英文发言稿书写格式
2）提出论题由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3）论证对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。
4）结论结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。
5）结尾结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解”，“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention。
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇一
I am glad that you can spend this precious time having this class in this afternoon.
Now please allow me to introduce myself to you .My name is Wangjia and I majored in traffic engineering .Baoji is my hometown it is very beautiful. and the people are very friendly.
As we all known thinking is easy acting is difficult and to put one's thoughts into actions is the most difficult thing in the world.
So if we want to learn English well ,we must practice reading English everyday ,actually practicing repeatedly is the best way to you speak ,don't care how poorly or how well you speak just care about catching the chance to speak ,enjoy losing face or just forget your face because the more you speak the better your English will become,never afraid of making mistakes because the more mistakes you make the more progress you will a man living in the world ,we must try our best to make each day our masterpiece and don't let our parents down ,don't ever let our country down ,most importantly don't let ourselves down.
Yesterday is a memory tomorrow is a dream so live for today just do it right believe if you can dream it you can make it ,if you do you will win if you don't you won' in yourself trust yourself try your best. don't give up ,never give in, never lose hope , never say impossible .The success is coming !
Thank you
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇二
listen carefully, see if there are new sounds you can recognize;
feel with your body and spirit, and see if you can sense the freshness in the air. Yes, yes, yes, it’s a new day, it’s a different day, and it’s a bright day! And most importantly, it’s a new beginning for your life, a beginning where you are going to make new decisions, take new actions, make new friends, and take your life to a totally unprecedented(空前的) level. In your mind’s eye, you can see clearly the things you want to have, the paces you intend to go, the relationships you desire to develop, and the positions you aspire(励志) to reach. You can hear your laughters of joy and happiness on the day when everything happens as you dream. You can see the smiles on the people around you when the magic moment strikes. You can feel your face is getting red, your heart is beating fast, and your blood is rushing all over your body, to every single corner of your being! You know all this is real as long as you are confident, passionate and committed!(效忠的) And you are confident, you are passionate, you are committed! You will no longer fear making new sounds, showing new facial expressions, using your body in new ways, approaching new people, and asking new questions. You will live every single day of your life with absolute passion, and you will show your passion through the words you speak and the actions you take. You will focus all your time and effort on the most important goals of your life. You will never succumb(屈服,屈从) to challenges of hardships. You will never waver(动摇) in your pursuit of excellence. After all, you are the best, and you deserve the best! As your coach and friend, I can assure you the door to all the best things in the world will open to you, but the key to that door is in your hand. You must do your part. You must faithfully follow the plans you make and take the actions you plan;
you must never quit and you must never fear. I know you must do it, you can do it, you will do it, and you will succeed! Now stand firm and tall, make a fist, get excited, and yell it out: I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed! I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed! I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed!
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇三
My topic is Honesty. As a correspondent of the Qingdao Morning News, I visited Dr. James Gilman, the President of the International Committee for Marco Polo Studies in England. In this picture, this is James, and this is me and we are looking at a dragon’s tooth. This is a true story. /chuzhong/chusan/ 65 years ago, James lived in Qingdao. Then he was only 5 years old.
He often visited the Aquarium and was fascinated by a creature on display there, which he thought was a dragon. He was afraid of its sharp teeth and wanted one to keep as a treasure. In the late 1930s, when the Japanese occupied Qingdao, his family had to leave. On his last day in Qingdao, he ran to the Aquarium and pulled out one of the teeth from the dragon’s mouth.
He kept the tooth for the next 65 years, but the feeling of guilt at having stolen it was there in the background all through his life. It was always on his conscience, and the feeling intensified as he became older. Finally he decided to put right his childish error. In 20xx, he visited Qingdao and returned it to the Aquarium with his sincere apologies. He received a warm welcome.
When James visited Qingdao, I accompanied him all the time and reported on his visit. I was deeply touched by his honesty. It has taught me a lot. I think to err is human. The important thing is to have the courage to admit and correct one’s error. Honesty is a vital quality of human behaviour. So we should try to keep an honest mind in everything we say and do. I would like to say to all of my friends: Let’s be honest people of good moral character.
Thank you.
