Electrical Automation In today's ultra-competitive manufacturing environment, companies that do not invest in automation will be left behind. The old focus on using automation simply to increase productivity and reduce costs has shifted to an increased emphasis on flexibility and convertibility in the manufacturing process. Manufacturers are increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing Product A to manufacturing Product B without having to completely rebuild the production lines. Real Time Systems extensive manufacturing experience across a wide range of industries has positioned us well to help our customers identify opportunities for improvements in all areas of there operations. Many different automation tools exist today to help manufacturers automate and improve their production capabilities. Some of these include: PLC - Programmable Logic Controller PAC - Programmable automation controller HMI - Human Machine Interface SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition DCS - Distributed Control System MES - Manufacturing Execution System APC – Advanced Process Control BMS - Batch Management System Robotics Simulation Software Some advantages that can be realized by implementing advanced technology are repeatability, tighter quality control, higher efficiency, integration with business systems, increased productivity and reduction of labour. At RTS, we feel that a positive total economic impact must be attained for any automation project that is implemented. Let us help you improve your manufacturing and business systems to achieve the return on investment (ROI) and payback period customers expect today. 电的自动化在今天的过度的-竞争制造业的环境，不投资在自动化的公司将会被留下。 旧的焦点关于只是使用自动化增加生产力而且减少费用已经在制造业的程序柔性和可改变上移转到增加的强调。 制造业者逐渐地正在要求能力从没有有完全地再建生产线制造对制造业的产品 B 的产品 A 容易地转变。 真正的时间制度横跨一种各类型的工业的广泛的制造业的经验已经非常放置我们在那里的所有区域中为进步帮助我们的客户识别机会操作。 许多不同的自动化工具今天存在帮助制造业者自动化而且改善他们的生产能力。 这些其中的一些包括: PLC- 可设计的逻辑控制器政治行动委员会 - 可设计的自动化控制器HMI- 人类的机器接口SCADA- 管理的控制和数据获得直流 - 分配了控制制度我 - 制造业实行系统APC 前进的程序控制BMS- 一届的管理制度机械手工程模拟软件能藉由实现先进的技术被了解的一些利益是重复性, 较紧的质量控制、较高的效率,和商务整合制度、增加的生产力和劳工的减少。 在即时战略类游戏，我们感觉一种积极的完全经济的冲击一定为任何的被实现的自动化计画被达到。 让我们帮助你改善你的制造业和商务制度达成在投资 (ROI) 方面的回返和 payback 时期客户今天期待。
The main advantage of this concept is that the consecutive controller is able to control disturbances of humidifying arrangement directly, because the dew point measurement of the humidifier has got a very short response time compared with the quite longer response time of the furnace dew point. This is caused by bigger time delays of the measurement and the delay time of the process gas to come into the station for CO/CO2, H2 and O2ppm monitoring, extracting method will be multiplexed sampling An analysis station designed as a complete functional unit will be used for monitoring the composition of the atmosphere in the analysis station will be a single-cabinet unit complete with analyzers, pumps, solenoid valves and control unit. In normal operation, the sample gas switchover system will switch cyclically between the different sample gases. The system can also be switched to nitrogen for purging or to a calibration gas; this is not part of the normal sample waste gas will be fed from the sampling probe on the furnace (with filter) to the analyser or sample gas treatment system through a sample gas line routed downwards. Sample gas from each sample gas point will be extracted by the main sample gas pump to the analyser station. The sample gas 'in measurement' will be switched to the measurement line from where an additional pump pumps it to the analysers. The sample gas lines will be made from acid-resistant multiplexing analysis system has following probes:For CO/CO2 the system in an actual mode can be calibrated automatically every day using an in-built comparison probe. The calibration time is triggered using an internal period value, which can be changed manually. During calibration time no measurement values are available. A particular feature will be to switch from multiplexing measuring mode to single mode, where a certain probe gas inlet can be measured continuously and vice versa.