool to have several foreign friends.
But every coinhas two a few people have made really goodfriends people are cheated by the ＂friends＂.Besides,it is terrible for students to spen
d much time makingfriends and talking online.
Some people say making friends online is making there is something in what they say.
导语：议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!
一.开头句型
far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
this respect, 从这个角度上
, 然而…
三.结尾句型
will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
… for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)
八 因果推理法常用句型
we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。
要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头
2、紧扣主题的结尾
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
goes without saying that…不言而喻…
can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，
has to be noticed that…必须注意到…
's generally recognized that…普遍认为…
1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展
2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……
我无法完全同意这一观点
far as I am concerned/In my opinion……
就我而言……
5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……
最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……
英语论文格式模板
英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。
英语论文用激光打印机打印，打印稿为黑白稿，彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心：a4纸，上、下页边距 cm，左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过， 长不得超过。
字体和字号：正文，标题，作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体，斜体。
行距：单倍行距。
页码：论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字，位于页面下方居中。
文体：文章应语法正确，技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长，请采用title: subtitle的形式。
数学公式：文中的数学公式不得手写，必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用，应该编号。公式之间，公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位： 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内，单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献，如anmc metric editorial guide， 5th ed，1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council， 1735n. lynn street， suite 950， arlington， va 22209-2022)
图表：
标题说明和图例：插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1，figure 2，table 1，table 2)。图的说明和标题，包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题，包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。
位置：图可以插入到正文中，或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图，尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式，可选择上下环绕方式。
底纹：插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹，否则会影响印刷效果。
照片：如果文中需要附上照片，在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片，标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印，请不要提供彩色照片，以免影响印刷效果。
扫描图：印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图，请提供灰色色标扫描图。
作者联络信息：请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的，包括以下内容：作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
参考文献：所有参考文献为单倍行距，放在文章最后，按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献，按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时，作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小，难于辨认，正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用，如果正文中没有引用，请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分，或者相关材料(related materials)部分。
基本论文格式
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
4、论文格式的字体：各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
5、论文格式的字号：论文题目用三号字体，居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
6、格式正文打印页码，下面居中。
7、论文打印纸张规格：A4210297毫米。
8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中，字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上：3厘米;下：厘米;左：厘米;右：厘米;装订线：厘米;装订线位置：左侧;页眉：厘米;页脚厘米。
9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中，缩进选0厘米，间距选0磅，行距选倍，特殊格式选(无)，调整右缩进选项为空，根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。
10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样，并左对齐。
11、使用软件：MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
文献注释
注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目，集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字，不要列入文末的参考文献，而要作为注释放在页下，用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式，如：
①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体，注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体，英语采用Times New Roman 9号。
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
英语论文答辩开场白（精选7篇）
在现在社会，许多人对开场白的掌握需求逐渐增多，开场白应该达到明确您的'意图，使目标愿意和您交流，允许您提出问题的目的。那么，开场白一般是怎么写的呢？以下是我帮大家整理的英语论文答辩开场白，欢迎大家分享。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole years hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, thats all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels addicts. For the above facts, I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper.
Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This times literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Good morning.
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.)
I am XXX. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor XXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is XXXXXXXXX.
The whole thesis consists of --- parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of ------. And the second part is going to analyze ----------.
In the third part, ---------will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about --------. Then the author will dig into the root causes of ------- in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal --------of ---------in the last part. Thank you!
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee am xsj and my supervisor is zy. With his sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Heavenly War and Earthly Conflict, an Insight into John Miltons Paradise Lost. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this story as one of texts in British and American literature Selections. Last but not least, I am keen on the study of human nature and the profound significance and instructions for us from John Milton. For the above facts, I select the Heavenly war and earthly conflict an insight into John Miltons Paradise Lost as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this great poem we can know more about this Literature masterpiece,and I also want to show my own understanding about it.
Next, here is an outline of my presentation and I devide my paper into four parts. Part one presents an introduction of John Milton and Paradise Lost. Part two introduces the main contents of the book of Paradise Lost. Part three gives my own analysis of major characters in Paradise Lost. Part four draws some conclusions by my careful reading and thinking.
OK, that is all. Thank you. Now you may raise your questions. I am ready.
Good morning.
