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通信论文英文翻译参考文献

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通信论文英文翻译参考文献

蓝牙技术允许信息存储在手机上可以显示在电视上,也可以变换分析的信息,以便在电脑上听声。 蓝牙技术的传输速率设计到1MHz。实现全双工通信的时间的协议是区为基础的电路交换和分组交换的组合。 通过无线芯片接收器与蓝牙技术的电子产品能够在十公尺,可连接传输速度可以达到每秒1万亿字节。 蓝牙技术是一种新的无线传输,在1998年推出。它实际上取代数据电缆的短距离无线通信技术,通过实现低带宽的点至点广播,或点对多点链路之间的信息交流。 点,以点传输,无线红外传输是一种,它是必要的,在准确的方向,而不是很远的地方。如果在中间有障碍物时,它不能穿过墙壁,且无法控制信息传输的速度。

基于WIN CE的ADSL线路参数研究ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version [2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution has stated that the ‘CE’ is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ‘Consumer Electronics’ or ‘Compact Edition’; users often disparagingly called it “Wince”.[4] Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including “Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Companion, and Efficient.”[5] The first version, known during development under the codename “Pegasus”, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsoft's popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsoft's AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile , Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary form toolsVisual StudioLate versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and , but not Managed C++.Platform BuilderThis programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named Visual C++ (eVC)The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhoneOften Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger Mobile 5 supports USB and new devices running this OS will also conform to the USB Mass Storage Class, meaning the storage on PPC can be accessed from any USB-equipped PC, without requiring any extra software, except requiring a compliant host. In other words, you can use it as a flash productsCompetitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC – the main application of Windows CE – are Java, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from VirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi ( km) [William Stallings' book].At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a DSLAM where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL is typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reaches a conventional internet network. In the UK under British Telecom the data network in question is its ATM network which in turn sends it to its IP network IP distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, . it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the higher speed direction for the "download" from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other are both technical and marketing reasons why ADSL is in many places the most common type offered to home users. On the technical side, there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM end (where the wires from many local loops are close to each other) than at the customer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes technical sense to have the DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate than does the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, the telephone companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSL. On the marketing side, limiting upload speeds limits the attractiveness of this service to business customers, often causing them to purchase higher cost Digital Signal 1 services instead. In this fashion, it segments the digital communications market between business and home usersHow ADSL worksOn the wireCurrently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from kHz to 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz – 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller frequency channels of kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies. By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL may support usage of higher frequencies as a proprietary extension to the standard. However, this requires matching vendor-supplied equipment on both ends of the line, and will likely result in crosstalk issues that affect other lines in the same is a direct relationship between the number of channels available and the throughput capacity of the ADSL connection. The exact data capacity per channel depends on the modulation method used.[edit] ModulationADSL initially existed in two flavours (similar to VDSL), namely CAP and DMT. CAP was the de facto standard for ADSL deployments up until 1996, deployed in 90 percent of ADSL installs at the time. However, DMT was chosen for the first ITU-T ADSL standards, and (also called and respectively). Therefore all modern installations of ADSL are based on the DMT modulation J and M shift the upstream/downstream frequency split up to 276 kHz (from 138 kHz used in the commonly deployed annex A) in order to boost upstream rates. Additionally, the "all-digital-loop" variants of ADSL2 and ADSL2+ (annexes I and J) support an extra 256 kbit/s of upstream if the bandwidth normally used for POTS voice calls is allocated for ADSL the ADSL access utilizes the MHz band, ADSL2+ utilizes the MHz downstream and upstream rates displayed are theoretical maxima. Note also that because Digital subscriber line access multiplexers and ADSL modems may have been implemented based on differing or incomplete standards some manufacturers may advertise different speeds. For example, Ericsson has several devices that support non-standard upstream speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s in ADSL2 and ADSL2+.[edit] Installation issuesDue to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL the early days of DSL, installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. Instead of separating the DSL signal at the demarcation point, the opposite is done: the DSL signal is "filtered off" at each phone outlet by use of a low pass filter, also known as microfilter. This method does not require any rewiring inside the customer side effect of the move to the self-install model is that the DSL signal can be degraded, especially if more than 5 voiceband devices are connected to the line. The DSL signal is now present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. A way to circumvent this is to go back to the original model, and install one filter upstream from all telephone jacks in the building, except for the jack to which the DSL modem will be connected. Since this requires wiring changes by the customer and may not work on some household telephone wiring, it is rarely done. It is usually much easier to install filters at each telephone jack that is in use.