这一进程所提供的气体，搅拌站在预热时将用换热器。天然气将在一个封闭的循环进行温度对照。预热H2/N2分配给不同的加湿器系统。在加湿器的过程中，天然气将利用富含水蒸汽的需要，在暖气炉中创造一个稳定的露点。在炉中，露点将成为衡量的加湿器。这两种测量将用于控制级联控制电路中所描述的下一章。 下面的示意图显示了控制概念的一个区的脱碳炉。 为了获得非常高的质量控制级联控制电路使用，凡有主控制器采用实际露点值精度高，手中的设置点的连续控制器作为输出。 这种控制器调整1露点的进程直接测量气体的出口加湿器。 它的主要优势是，这一概念 连续控制器能够控制骚乱直接加湿的安排，因为露点测量加湿器得到了很短的响应时间与反应时间而且很长的炉露点。这是造成更多的时间从而延迟测量和延迟气体进入炉的时间进程。 分析站CO/CO2 ， H2和O2ppm监测， 提取方法将采样： 分析站设计作为一个完整的功能单位将用于组成气氛炉中进行监测。 分析站将是一个单一完整的内阁单位与分析仪，水泵，电磁阀和控制单元。在正常操作时，样品气体切换系统将切换周期性不同样本之间的气体。该系统还可以切换到氮清洗或校准气体，这是不正常的周期。 抽样废气将美联储从取样探头的炉（带过滤器）的分析仪或样品气体处理系统通过抽样天然气管线路由向下。样品气体从每个样品天然气将是主要的提取汽油样品的分析仪站。样本气体测量中'将切换到测量线从那里额外泵泵给分析器。抽样天然气管道将来自耐酸塑料。 在复分析系统具有以下探针： 为CO/CO2该系统在实际模式可自动校准，每天使用的是内置的比较调查。校准时间是引发内部期间使用的价值，可手动改变。在校准时没有测量值。 一个特别的功能将被转换复测模式，以单一的模式，在一定的探测气体入口可以连续测量，反之亦然。 这一进程所提供的气体搅拌站将预热用换热器。温度对照的天然气将在一个封闭的循环。预热H2/N2分配给不同的加湿器系统。在加湿器的过程天然气将富含水蒸汽的需要，以创造一个稳定的露点在炉。露点将成为衡量的加湿器，并在炉。这两种测量将用于控制级联控制电路中所描述的下一章。下面的示意图显示了控制概念的一个区的脱碳炉。为了获得非常高的质量控制级联控制电路使用，凡有主控制器采用实际露点值精度高，手中的设置点的连续控制器作为输出。这种控制器调整1露点的进程直接测量气体的出口加湿器。的主要优势是，这一概念连续控制器能够控制骚乱的直接加湿的安排，因为露点测量加湿器得到了很短的响应时间与反应时间很长的炉露点。这是造成更大的时间延迟的测量和延迟时间的进程气体进入炉。分析站CO/CO2 ， H2和O2ppm监测，提取方法将复采样分析站设计作为一个完整的功能单位将用于监测的组成气氛炉。分析站将是一个单一完整的内阁单位与分析仪，水泵，电磁阀和控制单元。在正常操作时，样品气体切换系统将切换周期性不同样本之间的气体。该系统还可以切换到氮清洗或校准气体，这是不正常的周期。抽样废气将美联储从取样探头的炉（带过滤器）的分析仪或样品气体处理系统通过抽样天然气管线路由下降。样品气体从每个样品天然气将是主要的提取汽油样品的分析仪站。样本气体测量中'将切换到测量线从那里额外泵泵给分析器。抽样天然气管道将来自耐酸塑料。
google translate在google搜索language tools，然后里面有翻译url的。整张网页或网站翻译。不过不要太指望这些翻译工具，这种仰赖规则和指令的翻译永远不可能完美。
机器或装置在无人干预的情况下按规定的程序或指令自动进行操作或控制的过程，其目标是“稳，准，快”。自动化技术广泛用于工业、农业、军事、科学研究、交通运输、商业、医疗、服务和家庭等方面。采用自动化技术不仅可以把人从繁重的体力劳动、部分脑力劳动以及恶劣、危险的工作环境中解放出来，而且能扩展人的器官功能，极大地提高劳动生产率，增强人类认识世界和改造世界的能力。因此，自动化是工业、农业、国防和科学技术现代化的重要条件和显著标志。Machine or device in the absence of intervention procedures or instructions required automatic operation or control of the process and its goal is \u0026quot;steady, accurate and fast.\u0026quot; Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and family and so on. The use of automation technology not only to take people from the heavy manual labor, some mental and poor and dangerous working conditions of liberation, but also to expand people\u0026#39;s organ function, significantly raising labor productivity, enhance human understanding of the world and the ability to change the world . Therefore, the automation industry, agriculture, national defense and modernization of science and technology
机器或装置在无人干预的情况下按规定的程序或指令自动进行操作或控制的过程，其目标是“稳，准，快”。自动化技术广泛用于工业、农业、军事、科学研究、交通运输、商业、医疗、服务和家庭等方面。采用自动化技术不仅可以把人从繁重的体力劳动、部分脑力劳动以及恶劣、危险的工作环境中解放出来，而且能扩展人的器官功能，极大地提高劳动生产率，增强人类认识世界和改造世界的能力。因此，自动化是工业、农业、国防和科学技术现代化的重要条件和显著标志。Machine or device in the absence of intervention procedures or instructions required automatic operation or control of the process and its goal is \u0026quot;steady, accurate and fast.\u0026quot; Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and family and so on. The use of automation technology not only to take people from the heavy manual labor, some mental and poor and dangerous working conditions of liberation, but also to expand people\u0026#39;s organ function, significantly raising labor productivity, enhance human understanding of the world and the ability to change the world . Therefore, the automation industry, agriculture, national defense and modernization of science and technology
The referencereference包括了以下几种意思A note in a publication referring the reader to another passage or source.参考书目：提示读者参考另外的篇章或资料的出版物注解The passage or source so referred to.参考资料：供参考的篇章或资料A work frequently used as a source.参考书：常被当作出处的作品A mark or footnote used to direct a re
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可以有几种说法：referencebibliographyworks cited