all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
1，谦虚，不要和老师争论。老师说什么就是什么，只管微笑着点头。2，让没事的朋友在电脑旁边等着，等老师问你问题后，会让你出来准备，你有搞不定的问题可以短信你朋友，立刻百度一下。当然，提前去图书馆借些相关书籍更是应该的。3，回答问题要简练，说到点子上，不要废话，语态要好，手上不要有多余动作，坐姿要正。实在搞不定的问题可以说，这个问题我目前还缺乏研究，等下去后会查找资料认真研究。但与其相关的某某问题/方面目前是什么情况。4，如果是硕士博士的话最后有一个答谢导师环节，不要太动情说太多话，说三四句即可。祝你成功。跟你的论文相关的,要阐述下你写这个论文的思路,想法,为什么选这个题目.老师会根据你的叙述跟论文问相关问题1.直接向指导老师求助---答辩一定程度与指导老师捆绑，指导老师有职责和相应的面子风险；2.把“自己”的论文赶紧熟悉起来，自己都不知道写点啥肯定一问三不知；3.也别太怕所谓的答辩---其实老师一看文章基本心里就知道文章的所下的功夫，提问只是进一步了解而已。本科以下的答辩尺度把握不会太严。4.吸取教训，别临时抱佛脚了。今后的工作必须要认真、踏实，不然做不好事情成不了大事的！最后，祝毕业顺昨，每天都在进步！正式答辩开始，下面是我的部分发言： 尊敬的评委老师以及在座的各位同学：大家早上好。我是X级XX专业的XX，很高兴在这里论文答辩，希望今天能为我20年的学生生涯画上一个完满的句号。（这句可是我琢磨了半天的经典啊） 下面，论文答辩 论文答辩ppt 论文答辩技巧,就我毕业论文的选题原因，国内外研究现状，研究目的，研究方法，研究内容，研究结论等问题向大家做一个简单的汇报。 之所以选择这样一个论文题目，主要是基于以下三方面的考虑：………… 以上是我毕业论文的一些基本情况，欢迎各位老师批评指正（这句话挨了一顿批，答辩主席先给我个下马威。这句可是我上网时看到的，以示谦卑，没想到犯了本本主义错误。答辩之前最好是多答辩评委老师的性格爱好都有个底，尤其是答辩委员会的主席，他可是一把手），谢谢。 在答辩中有一些小体会，这里与大家分享，希望对大家有所帮助。 答辩分为三个阶段：陈述期（20-25分钟）、提问期、回答期，三个阶段大致一个多小时左右一个人。 在陈述期的20分钟，有的学院要答辩者做PPT,有的则不用；有的陈述时要脱稿，有的则可以看稿子。在这个阶段，一般情况下没有老师在听你讲什么，他们都在低头看你给他们发的论文和论文简介，因为这么厚的论文是没有老师有时间看的，他们也都是临阵摸枪，看个大概。所以在这一阶段，你的任务就是磨时间，注意语气要平缓，要稳，发言时尽量不要太专业化，没有人听你讲晦涩的理论，当然，更不能拉家常，说一些你们邻居家怎们怎么的事情，这显得你太没专业素养和水准。总之，这个度要拿捏好。注意观察老师和同学的表情，察言观色才是硬道理。 在提问期这个阶段，聆听是你的主要任务。老师会为你磨时间。有本校的老师，一般都会先评价下你的论文，当然是说很多好话的，这都是讲给答辩委员会主席听的。接下来就是提问，老师提问的时候你要记好他的问题，理解他的意思。在记得时候要注意把你回答的要点关键字一起写上，因为老师问完了你就要回答的，如果你反应比较快，你可以把老师的问题分类做个概述，然后按类作答，这样更显得你这孩子不错。 回答之前要对老师的评价和建议表示感谢，接下来回答老师的问题。第一个问题，先念一下题目，然后作答。作答时忌讳一盲目自大，得意洋洋，一副欠抽的样子，忌讳二信心不足，慌里慌张，没有底气，一副心虚的样子。要知道论文是你写的，你看的相关东西比他们多，所以你可以大胆的说，只要自圆其说即可。在这一阶段回答时要言简意赅，一语中的，废话少说，言多语失，能说就说，不能说的就说自己在这方面写论文的时候也考虑过，但考虑的不充分。忌讳的是不知道了就不说话，大家都不说话，气氛就凝固了，在论文答辩中如果没人说话，那就不好了，所以一定要说，哪怕你说不会，也比不说好。 值得一提的是，老师提问的问题有大有小。有对理论的，所以你要对你论文的理论了如指掌，尤其是一些相近的名词，尤其是长的差不多的词，比如这次我们同学的社会资源、社会资本、社会关系这三个词就让老师给缠了半天；有对方法的，所以你要对你做的调查细节注意再注意，不要有闪失。应付的东西老师都能看出来，人家干了这么多年，眼睛都很毒的；有对细节感兴趣的，所以你要对你的论文的逻辑结构、句子通顺与否、措词、错别字、标点尤其是摘要部分注意注意再注意注意，在这些方面出问题显得你不够认真仔细，所以校对时要下功夫，可以和同学交换校对，因为我们对自己写的东西，挑错别字是很困难的。摘要就那么点字，又在论文开头，这可是门面啊，还有最好有个后记，感谢之类的话，虽然老套，但咱们读了这么多年的书也应该感谢一下老师，必须的嘛。 答辩通过基本上是十拿九稳的，但是咱们也不能弄的太难看。自己丢人无所谓，给导师丢人就是罪过了。为了导师，为了自己，也要好好表现。好了，基本上就说这么多吧，各个专业各个学校的情况不一样，我说的只是一家之言，仅供参考而已，希望对大家有些帮助。快要硕士论文答辩了，PPT还没有做，在网上搜索了一通，大概知道了做论文答辩PPT的要点。也给需要答辩的同学一个参考。哇卡卡！一、要对论文的内容进行概括性的整合，将论文分为引言和试验设计的目的意义、材料和方法、结果、讨论、结论、致谢几部分。二、在每部分内容的presentation中，原则是：图的效果好于表的效果，表的效果好于文字叙述的效果。最忌满屏幕都是长篇大论，让评委心烦。能引用图表的地方尽量引用图表，的确需要文字的地方，要将文字内容高度概括，简洁明了化，用编号标明。三、1 文字版面的基本要求幻灯片的数目：学士答辩10min10～20张硕士答辩20min 20～35张博士答辩30min30～50张2 字号字数行数：标题44号（40）正文32号（不小于24号字）每行字数在20～25个每张PPT 6～7行（忌满字）中文用宋体(可以加粗)，英文用 TimeNew Romans对于PPT中的副标题要加粗 3PPT中的字体颜色不要超过3种（字体颜色要与背景颜色反差大）建议新手配色：（1）白底，黑、红、篮字（2）蓝底，白、黄字（浅黄或橘黄也可） 4 添加图片格式：好的质量图片TIF格式，GIF图片格式最小图片外周加阴影或外框效果比较好PPT总体效果：图片比表格好，表格比文字好；动的比静的好，无声比有声好。四、(注意)幻灯片的内容和基调。背景适合用深色调的，例如深蓝色，字体用白色或黄色的黑体字，显得很庄重。值得强调的是，无论用哪种颜色，一定要使字体和背景显成明显反差。注意：要点！用一个流畅的逻辑打动评委。字要大：在昏暗房间里小字会看不清，最终结果是没人听你的介绍。不要用PPT自带模板：自带模板那些评委们都见过，且与论文内容无关，要自己做，简单没关系，纯色没关系，但是要自己做！时间不要太长：20分钟的汇报，30页内容足够，主要是你讲，PPT是辅助性的。记得最后感谢母校，系和老师，弄得煽情点 ^_^ 。
答辩ppt要包含的内容如下：
一、首页的内容要求具体如下：
1、论文题目一定要有，不能遗漏或者写错字、漏字等问题。
2、学校系院、论文指导老师、答辩人姓名也要一一填写呈现，此外答辩时间根据需要决定是否写上，若写上答辩时间一定要精准。
3、首页布局上一定要记得插入学校的logo。