貌似找到原文了

通信论文翻译

? 妈妈,你那么久, 即可连接没机会开奖号就离开咯及经历了来临了了路口

随着手机的普及,新一代移动通信系统的研究正如火如荼地进行中,从1995年问世的第一代(1G)模拟制式手机,到1996到1997年出现的第二代(2G)GSM、TDMA等数字制式手机,在经历了前两代的发展之后第三代(3G)移动通信技术手机,技术已经变得越来越成熟。中国的3G牌照在2009年1月7日正式下发,分别是移动(TD-SCDMA),联通(WCDMA)电信(CDMA2000),标明了中国正式进入3G时代!而3G网络也代表着这一技术的发展方向,而这一技术的研究并不是只言片语可以阐明,而这一技术的研究也显得非常地重要。 本论文完整的介绍了TD-SCDMA,WCDMA,CDMA2000三种不同的3G移动通信国际主流标准,覆盖了3G系统整体架构和相关知识点,对基础原理,无线接口技术,3G网络的特点,以及通信系统双工方式进行了阐述。 关键词:3G,移动通信,无线接口技术,双工方式 With the popularity of mobile phones, next-generation mobile communication system is in the middle of the study carried out in 1995 came from the first generation (1G) analog mobile phone system to the years 1996-1997 the second generation (2G) GSM, TDMA, etc. the number of standard mobile phones, after the first two generations after the development of third generation (3G) mobile communications technology mobile phones, technology has become more and more mature. China's 3G license in January 7, 2009 issued a formal, namely mobile (TD-SCDMA), Unicom (WCDMA) telecommunications (CDMA2000), marked China's formal entry into the 3G era! The 3G network also represents the direction of development of this technology, and this technology is not a word or two can be clarified, and this technology is also very important. This paper describes a complete TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000 three different international mainstream 3G mobile communications standard, covering the overall framework of 3G systems and related knowledge, the basic principle of the wireless interface technology, 3G network characteristics, as well as communication duplex mode system are described. Keywords: 3G, mobile communications, wireless interface technology, duplex mode

Although the twentieth Century 90 time metaphase, network community has begun to put the next generation network (NGN) or the next generation of Internet (NGI), but the researches focus on the IPv6 based technology. Until 2005, American global network of innovation environment (GENI) bodies in relevant documents publicly acknowledged that IPv6 failed to resolve the Internet challenge, we must re-examine the existing network system structure. So far, research on issues related to network architecture that has attracted wide attention from the academia and the industry at home and abroad, put forward many NGI/NGN architecture. Communication network is increasingly huge, advanced and complex, so it is difficult to describe the network structure with a structure chart, and according to the application demand of network architecture from more than one side design. Aiming at a series of challenges to deal with Internet, introduces a new network architecture: hierarchical switching network technology. With this technology, completely lost to the network router; regression simple; let the path packets can be predicted, the reasonable application of network channel resources; failure to change, the topology of the network, network equipment and communication lines and recovery, network management personnel misoperation incidents localization; let fast self-healing ability does not depend on another set of complex networks (such as SDH/SONET); let the multicast tree formed naturally; let the backbone network address space and the user address space separation of user behavior is easy to track. At the same time with the progress of related research situation at home and abroad, further analysis of the characteristics of the hierarchical network architecture, and builds a typical hierarchical network using Packet 。Tracer, to show the remarkable superiority.

Although the mid -1990s , the network industry has begun to raise the next generation network (NGN) or the next generation Internet (NGI), but focused on the research focus to IPv6 -based technologies. Until 2005 , the . Global Network Innovation Environment (GENI) institutions in the relevant documents publicly acknowledged IPv6 failed to solve the challenges facing the Internet , you must re-examine the existing network architecture. So far, the research questions about the network architecture was attracted wide attention in academia and industry , domestic and presented numerous NGI / NGN architecture. Growing communication network of giant , Advancement and complex, making it difficult to depict the structure of a network structure , and the needs of the network architecture should be applied from the plurality of side design . In this paper, a series of challenges to deal with the current Internet is difficult to introduce a new network architecture : hierarchical switching network technology. With this technique, completely lost router ; let network regression concise ; let the packet path predictable network channel resources to obtain reasonable application ; make changes in the network topology information , failure and recovery network equipment and communication lines , network management personnel localized incidents of misuse ; allow rapid healing ability is not dependent on another set of complex networks ( such as SDH / SONET); allow multicast tree formed naturally ; let backbone network address space separate from the user address space ; user bad behavior is easy to trace . Combined with domestic and foreign research progress of work -related cases, further analysis of hierarchical network architecture features and using Packet Tracer construct a typical hierarchical network , to demonstrate its significant advantages.

