这种比较专业性的好的免费的论文在网上很难找,就算找的应该也不是完整的,特别是免费的,建议你去学校图书馆阅览室,你不有阅览证吗?那里很多,选择性多呀,含金量也比较高.
Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】
Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of longstent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions inoctogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patientsaged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and procedural details weresimilar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procedure success was 100 %for both had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference inangiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group Ovs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates oftarget lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statisticalsignificance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesionsin octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high procedural success and favorable long2term outcomes.
这个简单啊。你可以到PubMed中下载。输入关键词,然后检索即可。
The purpose is to understand that how the indoor air pollution impact on people's health. Methodology: The investigation was conducted between October and December 2007 in certain community at Wancheng District in Dongwan City. 50 apartments of different decorating conditions, which were not resided more than one half year, were monitored for multiple air pollution index. 120 residents living in the 50 apartments were interviewed face-to-face. At the end of the investigation, averagely, Carbon Oxide level exceeded the provided standard over 100%, Carbon Dioxide level exceeded the provided standard 1200%, Formaldehyde level exceeded the provided standard over 4000%, the level of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Dimethylbenzene exceeded provided standards 800-1300%, and bacterium level exceeded provided standards 290%. 80 from 120 interviewed residents reported somatic symptoms. Hereby we draw the conclusion that Formaldehyde is the most serious pollutant of indoor air pollutants, and indoor air pollution directly harm the residents' health.
The goal understands the room air pollution the degree and to the human body health influence. The method October, 2007 to December, to the Dongguan Wan city some plot's 50 varying degree repair, housing less than a half year housing, carries on many item of air pollution target monitor, and to 120 family members has carried on the inquiring survey. Finally the carbon monoxide exceeds the allowed figure more than 1 time; The carbon dioxide exceeds the allowed figure 12 times; The formaldehyde exceeds the allowed figure more than 40 times; The benzene, the toluene, the ethyl benzene, the xylene exceed the allowed figure separately 8-13 times; The bacterium target surpasses standard times. In 120 by the investigation object, some 80 bodies appeared the bad symptom. In the conclusion room air the formaldehyde pollution is most serious, moreover the indoor spatial pollution is harming human body's health directly.
Increased Blood Sugar on hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic apoplexy) the occurrence and development are very important influence, not only as an important risk factor involved in the beginning of HA, resulting in increased incidence of disease, but also to HA after the occurrence of pathological process has a catalytic role to enable hematoma volume expansion, increased edema, increased impairment, affect the blood sugar involved in the mechanism of HA, are manifold, including: lipid metabolic abnormalities, carotid artery remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, hypercoagulability, insulin resistance. Expansion of infarct size and high blood sugar and promoting the development of HA mainly caused by acid poisoning, ischemic injury in areas of apoptosis and other endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and cerebral vascular disease, has attracted people's attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by the prominent role of angiogenesis in vivo and improve vascular permeability; discovered in recent years it also has to stimulate the neurons, glial cells, axonal growth and survival role. COX (cyclooxygenase, COX), is catalyzed arachidonic acid (arachidonic acid, AA) synthesis of prostaglandins (prostgalandin, PG) and thromboxane (thromboxan, TX) of the rate-limiting enzyme. One COX-1 for structural type, exist in most organizations, the catalyst is generated to maintain the normal structure of the PG; COX-2 is induced in physiological conditions, COX-2 in most tissues at very low copy number expression. However, IL-1, TNF and many other inflammation-stimulating factor can induce COX-2 expression. However, current vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase Most studies focused on the relationship between cerebral ischemia and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage on the dynamic changes of VEGF, COX-2 expression in correlation among recognition of hyperglycemia on cerebral hemorrhage injury in danger at the same time, control, treatment of blood glucose levels become a means of treating cerebrovascular disease, in particular, is used to reduce blood sugar levels of insulin into the acute stroke treatment guidelines. Has been found that insulin on acute cerebral hemorrhage around the brain tissue has a protective effect of ischemic injury. Possible mechanisms are: the brain has been found that the existence of insulin receptors, insulin and insulin receptor binding may reduce the brain cells of glucose uptake, thereby reducing the storage of sugar within the brain cells, reduce lactic acid produced by the substrate, fundamentally correct cellular acidosis; the same time, can also lower blood sugar, insulin concentration, increased bleeding surrounding edema and effective blood supply, resulting in relatively low perfusion state of high blood sugar, thereby improving effect of brain damage was the order to understand these two cytokines and diabetes mellitus the relationship between cerebral hemorrhage injury, this study of diabetes on the basis of the model to be adopted by autologous blood injection method to establish a stable animal model of cerebral hemorrhage in this dynamic observation of cerebral hemorrhage on the basis of After