二、中页是整个答辩PPT的核心，其主要内容从目录页开始呈现，主要如下：
1、选题背景：撰写自己论文写作背景，语言简洁明了，条理清晰。
2、选题原因；建议可以分为两个方面进行分点阐述：
个人方面：个人专业相关和兴趣喜好。
社会方面：主要从理论研究方面对社会痛点进行阐述，2-3句话即可。
3、选题意义：论文的选题意义可从以下两个方面进行阐述：
理论意义：本文从XX角度出发，研究XX，是对XX理论的补白和细化。
实际意义：通过针对XX的研究，能够解决掉当下XX方面的难题，且为后续的进一步研究和发展奠定了更为丰富的理论基础，进而能够为未来的发展提供更加具有价值的可参考研究。
论文答辩PPT需要注意
PPT的顺序应该跟论文保持一致。首先论文答辩，论文答辩，是对论文进行答辩。你在答辩之前会打印几本毕业论文，尤其是本科生，你在上面讲，老师在下面翻着你的毕业论文，相同的逻辑顺序，有利于加深老师们的印象。
每一页PPT要设置页数，方便老师记录，针对你PPT的内容，评委老师，可以具体到某一页某个问题，进行提问，PPT最好是4:3的形式，这样大多数投影仪可以最大化显示你的幻灯片。而且做PPT，两侧上下一定要留一点点的白，既好看，又能保证投影仪歪了等问题不影响你内容的完整体现。
我的毕业论文答辩ppt模板种类多，不仅仅只是针对本科生，大专，研究生都可以用，希望给你帮助，
毕业论文答辩模板
链接： 提取码：gab2
关于内容： 1、一般概括性内容：课题标题、答辩人、课题执行时间、课题指导教师、课题的归属、致谢等； 2、课题研究内容：研究目的、方案设计（流程图）、运行过程、研究结果、创新性、应用价值、有关课题延续的新看法等； 3、PPT要图文并茂，突出重点，让答辩老师明白哪些是自己独立完成的，页数不要太多，30页左右足够，不要出现太多文字，老师对文字和公式都不怎么感兴趣； 4、凡是贴在PPT上的图和公式，要能够自圆其说，没有把握的坚决不要往上面贴； 5、每页下面记得标页码，这样比较方便评委老师提问的时候review 。关于模板： 1、不要用太华丽的企业商务模板，学术ppt最好低调、简洁一些； 2、推荐底色白底（黑字、红字和蓝字）、蓝底（白字或黄字）、黑底（白字和黄字），这三种配色方式可保证幻灯质量，个人觉得学术ppt还是白底好； 3、动手能力强的大牛可以自己做符合课题主题的模板，其实很简单，就是把喜欢的图在“幻灯片母版”模式下插入就行了。 关于文字： 1、首先就是：不要太多！图优于表，表优于文字，答辩的时候照着ppt念的人最逊了； 2、字体大小最好选ppt默认的，标题用44号或40号，正文用32号，一般不要小于20号。标题推荐黑体，正文推荐宋体，如果一定要用少见字体，记得答辩的时候一起copy到答辩电脑上，不然会显示不出来； 3、正文内的文字排列，一般一行字数在20～25个左右，不要超过6～7行。更不要超过10行。行与行之间、段与段之间要有一定的间距，标题之间的距离（段间距）要大于行间距。关于图片： 1、图片在ppt里的位置最好统一，整个ppt里的版式安排不要超过3种。图片最好统一格式，一方面很精制，另一方面也显示出做学问的严谨态度。图片的外周，有时候加上阴影或外框，会有意想不到的效果； 2、关于格式，tif格式主要用于印刷，它的高质量在ppt上体现不出来，照片选用jpg就可以了，示意图我推荐bmp格式，直接在windows画笔里按照需要的大小画，不要缩放，出来的都是矢量效果，比较pro，相关的箭头元素可以直接从word里copy过来； 3、流程图，用viso画就可以了，这个地球人都知道； 4、ppt里出现图片的动画方式最好简洁到2种以下，还是那句话，低调朴素为主； 5、动手能力允许的话，学习一下photoshop里的基本操作，一些照片类的图片，在ps里做一下曲线和对比度的基本调整，质量会好很多。windos画笔+ps，基本可以搞定一切学术图片。 关于提问环节： 评委老师一般提问主要从以下几个方面： 1、他本人的研究方向及其擅长的领域； 2、可能来自课题的问题：是确实切合本研究涉及到的学术问题（包括选题意义、重要观点及概念、课题新意、课题细节、课题薄弱环节、建议可行性以及对自己所做工作的提问）； 3、来自论文的问题：论文书写的规范性，数据来源，对论文提到的重要参考文献以及有争议的某些观察标准等； 4、来自幻灯的问题：某些图片或图表，要求进一步解释； 5、不大容易估计到的问题：和课题完全不相干的问题。似乎相干，但是答辩者根本未做过，也不是课题涉及的问题。答辩者没有做的，但是评委想到了的东西，答辩者进一步打算怎么做。 建议 一、要对论文的内容进行概括性的整合，将论文分为引言和试验设计的目的意义、材料和方法、结果、讨论、结论、致谢几部分。 二、在每部分内容的presentation中，原则是：图的效果好于表的效果，表的效果好于文字叙述的效果。最忌满屏幕都是长篇大论，让评委心烦。能引用图表的地方尽量引用图表，的确需要文字的地方，要将文字内容高度概括，简洁明了化，用编号标明。 三、 1、文字版面的基本要求 幻灯片的数目： 学士答辩10min 10～20张 硕士答辩20min 20～35张 博士答辩30min 30～50张 2、字号字数行数： 标题44号（40） 正文32号（不小于24号字） 每行字数在20～25个 每张PPT 6～7行 （忌满字） 中文用宋体(可以加粗)，英文用 Time New Romans 对于PPT中的副标题要加粗 3、PPT中的字体颜色不要超过3种（字体颜色要与背景颜色反差大） 建议新手配色： （1）白底，黑、红、篮字 （2）蓝底，白、黄字（浅黄或橘黄也可） 4、添加图片格式： 好的质量图片TIF格式，GIF图片格式最小 图片外周加阴影或外框效果比较好 PPT总体效果：图片比表格好，表格比文字好；动的比静的好，无声比有声好。 四、(注意) 幻灯片的内容和基调。背景适合用深色调的，例如深蓝色，字体用白色或黄色的黑体字，显得很庄重。值得强调的是，无论用哪种颜色，一定要使字体和背景显成明显反差。注意：要点！用一个流畅的逻辑打动评委。字要大：在昏暗房间里小字会看不清，最终结果是没人听你的介绍。不要用PPT自带模板：自带模板那些评委们都见过，且与论文内容无关，要自己做，简单没关系，纯色没关系，但是要自己做！时间不要太长：20分钟的汇报，30页内容足够，主要是你讲，PPT是辅助性的。 记得最后感谢母校，系和老师，弄得煽情点。
会议论文摘要格式要求有哪些
会议论文摘要格式要求大家有了解过吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于会议论文摘要格式要求有哪些，希望能够帮到大家!
论文摘要由专题编号、题目、作者姓名、作者信息(所在单位、所在省市名称及邮政编码，E-mail地址，电话号码)，摘要、关键词、作者简介组成，请勿缺项。除作者简介可单独使用中文外，其它各项必须使用中、英文双语，中、英摘要各不得超过一页。中文字体采用宋体，英文字体采用times new roman字体。
中文版要求
1. 专题编号：五号字体;靠左。
2. 论文题目：四号字体，加粗;居中。
3. 作者姓名：五号字体;居中。
4. 作者信息：五号字体;居中;包括所在单位、所在省市名称及邮政编码，E-mail地址，电话号码。要标明二级单位(大学：院系;研究院所：处、室)。
5. 摘要：小五号字体;字数500-900字。