论文参考文献翻译成英文翻译

网页链接

中文参考文献变成英文参考文献的方法如下:

写作或投稿时,常常需要将中文参考文献转换为英文形式,分享一个小途径,维普!在维普中检索需要引用的文章,大部分文章会给出英文标题,作者英文名和期刊英文名。

复制维普的中文参考文献格式,进行相应英文内容的替换,并按需要的格式修改即可。

如果你只是从知网引用一两句话,没问题。先推荐你一个网站,cite4me   这些你所有的文献。无论中英文的文章,将基础信息录入进去,他就会自动给你生成你想要的APA,MLA,Harvard格式了。

利用顶级引用工具 CiteThisForMe,助您节省时间,并提高成绩.

自动转换成APA格式。

另外一个是word自带的。你在reference里面直接选择要插入的citation,然后会填写基础的文献信息。点击ok后,他就会出现citation。

在出现citation后,你只需要点击bibliography,然后点第一个。你的reference list就会自动生成了。

除了维普和知网,还有一些其他的方法,以上仅供参考。

当需要将中文文献引用到英文论文中时,直接在网上搜索中文文献相应的英语摘要,导入文献管理软件进行引用即可。

SCI期刊中,大部分是英文期刊,可以说发表sci论文,在引用参考文献上,应优先考虑英文参考文献,尽量不引用中文参考文献,但这不代表sci论文不可以引用中文参考文献。毕竟有很多原创的科研成果是在中文期刊上发表的,是被认可的。

SCI论文中中文文献的注意事项

1、引用的参考文献要忠实于原文

参考文献,即是对该文献的借鉴和参考,我们要在保留原文献的理论中进行借鉴,作者无权更改原作者的本意,只需向读者介绍原作者使用的方法、得出的结果和结论等。作者可以对原作者使用的方法、得出的结果和结论等发表看法,但不能肆意更改,不管是故意的,还是无意的。

2、尽量选用原始文献

我们很多人也许有这样的经历,写文章前,都会查阅大量与自己论文研究相关的综述。因此在写文章时也会引用大量综述论文。其实我们在做研究看文献时,都希望看到原始文献。

3、应注意参考文献的著录格式

因参考文献的著录格式各刊不尽相同,投稿前作者应注意杂志的有关规定,至少得先看看有关期刊发表的论文的参考文献是如何标注的,以了解有关期刊的参考文献的著录格式,以免出错。许多作者投递的稿件书写格式包括参考文献的著录格式与杂志所要求的不同。

参考资料来源:百度百科——SCI

Three test the text dedicate[1] king's 浩 , dehydrate the research that tomato process agriculture university Master's [2] the glory of 昌 , the 麻 founds a nation, tomato powder processes the method comparison the [ J].Food technology,2001,(1):28-32[ pleased 忠 in king in 3], in just 渊 , etc..Spray fog the dry( the second version)[ M].Peking: chemistry industry publishing house,2003:385-388[4] Chen 萃仁 , etc..The dry characteristic in hot breeze in thin slice in tomato studies the [ J] with the agriculture university college journal of Zhejiang,2000,(2):133-135[5] Lee's 蔚 , etc..The tomato vacuum freezes the research of the dry craft the [ J].The highway transportation university college journal of Xian,2000,(6):32-34[6] 杜卫华 , the Sun gold is just, vacuum freezes the craft of the dry garlic powder the [ J].Have no the light work in tin university college journal,2003,(3):18-20[7] wood 弘通 .( day)The milk powder makes the engineering the [ M].Peking: the light industry publishing house of Peking,1987:89[8] Chen's 伟 , D 霄霖 , the ether handles the method withdraws the red and plain research in tomato in inside in ketchup[ J].Food industry technology,2003,(4):65-67[9] the glory of 昌 , etc..Tomato powder is in process hoarding process red and plain stability in tomato research[ J].Food science,2002,(8):33-37[10] 郭 jade is clear, 姚智华 , etc..The vacuum freezes the dry process parameter to sublimate the aridity can consume the combination of the influence the on trial research the [ J].Agriculture engineering college journal,2004,(4):180-184梁瑜称笼商空溪克特寸萩将荪谌东蔚耕嵋竹诤口

中文论文参考文献翻译为英文翻译

1. Zhang, Ai-Qi; Deng, Chen (2009). Theory onHow to Improve the Liquidity Enterprise Assets Management [J]. Operational Managements. (11)不确定你最後面(11)是不是指页数, 如果是, 那麼请去除( )并改成 或 Page 112. Wang Shi Xiang (2009). Research about the Enterprise Liquidity Risk Management [J]. Economic perspective. (10)不确定你最後面(10)是不是指页数, 如果是, 那麼请去除( )并改成 或 Page 10另外书名的部份需要改成斜体字.