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇四
thank you very much for choosing to e in such a cold night。today my topic is about choice and process。a research shows that a man has to make 73 choices one day。with so many choices one day， people easily get so confused and afraid of making wrong choice that they hesitate and finally miss the true part of life。 in my opinion， the following part is of much more importance than the choice。 there is no absolute right or wrong choice but wonderful or boring life， which the process makes the difference。 life is a box of chocolate，you never know what you will get。
forrest gump made no decision by and for himself but he acplished great success with his strong will in the process。 the process is not the road itself but the attitudes and feelings ，the caution， courage and persistance we have as we encounter new experience and unexpected obstacles。 take myself as an example， i changed my major when i became a postgraduate。 after the choice，days have been harsh for me。i cannot understand the new lessons at all。
for they are closely related to mathmatics which i learned nothing about before。 however wuth the belief that this is the great chance for me to experience new ideas and challenge myself，i persisted。
i asked for help from every channel and reorgonized my life。 gradually i could understand some parts and even found maths interesting。moreover，
i learned to act instead of plaining。 in retrospect，the choice left no trace in my mind but the happiness and bitterness of the past four months bees an unforgetable experience in my life。 no matter what the choice is， enjoy the process。 in the process， your potential will be inspired and new discoveries，improvement and progress will e to you。
these are the most beautiful sceneries and only on the way can you see it。these make your life colorful。
there is no need and i donnot want to judge whether it right or wrong for me to be here，but i congratulate to myself for i gain and enjoy this fantastic experience。 so my dear friends，never worry about your choice and enjoy the process。 i am sure you will get something new and intersting tonight after you chose to e here。 thank you!
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇五
Today, my speech is about talents,in my opionion, talents are indispensable in nowadays society. as is known to all that the fight among countries is actually the fight among talents.
First, i'd like to define the word"talent" in my idea, a talent is one person who is good at or expertised in some or multiple areas. nowadays, as the world developing goes on , if one country want to rank top or do a good job in the world, the country must have many example, china, the biggest developing country in the world, in the past 100 years, is always invaded by other countries, why ,the reason is that china at that time had not so many talents. if they had anti-intrusion leader talents in the war, needless to say,they would have beat those big they had talents in weapons manufacturing, nodody dares to provoke , nowadays, it's a totally different situation, china has become powerfulin all over the world, why ? because there are many talents serving the country, the civilians become more and more and more people go to university,more and more people come to receive further education. so what is that in return,talents in army protect our country from invasion, talents in commerce help make our economy keep in improving, talents in aerospace make the world see chinese manned spacecraft flying. talents in sports make china rank the first in the olympic games……
To sum up, talents will play a more and more impoetant role in the world, if one country intends to flourish, he must foster talents as many as they can ,that's all,thank you.
英语发言稿格式
从大的'方面看，英语发言实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文，下面整理的是英语发言稿格式，欢迎阅读。
Honorable Judges, fellow students:
Good afternoon!
Recently, ther is a heated debate in our society. The college students are the beneficiaries of a rare privilege, who receive exceptional education at extraordinary places. But will we be able to face the challenge and support ourselves against all odds? Will we be able to better the lives of others? Will we be able to accept the responsibility of building the future of our country?
The cynics say the college students are the pampered lost generation, which would cringe at the slightest discomfort. But the cynics are wrong. The college students I see are eagerly learning about how to live independently. We help each other clean the dormitory, go shopping and bargain together, and take part time jobs to supplement our pocket money.
The cynics say we care for nothing other than grades; and we neglect the need for character cultivation. But again, the cynics are wrong. We care deeply for each other, we cherish freedom, we treasure justice, and we seek truth. Last week, thousands of my fellow students had their blood type tested in order to make a contribution for the children who suffer from blood cancer.
As college students, we are adolescents at the critical turning point in our lives. We all face a fundamental choice: cynicism or faith, each will profoundly impact our future, or even the future of our country. I believe in all my fellow classmates. Though we are still inexperienced and even a little bit childish. I believe that we have the courage and faith to meet any challenge and take on our responsibilities. We are preparing to assume new responsibilities and tasks, and to use the education we have received to make our world a better place. I believe in our future.