6. 关键词：小五号字体;关键词3~5个，用空格间隔。
7. 作者简介：五号字体。
8. 格式设置规范
页面设置：A4;页边距，左右厘米，上下3厘米。
行距：倍行距;论文题目后、作者姓名后、作者信息、关键字后空一行
范文如下：
中国城市住宅价格的.多元回归模型构建
高丹1
王菡珏2
1中国人民大学，商学院财务与金融系;北京市海淀区中关村大街59号 100872;
2中国人民大学，不动产研究中心;北京市海淀区中关村大街59号 100872;
摘要：城市商品住宅价格的影响因素是多方面的，本文选取了地区生产总值、人均地区生产总值、城镇居民人均可支配收入、城镇居民家庭恩格尔系数、年末全市实有住宅总面积五个社会经济指标，运用SPSS逐步回归分析方法，分别建立北京、上海、重庆城市商品住宅价格多元回归模型，分析各地住宅价格模型特征，为房地产市场分析者及政府宏观调控部门提供参考。
关键词：住宅价格 恩格尔系数 人均可支配收入
会议是人们为了解决某个共同的问题或出于不同的目的聚集在一起进行讨论、交流的活动，而会 议论文 格式就是指进行论文写作时的样式要求，以及写作标准。我整理了会议论文的格式，欢迎阅读! 会议论文的格式 1、题目：应简洁、明确、有概括性，字数不宜超过20个字。 2、摘要：要有高度的概括力，语言精练、明确，中文摘要约100—200字; 3、关键词：从论文标题或正文中挑选3～5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。 4、目录：写出目录，标明页码。 5、正文： 论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。 论文正文：包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。 前言(引言)是论文的开头部分，主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识，并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。 本论是论文的主体，包括研究内容与 方法 、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。 结论是论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是 总结 全文，加深题意。 6、谢辞：简述自己通过做论文的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。 7、参考文献：在论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料，所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。 8、注释：在论文写作过程中，有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。 9、附录：对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入附录中。 关于会议的论文 范文 电视会议技术发展 摘要 本文以视频会议系统组成，介绍了视频会议的协议标准、编解码标准及 网络技术 ，并对视频会议技术的发展前景进行了简单分析。 关键词 视频会议系统;视频会议技术;发展趋势 中图分类号TN91 文献标识码A 文章 编号 1674-6708(2012)68-0184-02 电视会议是通过电视和通信网络在两个或者多个地点之间举行的虚拟会议，它通过各种设备传送图像、声音以达到交流的目的，还可以通过白板发表意见;同时还能够观察与会人员的表情、动作、形象等，在会议效果上几乎等同于现场会议。电视会议适应了信息化时代便利、快速的特点，支持了远距离人们之间进行信息共享与交流，越来越多的公司、企业以及政府部门开始应用电视会议技术。 1 电视会议系统组成 电视会议系统主要由终端设备、传输设备、节点交换设备、附属备件等组成。1)终端设备。终端设备主要是完成信号发送与接收任务的，它将信息、音频、视频等各种信号进行处理之后组合成数据码流，再将数据码流进行信号格式转变，使其能够进行传输。终端设备主要有电视机、麦克风、控制切换设备、图像处理设备、编译码器、调制调解器等;2)传输设备。传输设备是经过终端设备加工后传输语音信号、图像信号的信道，主要有数字微波、卫星、电缆、ISDN网络、光缆、DDN专线等信道;3)节点交换设备。节点交换设备也就是多点控制单元。当有多方共同举行电视会议的时候，必须要使用节点交换设备将终端设备发出的信息、音频、视频等信号转换成为同一种模式的信号格式，然后再进行分配。节点交换设备就像一台交换机，将来自各个会场的信息流进行同步分离，将信息、音频、视频等数据抽取出来完成切换或者混合，最后将各个会场所需要的信息进行重新组合，送往对应会场的终端设;4)相关的附属备件。包括计算机监视器、放映机、白板、录像机、投影仪等。 2 电视会议技术发展 协议标准 随着视频会议系统市场需求的旺盛，越来越多的企业从事这方面的生产与研究工作，为了有效解决不同厂家生产的产品之间的互通问题，国家电信联盟自20世纪90年代便开始制定全球统一的视频会议标准。制定的主要保准有用于ISDN上的协议，用于局域网桌面上的协议，用于电话网上的协议，用于B-ISDN与ATM网络上的协议，还有视频编解码标准、、、、等。其中，协议与协议是最为成熟的技术，现在，是目前世界上应用最广泛的协议标准。 编解码技术 在各种信号的传输当中，视频信号的传输占用的带宽比较多，编解码技术是减少带宽一个关键环节。目前视频编解码的保准主要有两个，一个是国际标准化组织制定的MPEG系列，另一个是国际电信联盟制定的系列。MPEG系列主要有MPEG-1、MPEG-2以及MPEG-4等;系列主要有、以及等。国际电信联盟于2005年推出的因其低码率，尤其是高达102:1的数据压缩比，在视频编解码技术中得到广泛应用。当前，也正在研发制定阶段，它的压缩比率甚至比要高1倍以上，而且对编码与解码过程的计算量没有明显的影响。随着技术的不断发展，人们也正在将计算机视觉以及图形图像的识别、理解技术等相关内容融入至压缩编码算法当中。这些新算法、新理论正在不断促使着信息处理技术前进与完善，从而推动了电视会议技术的发展。 网络技术 目前，使用比较多的网络有ATM网、IP技术、宽带智能网。1)从网络技术的发展趋势来讲， IP技术的应用已经成为一个新的发展趋势。多媒体网络的一个发展趋势技术IP技术，尤其是IPV6技术更是进一步增加了IP的地址空间，具有了动态地分配网络地址与支持实时业务的功能，使IP层安全因素得到大大增加;2)宽带智能网突破了ATM网的局限，具备一些ATM网没有的功能，实现了将业务控制和信息传输分离开来的目标，而且系统的扩展性与相容性也比较好;3)ATM具有面向连接、延时小、吞吐量大、端口速率高等许多的优点，多媒体通信需求得到完全满足。但是设备的花费比较高，还要受到ATM网络的限制，如果没有ATM网则无法使用。因此，具体选择哪种网络技术方式来举行电视会议，要从工作效率、管理水平以及管理费用等方面进行综合考虑。 