Car partsEngine The engine is a power plant, which provides power to drive the automobile． In most automobile engines，the explosive power of the mixture of air and gasoline drives the pistons．The pistons turn a crankshaft to which they are attached The rotating force of the crankshaft makes the automobile’s wheels turn．Some automobiles are powered by another kind of engine，known as the rotary valve，rotating combustion engine or Wankel engine The rotary valve engine also draws in a mixture of air and fuel, which is then compressed and burnt．A motor revolving in an elliptical chamber is connected to a shaft，Which finally drives the rear wheels．In most automobiles．the engine is mounted at the front end of the car，with the clutch and gearbox immediately behind it；the engine, clutch and gearbox are assembled into a single unit A number of systems are necessary to make an engine work . A lubrication system is neededto reduce friction and prevent engine wear. A cooling system is required to keep the engine’s temperature within safe limits .The engine must be provided with the correct amount of air and fuel by a fuel system． The mixture of air and fuel must be ignited inside the cylinder at just the right time by an ignition system．Finally, an electrical system is required to operate the cranking motor that starts the engine and to provide electrical energy to power engine accessoriesLubrication System An engine has many moving parts which eventually develop wear，as they move against each other．The engine circulates oil between these moving parts to prevent the metal-to-metal contact that results in wear． Parts that are oiled can move more easily with less friction and hence power loss due to friction is minimized．The secondary function of lubricant is to act as a coolant and also as a sealing medium to prevent leakages．Finally，a film of lubricant on the cylinder walls helps the tings in sealing and thus improves the engine’s compressions．Cooling System Due to the combustion of fuel with air inside the cylinder，the temperature of the engine parts increases．This increase of temperature directly affects the engine performance and the life of the engine parts．The cooling system keeps the engine operating at the efficient temperature．Whatever the driving conditions, the system is designed to prevent both overheating and overcooling．Fuel System The main function of the fuel supply system is to provide fuel to the carburetor or injection system at a rate and pressure sufficient to meet engine demands under all conditions of load，speed and gradients encountered by the vehicle．The fuel system must also have enough reserve fuel for several miles of vehicle operation．Ignition System The purpose of the ignition system is to provide assistance for the combustion of fuel either by a high voltage spark or self-ignition in each of the engine’s cylinder at the right time so that the air-fuel mixture can burn completely． The fuel supplied to the combustion chamber must be ignited to deliver power．In a spark—ignition engine an electric spark is used for this purpose．The compression—ignition engine does not require a separate ignition system because the ignition is affected by compression of the mixture to a high pressure． Electrical System The engine’s electrical system provides energy to operate a starting motor and to power all the accessories．The main components of the electrical system are a battery，an alternator, a starting motor, ignition coil and heater．Frame The frame provides a foundation for the engine and the body of the vehicle . The flame is constructed from square or box-shaped steel members strong enough to support the weight of the body and other components. The automobile frame is usually made up of a number of members welded or riveted together to give the final shape．The engine is mounted on the frame with rubber pads which absorb vibrations and also provide damping of these vibrations．Absorption and damping of vibrations protects passengers from discomfort caused by shocks． The frame is supported on wheel axles by means of springs．This whole assembly is calledthe chassis． Suspension System The function of the suspension system is to absorb vibrations due to the up and down motion of wheels．caused by the irregularities in the road surface . The springs, connecting linkages．and shock absorber comprise the suspension system of a vehicle．