Honourable judges, ladies and gentlemen,
Good afternoon! Today I would like to talk about the importance of keeping optimistic. When we encounter difficulties in life, we notice that some of us choose to bury their heads in the sand. Unfortunately, however, this attitude will do you no good, because if you will have no courage even to face them, how can you conquer them? Thus, be optimistic, ladies and gentlemen, as it can give you confidence and help you see yourself through the hard times, just as Winston Churchill once said, “An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.”
Ladies and Gentlemen, keeping optimistic, you will be able to realize, in spite of some hardship, there’s always hope waiting for you, which will lead you to the ultimate success. Historically as well as currently, there are too many optimists of this kind to enumerate. You see, Thomas Edison is optimistic; if not, the light of hope in his heart could not illuminate the whole world. Alfred Nobel is optimistic; if not, the explosives and the prestigious Nobel Prize would not have come into being. And Lance Armstrong is also optimistic; if not, the devil of cancer would have devoured his life and the world would not see a 5-time winner of the Tour De France.
A rose may be beautiful, or maybe not; that depends on your attitude only, and so does success, so does life. Hindrances and difficulties do exist, but if you are optimistic, then they are only episodes on your long way to the throne of success; they are more bridges than obstacles! Now I prefer to end my speech with the great British poet Shelley’s lines: “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” Thank you!
Good evening，
I’m very honored to stand here and give you a short speech! I hope you will like it .
First I want to ask you some questions:
1、Do you know what is youth?
2、How do you master your youth?
Everyone has his own understanding of young. youth is the time of life when one is young, but often means the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity). It is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work or having sexual relations without consent.
In my opinion, Youth is not only a certain time of your life; also it is the shape of your mind. It is not only bright eyes, sweet smiles, nice voices, supple bodies, but also it is the way that you think and act.
Youth is a lively topic, youth is a mature turning.
Youth is like a gust of wind blowing, leaving only the dusty back.
We have been or are embrace the youth, we will lose our youth.
Some people say that youth is a scrap of paper, of no use. Every attempt nothing and accomplish nothing, only know to eat, drink, play, music, do not know how to study hard, do not know how parents bitterness, do not understand the meaning of some people, although they are unknown to the public, but they cherish their youth, cherish their own every second.
As a new era of college students, should cherish the youth, to seize every minute to learn. We must hold to our youth, do not waste one's life. On the road of growing up, do every thing, each reading a good book, learn every bit of knowledge. We should not idle about all day, abandoned their studies. We want to make sure that the goal of life for themselves, to pursue the ideal of life. This is the youth: full power, full of expectations, voluntary, full of knowledge and the struggle of ambition.
Youth is a song, sing the life the most memorable fragment; youth is a painting, draw the outline of the most wonderful scene; youth is a poem, to praise the most beautiful moment in life; youth is the only way which must be passed to each of us in our life, it plays a significant role.
I hope my short speech will make you see the things clearly.
发言稿的写法比较灵活，结构形式要求也不像演讲稿那么严格，下面我为大家收集了英文发言稿的格式，欢迎阅读！
英文发言稿的格式
英语发言稿实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文，其基本组成部分是：
1)开始时对听众的称呼语 最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用 Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr Chairman, Honorable Judges(评委)等等。
2)提出论题 由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的'孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3)论证 对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。
4)结论
结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。
5)结尾 结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解”，“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention。
范本1
Students, guests , teachers and Honorable Judges
Good morning !
my great pleasure to share my dream with you today. my dream is to becom#e a teacher....
As the whole world has its boundaries, limits and freedom coexist in our life. I don’t expect com#plete freedom, which is impossible. I simply have a dream that supports my life.
I dream that one day, I could escape from the deep sea of thick schoolbooks and lead my own life. With my favorite fictions, I lie freely on the green grass, smelling the spring, listening to the wind singing, breathing the fresh and cool air and dissolve my soul in nature at last. Simple and short enjoyment can bring me great satisfaction.
I dream that one day the adults could throw their prejudice of com#ic and cartoon away. They could keep a lovely heart that can share sorrow and happiness with us while watching cartoon or doing personal things. That’s the real com#munication of heart to heart.
I have the belief that my dreams should com#e true. I am looking forward to some day com#ing when I am like a proud eagle, which flies to the blue and vast sky.