the behavioral and brain water content trends, analysis VEGF and COX-2 in the hemorrhagic brain tissue distribution and expression changes, and then explore the VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue damage in cerebral hemorrhage the role and significance, compared to diabetes rats and normal blood sugar difference between the volume of brain edema in rats with an initial observation of the two factors in diabetic rats and normal blood sugar difference between the expression of rat brain hemorrhage, with a view to the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage provide new ways and and methods1. Experimental animals and groupingHealthy adult male Wistar rats, a total of 96, weighing 250 to 280 grams from the Experimental Animal Center of Zhengzhou University. In accordance with the principles of randomized experimental animals were divided into four groups, namely sham operation group, normal blood glucose group, high glucose group and the insulin intervention group. Prizes will be awarded 4 points each time: 6h, 24h, 72h, 7d. At each time points are located at 6 . High blood sugar and insulin production in rat model of intervention methodsPrepared by the light of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats. With STZ 60mg/kg, high blood sugar and insulin in the intervention group rats a single intraperitoneal injection. Value for four rats with normal blood sugar a 6mmol / L, a week after injection, blood glucose ≥ / L for a successful model for alternative use. Model of high blood sugar after the success of the intervention group I rats were normal insulin, abdominal subcutaneous injection, 3 times / d, 4U / times qd for 3 days, the measured blood sugar value of the normal range.
医学论文好难的,我当时也是找的清北医学翻译,才搞定的。
Objective To evaluate the extraoral bow headgear traction on the correction of moderate to high degree of crowding associated with the clinical efficacy of high angle cases. Methods 18 cases of severe crowding dentition in patients with high-angle, high application of headgear traction strengthen teeth extraoral arch anchorage, and a high degree of control teeth, the tooth extraction with fixed appliance treatment. Results 18 patients were aligned dentition, face has been maintained or have a good improvement in molar and canine relations have reached a neutral, maintain or reduce the mandibular plane angle. Conclusion headgear extraoral bow of moderate to severe crowding in high angle cases with the treatment of teeth can play a high degree of control and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.(maybe)
[ Abstract ] Objective To evaluate the head cap extraoral arch high traction in the treatment of severe dentition crowding with high angle cases clinical curative effect. Methods 18 cases of severe dentition crowding with high angle patients, application of headgear traction enhancing extraoral arch high molar anchorage molar height, and control, combined with fixed appliance for orthodontic extraction. Results 18 cases of patients with aligning, face get to keep or improve, molar and canine relationship reached the neutral, maintained or reduced mandibular plane angle. Conclusion head cap extraoral arch in moderate to severe congestion with high angle cases treatment can rise to control molar height and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.[ Key words ] head cap extraoral arch crowding high angle
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译,即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文,在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。
一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中,要达到表意准确,必须了解相关领域的知识,熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。
单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息,但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题,译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识,比如,因此了解相关领域知识,在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。
二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。
医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准,历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”,有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的,即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。
>为此,在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准:
>(一)忠实。应忠实于原内容,准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实,说明的事理,作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。
>(二)通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范,用词造句应符合本族语的习惯,要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言,以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。
三、过程中要体现语言结构特色
(一)词汇上的特点
1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域,它一般分为两类:一类是某一专业特有的词汇,这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点;还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇,这类词汇一词多义,必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析,在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。
2. 词缀。比如:从词源学的角度来看,在医学英语词汇中,希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计,一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语;来自希腊语,希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀,且每个词缀都有其固定意义,可与不同的词干组成无数新词。
3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分,可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语,常用于英语口语和文学作品中,正式词汇大部分是外来词,常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。
(二)大量使用名词化结构
1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一,因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,而非某一行为。
2. 大量使用长句和定语从句
医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句,在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。
3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑,名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用,简化了句型,增大了信息密度。
4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确,第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态。
四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。
医学论义翻译要提高翻译量,使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准,就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法,如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。
(一)引申法。医学论文翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下,灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。