3 视频会议发展趋势 高清视频 由于交互式多媒体电视会议技术的时效性、可靠性以及传输载体质量与数量的不断提高，音频、视频传输也会更加逼真、清晰。同时接入方式的多样化，能够兼容不同速率、不同标准、不同厂家生产的各类终端。诸多的优点，使得多媒体电视会议技术有着更广阔的市场前景。 云视频会议 云计算技术的运用，使云视频会议具有高保真音频以及高清晰视频，数据可以同步传送，实现了协同操作;只要有网络与终端，就可以支持万人以上甚至数十万人同时举行会议。虽然云视频会议具有诸多的优点，但是性能的稳定性阻碍了其发展前进的脚步，所以安全系数高、简单易用、稳定性强等性能过硬的产品是厂家研究方向的重点，而不是研发更多的功能。 三网融合 三网融合指的是互联网、广播电视网、电信网的融合，将三者进行整合使其成为统一的相互兼容、相互渗透的信息同信网络，这就意味着视频会议将会不再受制于带宽的限制，实现成本较低的高数据流。三网融合也使手机屏、电脑屏以及电视屏统一起来，从而使会议地点不再局限于会议室内。 4 结论 近几年来视频会议技术发展飞快，技术不断成熟，音音频与视频传输质量有了大幅度提高，安全性与稳定性也有了长足的进步。随着云计算机的应用以及三网的融合，更是对视频会议的发展起到了推波助澜的作用。由此可以看出。视频会议技术的发展前景充满希望，以后会逐步地向集约化、简单化的方向发展，更贴近大众市场。 参考文献 [1]倪奇志，李文，苗军.SRIO联手DSP阵列创完美电视会议系统[J].信息系统工程，2008(9). [2]__钢. Pro/ENGINEER中创建尺寸阵列特征的思路及方法[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化，2007(1). [3]“点对点”迈向“多点”——桌面电视会议技术新应用[J].中国计算机用户，2007(42). [4]王玲，徐正雄，廖晓斌，王佳.电视会议技术的组成方法研究[J].解放军医院管理杂志，2009(2).看了“会议论文的格式”的人还看：1. ei会议论文格式 2. 学术会议通知格式范文6篇 3. 学术论文标准格式规范 4. 学术论文写作标准格式要求 5. 发表学术论文格式要求
会议论文写作方法如下：
题名：准确，简明，清晰，符合索引要求，中文题名一般不超过20个汉字。
作者单位：提供作者一，二级单位的名称及邮编。
摘要：以提供论文内容梗概为目的，包括：研究目的，方法，结果和结论4个基本要素，不加评论和注释，以第三人称简明，确切地记述论文的重要内容， 不用”本人，笔者，本文”等第一人称作主语，以200至300字左右为宜。
关键词：是表征论文主题内容具有实质意义的词语，一般3~8个。
作者简介：姓名（出生年） ，性别（民族汉族可省略） ，籍贯，学历（学位），职称，职务，研究方向。请提供第一作者联系电话和E-mail地址。
参考文献：在正文中采用顺序编码制对所引的内容进行标注。
基金项目：如果文章是基金项目的成果或一部分，请提供基金项目的名称和编号。
中图分类号：查阅《中国图书馆分类法》（第4版）进行分类，如果作者查不到，此项可不做，编审过程中由编辑补做。
文献标志码和文章编号可空缺。
毕业论文提纲范文 编写提纲的步骤： （一）确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要 论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。 一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。 在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料 *** 去，就形成了论文内容的提要。 （二）原稿纸页数的分配 写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。 如计划写20页原稿纸（每页300字）的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。 （三）编写提纲 论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。 这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。 以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样： 一、序论 二、本论 （一）培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件 （二）目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状 （三）培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策 三、结论 详细提纲，是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲，那么，执笔时就能更顺利。 下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法： 一、序论 1.提出中心论题； 2，说明写作意图。 二、本论 （一）培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件 1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境； 2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求； 3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证； 4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。 （二）目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状 1.供大于求的买方市场； 2，有市无场的隐形市场； 3.易进难出的畸形市场； 4，交易无序的自发市场。 （三）培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策 1.统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控； 2.加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易； 3.健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易； 4.调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动； 5，深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。 三、结论 1，概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务； 2.呼应开头的序言。 