范本2
Ladies and Gentlemen , Good afternoon! I’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. today my topic is “youth”. I hope you will like it , and found the importance in your youth so that more cherish it.
First I want to ask you some questions:
1、 Do you know what is youth?
2、 How do you master your youth?
Youth
Youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind ; it is not rosy cheeks , red lips and supple knees, it is a matter of the emotions : it is the freshness ; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life .
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite , for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 . Nobody grows old merely by a number of years . We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul . Worry , fear , self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust .
Whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being ‘s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living . In the center of your heart and my heart there’s a wireless station : so long as it receives messages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young .
When the aerials are down , and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old ,even at 20 , but as long as your aerials are up ,to catch waves of optimism , there is hope you may die young at 80.
Thank you!
论文摘要一般指内容提要,分为英文摘要和中文摘要,以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。下面是我为大家精心整理的医学论文英文摘要格式，仅供大家参考。 一、标点符号 1、中英文标点混用: 经常出现英文里夹有中文逗号和句号，中文标点占一个字距，英文标点占半个字距，很明显是不同的。英文中如果冒出了占地多、又很粗大的逗号、引号、括号等，可能就是错用了中文标点。如: He says，“What?” 2、英文标点后空格问题: 英文标点后都要空格，看起来是个挺简单的原则，但受中文的影响，有人打字时就总是忘了空格。更有甚者，把字打成了先空格再加标点。这些错误在外国人眼里都是很明显的，因为外国人特别注意断句。 3、英文中没有的符号: 英语中没有顿号和书名号，在表示并列时用逗号。例如red、yellow、blue and black. 应该写成red，yellow，blue and black.《Beijing Youth Daily》应该写成Beijing Youth Daily。 4、中英文省略号的区别: 中文为中六点，英文为下三点。常见的错误是英文中用了居中的三个黑点 xxx… ，即用了中文省略号的一半。 二、数字 1、在正文中，数字10 以下用英语拼出， 10 以上包括10 用 *** 数字 序数词10 以下用英语拼出，10 以上 包括10用 *** 数字，如the 10th lunar month， the second lunar month 注意: th 不做上标 。带小数点的数字全部用 *** 数字表示，如 和 等。数字超过1000，必须表达为1,000。 2、百分数范围的书写: 每个百分数后面的“%”都要重复写出，例如“50% ～70%”不能写成“50 ～70%” 3、数字与单位之间要空格，例如: km，m 和cm等与前面的数字之间要空格，例如1， 000 km，而不要连在一起。 有关推荐：
从小学、初中、高中到大学乃至工作，大家都不可避免地要接触到论文吧，论文是学术界进行成果交流的工具。相信很多朋友都对写论文感到非常苦恼吧，以下是我为大家整理的医学论文格式要求及字体大小，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
一、医学论文的格式：
医学论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
1、医学论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。
按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
