1、.瑟尔沃（A P Thirlwall），《增长与发展》(第六版)，中国财政经济出版社，20012、张坤民，《可持续发展论》，中国环境科学出版社，19993、黄辉，《WTO与环保:自由贸易与环境保护的冲突与协调》，中国环境科学出版社，20044、戴星翼：《环境与发展经济学》，立信会计出版社，1995年版。5、曲福田：《可持续发展的理论与政策选择》，中国经济出版社，2000年版。6、范金：《可持续发展的最优经济增长》，经济管理出版社，2002年版。7、翟新生等：《可持续发展与自然资源消耗的成本补偿---大循环成本理论具体运用的研究》，《财经研究》，1996年第12期。8、（美）罗伯特•艾尔斯：《转折点---增长范式的终结》，上海译文出版社，2001年版。9、（英）戴维•赫尔德等：《全球大变革---全球化时代的政治、经济与文化》，社会科学文献出版社，2001年版。10、（英）D•皮尔斯等：《世界无末日---经济学、环境与可持续发展》，中国财经政治出版社，1996年版。11、（美）丹尼尔•A•科尔曼等：《生态政治---建设一个绿色社会》，上海译文出版社，2002年版。
1 论环境保护相邻权 2 重视环境保护的社会环境教育 3 地方政府在环境保护制度建设中的职能研究 4 非政府组织在环境保护中的作用 5 中华白海豚环境压力分析和保护对策研究 6 我国环境保护中的公众参与研究 7 建立我国汽车业环境保护基金研究 8 我国经济和谐发展中的环境保护政策 9 环境保护行政问责制若干问题研究 10 建设项目（污染型）竣工环境保护验收综合评定体系研究 这方面的论文太多了，具体需要哪个方向的？ 这里可以提供很多论文下载的，祝你早日顺利毕业~参考资料：
1 论环境保护相邻权 2 重视环境保护的社会环境教育 3 地方政府在环境保护制度建设中的职能研究 4 非政府组织在环境保护中的作用 5 中华白海豚环境压力分析和保护对策研究 6 我国环境保护中的公众参与研究 7 建立我国汽车业环境保护基金研究 8 我国经济和谐发展中的环境保护政策 9 环境保护行政问责制若干问题研究 10 建设项目（污染型）竣工环境保护验收综合评定体系研究 这方面的论文太多了，具体需要哪个方向的？ 这里可以提供很多论文下载的，祝你早日顺利毕业~参考资料：
1、.瑟尔沃（A P Thirlwall），《增长与发展》(第六版)，中国财政经济出版社，20012、张坤民，《可持续发展论》，中国环境科学出版社，19993、黄辉，《WTO与环保:自由贸易与环境保护的冲突与协调》，中国环境科学出版社，20044、戴星翼：《环境与发展经济学》，立信会计出版社，1995年版。5、曲福田：《可持续发展的理论与政策选择》，中国经济出版社，2000年版。6、范金：《可持续发展的最优经济增长》，经济管理出版社，2002年版。7、翟新生等：《可持续发展与自然资源消耗的成本补偿---大循环成本理论具体运用的研究》，《财经研究》，1996年第12期。8、（美）罗伯特•艾尔斯：《转折点---增长范式的终结》，上海译文出版社，2001年版。9、（英）戴维•赫尔德等：《全球大变革---全球化时代的政治、经济与文化》，社会科学文献出版社，2001年版。10、（英）D•皮尔斯等：《世界无末日---经济学、环境与可持续发展》，中国财经政治出版社，1996年版。11、（美）丹尼尔•A•科尔曼等：《生态政治---建设一个绿色社会》，上海译文出版社，2002年版。
生态文明的论文参考文献
从小学、初中、高中到大学乃至工作，大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧，论文是一种综合性的文体，通过论文可直接看出一个人的综合能力和专业基础。你所见过的论文是什么样的呢？下面是我收集整理的生态文明的论文参考文献，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
参考文献：
［1］林红梅.“生态文明与和谐社会”理论研讨会综述［J］.河北：思想理论教育导刊，2008（5）：92-93.
［2］杨多贵，周志田，陈劭锋.我国人与自然和谐发展面临的挑战及其战略选择［J］.上海经济研究，2005（4）：6-12.
［3］利奥波德.沙乡年鉴［M］.侯文惠，译，长春：吉林人民出版社，2000.
［4］卢风，肖葳.应用伦理学导论［M］.北京：清华大学出版社，2000.
［5］李培超.自然的伦理尊严［M］.南昌：江西人民出版社，2001：16.
［6］林红梅.试论拯救环境危机的'多维视角［J］.行政与法，2007（1）：97-99.
［7］马克思，恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集：第25卷［M］.北京：人民出版社，1971：119.
［8］马克思，恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集：第20卷［M］.北京：人民出版社，1971：519.
［9］何怀宏.生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础［M］.保定：河北大学出版社，2002：15.