上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。 如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大；但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业'论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。 三、毕业论文提纲的拟定 如何落笔拟定毕业论文提纲呢？首先要把握拟定毕业论文提纲的原则，为此要掌握如下四个方面： （一）要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。 比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江**市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。 （二）从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。 一块毛料寸寸宝贵，台不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。 所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。 （三）要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。 初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据；有的材料一大堆，论点不明确；有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的毕业论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。 下面再简单阐述一下编写毕业论文提纲的方法： 1.先拟标题； 2.写出总论点； 3.考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架； 4.大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句（即段旨）； 5.依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用； 6.全面检查，作必。 毕业论文大纲格式范本有没有？ 1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文： (1)引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。 本科毕业论文大纲怎么写？注意,是大纲 封面（写上题目、学校、院系、学号、姓名） 内容摘要（第二页） 关键词 正文（第一部分、第二部分、第三部分） 结语 英文摘要 以上是本科毕业的论文格式。 毕业设计（论文）大纲格式样本： 一般先确定标题咯。 如： （不过标号有错），然后么大标题稍微描写下。 我们学校一般是搞任务书的 目录 引言…………………………………………………………………………………5 1.公务员的涵义与范围……………………………………………………………5 国外公务员的涵义与范围……………………………………………………5 我国公务员的涵义与范围……………………………………………………7 我国公务员和国外公务员的区别……………………………………………7 2. 报考公务员的现状和趋势 ……………………………………………………8 近三年，报考公务员的人数和大学生占的比例 ……………………………9 各专业学生可选择报考公务员岗位的情况 …………………………………10 近三年公务员冷、热门岗位的竞争情况 ……………………………………11 3.“公务员热”产生的原因 ………………………………………………………12 宏观方面 ………………………………………………………………………13 市场经济优胜劣汰机制和高校的不断扩招，导致大学生严峻的就业形势，从而催化了公务员考试过热的现象 ………………………………………………13 目前我国社会保障制度尚不完善，相对来说，公务员这一“铁饭碗”具有极大的吸引力 ………………………………………………………………………14 “官本位”思想和父辈们的教育方式，影响了当代大学生的择业观念，导致了“公务员热”的产生 …………………………………………………………15 公务员的录用方面 ……………………………………………………………16 公务员录用采取的方式——公开考试，公平性 …………………………16 公务员录用坚持的原则，合理性 …………………………………………17 公务员的工资、福利待遇方面 ………………………………………………18 公务员的工资，稳定性 ……………………………………………………18 公务员的保险，全面性 ……………………………………………………19 公务员的福利，优厚性 ……………………………………………………20 4.针对“公务员考试热”的建议 …………………………………………………21 对 *** 而言 ……………………………………………………………………21 进一步拓宽就业渠道，鼓励自我创业 ……………………………………21 完善公务员制度，从立法上打破“铁饭碗”现象，公务员向职业化发展 ……………………………………………………………………………………22 完善其他岗位相关的福利和保障体系，吸引更多人的目光 ……………24 对高校而言 ……………………………………………………………………25 加强对大学生的职业规划教育引导 ………………………………………25 为学生推荐适合不同专业的职业岗位，防止出现盲目跟风的“羊群效应” …………………………………………………………………………………26 对家庭而言 ……………………………………………………………………27 改变传统的教育观念，鼓励子女选择适合的职位 ………………………27 父母可适当降低择业期望值，引导孩子先就业后图发展 ………………28 对个人而言 ……………………………………………………………………28 做好个人的职业生涯规划，给自己合理定位，可以选择先就业再择业 ……………………………………………………………………………………28 根据自身情况，从专业出发，确定职业目标 ……………………………29 提高自身的择业心理素质，鼓励从基层工作做起 ………………………30 结论 …………………………………………………………………………………32 谢辞 …………………………………………………………………………………32 参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………3326edu/soft/24967。 论文提纲范文 我国上市公司资本结构优化的对策研究 摘 要：企业资本结构是影响企业治理结构的主要因素。 当前，我国企业改革正在向纵深推进，资本结构是否合理将直接关系到企业能否在市场上取得长远发展。因此，优化资本结构刻不容缓。 