三个测试文本奉献 [1]王豪,脱水的研究,番茄的过程为agriculture大学硕士 [2]张荣耀,亚麻创立一个民族等他去的番茄粉处理方法比较[J]食品技术(1):28-32 [3]。很高兴在国王的忠诚度,在短短深,等..喷雾干(第二版)[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,2003:385-388 [4]陈穗仁,等。在热风干燥的特性在番茄薄片英寸的研究[J]。与农业高校学报,2000年,浙江,(2):133-135 [5]李炜,等。番茄真空冷冻干燥工艺的研究[J]。西安公路交通大学高校学报,2000,(6):32-34 [6]杜蔚华,孙金只等他去的真空冻结至少干大蒜粉的工艺[J]无光工作在锡高校学报,2003,(3):18-20 [7]木弘道(日)奶粉工程[M]。北京:轻工业出版社,1987:89北京 [8]陈伟e小林,乙醚处理的方法提取番茄英寸内的“番茄酱”的红色和纯研究[J]食品工业科技,2003,(4):65 - [9]张等的荣耀......番茄粉红色和纯稳定的过程中囤积的过程中番茄的研究[J]食品科学,2002,(8):33-37 [10]郭玉是明确的,姚志华,等..真空冷冻至少在升华干燥工艺参数的干旱可以消耗钢板组合的影响的试验研究[J]。农业工程学院学报,2004,(4):180-184

是要的呢,具体魄式不同杂志有不同要求。如果你写的毕业论文,用的中文的话,不用翻译,如果使用英文,就必须翻译了

当需要将中文文献引用到英文论文中时,直接在网上搜索中文文献相应的英语摘要,导入文献管理软件进行引用即可。

在SCI期刊中,大部分是英文期刊,可以说发表sci论文,在引用参考文献上,应优先考虑英文参考文献,尽量不引用中文参考文献,但这不代表sci论文不可以引用中文参考文献。毕竟有很多原创的科研成果是在中文期刊上发表的,是被认可的。

SCI论文中中文文献的注意事项

1、引用的参考文献要忠实于原文

参考文献,即是对该文献的借鉴和参考,我们要在保留原文献的理论中进行借鉴,作者无权更改原作者的本意,只需向读者介绍原作者使用的方法、得出的结果和结论等。作者可以对原作者使用的方法、得出的结果和结论等发表看法,但不能肆意更改,不管是故意的,还是无意的。

2、尽量选用原始文献

我们很多人也许有这样的经历,写文章前,都会查阅大量与自己论文研究相关的综述。因此在写文章时也会引用大量综述论文。其实我们在做研究看文献时,都希望看到原始文献。

3、应注意参考文献的著录格式

因参考文献的著录格式各刊不尽相同,投稿前作者应注意杂志的有关规定,至少得先看看有关期刊发表的论文的参考文献是如何标注的,以了解有关期刊的参考文献的著录格式,以免出错。许多作者投递的稿件书写格式包括参考文献的著录格式与杂志所要求的不同。

参考资料来源:百度百科——SCI

翻译英文论文的参考文献要翻译吗

是需要的,因为摘要和参考文献是期刊的一部分。

不需要。

无论你是在写中文论文还是外文论文都用它原始的英文就可以的。除非期刊要求翻译成中文。

建议从写大学的课程小论文起就逐渐培养阅读外文文献并引用的习惯,平时多做一些词汇、短语、好句的积累,多去琢磨好文章的逻辑表达方法,这样到之后写英文文章的时候就会更得心应手一些。

外文文献查找网站推荐Pubmed,Web of science等等,它们都有一键导出参考文献的选项,有多种格式,可以根据自己的需要复制就好啦。望采纳哦!

Pubmed网页

外文翻译的参考文献一般都要翻译,注意翻译的时候要参考<参考文献>翻译标准,出版单位、作者、文献/期刊名称、卷/段等的译法要专业准确,不可有错。

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  • 通信论文英文翻译参考文献
  • 通信论文翻译
  • 论文参考文献翻译成英文翻译
  • 中文论文参考文献翻译为英文翻译
  • 翻译英文论文的参考文献要翻译吗
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