生态文明建设推动高质量发展探究：
我市生态禀赋优越，当以生态文明建设、构建生态文明体系推动经济社会高质量发展。
一要加强黄河流域生态保护与治理，积极探索黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展新路径、新模式。一方面筑牢沿黄控导工程连接线、黄河大堤、幸福渠及幸福路“三条防线”，大力实施黄河河道与滩区综合修复提升治理工程，实现黄河岁岁安澜，并持续改善黄河流域生态环境质量；另一方面深入挖掘域内黄河文化，建设黄河国家公园，打造黄河文化标志性旅游目的地，以达到确保黄河安全、改善黄河生态环境、提升经济效益共赢目标。
二要持续深化污染防治攻坚，打造碳达峰、碳中和“双碳”示范城市。深入践行提出的“绿水青山就是金山银山”“人与自然和谐共生”理念，加强系统谋划，强化生态保护，聚焦大气、水环境治理、土壤污染防治等重点领域，精准防治大气、水、土壤等污染，统筹推进造林绿化、空气质量、水土环境等全域提升，美化城市环境，将新乡建设为宜居、宜业、宜养、宜游的生态之城。坚持以科技创新推动生态绿色发展，通过构建高端平台，引进尖端人才，掌握核心技术，加强清洁绿色环保能源的开发与利用，积极推进静脉产业园、抽水蓄能电站建设，将新乡建设为国内重要的绿色低碳能源基地。
三要大力推进农业农村生态环境治理，实现乡村振兴与生态文明协调发展。渐次改善农村居住环境，抓好农业农村污染治理工作。同时结合我市各地特色与优势，因地制宜发展无污染、环境友好、可循环利用的特色生态产业，如生态旅游等，持续培育壮大现代农业，打造特色农产品品牌，切实提高农村人民群众收入，让村民共享生态文明建设成果，增强村民的获得感、幸福感。
四要做精、振兴文旅产业，实现文旅产业与生态环境融合有机发展。依托我市独特人文旅游资源，充分挖掘牧野文化、比干文化、书院文化、宰相文化等文化资源，利用我市当地的共工、姜尚、毛遂、张苍、邵雍、孙奇逢等历史名人资源以及史来贺、郑永和、吴金印、裴春亮等先进群体资源，构建新乡文化体系，并将其融入黄河故道、湿地以及南太行山水风光等自然生态资源之中，讲好新乡大地上的“黄河故事”“太行故事”，进行综合深度系统开发，树立我市文旅、生态品牌，培育世界级旅游目的地。
以下所有文献，中国知网都能查到。[1]董利民,李璇.洱海水污染动态模型的构建及分析研究[j].生态经济(学术版),2011,02:384-388.[2]房春娟,陈晓燕.淡水污染的微生物治理[j].湖南农机,2011,11:245+247.[3]张志锋,王燕,韩庚辰.中国近海海水主要参数基线值及其污染状况探究[j].海洋环境科学,2012,02:211-215.[4]魏正明.水危机——寻找解决淡水污染的方案[j].上海环境科学,2003,01:5.[5]迟凤玲.浅淡水污染对我国食物安全的影响及解决对策[j].中国食物与营养,2006,05:14-16.[6]尚立照.风力发电对河西走廊生态环境影响初探[j].环境研究与监测,2010,01:3-5.[7]杨贵本杨丽丽.我国淡水污染问题必须加大力度解决[n].延安日报,2007-03-12002.[8]刘洪波.不同水域淡水蚌类中元素积累和分布的特征研究[d].南京农业大学,2010.[9]项继权.湖泊治理:从“工程治污”到“综合治理”——云南洱海水污染治理的经验与思考[j].中国软科学,2013,02:81-89.[10]陈登勤,方宗熙.用紫露草微核技术监测海水污染的初步研究[j].山东海洋学院学报,1981,02:80-85.[11]高圣龙,柯明德.mobilemarinegis于海上污染监控之应用[a].中国航海学会救助打捞专业委员会.救捞专业委员会2004年学术交流会论文集[c].中国航海学会救助打捞专业委员会:,2004:11.[12]高乐华.我国海洋生态经济系统协调发展测度与优化机制研究[d].中国海洋大学,2012.[13]张德君.海水入侵地下水污染对土壤生态影响研究[d].辽宁师范大学,2007美国进口普卫欣天猫
生态文明的论文参考文献
从小学、初中、高中到大学乃至工作，大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧，论文是一种综合性的文体，通过论文可直接看出一个人的综合能力和专业基础。你所见过的论文是什么样的呢？下面是我收集整理的生态文明的论文参考文献，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
参考文献：
［1］林红梅.“生态文明与和谐社会”理论研讨会综述［J］.河北：思想理论教育导刊，2008（5）：92-93.
［2］杨多贵，周志田，陈劭锋.我国人与自然和谐发展面临的挑战及其战略选择［J］.上海经济研究，2005（4）：6-12.
［3］利奥波德.沙乡年鉴［M］.侯文惠，译，长春：吉林人民出版社，2000.
［4］卢风，肖葳.应用伦理学导论［M］.北京：清华大学出版社，2000.
［5］李培超.自然的伦理尊严［M］.南昌：江西人民出版社，2001：16.
［6］林红梅.试论拯救环境危机的'多维视角［J］.行政与法，2007（1）：97-99.
［7］马克思，恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集：第25卷［M］.北京：人民出版社，1971：119.
［8］马克思，恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集：第20卷［M］.北京：人民出版社，1971：519.
［9］何怀宏.生态伦理——精神资源与哲学基础［M］.保定：河北大学出版社，2002：15.