以我国国有上市公司为研究对象，从影响企业资本结构的因素入手，考察其资本结构现状，分析其原因及后果，在此基础上对资本结构的优化进行思考并提出一些意见和建议。？ 关键词：上市公司；资本结构；优化？ 1 现代资本结构优化的标准及影响因素？ 作为企业本身，其经营的目标是最大限度的获取利润，投资者投资企业的目的也是获取最大的投资收益。 因此，企业的最优资本结构应是使企业利润、投资者收益最大化的。以市场价值最大作为评价企业资本结构的目标，隐含的假设是企业市场价值最大化与企业利润最大化相统一，与投资者投资收益最大化相统一。 但由于证券市场的盲目性，股票价格和企业利润的变化方向往往并不统一，并且在以两权分离为主要特征的现代企业中，企业投资者与经营者的目标并不一致。因此这样的假设是不成立的。 ？ 另外，企业的市场价值是由股票的市场价值和债券的市场价值组成的。但我国的证券市场还不发达，在这种情况下，绝大多数企业的市场价值就难于正确的测定。 因此，以企业的市场价值作为评价企业资本结构的标准，缺乏可操作性。？ 由此可看出，企业市场价值最大化不能成为企业资本结构优化的标准，企业资本结构优化应以企业利润最大化和投资者投资收益最大化双重标准的统一为标准。 ？ 从资本结构优化的标准来看，企业都应存在最佳资本结构，但现实中很难准确的找到这一最佳结构。因为资本结构优化受多因素的影响。 一是资本成本。资本结构优化的根本目的之一就是使企业综合资本最低，而不同筹资方式的资本成本又是不同的。 二是财务风险。企业在追求财务杠杆利益时，必然会加大负债资本筹集力度，使企业财务风险增大。 因此必须充分考虑如何把财务风险控制在企业可承受的范围内。三是企业经营的长期稳定性。 企业对财务杠杆的运用，必须限制在不危及其自身长期稳定经营的范围以内。四是企业获利能力。 具有较高获利能力的企业使用的负债资本相对较少，因为它可以通过较多的内部积累来解决筹资问题。五是企业资产结构。 不同资产结构的企业利用财务杠杆的能力不同，房地产公司的抵押贷款较多，而以技术开发为主的公司则较少。？ 2 我国国有上市公司资本结构现状及原因？ 银行贷款比例高？ 我国企业在20世纪80年代以前资金来源主要是财政无偿拨款，实行拨改贷之后，银行贷款成为企业外部融资的唯一方式，直到80年代末期，才有了股票与企业债券的融资方式。 银行对国有企业贷款要求很低，后来虽然加强了贷款抵押要求，但对没法还贷的企业，很少实施破产程序，银行对贷款企业的软约束造成了企业的高负债率。？ 股票融资比例高？ 资本成本是投资者在考虑目前的情况后愿意提供资金的报酬率。 任何投资的必要报酬率是投资者愿意为当前投资提供资金所期望获得的最低报酬率。银行贷款的资金成本最低，企业债券次之，股票酬资最高。 但由于我国股票市场历史不长，二级市场股价大部分时间处于高估的状态，企业往往将股票融资视为免费的午餐，将其成本只视为所需支付的红利。？ 内部留存收益比例小？ 我国和大部分发展中国家一样，内部融资比率相对于发达国家较低，我国企业处于扩张期内部积累不多，资产负债比率普遍偏高。 在企业的生长期，企业的迅速扩张需要大量的外部资金，企业会更多的依赖银行等金融机构，因而债务融资比率较高。？ 债券融资比例小？ 债券融资成本低于股票，另外税法规定债券利息在睡前列支，因此债券融资还可以给企业带来避税的好处，这样可以使每股税后利润增加。 可是我国由于股票市场和债券市场发育不平衡，债券市场发展严重滞后，企业发行债券受到 *** 额度的控制，使企业通过债券融资的余地很小。 3 优化我国上市公司资本结构的建议？ 首先，我们看到负债率和资本利润率之间存在不对称。 一定比例负债可以给企业带来避税效应，以及约束、激励经营者等正面效应。但并不是负债额越高越好，必须保持在一定的比例范围内。 确定这个范围应考虑几个方面的因素。企业选择某一项目的基本前提使保证盈利或至少持平，这就要求借入资本的预期利润率不小于借款利息率。 另外，为了保证企业在借入某笔款项后，总体资本仍保持盈利或至少持平，就要求企业借款的预期利润率大于或等于加权平均资本成本率。？ 其次，国有企业对股权融资过度偏好。 企业普遍认为发行股票于银行贷款和发行债券不同，它不需要到期时还本付息因此可以增加利润，提高企业的经营效率。因此我国的国有企业普遍把股票融资作为公司融资的首选途径，极力扩大发行额度，并且股利分配政策多以配股为主。 ？ 但我们必须看到世界上没有免费的午餐，资本市场上更是如此。股权比例过高，会严重影响企业的经营效率。 债权对于企业来说是一种硬约束，而股权约束相对偏软，股权比例过高的资本结构。 谁给我个论文三级提纲的例子？ 毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始毕业论文写作之前提交给指导教师的一份报告，用以体现论文基本观点和论文总体结构。为加强这一工作环节的管理，保证论文写作顺利开展，特制定本要求。 一、毕业论文提纲结构及标准格式 本科毕业论文提纲包括（按顺序）：封面、内容摘要及关键词、提纲内容等三部分。 （一）封面、内容摘要及关键词 提纲中封面、内容摘要及关键词的结构及格式要求，请参照《理论研究型毕业论文写作规范》中关于该三项内容的具体要求。 （二）提纲内容 1.结构说明：论文提纲要求至少列出论文的章、节、目三级标题，用以反映论文的结构框架和逻辑层次；此外，论文提纲的各级标题后都应有简洁的文字陈述观点，必须准确、清楚、合理地表达其涵盖的内容。 2.格式要求 (1)提纲内容文字：提纲内容文字的要求，请参照《理论研究型毕业论文写作规范》中关于“正文文字”的具体要求。 (2)提纲内容标题：. 提纲一级、二级、三级及以下标题格式要求，请参照《理论研究型毕业论文写作规范》中关于“正文文中标题”的具体要求。 二、毕业论文提纲其他格式要求 关于纸型及页边距、版式与用字、标点符号、计量单位、页码等格式要求，请参照《理论研究型毕业论文写作规范》中相应内容的具体要求，其中提纲内容页码的编排参照正文页码的编排要求。 大学毕业论文大纲怎么写？ 如何写毕业论文大纲毕业论文大纲其实就是我们中学时候写作文要求的提纲. 写毕业论文大纲主要是提供我们论文写作的思路， 列出我们论文的框架结构， 这样方便我们后续写论文毕业论文大纲怎么写毕业论文提纲分为简单大纲和具体大纲简单大纲就类似于我们论文的目录，只要把主要部分的主题列出即可具体大纲就要求我们在简单大纲的基础上写出每个板块的主要内容.本科毕业论文大纲怎么写一般来说，我们只要写出简单大纲就可以.下面分享本人的亲笔写的大纲仅供参考.论文大纲论文题目：德中农村人口向城市流动的原因影响之比较引言：通过一幅漫画引入论文主题。 接着概括论文目的，论文大要，研究方向，前人对此研究等等！本论：1 农村人口向城市流动定义，中德农村人口流动现状2 德国农村人口向城市流动德国农村人口向城市流动原因德国农村人口向城市流动影响德国农村人口向城市流动对农村的影响德国农村人口向城市流动对城市的影响3 中国农村人口向城市流动中国农村人口向城市流动原因中国农村人口向城市流动的影响中国农村人口向城市流动对农村的影响 中国农村人口向城市流动对城市的影响4 德中农村人口向城市流动相同点不同点相同点不同点5 总结6 参考文献7 感谢。 求毕业论文范文格式模板 1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。 