The suspension system is of two types: (1)Rigid system(2)Independent systemIn the rigid system, the road springs are attached to a rigid beam axle. It is mostly used in the front axle of commercial vehicles and in the car axle of all types of independent system does not have a rigid axle. Each wheel is free to move vertically without any reaction on its mating wheel. The independent system is mostly used in small cars Power TrainThe power train carries the power that the engine produces to the car wheels. It consists of the clutch (on cars with a manual transmission), transmission (a system of gears that increases the turning effort of the engine to move the automobile ),drive shaft, differential and rear clutch is required with the manual transmission system to temporarily disconnect the engine from wheels. Such disengagement of the power train from the engine is essential while changing the gear ratio or while stopping the main function of the transmission is to provide the necessary variation to the torque applied by the engine to the wheels. This is achieved by changing the gearing ratio between the engine output shaft and the drive ShaftThe drive shaft or propeller connects the gearbox and the differential unit. The drive shaft has universal joints at its ends．DifferentialThe function of the differential is to split the power received from the propeller shaft to the rear axle shaft. It allows the rear wheels to be driven at different speeds when the vehicle takes a bend or falls into a ditch. AxlesAxles are the shafts on which road wheels are mounted. The road wheels are provided with the required drive through these axles．WheelThe automobile wheels take the load of the vehicle and also produce tractive force to move the vehicle. The wheels are also used for retardation and for stopping the SystemThe steering system is used for changing the direction of the vehicle .The major requirements in any steering mechanism are that it should be precise and easy to handle, and that the front wheels should have a tendency to return to the straight-ahead position after a turn. A gear mechanism, which is known as steering gear, is used in this system to increase the steering effort provided by the driver. This system makes the vehicle steering very easy as the driver does not have to put in much effort．Vehicle steering is not only required on a curved road but also while maneuvering on the busy traffic roads．The steering system allows the vehicle to be guided i．e．to be turned left or right. Braking SystemBrakes are required for slowing down or stopping a moving vehicle．The braking system may be operated mechanically or hydraulically. 95 percent of the braking systems in use today are of the hydraulic brake consist of two members．one rotating and the other stationary．There are various means by which the two member call be brought in contact，thus reducing the speed of the major components of the braking system are：brake pedal, master cylinder, wheel Cylinder, brake pipe，brake shoes．brake packing plant and linkages．As the load on the vehicle and the vehicle speed has increased according to recent trends．in modem days, the importance of the braking system has also increased and power brakes are now being preferred．Power brakes utilize vacuum and air pressure to provide most of the brake————applying effort.汽车部件发动机发动机是一种动力机械设备．它为汽车提供动力。在大部分汽车发动机中．空气和汽油的混合气体产生的爆炸性能量驱动活动活塞运动。活塞使它们所连接的曲轴转动。曲轴的转动力量使汽车的车轮转动。一些汽车是由另外一种发动机提供动力的，这种发动机被认为是旋转气门、旋转燃烧或汪克尔发动机。转子发动机也是吸入空气和燃料的混合气，混合气被压缩和燃烧•在一个椭圆形的室内旋转的发动机连接着一个轴，这个轴将最终驱动后面的车轮。大部分汽车中，发动机是架在汽车的前面末端的，离台器和变速箱在它后面，发动帆、离台器和变速箱被装配成一个整体。发动机工作时有很多系统都是必要的。润滑系统可以减少摩擦并减轻发动机磨损。冷却系统被用来保持发动机的温度在安全范围内。发动机必须有燃油系统保证适当数量的空气和燃料供给。空气和燃油混合物必须由点火系统在适当的时间在气缸内被点燃。最后，电子系统被用来控制启动发动机用的电动机和为发动机附件提供电能。润滑系统发动机有许多最终会被磨损的运动部件，因为它们是相对运动的。发动机使润滑油在这些运动的部件间循环，以避免因金属与金属之间的接触而导致磨损。被润滑过的部件能够因为摩擦减少而容易运动，因摩擦导致的能量损失是最小的。润滑油的第二个功能是作为冷却液和防止泄露。最后，气缸壁上的润滑油薄膜有助于活塞环密封并因此提高发动机的压缩性。冷却系统 由于燃料与空气在气缸内燃烧，从而使发动机部件温度升高。温度升高直接影响发动机的性能和发动机部件的寿命。冷却系统使发动机工作保持在有效的温度。不管驾驶条件如何，发动机系统被设计成既能防止过热又能防止过冷。