生态文明建设推动高质量发展探究：
我市生态禀赋优越，当以生态文明建设、构建生态文明体系推动经济社会高质量发展。
一要加强黄河流域生态保护与治理，积极探索黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展新路径、新模式。一方面筑牢沿黄控导工程连接线、黄河大堤、幸福渠及幸福路“三条防线”，大力实施黄河河道与滩区综合修复提升治理工程，实现黄河岁岁安澜，并持续改善黄河流域生态环境质量；另一方面深入挖掘域内黄河文化，建设黄河国家公园，打造黄河文化标志性旅游目的地，以达到确保黄河安全、改善黄河生态环境、提升经济效益共赢目标。
二要持续深化污染防治攻坚，打造碳达峰、碳中和“双碳”示范城市。深入践行提出的“绿水青山就是金山银山”“人与自然和谐共生”理念，加强系统谋划，强化生态保护，聚焦大气、水环境治理、土壤污染防治等重点领域，精准防治大气、水、土壤等污染，统筹推进造林绿化、空气质量、水土环境等全域提升，美化城市环境，将新乡建设为宜居、宜业、宜养、宜游的生态之城。坚持以科技创新推动生态绿色发展，通过构建高端平台，引进尖端人才，掌握核心技术，加强清洁绿色环保能源的开发与利用，积极推进静脉产业园、抽水蓄能电站建设，将新乡建设为国内重要的绿色低碳能源基地。
三要大力推进农业农村生态环境治理，实现乡村振兴与生态文明协调发展。渐次改善农村居住环境，抓好农业农村污染治理工作。同时结合我市各地特色与优势，因地制宜发展无污染、环境友好、可循环利用的特色生态产业，如生态旅游等，持续培育壮大现代农业，打造特色农产品品牌，切实提高农村人民群众收入，让村民共享生态文明建设成果，增强村民的获得感、幸福感。
四要做精、振兴文旅产业，实现文旅产业与生态环境融合有机发展。依托我市独特人文旅游资源，充分挖掘牧野文化、比干文化、书院文化、宰相文化等文化资源，利用我市当地的共工、姜尚、毛遂、张苍、邵雍、孙奇逢等历史名人资源以及史来贺、郑永和、吴金印、裴春亮等先进群体资源，构建新乡文化体系，并将其融入黄河故道、湿地以及南太行山水风光等自然生态资源之中，讲好新乡大地上的“黄河故事”“太行故事”，进行综合深度系统开发，树立我市文旅、生态品牌，培育世界级旅游目的地。
1、周易琴.工笔画创作刍议[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版).2007，2(6)：、王受之.世界现代建筑史[Z].中国建筑工业出版社 3、王绮. 浅析当代中国工笔画创作的构成因素[J]. 艺术理论.2010，9：、楼庆西.中国古建筑二十讲[M].三联书店5、昂温S.解析建筑[M]..中国水利水电出版社:知识产权出版社6、托马斯-史密斯.建筑形式的逻辑概念[M]..中国建筑工业出版社7、彭一刚.建筑空间组合论[M]..中国建筑工业出版社 8、陈志华.外国古建筑二十讲[M]..三联书店 9、维特鲁威.高复泰译.建筑十书.[M].中国建筑工业出版社10、刘易斯`芒福德.城市发展史：起源、演变与背景[M]..中国建筑工业出版社11、柯布西耶.走向新建筑：Vers UneArchitecture[M]..陕西师范大学出版社
[1]刘南威.自然地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:548. [2]李春华.环境科学原理[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003,(4). [3]叶文虎.可持续发展引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:21
What Environmental Disaster? We have developed a huge and thriving society; and in the process we deforest huge sections of land for living and livestock grazing. This decreases oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; possibly adding to global warming though the greenhouse effect. This mass population produces mass amounts of waste, so to deal with that we just throw it into the ground, which in turn contaminates our water supply and contributes to further deforestation. We develop motorized transportation; and then burn non-renewable fossil fuels that put lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, ozone, excess carbon dioxide, and other harmful particulates into the atmosphere (Skjel & Whorton 95-108). This produces dangers like smog and cancer and contributes to global warming. In the production of fuel we exhaust oil reserves and pollute the oceans through spills from tankers. This endangers wilderness and wildlife. We produce an inert, easily producible propellant for aerosols; and then realize it's only inert on the ground. Once it's bombarded by UV ray in the upper atmosphere it releases a highly destructive ion that wreaks havoc on the protective ozone layer shielding us from those same deadly UV rays, creating a hole in the layer allowing the radiation through, increasing cancer and other genetic defects. We build rockets capable of going into space and breaking the earth's gravitational pull; and then immediately start to pollute this new environment with spent rockets and boosters along with other miscellaneous particles of debris (Curran and Haw 3). Michael Crichton writes, "What we call nature is a complex system of far greater subtlety than we are willing to accept. We make a simplified view of nature and then botch it all up. ...You have to understand what you don't understand. How many times must the point be made? How many times must we see the evidence? We build the Aswan Dam and claim it is going to revitalize the country. Instead, it destroys the fertile Nile Delta, produces parasitic infestation, and wrecks the Egyptian economy" (Jurassic Park 91). To the common person our current situation contains little hope. All the advancement and improvements have done little to further our species. With each one has come a new environmental issue. You almost need to evaluate each situation in terms of positives and negatives. However, at the root of all this chaos you'll find anthropocentrism, a human centered way of thinking. This way of thinking as an attitude, and moral theory, centers on humans as the highest of the significant beings. The theory views nature and the environment in terms of their use value for humans only (Michaels 7). So all of the above developments with costs can be justified through their usefulness for humans. The human centered ethic is deeply rooted in the past through the ancient Greek and Roman societies. To pursue further development based on this ethic would be disastrous. With our current numbers of population and rate of growth we're just asking for an environmental catastrophe of the highest magnitude to act as a wake up call. Granted that a great deal of the population realizes that unless action is taken today then we'll have to face that disaster tomorrow. The principle question is how to go about alleviating and repairing the damage we've already caused. We also need to address how to prevent doing further damage for the sake of future generations. The only problem with this view is that it is still a human centered ethic. It still sees the environment as a thing to be utilized by humans for their own pleasure. It doesn't do enough. The problems aren't getting fixed. Better ways of doing things are being researched, but the underlying problem is not receiving any attention. So the environmental downward spiral is only slowed down and is not fixed. We've still got the same problems. To take the conservationist attitude further you would see all sentient beings as holding moral standing and due consideration. This includes most of the animals in the world; any animal capable of experiencing pleasure and pain. Through these experiences you form the basis for the extended moral theory. If the animals perish through their habitat's destruction or outside influences, then their future pleasures will no longer be. When you take into account whole societies and communities of animals then the added value to the environment increases exponentially as you combine their happiness with the happiness never experienced by their future generations (Singer 275-276). So by taking this viewpoint you place even more intrinsic value on the environment through the experiences of all sentient animals involved. But at a time when our behavior may well lead us to extinction, I see no reason to assume that we have any awareness at all. We are stubborn, self-destructive conformists. Any other view of our species is just a self-congratulatory delusion" (The Lost World 7-8). Granted this does not present a case for sentience on the basis of pain vs. pleasure, but it does present an interesting way to think about classifying sentience. So you can see drawing the cut off line for even lower animals could present considerable challenges. You have trouble reaching an adequate definition of "sentient." You are now facing how much awareness a creature has to perceive pain and pleasure along with joy from anticipation of future events to consider it morally significant. If a cat is significant, but not a fish, what makes the cat a moral patient while the fish is not? Where is there a difference? There is a problem of arbitrarily assigning moral value when actual feelings and emotions are beyond description. To go a step further away from human sentience you would hold all living thing to be of moral value. This would then bring plants and non-sentient animals into the picture. This view holds life as the ultimate intrinsic value. Beings have moral value in just being alive. So life is viewed as an intrinsic good, and no verifying pleasures or pains being experienced are needed to allot this worth. Anything living is held with a reverence for that life (Singer 277-278). 