2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中；论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。 3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名（或文章名）、出版社（或期刊名）、出版或发表时间。 4、论文格式的字体：各类标题（包括“参考文献”标题）用粗宋体；作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体；正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体；英文用Times New Roman字体。 5、论文格式的字号：论文题目用三号字体，居中；一级标题用四号字体；二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体；页眉、页脚用小五号字体；其它用五号字体；图、表名居中。 6、格式正文打印页码，下面居中。 7、论文打印纸张规格：A4 210*297毫米。 8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中，“字符数/行数”选使用默认字符数；页边距设为 上：3厘米；下：厘米；左：厘米；右：厘米；装订线：厘米；装订线位置：左侧；页眉：厘米；页脚厘米。 9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中，“缩进”选0厘米，“间距”选0磅，“行距”选倍，“特殊格式”选（无），“调整右缩进”选项为空，“根据页面设置确定行高格线”选项为空。 10、页眉用小五号字体打印“xx大学xx学院xxxx级XX专业学年论文”字样，并左对齐。 11、使用软件：Microsoft Word 2000以上版本。模板到处都是的啊，我看你也是什么都不会，这样吧 你去找慧聪论文服务网帮忙写，可以支付宝担保很安全。 毕业论文大纲怎么写？有没有模板？ 下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法： 一、绪论 1.提出中心论题； 2，说明写作意图。 二、本论 （一）培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件 1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境； 2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求； 3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证； 4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。 （二）目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状 1.供大于求的买方市场； 2，有市无场的隐形市场； 3.易进难出的畸形市场； 4，交易无序的自发市场。 （三）培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策 1.统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控； 2.加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易； 3.健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易； 4.调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动； 5，深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。 三、结论 1，概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务； 2.呼应开头的序言。 论文大纲怎么写啊？ 写论文提纲还是比较容易的 从我自己的经验来说，首先你要确定题目，选题很重要，要觉得自己有话好说，有自己的观点可以阐述，我个人比较喜欢热点、焦点的东西，不喜欢那种被写烂了的题目。 题目选好以后，然后去找资料，你可以在网上搜索相关资料，最好你去学校图书馆的期刊网搜索。资料搜索好以后，然后整理一下，感觉还不错的，打印出来，因为在电脑上看很累。 打印好以后，你就看资料，看别人是如何写的，有那些新观点，思路，你可以在每份资料上面标上号码，便以区别。ok，然后准备要写了，论文一般都是分三部分，提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。 你可以一边看资料，一边把提纲列出来你可以这样 引言 一、XX问题的概念、特征 二、XX的利弊分析 （一）XX的价值所在 （二）XX的弊端 三、问题的解决 （一） （二） （三） （四） 结语 我给我同学也写过一些，老师都说写的不错，呵呵 基本格式就是这样，我是学法律的，但一般的论文都差不多，我给你最大的建议是资料要充足，要吃透，不要随便搞搞，这是不行的，祝你写成功。
论文提纲怎么写如下：
1.内容要求：
论文提纲是对整个课题研究内容的综合设计与阐述，也是对于课题相关研究内容与研究走向的一个框架性的阐述与设计，所以研究者列出论文提纲，可以总体把控论文的思路。
2.书写技巧：
论文提纲的设计需要按照论文原有的设计思路与逻辑顺序进行整体的设计与书写，其中提纲的逻辑调理与内容设计较为重要，.提纲的书写顺序如下：
（1）先拟标题；
（2）写出总论点；
（3）考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架；
（4）大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句（即段旨）；
（5）依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用；
（6）全面检查，作必要的增删。
二、论文写作范文模板样本（参考）
一、绪论
（一）选题背景、目的及意义
（二）系统开发环境介绍
二、系统分析
（一）可行性研究 ---------------------------------------------------必须有
（二）需求分析 ---------------------------------------------------必须有
三、系统总体设计
（一）系统功能模块设计
功能模块图-----------------------------------------------------必须有
（二）数据库设计
概念模型设计（ER图）-----------------------------------------必须有
逻辑模型设计（二维表）---------------------------------------必须有