燃料供给系统燃料供给系统的主要功能是以一定的比例和压力给化油器或喷射系统提供燃料，并在汽车遇到的所有情况下，满足发动机对负载、速度和坡度的需要。燃料系统也必须为汽车行驶几英里保留足够的燃料。点火系统点火系统的作用是在适当的时间使燃料燃烧，不管是高压电火花还是在每个发动机气缸中的自燃，以便于气体混合物的完全燃烧。提供给燃料室的燃料必须被点燃以提供能量。在一个火花点火发动机中，电火花就是用于这个目的。压缩点火发动机不需要一个独立的点火系统，因为点火会受混合气压缩压力的影响。电气系统发动机的电气系统提供能量给起动电动机并给所有附件提供电能。电气系统的主要构件是蓄电池、交流发电机、起动电动机、点火线圈和加热器。车架车架为汽车发动机和车身提供了一个安装框架。车架用方刚或盒形钢铁制造，有足够的强度支撑车身和其他构件的重量。汽车车架通常由一些焊接或铆接在一起的零件构成，从而形成最后的形状。发动机和橡胶垫被圈定在车架上。橡胶垫可以吸收振动，也可以提供这些振动的阻尼减轻乘客由于振动产生的不适。悬架系统悬架系统的功能是吸收由于路面不平使车轮上下运动所产生的振动。弹性元件、连接装置和减振器组成了汽车的悬架系统。悬架系统有两种类型：(1)刚性悬架系统(2)独立悬架系统在刚性悬架系统中，弹簧被系在刚性横梁上，这种系统主要被用在商用车辆的前轴和所有类型车辆的车轴上。独立悬架系统没有一根坚硬的轴。每个车架可以自由做垂直运动而相对应的另一侧车轮没有任何反应。独立悬架系统主要用在小汽车上。传动系统传动系把发动机产生的能量传递给车轮。它包括离台器(汽车上用手动变速器)、传动系(一系列的齿轮，把由发动机产生的转矩增强．推动汽车)、驱动轴、差速器和后挢。离合器离合器用于手动变速的传动系统。用它暂时把发动机和车轮之间的动力传递分开。当换档或停车时，把传动系和发动机的连接断开是很必要的。变速籍变速箱的主要功能是通过发动机把各种必需的扭矩提供给车轮，这是通过改变发动机输出轴和驱动轴两者之阃的传动比来实现的。驱动轴驱动轴或叫推动轴与齿轮箱和差动器相连。驱动轴通常在末端具有万向节。差速器差速器的功能是把来自传动轴的能量分给后轿。当汽车转弯或掉沟时，它允许后轮以不同的逮度驱动。车轿车桥是指用来安装车轮的轴，通过这些车桥向车轮提供必需的驱动力。 车轮车轮支承着整辆车．并产生牵引力来驱动汽车。车轮也用于减速和停车。转向系统转向系统是用来改变汽车方向的，在任何转向机构中最主要的就是转向精确且容易控制，同时前轮在转向后又能自动回正。一个齿轮机构，通常认为是转向齿轮，在这个系统内用来增强由驾驶员提供的转向力，这个系统使得汽车转向非常容易，驾驶员不用费报大的力。不仅仅是在弯曲的公路上需要汽车转向，在交通拥挤的路上也需要巧妙地控制。转向系统使得汽车可以被控制向左或者向右转向。制动系统制动用来使车辆放慢速度或者停车。制动系统可以是机械制动或者液压制动。现在用的制动系统95％都是液压型的。所有的制动系统都包含两种元件，一种是旋转零件，另一种是固定零件，有各种各样方法使得这两个元件相接触而使车辆减速。制动系统的主要组成部分：制动踏扳、主制动缸、车轮制动、制动鼓、制动管路、制动蹄、制动装备和联动装置。随着汽车负载和车速的增大，目前制动系统的重要性也在增大，并且现在人们更喜欢助力制动。助力制动利用真空和空气压力来提供更好的制动力。
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比例-积分-微分控制仍广泛应用于现代工业，尽管它的控制理论与技术是在最近几年才得到长足发展。该控制方法有三个变量需要校正。在基于传统过程模型的文献中，如果一台设备的传递函数给定或是给出一个或是几个控制原则，通过多种理论方法总能为这三个变量找到合适的值。以PID控制作为闭环系统的输入量总会产生错误，即反馈环输入为步进式，它的输出会产生意想不到的微分效应，既使加装一个滤波器也毫无用处。众所周知，当一个过程具有共振态、积分电路及不稳定设备传递函数的特点时，同样很难得到较好的闭环步进回应。最近一些出版物对一些常见的不稳定过程控制从不同角度作了分析。然而，下面的一些例子就展示通常情况下被过分超调的结果。PI-PD控制方法将显现出它在不稳定控制方面[7,8]、积分过程[8]、定点追踪以及干扰抵制方面的优越性。论文描述了史密斯预估器在不稳定且为积分过程中的PI-PD控制的应用[9,10]，但本文不作更深的探讨。本文着重说明如何通过变量值选择变量从而将PID控制性能得到提升，而不必用PI-PD控制方法。这样就使得PI-PD控制方法中四个调谐变量的选择问题变得简单了。上述方法可以应用于现有的任何一种共振态积分且传递函数不稳定的控制过程中。论文运用大量的仿真例子说明如何应用所推荐的设计方法。
This paper shows that automatically synthesized simulators are a competitive alternative to handcrafted simulators for binary code model checking. While the generation of hardware simulators from hardware descriptions has been long used in different fields, our work is new in that it highlights and approaches the need for automatic integration of abstraction techniques in order to tackle the state-explosion problem. As shown in the case study, only the smallest programs can be verified otherwise.本文显示采用自动合成模拟系统替代手工模拟器对二进制编码模型进行检验是极具竞争性的一种方式。源自硬件描述的硬件模拟器尽管已在不同的领域中经久使用，但我们的研究工作具有新意因为它强调并探讨提取技术自动集成的需要，以便应对状态爆炸的难题。犹如个案研究所示，只有最小的程序可被证实不那样。Clearly, the work calls for further investigation of abstraction techniques that can be integrated automatically, and also, the synthesis of hardware-specific static analyzers from SGDL code. Moreover, even though we believe that SGDL and the underlying synthesis system are general enough to handle different kinds of microcontroller platforms, we further want to investigate its applicability by synthesizing simulators for16-bit microcontrollers such as the Renesas R8C/23.显然，研究工作主张对可自动合成的提取技术，以及从SGDL代码进行硬件特定静态分析器的合成作进一步的研究。此外，虽然我们相信SGDL及其基础合成系统可通用于处理各种不同的微控制器平台，但我们通过合成例如Renesas R8C/23的16位微控制器模拟系统，来进一步研究它的适用范围。 注：SGDL – Sudoku Game Design Language 数独游戏设计语言【英语牛人团】
人们认识到，对金属薄膜metaloxide薄膜支持与相应的吸附性能的差异展示散装metaloxides。修改后的属性休息1电荷交换与吸附物种和金属/金属氧化接口。这一现象最初预测的金原子吸附在氧化镁/钼（100），后来证实实验通过扫描隧道显微镜在Au原子测量支持氧化镁/银（100）。类似的影响预测并确认二氧化氮吸附在氧化镁/银（100），并后来被证明申请不同类型的氧化物。这部小说的催化性能的超薄氧化镁薄膜银（100）源自认为O2是表面活性事实。在图2中，电子态密度预计到氧气州（态密度）是显示的O2/MgO和O2/MgO/Ag。案件对氧化镁吸附，2π*状态是半满的分子是一个三联。这种情况是不同的氧吸附在氧化镁/银（100），其中变为负电荷的分子（成形一偶极）。这显然是观察到的态密度在一开始空2π*国家已经提出以下费米能级。的收费该分子是贝德尔证实了分析。对于O2/MgO /银（100），氧气是收取位置，氧化镁 e和银的大肠杆菌在图2中，我们还展示了电荷密度差图[ΔF）架F（O2/MgO/Ag） - F（下氧） - F（下氧化镁/银）]。 ΔF清楚揭示了电荷的2π*国家利益。在氧化第一二氧化碳分子的过程中，该系统保留了双合自旋态;在过渡态，自旋密度转移对氧原子的表面上仍然存在。多余的电荷这个原子计算为电子。氧的吸附在银后，支持氧化镁的活化还观察到的结构特性。面向对象的键长（表1）为较长的氧化镁/银相比，唯一的氧化物。的二氧化碳键长计算为在氧化镁和氧化镁类似股份公司。这是有关的二氧化碳吸附只有微弱的支持影响的事实。在第一个过渡态，面向对象（二氧化碳）的键长被拉伸（）Å。的CO值可以比在Pt（111），它的情况下计算为。在O2的吸附在氧化镁/银（100）诱导在氧化膜结构明显松弛。在褶皱2％的氧化镁/银系统，而这是-17％的O2/MgO /股份公司。在褶皱变化是由于镁离子的协调在表面层的阴离子O2和降低O型抗原的距离在接口。平均O型抗原的距离缩短至到。大型结构松弛是一致的其他吸附以前的结果（例如，15克）。 可能有错误～