2】The Environmental Revolution - We Can Make a Difference! Since the first time having blown bubbles in my Open Water class, I've logged over 100 dives. This love for diving has evolved into an intense passion towards protecting the ocean, and all of its inhabitants. I've chosen to put my love for the ocean into action, as an environmentalist. Actually, this passion extends out towards efforts that look to help all the planetary domains gain protection. As such, I appreciate when others take the time educate me on those other realms for which I know less about. To be an environmentalist, one must choose the cause which resonates within ones sole, and run with it. One must be willing to educate people about the environment while being open to education from those people who support other causes. Together we can help each other towards learning how to become a true "Environmentalist". We must all encourage positive collaboration and education as opposed to being against something. For example, sharks are being decimated to near extinction simply for their fins. The fins are used to make Shark Fin soup, a delicacy popular particularly in Taiwan and Singapore. It would be easy to blame these communities for creating the demand. However, in conversing with Asian environmentalists, they liken the culture around eating Shark Fin soup to the culture surrounding Americans eating turkey for Thanksgiving dinner. There are ongoing efforts to educate these people, by members of their own community, on just how dangerous this cultural practice is and the devastating impact this could have on their (our) world if all the sharks were to disappear as a result. Environmentalists everywhere are making a difference! Famous restaurants have taken endangered Swordfish off their menus, these same restaurants are buying wild-caught salmon (and boosting the economy of local fisheries in the process), laundromats have started selling green detergent, this just to name a few of these enlightened changes. This is how the "Environmentalist" can begin the revolution. Just find something you believe in and make a stand. One by one, we can make our planet a cleaner place to live, steeped in healthy bio-diversity for generations to come. 3Giving 1% to Protect Our Environment Though most of the world's surface is covered by water, since the Earth is so large relative to human horizons, there doesn't appear to be a shortage of land. However, when one begins to think of land in terms of a human resource, ., a producer of food, a provider of wood, an expanse for passage, one realizes that many portions are either too lacking in nutrients, too high in elevation, too prone to flooding, or too cold or ice-ridden for extensive use. Furthermore, habitable lands are becoming less abundant due to desertification (the expansion of deserts due to the misuse of land), agricultural expansions and rising sea levels. Since humans aren't the only species that need land, it isn't surprising that this resource is becoming limited for other forms of life too. In part as a result of this added stress on living things, we are also witnessing extinctions of grand proportions-at a rate of many thousands species per year. Since these losses are largely due to human actions, such as deforestation and non-native species introduction, many are beginning to pay attention to how we use and protect land. Recent ecological research has also recently provided a message of hope concerning the future well-being of life on this planet. In the world today, scientists estimate that the Earth is losing at least 1 percent of species every ten years, and the percentage loss may be close to 5 percent. Even if only the lower rate persists, the Earth will have lost near half of its biological diversity by 2070. Can this be possible? Many esteemed scientists think so. While the future appears bleak, several recent insights tell us that we have the potential to significantly reduce what amounts to a biotic holocaust, one not witnessed on Earth for over 60,000,000 years. While there are hopeful signs in the area of human activities (such as increased acreage of nature preserves and national parks), the hope of which I speak of here stems from specific characteristics of the other forms of life which may enable us to mutually coexist in the long term. The Earth's organisms are wonderfully varied in size, shape, function, behavior, and genetic code. One only need to consider that there are ~ 15,000 species of butterflies and ~50,000 species of mushrooms worldwide to begin to fathom the immensity of variety that this planet has. Yet, as different as the species come, the bulk of living things are also similar in a couple of very important ways. Most living things live in relatively small regions and do not travel far from where they or their parents were born. In fact, recent biological and ecological work has determined that most land species are very particular about where they live. As opposed to humans whose choice of home is largely driven by economic and political forces (mobility driven by availability of wealth or forced relocation), flora and fauna find themselves in locations for which they are adapted. We now know that many species of insects and plants have a very restricted range in which they found. Very few organisms are ubiquitous like we are. It goes without saying that you aren't going to find a Great Blue Heron or a Grizzly visiting Antarctica or climbing Mt. Everest; yet you might find the snow bear (recently discovered and previously known as the Abominable Snowman) doing the latter. Recognizing that most living things are rather localized during their lifetimes has profound implications, both hopeful and cautious. On the one hand, it suggests that we can learn a lot about species by parking our scientific minds in specific locations. On the other hand, it means that if we destroy even small areas of the globe we are likely causing great and even irreversible destruction to the species that are found there. We have also determined that there are specific locations on our planet where a disproportionate number of species live. For our species, Asia serves as the homeland for most. In fact more than 60 percent of humans lives on this largest of continents (which only makes up 24 percent of the land surface on the planet). With other life forms, geographic concentrations sometimes defy description. We only recently became aware that the vast majority of terrestrial (as distinguished from oceanic or riparian) species collectively live on just 1 percent of the Earth's land surface. (If humans lived at a comparable concentration level, we'd all have to cluster together in an area roughly the size of Antarctica or twice that of Australia.) This mind-blowing realization has prompted those that have been struggling to protect organisms a new way of thinking about such protection. They have concluded that if we humans could somehow find a way to avoid disturbing just 1-2 percent of the land surface, nearly 70 percent of the world's terrestrial