(二)增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异,医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词,使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要,如增加表示时态意义的词,增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要,增加原文句子中所省略的词。
(三)省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译,以使译文符合语言习惯。
(四)词类转换英译汉时,常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词,译成另一种词类的汉语词,以使译文通顺自然,符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法,简称词类转换。
(五)领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语,而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。
总之,医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。
Objective To evaluate the extraoral bow headgear traction on the correction of moderate to high degree of crowding associated with the clinical efficacy of high angle cases. Methods 18 cases of severe crowding dentition in patients with high-angle, high application of headgear traction strengthen teeth extraoral arch anchorage, and a high degree of control teeth, the tooth extraction with fixed appliance treatment. Results 18 patients were aligned dentition, face has been maintained or have a good improvement in molar and canine relations have reached a neutral, maintain or reduce the mandibular plane angle. Conclusion headgear extraoral bow of moderate to severe crowding in high angle cases with the treatment of teeth can play a high degree of control and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.(maybe)
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
你好,翻译为:“[Abstract] Objective: To compare ziprasidone and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia in acute phase of the efficacy and side effects. Methods: Injection ziprasidone and haloperidol injection, the patients were randomly divided into 75 cases of ziprasidone group (n = 38) and with the haloperidol group (n = 37), for a period of five days of treatment . Respectively before and after treatment using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical overall scale of India (CGI) and adverse reactions Scale (TESS) assessed the efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Pre-treatment determination of baseline ECG with QTc interval after treatment compared to baseline for more than 60ms for QTc interval prolongation ①, the treatment of cardiac rhythm during the medical examination found abnormal electrocardiogram monitoring in time. Results: Ziprasidone and haloperidol groups before and after treatment the total score and PANSS positive symptoms scale factor at a considerable reduction rate; CGI score to achieve a turn for the better and were more than 25 cases (), 26 cases of (); TESS evaluation of side effects occurred in 10 cases () 12 cases (). By T test no significant difference (P> ). Major group of ziprasidone alcohol side effects of insomnia, the main side effects of haloperidol group extrapyramidal reaction, but the ziprasidone group, 3 cases () of QTc interval prolongation, 2 cases () of cardiac rhythm disorders; haloperidol impact on the ECG for ventricular arrhythmia, was found significantly prolonged QTc interval. Conclusion: Ziprasidone injection with injection of haloperidol treatment of schizophrenia in acute phase of the effect of a considerable, but the group ziprasidone QTc interval on the heart and whether the impact of abnormal heart rate caused by a high degree of attention required.[Key words] haloperidol Ziprasidone in acute phase of schizophrenia”。
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the "teacher-student role reversal Law" teaching method in clinical medicine professional "rehabilitation medicine," teaching effectiveness. Methods of clinical medicine at school 96 students in group teaching, in which 48 students in the experimental group a "teacher-student role reversal Law" teaching methods in the control group 48 students using traditional teaching methods. Two groups of students after school at the same time a theoretical examination and questionnaire. Results In the experimental group of students the theory of test scores than the control group (p <), and the two groups of students the theory of the good test scores difference was statistically significant (p <); experimental group of students interest and motivation in learning, knowledge, memory and understanding, self-learning ability and problem-solving ability better than the control group (p <). Conclusion "teacher-student role reversal Law" teaching methods in the "rehabilitation medicine," an effective method in teaching.[Key words] the roles were reversed; teaching methods; Rehabilitation Medicine; AnalysisAbstract spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, their motor dysfunction is manifested mainly delayed motor development, abnormal posture, tendon hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone and so on. Based on principles of Bobath therapy, Bobath ball in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy children in motor dysfunction could play a very good words spastic cerebral palsy; motor function; Bobath Ball1,“师生角色互换法”教学法在《康复医学》教学中的应用探析 2,Bobath球在改善痉挛型脑瘫运动功能障碍中的应用"Teacher-student role reversal Law" Approach in the "rehabilitation medicine," Teaching of Analysis, Bobath ball with spastic cerebral palsy in improving motor dysfunction of
Objective To evaluate the extraoral bow headgear traction on the correction of moderate to high degree of crowding associated with the clinical efficacy of high angle cases. Methods 18 cases of severe crowding dentition in patients with high-angle, high application of headgear traction strengthen teeth extraoral arch anchorage, and a high degree of control teeth, the tooth extraction with fixed appliance treatment. Results 18 patients were aligned dentition, face has been maintained or have a good improvement in molar and canine relations have reached a neutral, maintain or reduce the mandibular plane angle. Conclusion headgear extraoral bow of moderate to severe crowding in high angle cases with the treatment of teeth can play a high degree of control and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.(maybe)
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
关于医学论文的话,这个里面包含了很多的专业词语,建议找北京译顶科技让他们给你翻译,毕竟他们那边是专业的,而且设计范围也很广
你可以先和北京译顶科技那边沟通,然后就可以交给他们了,他们对于这一块还是很有权威性的,主要还是一对一的,有什么事可以及时交流的