人们已经认识到，关于薄膜金属薄膜metaloxide支持与相应的吸附性能的差异展示散装metaloxides。修改后的属性休息1电荷交换与吸附物种和金属/金属氧化接口。这一现象最初预测的金原子吸附在氧化镁/钼（100），后来证实实验通过扫描隧道显微镜在Au原子测量支持氧化镁/银（100）。类似的影响预测并确认二氧化氮吸附在氧化镁/银（100），并后来被证明申请不同类型的氧化物。这部小说的催化性能的超薄氧化镁薄膜银（100）源自认为O2是表面活性事实。在图2中，电子态密度预计到氧气州（态密度）是显示的O2/MgO和O2/MgO/Ag。案件对氧化镁吸附，2π*状态是半满的分子是一个三联。这种情况是不同的氧吸附在氧化镁/银（100）如变成负电荷的分子（成形一偶极）。这显然是观察到的态密度在一开始空2π*国家已经提出以下费米能级。的收费该分子是贝德尔证实了分析。对于O2/MgO /银（100），氧气是收取位置，氧化镁 e和银的大肠杆菌在图2中，我们还展示了电荷密度差图[ΔF）架F（O2/MgO/Ag） - F（下氧） - F（下氧化镁/银）]。 ΔF清楚揭示了电荷的2π*国家利益。在氧化第一CO分子的过程中，该系统保留了双合自旋态;在过渡态，自旋密度转移对氧原子的表面上仍然存在。多余的电荷这个原子计算为电子。氧的吸附在银后，支持氧化镁的活化.这是有关的二氧化碳吸附只有微弱的支持影响的事实。在第一个过渡状态，面向对象（丙- O）键拉伸长度由（）Å。这架C - O值可以比在Pt（111），它的情况下计算为。在O2的吸附在氧化镁/银（100）诱导在氧化膜结构明显松弛。在rumpling2％的氧化镁/银系统，而这是-17％的O2/MgO /股份公司。在rumpling变化是由于镁离子的协调在表面层的阴离子O2和降低O型抗原的距离在接口。平均O型抗原的距离缩短至到。大型结构松弛是一致的其他吸附以前的结果（见，例如，15克）。
你好~ 翻译如下~可能会有出入吧~人们已经认识到，关于薄膜金属薄膜metaloxide支持与相应的吸附性能的差异展示散装metaloxides。修改后的属性休息1电荷交换与吸附物种和金属/金属氧化接口。这一现象最初预测的金原子吸附在氧化镁/钼（100），后来证实实验通过扫描隧道显微镜在Au原子测量支持氧化镁/银（100）。类似的影响预测并确认二氧化氮吸附在氧化镁/银（100），并后来被证明申请不同类型的氧化物。这部小说的催化性能的超薄氧化镁薄膜银（100）源自认为O2是表面活性事实。在图2中，电子态密度预计到氧气州（态密度）是显示的O2/MgO和O2/MgO/Ag。案件对氧化镁吸附，2π*状态是半满的分子是一个三联。这种情况是不同的氧吸附在氧化镁/银（100），其中变为负电荷的分子（成形一偶极）。这显然是观察到的态密度在一开始空2π*国家已经提出以下费米能级。的收费该分子是贝德尔证实了分析。对于O2/MgO /银（100），氧气是收取位置，氧化镁 e和银的大肠杆菌在图2中，我们还展示了电荷密度差图[ΔF）架F（O2/MgO/Ag） - F（下氧） - F（下氧化镁/银）]。 ΔF清楚揭示了电荷的2π*国家利益。在氧化第一CO分子的过程中，该系统保留了双合自旋态;在过渡态，自旋密度转移对氧原子的表面上仍然存在。多余的电荷这个原子计算为电子。氧的吸附在银后，支持氧化镁的活化还观察到的结构特性。面向对象的键长（表1）为较长的氧化镁/银相比，唯一的氧化物。的CO键长计算为在氧化镁和氧化镁类似/股份公司。这是有关的二氧化碳吸附只有微弱的支持影响的事实。在第一个过渡态，面向对象（CO）的键长被拉伸（）Å。的CO值可以比在Pt（111），它的情况下计算为。在O2的吸附在氧化镁/银（100）诱导在氧化膜结构明显松弛。在rumpling2％的氧化镁/银系统，而这是-17％的O2/MgO /股份公司。在rumpling变化是由于镁离子的协调在表面层的阴离子O2和降低O型抗原的距离在接口。平均O型抗原的距离缩短至到。大型结构松弛是一致的其他吸附以前的结果（见，例如，15克）。
人们已经发现，金属表面附着的薄金属氧化膜体现出相应整块金属氧化物所没有的吸附特性。这种性质的变化源自于吸附层与金属/金属氧化物界面之间的电荷交换。这一现象最初预测于氧化镁/钼（100）对于金原子的吸附，后经扫描隧道显微镜对氧化镁/钼（100）上金原子的测量加以证实。类似的效果被预测并证实于氧化镁/银（100）对二氧化氮的吸附，后来还被论证推广及各种不同类型的氧化物。银（100）上这层超薄氧化镁膜表面活跃的氧分子使它具有新奇的催化特性。图2显示的是O2/MgO和O2/MgO/Ag两组中氧分子的电子态密度。在氧化镁吸附的情况下，2π*状态为半满，分子成三个一组。吸附在氧化镁/银（100）表面的氧分子的状态则不同，带负电荷。在PDOS中可以清楚的观察到，最初空的2π*在费米能量的作用下发生了移动。先这么多，自己修改下语句哦，没时间了。。。
我毕业论文也是生物，我在好几个平台上面找，后面委托清北医学翻译帮我弄了，翻译，润色，降重等服务那边都有，你可以去看看。
（My favourite animal）
我最喜欢的动物
第一篇：
As we all know,animals are our like every I like dogs are not only very lovely,but also very 's why we all feed dogs at often share happiness and shorrow with it, which belongs to me three years ago,called"Betty".In other words,we should treat them as our real you agree with me?
我们都知道,动物是我们的朋友。我喜欢所有的动物。但我最喜欢狗。狗不仅是很可爱,但也很有帮助。这就是为什么我们都喂狗在家里。我经常和它分享快乐,我三年前称它为“贝蒂”。换句话说,我们应该善待我们的真正的朋友。你同意我吗?
第二篇：
My favourite animal is little it's very dogs are friendly to people,they are people's good you are daughter,they can save can hear the people can't hear 's very useful,aren't they?The dogs is very loyal to people .Are you agree with me?
我最喜欢的动物是小狗。因为它很可爱。和狗是友好的人,他们是人们的好朋友。当你的女儿,他们可以拯救你。他们可以听到人们无法听到的事情。这是非常有用的,不是吗?狗很忠诚的人。你同意我吗?第三篇：
Most kids like animals. Girls like cats, and boys like dogs. However, my favorite animal is the horse.
The horses are strong, not like the tame cats or puppy dogs. They look wild and hard to get close. Yet, they will be very timid and friendly after they get to know you. Horses remember the way home. They are also faithful to their masters. They even understand what you are trying to tell them. I've heard many stories about how a horse saved his master's life. That's also the reason why I love horses. They never betray you.
大多数孩子喜欢动物。女孩喜欢猫,和男孩喜欢狗。然而,我最喜欢的动物是马。
马是强大的,不像猫或狗温顺的小狗。他们看起来野生和难以接近。然而,他们会很胆小,友好在他们了解你。马记得回家的路。他们也对他们的主人忠心耿耿。他们甚至理解您想要告诉他们。我听说过很多故事一匹马救了他的主人的生活。这也是为什么我爱马。他们从不背叛你。第四篇：
My favourite animal is fish. Because they are very interesting. There are many kinds of fish. They are liveing in water very free. They are very colorful, some fish are red, some fish are white, and some fish are gold... So I like them very much !!!!
我最喜欢的动物是鱼。因为他们是非常有趣的。鱼的种类非常多。他们是在水中自由自在的生活。他们是五颜六色的,一些鱼是红色的,一些鱼是白色的,一些鱼是黄金色的……我非常喜欢它们! ! ! !