species might be able to survive. Recently some conservationists have refocused their attention on these unique locations. The regions of the globe that contain such a splendid array of biological diversity have been named "hot spots," a name that communicates their critical status. In what has to be the most beautiful books I have seen, Hotspots represents the collective work of scientists Russ and Cristina Mittermeier and Norman Myers as well as photographer Patricio Robles Gil. In this oversized volume, these four scholars have assembled more than three hundred vivid photographs of some of the world's endangered species and threatened ecosystems. These absolutely breath-taking images come from the what they refer to as "the 25 most critically important regions" in the world. These regions originally constituted almost 12 percent of the world's land surface but now, due to human pressure at many levels, only a little more than 1 percent remains intact. What makes these locations, which are found on all continents except Antarctica, so "hot" is that they are home to hordes of the Earth's plants and animals and they face imminent danger from a variety of human activities. The Hotshot authors and others strongly believe that the global community can do wonders if these areas move to the top of our priority list. But what will have to happen for these spots to be protected? There are no simple answers to this central question. Unfortunately, those of us in the United States who have the luxury of time to even ponder such questions, face many obvious difficulties. First, nearly all of the hotspots are located outside of our territorial boundaries, exceptions being the forests of Oregon and California as well as portions of Southern Florida (namely the Keys and the Everglades). Key hotspots are found in New Zealand, Madagascar, and Indonesia as well as the continental parts of south-east Asia. Obviously we cannot expect that we will be able to force other countries to enact and enforce laws that will greatly reduce biological degradation. Yet, while many other countries have ratified the Biodiversity Treaty that was drafted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, it has never reached the floors of the . Congress for a vote; Canada, Japan, and the European Union are among those to ratify it. By this inaction our nation apparently lacks the wherewithal to support global conservation efforts as a matter of principle. However, given that the wealthy nations in concert with international banks promote unsustainable extraction of resources in the world's developing countries, it would appear that we have an obligation to do so. If our national policy makers are unwilling to commit themselves to the protection of global ecosystems and species, we still have ourselves to look to for sources of positive change. All of us have tremendous purchasing power, especially in comparison to the majority of the other human residents on this planet; Barry Bearak, a Pulitzer Prize-winner journalist who recently spoke at Knox College's convocation, referred to the residents of the United States as "filthy rich," a conclusion he came to after spending a great deal of time in the poorer regions of the world, particularly Afghanistan and India. What we buy makes a difference. The environmental campaign to support shade coffee rather than sun coffee is just one of many attempts for the consumer to support sustainable practices in regions of great ecological diversity. According to the Northwest Shad Coffee Campaign, shade coffee agricultural allows for the extraction of a desired resource but at the same time allows between 3-8 times as many birds species to persist not to mention many more mid-size mammals as well as amphibians and beetles. Coffee is also a particularly important commodity in terms of the health of ecological systems because the countries that produce the bulk of it are precisely the same countries that are home to the majority of the world's species; the countries of Brazil, Bolivia, Indonesia, Vietnam collectively produce ~40 percent of the 17 billion pounds of coffee that are harvested each year (folks, that's more than 3 pounds per person!). Burdensome debts also force many developing countries to endlessly delay infrastructure investment. Debt-for-nature swaps, an idea proposed by Dr. Thomas Lovejoy of the World Wildlife Federation in the mid-1980s, have enabled poor countries to relieve foreign debt and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to increase commitment to conservation programs both at the same time. In these swaps, NGOs pay off a poor country's debt to a bank or well-to-do country at greatly reduced costs in order to establish agreements for investment in national parks, for example. While not a cure-all, these efforts have begun the paradigm shift from unabated expansion and unhealthy extraction to one supportive of saving natural ecosystems and securing the health and welfare of all human populations. Threats to these locations represent massive scale intrusions taken by societies found on every continent. Unfortunately, there is so much that will be lost if these "special" places aren't quickly protected from future degradation. On the bright side though, so much of the world's genetic diversity lives in just a couple handfuls of "hotspots" that if these locations were saved hordes of species would be able to persist into the next millennium. The time is now to respond to this fairly recent observation and insight. It is time for the world to begin to act like a civilized 21st Century society. It is incumbent upon us, those with time and wealth, to maintain the momentum that others have started. The masses of life forms are relying on us to make the best attempt at this daunting yet critical task. Hopefully our species will be sensible enough to leave at least 1 percent of land alone, so that other life forms may continue to exist. Do we need all 100 percent? 写不下了，如果觉得不够，邮箱可否留一下，我继续补充
The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and complicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.英语作文常见话题-环境保护 Protect EnvironmentMany people are active in fighting against unfair treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our the environment doesn’t have a mouth to deprecate what humans have done to her, she retaliates through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and terrible floods. As a result，the Huangtu plateau which was once covered with grass and forests was turned into barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was in several developed countries. Because many chemical factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, cities were covered with so much poisonous gas that people were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what the nature once suffered. If we don’t take action to show respect to the environment, we will have to face an increasingly awful should be taken to protect the environment on which we are relying. First governments should forbid destroying vegetation, rivers and lakes, oceans, as and the atmosphere as well. Second voices should be made to announce the public of the importance of protecting the environment. Third enterprises should pay special attention to the effect they have on the environment and work out solutions for the by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.
There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. the polluted air does great harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities. To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today. In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves. 保护环境 目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病，造成死亡。更有甚者，随着现代社会的迅速扩建，植被大大的减少。 为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染，保护森林资源和海洋资源，制止任何环境污染。因此，在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。 我的看法是，为了保护环境，政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先，应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二，应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施，因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后，要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。
论文摘要：阐述了低碳经济与低碳生活的概念和两者之间的关系。“低碳经济”是国际社会应对人类大量消耗化石能源、大量排放二氧化碳引起全球气候灾害性变化而提出的新概念。它不仅意味着制造业要加快淘汰高能耗、高污染的落后生产能力，而且意味着要引导公众反思那些浪费能源、增排污染的不良嗜好。从而充分发掘消费和生活领域节能减排的巨大潜力。指出“低碳经济”仅有先进技术的支撑是不够的。必须依托于“低碳乍活”才能实现减排的目的。而“低碳生活”是一种简单、简约、俭朴和町持续的生活方式，要实现“低碳生活”，宣传引导和制度保障是缺一不可的。论文关键词：环境科学；低碳经济；低碳生活；可持续消费低碳经济的概念及形成背景2008年6月5日“世界环境日”的主题定为：“转变传统观念，推行低碳经济”。“低碳经济”，是近年来国际社会应对人类大量消耗化石能源、大量排放二氧化碳引起全球气候灾害性变化而提出的新概念。它的核心是在市场机制基础上，通过制度框架和政策措施的制定及创新。形成明确、稳定和长期的引导和鼓励，推动提高能效技术、节约能源技术、可再生能源技术和温室气体减排技术的开发及运用，并促进整个社会经济朝向高能效、低能耗和低碳排放的模式转变。进入21世纪，全球油气资源不断趋紧，保障能源安全压力逐渐增大。全球环境容量瓶颈凸现。同时气候变化问题也成为有史以来人类面临的最大的“市场失灵”问题。在此背景下。英国率先提出“低碳经济”的概念，并于2003年颁布了《能源白皮书（英国能源的未来——创建低碳经济）》。现在，欧美发达国家大力推进以高能效、低排放为核心的“低碳革命”，着力发展“低碳技术”。并对产业、能源、技术、贸易等政策进行了重大调整。以抢占先机和产业制高点。日本作为推动“低碳经济”的急先锋。每年投入巨资致力于发展“低碳技术”：美国参议院2007年提出了《低碳经济法案》，美国政府制定了低碳技术开发计划。这一切对我国而言，已形成压力和挑战。我国现在正处于工业化、城市化、现代化加快推进的阶段。基础设施建设规模庞大。能源需求快速增长。“高碳经济”特征突出的现实，成为我国可持续发展的一大制约。怎样走出一条既确保经济社会快速发展。又不重复西方发达国家以牺牲环境为代价谋求发展的老路，同时又不盲目让西方国家牵着鼻子走，是我们必须面对的课题。从技术角度看低碳经济保障能源安全和应对气候变化无疑是“低碳经济”要实现的最重要的两个目标。英国所倡导的“低碳经济”。是通过制定和实施工业生产、建筑和交通等领域的产品和服务的能效标准及相关政策措施，通过一系列制度框架和激励机制促进能源形式、能源来源、运输渠道的多元化。尤其是对替代能源和可再生能源等清洁能源的开发利用，实现低能源消耗和低碳排放的目标。最终实现以更少的能源消耗和温室气体排放支持经济社会可持续发展的目的。