I have a name is is o years is yellow and very has o big he wears a black always play with him. My mother and my sister look after him every day. When I e back ,he often walk around is very cute and love him very much. Do you like him?
我养了一条狗。它叫Bob。今年两岁了。它的毛是黄色，而且胖胖的。还有一双大眼睛。我经常和它一起玩。妈妈和姐姐每天照顾它。当我回家的时候，它总是讨好地在我周围跑来跑去，好可爱。我很喜欢它，你呢？
Good morning！everyone，I am XX,fromXXX，i am so happy to have a change to tell all of you my favorite animal—— panda. She es from China, why did I love her? Because she is very cute, but she was very shy. Her body stout like bears, but the first round tail short, black and white fur and white head and body clear. She staple food of bamboo, but also addicted to love drinking water, most of the giant panda's homes are located near the water in streams, the nearest will be able to drink clear spring.
大家好！我是来自X班的XX,非常高兴有机会在这里向大家介绍我喜欢的动物——大熊猫。她来自中国，为什么我爱她？因为她很可爱，但她很害羞。她的身体粗壮如熊，但在第一轮尾巴短，黑色和白色皮毛和白色的头和身体清晰。她主食竹，而且还染上爱饮用水，大熊猫的家园大多在附近的溪流水位置，最近将能够喝清泉。
我爱小动物
快乐童年真让人恋恋不舍，给我许多美丽的回忆，那时的天真和好动更是回味无穷，至今想起来还历历在目。
从小我就特别喜欢小动物，妈妈很支持我饲养动物，记得七岁时买有两只小兔子，我天天给它们吃青菜，可是不到两个月就拉肚子死了；八岁时买了两个小乌龟，我经常打蚊子、拿剩饭或肉给它们吃，养了一段时间后也不行了；后来在外面拣回一条小花猫，我每天给它吃鱼、吃肉，它长得好快，好讲卫生，会到厕所大、小便，我回家时它会在门口迎接我，后来因为怕它咬到小妹妹就把它送到姥姥家中去了；九岁时给我买了一条漂亮的北京哈巴狗，身上黑白相间的毛特别漂亮，一对瞳瞳有神的眼睛，我上学时它会送到门口，放学回来见到我就摇头摆尾，晚上发现有可疑动静就会不停地叫，后来宿舍禁止养狗，只好也送到乡下去了；十岁先后三次买过小金鱼来饲养，虽然第一次、第二次都失败了，但是第三次还是成功了，现在家中养的小金鱼已经养了两年多，这三条小金鱼看见我就把嘴巴张得大大的，不给点东西吃就把鱼缸撞得咯咯直响；在我记忆中我还养过白鸽、迷你鸡、小螃蟹……
通过饲养这些小动物，不但让我增加了好多知识，培养了劳动习惯，还给予了我许多的乐趣，而且让我的童年生活更充实、更有情趣，更加快乐，同时也让我懂得爱护动物，珍惜生命的意义！
I love *** all animals
Happy childhood makes you reluctantly, gave me many beautiful memories, that time of innocence and good action even more memorable, has to think of it still fresh in our memory.
I grew particularly fond of *** all animals, breeding animals to support my mother very much, I remember when buying a o-year-old rabbit, and I give them to eat vegetables every day, but died less than o months on diarrhea;-year-old bought a o-time a *** all turtle, I often play mosquitoes, take leftovers or meat to be fed, kept a longer period of time to die; out later Jianhui a *** all cat, and I give it a day to eat fish, meat, it looks Good speed, good health talk will be to a large toilet, urinating, when I get home it will be at the door to greet me, then bite as frightened little girl took it to grandma went home; the age of nine bought me a beautiful Beijing pug, black and white body hair especially beautiful, a pair of pupil pupil in God's eyes, I go to school when it would be to the door, ing back from school to see me Yaotoubaiwei, at any suspicious movement will be kept called, was allowed to keep dogs quarters, had also sent to the village anymore;-year-old has bought three *** all goldfish to keep, although for the first time, the second failed, but the third was a success, and now raising a *** all family goldfish has raised more than o years, these three *** all goldfish I'll see a big jaw, not to put something to eat fish tank driven to giggle straight ring; in my memory, I also raised pigeons, mini chicken, Little Crab ... ...
By keeping these *** all animals, not only I added a lot of knowledge, developing the work habits, has also given me a lot of fun, and make my childhood life more full, more interesting, more fun, but also let me know how to care for animals and cherish the meaning of life!
My favourite animai cat. Cats are quiet and polite. They always walk lordly. Cats are cute. They have soft fur. When I touch them, they look fortable. Cats have big eyes. Some cat's eyes are green, some are blue, and some are grey. Even some cat's o eyes have different colour. Cat's sound is pleasant to listen to. Their sound is soft too. Otherwise, cats can catch mice. They are human's friends. I love cats very much. Do you like cats?
翻译
我最喜欢的动物是猫。猫是安静和有礼貌的。他们总是走气派。猫很可爱。他们有柔软的毛皮。当我抚摸它们时，它们看起来很舒服。猫有大眼睛。有些猫的眼睛是绿色的，有些是蓝色的，有些是灰色的。就连猫的两只眼睛也有不同的颜色。猫的声音很好听。它们的声音也柔软。否则，猫会抓老鼠。他们是人类的朋友。 我非常喜欢猫。你喜欢猫吗？
Elephants are the biggest animals that live on land,Only some kinds of whale ,but they live in the sea.
The Elephants the second tallest animal in the are the only animas that have a long nose that is called a can use the truck like a hand.
With its trunk ,an elephant can pick up a 270kg tree,or pick up one have the biggest ears of all the animals.
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我喜欢的小动物是一只小狗，它全身长满白色的毛，像一团棉花糖；眼睛是圆溜溜的，像两颗宝石；耳朵是半圆形，鼻子是黑色，尾巴短短的，很可爱。
I like the *** all animal is a puppy, it whole body covered with a white hair, like a regiment cotton candy; The eyes are the YuanLiuLiu, like o gem; Ear is a semicircle, nose is black, short tail, very lovely.