以前，我总是把电灯开上个彻夜到明，水从晚上滴到明早，冰箱塞满乱七八糟的东西。这样，既浪费水，又浪费电…… 现在，我听到了城市在宣传倡导低碳生活，我渐渐有些懂了。我开始了“低碳生活”。 首先，低碳的生活方式，就是在生活的细节上注重节能减耗。除了做作业必须开灯之外，其余的事情都靠窗外的照明灯来相助。因为我们的客厅大，窗外的照明灯照进来都可以醒目地看到室内的一切，吃饭时，真像一桌“烛光晚餐”，这真是一大盏“天然的灯啊！” 只要我洗好手，就都把水龙头拧的紧紧地，不让水“逃”出来，这样，我就可以安心了。但我又担忧爸爸妈妈会不会做好，每次看见爸爸妈妈进洗手间洗手并顺其自然的把水龙头关紧，我十分高兴，我希望 “低碳家庭”会做的更好。 冰箱里放着乱七八糟的东西，妈妈说很浪费电，我灵机一动，想出了妙招：于是，我就拿起以前堆积如山的硬纸板，把它做成一个个大小不一的盒子，上面贴上了各种分类的标志，然后，按分类去整理，不一会儿，冰箱变得又干净又整洁，焕然一新，一眼就目睹摆放整整齐齐的东西。这样，既帮助了我们，又节省了电。 原来，电器开着，就连小小的手机电池在插座上插着时都会排放出可怕的二氧化碳，只要充完电就应该将电池立刻取下。我本来以为，二氧化碳只有汽车尾气、煤炭燃烧这些会排放，没想到生活中处处都有微弱的“碳”在侵害着我们大家的生活和地球。 每当我看见妈妈要把洗衣粉的桶扔掉时，我会上前去阻止。我会把它做成一个小垃圾桶，有的像个洋娃娃，粉嘟嘟的脸，可爱极了！有的又的像只小动物，活灵活现的，真像一道美丽的“风景”！ 当夜幕降临，晚饭过后，路边的霓虹灯为夜晚增添了一份光彩，老爸总是把家里所有的灯都关掉，只剩下一片伸手不见五指的黑暗中，然后，趴在窗户上，一边欣赏路边的风景，一边唱着一首歌：“月亮代表我的心……”真是五音不全，一塌糊涂。 养花是妈妈的爱好。家里的吊兰、常春藤一年四季都是绿意盎然。在每个炎炎的夏日，妈妈总会把花搬进家里来，大家看着那些绿色，允吸这那些绿色，心中顿时感觉丝丝的凉，有了好空气又养眼，真是一举两得啊！这么好的家居环境，并且充满了创意的小欢乐
低碳生活论文：我的低碳生活作文低碳生活是一种非常环保、文明的生活方式。节水、节电、节油、节气，可以帮助我们将低碳生活变为现实。现在我们国家对全世界公开承诺减排指标，决定到2020年温室气体排放比2005年下降40%-45%。低碳时代已经如约而至，正在改变着我们的生活。"低碳"就在我们身边。夏天，我们在家用空调时，不要长时间开着，用了几个小时后，就关掉，再开电风扇。这样就能省50%的电；在冰箱内放食物时，食物的量以占容积的80%为宜，用塑料盒盛水制冰后放入冷藏室，这样能延长停机时间、减少开机时间，更节电；用微波炉加工食品时，最好在食品上加层无毒塑料膜或盖上盖子，这样被加工食品水分不易蒸发，食品味道好又省电；开车时尽量避免突然变速，选择合适档位，避免低档跑高速，定期更换机油，轮胎气压要适当和少开空调。短时间不用电脑时，启用"睡眠"模式，能耗可下降到50%以下；关掉不用的程序和音箱、打印机等外围设备；少让硬盘、软盘、光盘同时工作；适当降低显示器的亮度。平时我们勤动手动脑, 也可以实现 "低碳"。一般家庭都有很多废弃的盒子，如肥皂盒、牙膏盒、奶盒等，其实稍加裁剪，就可以轻松将它们废物利用，比如制作成储物盒，可以在里面放茶叶包、化妆品之类的物品；还可以利用方便面盒、罐头瓶、酸奶瓶制作一盏漂亮的台灯；喝过的茶叶渣，晒干做一个茶叶枕头，既舒适还能改善睡眠……另外，将普通灯泡换成节能灯，尽量步行、骑自行车或乘公交车出行，随手拔下电器插头……你看这些看似不经意的小事，都是在为"减碳"做贡献。 我们应该从节电、节水、节碳、节油、节气这种小事做起，低碳生活是我们要建立的绿色生活方式，只要我们去行动，就可以接近低碳生活，达到低碳生活的标准。"总之，低碳生活，既是保护环境，也是拯救自己。"那么对于我们小学生来说，还有其它降耗低碳的好方法吗？来看看我的建议吧。纸张的双面使用，节约用纸；不用一次性的筷子和一次性的饭盒；不用一次性的塑料袋；减少粮食的浪费；随手关灯，随手关好水龙头。使用手帕，少用纸巾……我们的地球需要我们共同来爱护，让我们从身边的小事做起，珍惜资源，降低能耗，让我们的生活更加美好。我是一名中学生，我首先要知道：什么是低碳？低碳生活是指生活作息时所消耗的能源的减少，从而减低碳消耗，尤其是二氧化碳的减少，我们应积极提倡“低碳生活”，从节电、节油、节气，从一点一滴的小事做起。也就是说，低碳生活就是更低能量、更低消耗的生活方式，还原其淳朴的进行人与自然的交流。低碳要从一点一滴的小事做起“碳足迹”是一个最新名词，它标志着一个人的“碳耗用量”。“碳”耗用得越多，导致地球变暖的凶手——二氧化碳也制造的多。也就是说“碳足迹”指一个人的能源意识和行为对自然界产生的影响。我的低碳小窍门是：大自然是我们改不了的，但我们能稍稍改改自己的习惯。我们在用电脑的时候，如果长时间不用，那么这时就可以把电脑设为待机状态，不用的室友就拔下插头。不仅如此，如果短时间内不用电脑，其用电脑的睡眠模式最好，能耗可下降50%以下。此外不用音响时最好关掉，显示器的亮度也可以调低。目前每户城市家庭的家电平均待机能耗相当于使用一张15瓦的长明灯，因电器关机没拔插头，全国每年待机浪费的电量。不仅如此，生活中不用一次性筷子，带环保购物袋，少乘坐电梯，都是减少碳排放量的好途径，这只需要我们稍稍改一下习惯。衣食住行都很重要，做为新时代的中学生，上学肯定要“行”。城市中有很多“本本族”，这些人都考出了驾照却没有买车，他们看见汽车尾气能排放出大量的二氧化碳，更坚定了他们乘坐公共交通工具出行的决心，再说青岛的地铁也快完工了。科学说明：每消耗一公升汽油会产生千克的二氧化碳，拥有私家车无疑是过着一种高碳生活，如果实在需要以车代步，不妨通过及时更换空气滤清器、保持合适胎压、及时熄火等用车习惯来“低碳”，这样每辆车每年可减少油耗约180升，相应减排二氧化碳400千克。综上所述，低碳生活小窍门其实是从一点一滴的小事做起。
减碳是每个人的责任，低碳生活就是改变生活细节，养成一些良好的低碳习惯。然而我们该如何写有关低碳生活的论文呢?下面是我给大家推荐的关于低碳生活的形势与政策论文，希望大家喜欢!