我给它爱吃的骨头，它会一块一块，一小段一小段地啃。它啃完骨头后，就会汪汪地叫几
I give it to love to eat, it will be the bones of a piece of a piece, a short for a short to chew. It finished eating bones, will call a few barks
声，好像在说：“小主人，谢谢你。”每当我去上学，她总是会送我一段路程，直到我假装生气打它两三下，它才乖乖地跑回家去。它不但会送我去上学，还喜欢和我一起赛跑，跑得十分快，有时，把我落了一段路程。平时，它看起来很胆小，但看见陌生人时，却又不失威猛地睁着双眼紧盯着陌生人的一举一动，关键时还会大声叫，
Sound, as if to say: " *** all host, thank you." Whenever I go to school, she will always give me a journey, until I pretended to be angry, hit it o or three it quietly ran home. It will not only send me to school, also like and I together race, run very quickly, sometimes, I fell a journey. At ordinary times, it looks very timid, but saw the stranger, but do not break again fierce with his eyes wide open to tight stared at the stranger's every move, the key when still can call out,
它真是一只机灵又尽忠职守的小狗啊！
It was a clever and loyal dog!
Animals Need Protecting
Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States aloneare considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers' stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or planton the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
中文:
动物需要保护
动物是自然资源，在整个历史过程中，人类一直在糟蹋着这种资源。人们杀死动物，获得它们的皮毛，把它们当作食物或运动方式，或者只是因为它们碍事。成千上万种动物已经从这个地球上永远地消失了。现在另外上百种动物也上了濒危动物名单。仅荚国大概就有170种被认为处于危险当中。
为什么人们应该感到担忧呢?因为我们需要动物，因为它们一旦消失，就永远不会再出现。动物不仅仅是漂亮或有趣。它们不仅仅是人类的食物来源。在维持自然平衡中，每种动物都有其作用。毁灭某种动物会导致许多问题。比如，农民们如果杀死为数众多的鹰，他们谷物和粮食的仓库就会受到老鼠和田鼠的破坏。 为什么?因为鹰吃鼠类，没有鹰控制它们的数量，鼠类就会迅速繁殖。
幸运的是，有些人正在努力帮助拯救这些动物。有些组织筹钱以便人们了解这一问题。他们也努力使 *** 通过保护濒危动物的法律。很多国家已经通过了法律。这些法律禁止杀害濒危名单上的动植物。某些濒危动物的数目正在慢慢地不断上升。
Cats
Cats are cute animals,they are very special as well.
It has pointy ears, round eyes,little claws,and short but soft like eating fish and like to keep themselves clean, they do that by licking their they are nocturnal animals, they sleep in the daytime and do most of their movements at night.
We should love cat, because cats are our friends,too.
猫
猫是可爱的动物，它们也很奇特.
它有尖尖的耳朵，圆圆的眼睛，小小的爪子和短而软的毛.猫喜欢吃鱼和老鼠.它们喜欢让它们自己保持干净，它们靠舔它们的毛这样作.同样，它们也是夜里出行的动物，它们在白天睡觉并且大多数活动是在夜间进行.
我们应当爱护猫，因为猫也是我们的朋友
转载请注明出处作文大全网 » 英语作文有关动物 描写动物英语作文带翻译
其实写一篇动物的英文作文的话，先把动物的中文写出来，然后去翻译就可以了。
（My favourite animal）我最喜欢的动物第一篇：As we all know,animals are our like every I like dogs are not only very lovely,but also very 's why we all feed dogs at often share happiness and shorrow with it, which belongs to me three years ago,called"Betty".In other words,we should treat them as our real you agree with me?我们都知道,动物是我们的朋友。我喜欢所有的动物。但我最喜欢狗。狗不仅是很可爱,但也很有帮助。这就是为什么我们都喂狗在家里。我经常和它分享快乐,我三年前称它为“贝蒂”。换句话说,我们应该善待我们的真正的朋友。你同意我吗?第二篇：My favourite animal is little it's very dogs are friendly to people,they are people's good you are daughter,they can save can hear the people can't hear 's very useful,aren't they?The dogs is very loyal to people .Are you agree with me?我最喜欢的动物是小狗。因为它很可爱。和狗是友好的人,他们是人们的好朋友。当你的女儿,他们可以拯救你。他们可以听到人们无法听到的事情。这是非常有用的,不是吗?狗很忠诚的人。你同意我吗?第三篇：Most kids like animals. Girls like cats, and boys like dogs. However, my favorite animal is the horses are strong, not like the tame cats or puppy dogs. They look wild and hard to get close. Yet, they will be very timid and friendly after they get to know you. Horses remember the way home. They are also faithful to their masters. They even understand what you are trying to tell them. I've heard many stories about how a horse saved his master's life. That's also the reason why I love horses. They never betray you.大多数孩子喜欢动物。女孩喜欢猫,和男孩喜欢狗。然而,我最喜欢的动物是马。马是强大的,不像猫或狗温顺的小狗。他们看起来野生和难以接近。然而,他们会很胆小,友好在他们了解你。马记得回家的路。他们也对他们的主人忠心耿耿。他们甚至理解您想要告诉他们。我听说过很多故事一匹马救了他的主人的生活。这也是为什么我爱马。他们从不背叛你。第四篇：My favourite animal is fish. Because they are very interesting. There are many kinds of fish. They are liveing in water very free. They are very colorful, some fish are red, some fish are white, and some fish are gold... So I like them very much !!!!我最喜欢的动物是鱼。因为他们是非常有趣的。鱼的种类非常多。他们是在水中自由自在的生活。他们是五颜六色的,一些鱼是红色的,一些鱼是白色的,一些鱼是黄金色的……我非常喜欢它们! ! ! !