《发展低碳经济，倡导低碳生活》
摘 要：节能减排，是政府的责任，社会的责任，也是我们每一个人的责任。城市作为人类活动的中心，是温室气体的主要排放源，也是低碳经济发展的关键平台。
关键词:低碳经济 节能减排 低碳生活
中图分类号:F205 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1004-4914(2011)07-094-01
工业革命使人类生产生活发生了根本性的变化，机械化、电器化、自动化减轻了人们的劳动强度、提高了工作效率。但是，工业经济从它诞生之日起负面影响就开始显现，最严重的莫过于全球气候变化。大量温室气体，主要是二氧化碳的排出，导致全球气温升高，环境日益恶化。
世界气象组织公布的报告指出，近10年是有记录以来全球最热的10年。全球变暖使得南极冰川开始融化，进而导致海平面升。德国的最新调查显示，在不久的将来，图瓦卢―太平洋的一个岛国，会因为温室效应而被海水淹没。地球发烧也给人类的健康造成了巨大的危害，传染病时有爆发，严重威胁我们的生存环境。
环境越来越恶化，必须在我们使用的主要能源、运输方式、居住的建筑物、城市的设计上等进行技术革新，寻找替代能源，改善我们的生存环境。而低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式，从一定意义上说，发展低碳经济能够减少二氧化碳排放量，延缓气候变暖，保护我们人类共同的家园。低碳经济是指在可持续发展理念指导下，通过技术创新、制度创新、产业转型、新能源开发等多种手段，尽可能地减少煤炭石油等高碳能源消耗，减少温室气体排放，达到经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展形态。
低碳经济的核心是技术创新，体现为低碳产品、低碳技术、低碳能源的开发利用等。我国的可再生能源资源很丰富，例如太阳能热水器，农村的小沼气，运用得很普遍;水电、部分发展较好的风电(如新疆塔里木的风电)等，也非常有竞争力;中国每年所利用的农作物秸秆等生物质能，折合标煤约三亿吨;交通领域，现在电动汽车时速可以达到150公里，最远可以跑400公里，如果蓄电池性能再好一点、动力更强一点，竞争力就会更大。太阳能汽车、氢能燃料电池等技术也在研发中。
发展低碳经济，最重要的是减少碳排放，提高能源效率，也就是节能减排。政府机关是节能减排政策的制定者，应率先垂范。人们常说，村看村，户看户，群众看干部。党政机关要带好头，自觉从我做起，从点滴做起，从身边的小事做起。不需要用水了，立即关掉水龙头;一盏灯能照明，就不要开第二盏灯;开空调时，不必将温度设置得太低。同时建立机制，引导干部职工节约每一度电、每一滴水、每一张纸，形成人人节约、时时节约、事事节约的新风尚。
节能减排，是政府的责任，社会的责任，也是我们每一个人的责任。城市作为人类活动的中心，是温室气体的主要排放源，也是低碳经济发展的关键平台。所谓低碳城市，是指在发展经济和提高人们生活质量的过程中实现了低碳化的城市。进入发展快车道的中国，城市化速度越来越快，紧抓低碳变革与中国城市发展这一重大机遇，加速低碳城市的创建，将对中国经济转型升级作出巨大贡献。
我国的许多城市正在进行低碳试点改革。例如:重庆市将低碳试点工作与产业结构调整、城市规划建设、推进科技创新相结合，通过提升节能环保等新兴产业比重，加快建设“宜居重庆、森林重庆”，从而实现低碳发展。天津市则积极构建高端化、高质化、高新化产业结构，形成了航空航天、新能源新材料等8大优势支柱产业，它的特点是与新加坡合作，建设生态城市和低碳示范区。南昌市奉行“生态立市、绿色发展”的思路，坚持清洁生产与低碳生活并重，通过加快实施发展低碳产业、建设低碳城市行动计划打造低碳生态经济示范城市。
低碳已经成为一种潮流，但普通老百姓对于“低碳经济”的理解并不深刻，我们要开展广泛深入的宣传，建立社会全员联动网络，形成政府推动、行业带动、学校主动、社会互动、媒体联动的低碳宣传系统，使低碳理念深入人心。例如：在商场进行低碳商品“规模摆放”，在社区进行“低碳消费达人”评选活动，在学校开展“低碳消费”知识竞赛等等。引导公众要树立节能环保意识，转变传统的以高耗能为代价的“便利消费”、“面子消费”、“奢侈消费”模式，在吃、穿、住、行、用等方面做到低碳消费、科学合理消费。
减碳是每个人的责任，低碳生活就是改变生活细节，养成一些良好的低碳习惯。比如说：将废旧报纸铺垫在衣橱的最底层，不仅吸潮，还能吸收衣柜中的异味，还可以擦洗玻璃，减少使用污染环境的玻璃清洁剂;出门购物，尽量自己带环保袋，减少使用塑料袋，塑料废物去到垃圾处理厂及堆田区，一般需要20～30年才能被土壤稀释及完全氧化;出门自带喝水杯，减少使用一次性杯子;夏天开空调前，先打开窗户让室内空气自然更换，开空调后调至室温25℃～26℃之间，这样既省电也低碳;不开汽车而改骑自行车或步行;冰箱内存放食物的量以占容积的80%为宜，放得过多或过少，都费电;使用冰箱时减少开门次数也是减少碳排放的一个小妙招，实验表明，如果每天开冰箱门10次，每次15秒，一天碳排放402克，而每天少开5次冰箱门，一个家庭每天减排201克碳;少买不必要的衣服，服装在生产、运输过程中，要消耗大量的能源，同时产生废气、废水等污染物，在保证生活需要的前提下，每人每年少买一件衣服可节约千克标准煤，相应减排二氧化碳千克，如果全国每年有2500万人做到这一点，就可以节能约万吨标准煤，减排二氧化碳16万吨。
发展低碳经济，倡导低碳生活，只有落实到现实的行动，才能营造我们美好的家园。
我们要提高“低碳”意识，对自己的生活方式、消费习惯进行简单易行的改变，一起减少全球温室气体排放。选择“低碳生活”，注意节电、节气、熄灯一小时，从这些点滴小事做起。只要每个人都行动起来，加入低碳行列，我们的生存环境一定会得到改善。
我们要通过经济发展方式的转型、消费方式的转型、能源结构的转型、能源效率的提高，使中国向低碳经济、低碳社会迈进。发展低碳经济，节能减排，关乎每一个人的现在和未来。低碳生活代表更健康、更自然、更安全的生活，让低碳成为一种生活习惯，只要你愿意主动去约束自己，改善自己的生活习惯，从现在开始你就可以加入进来，共同倡导低碳，呵护地球。
参考文献：
1.林汐.低碳经济与可持续发展党政干部读本.人民出版社,2010
2.陶良虎,何毅亭.中国低碳经济:面向未来的绿色产业革命.研究出版社,2010
(作者单位：中共商丘市梁园区委党校 河南商丘 476000)
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