2、医学论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
3、医学论文格式的字体：各类标题(包括“参考文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
4、医学论文格式的字号：论文题目用三号字体，居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
5、医学论文格式正文打印页码，下面居中。
6、医学论文打印纸张规格：A4210×297毫米。
7、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中，“字符数/行数”选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上：3厘米;下：厘米;左：厘米;右：厘米;装订线：厘米;装订线位置：左侧;页眉：厘米;页脚厘米。
8、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中，“缩进”选0厘米，“间距”选0磅，“行距”选倍，“特殊格式”选(无)，“调整右缩进”选项为空，“根据页面设置确定行高格线”选项为空。
9、页眉用小五号字体打印“湖北工业大学管理学院2002级XX专业学年论文”字样，并左对齐。
10、使用软件：MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
二、医学论文的写作技巧：
医学论文的写作技巧上注意文字简洁、观点鲜明、数据准确、内容真实、具有实验的重复性、符合国家标准的计量单位。
三、医学论文的类型：
一般医学刊物中刊用的文章，大致可分为以下几种类型：述评、论著、病例报告、临床病例讨论、学术交流、综述、专题笔谈、经验介绍、讲座、简讯等。
四、医学论文的产生过程：
选题阶段：论文的选题，也即是科研的选题，有时一项科研可产生多篇论文。
选题过程一般可分为三步：初拟题目：在这项工作之前必须手中有资料和设想，当然可以是前瞻性研究或回顾性总结，大致可有以下几个方面：⑴临床遇到的罕见病例和疑难病例;
⑵危重病人的诊治经验;
⑶阅读国内外文献、参加学术会议受到的启发，进行技术和方法的移植研究;
⑷新药、新仪器的临床应用，新的诊断方法及治疗经验;
⑸上级布置或招标的题目。
在初步考虑拟选题目之后，应进行全面的文献检索，避免题目类同、结论陈旧和不符合客观事实。
在别人研究成果基础上寻找尚未解决的问题作为自己的研究题目。
实验研究阶段：这包括应用国外或国内的先进手段、药物、手术方法、检测等进行临床试用、观察和随访调查，并用动物或正常人作对照试验，要求详细记录各种数据及资料，作为论证和评价成果的依据。
整理、分析资料和总结阶段：对以上资料进行统计分析，绘制图表，临床分析和比较，得出显效、有效和生存率、死亡率、发病率等结论，并分析其相互关系，引证文献作对比。
分析成功和失败的原因及制约因素，并对病因学、流行病学、发病机制进行论证，包括预后的估价。
最后对论文作出自我评价，提出有待进一步探讨的问题。
撰写论文阶段：该详则祥，该简则简，文字简练，用语准确，恰如其氛，切忌浮夸和虚构。
当然，在产生论文以前，每位作者必须学会文献检索，统计学的基础知识的X2检验、T检验、F检验、相关分析、回归运算、如何选择样本大小等，努力阅读医学情报信息和文献积累，在实践中不断总结，逐步提高写作水平，这样才能水到渠成写出真正好的论文。
五、医学论文的基础结构：
医学论文的具体撰写，一般可分为题目、序言、材料与方法、结果、讨论、参考文献等项。
题目：医学论文的题目必须符合内容而简明扼要、突出重点，能够明确表达论文的性质和目的。
题目一般都采用主要由名词组成的词组来表达，且标题不宜过长、一般少于20字。
摘要：全文必须描述通过什么方法，得到什么结果，资料及数据来源，提出的结论。
具体按四要素来书写中、英文摘要：目的`方法(Methods)、结果(Results)、结论(Results)、中英文内容要一致。
字数控制在200字左右。
关键词或主题词3～5条。
英文摘要应包括文题、作者姓名(汉语拼音)、单位名称、所在城市名及邮政编码。
作者应列出前3位，3位以上加"etal"。
序言：过去研究的情况、方法、目的和所获得的主要成果或特点。
文字不宜超过100～200字。
材料和方法：这是执行科研的关键部分，对于要进行的科学研究工作，必须按照实际情况，在事先：⑴选择好合适的即合乎一定条件的、一定数量的研究对象;
⑵采用一定的实验、诊断或治疗方法(包括实验步骤、方法、器材试剂、药品);
⑶经过一定时期的观察，相同条件下的对照组，与他人结果比较并综合分析。
这部分内容要求简明准确、材料完整及可信。
结果：把全部原始资料集中起来加以分析，在处理这些原始资料时，应是随机地，客观地加以分析。
讨论：是一篇论文中十分重要的部分，其主要任务是探讨“结果”的意义。
讨论的主要内容包括：⑴主要的原理和概念;
⑵实验条件的优缺点;
⑶本人结果与他人结果的异同，突出新的发现及新发明;
⑷解释因果关系，说明偶然性与必然性;
⑸尚未定论之处，相反的理论;
⑹急需研究的方向和存在的主要问题。
“讨论”的内容也以精简为原则，要能讲清楚主要的论点，已经谈过的不宜在这一节里予以重复。
在结论的问题中避免以假设来“证明”假设，以未知来说明未知，并依次循环推论。
参考文献：列出参考文献的目的，在于引证资料的来源，不可从别人的论文中转抄过来。
内部资料，非经正式发表者，一般不作文献引用，为此一般要求引用文献者必须用阅读过的重要的、近年的文献为准。
论著10条左右，论著摘要3～5条，综述20条左右。
六、医学论文撰写中的常见问题：
科研设计的选题与立题问题标题太长，主题不突出。
标题与内容不符，或题目太大而内容贫乏。
标题单调，主题不明确。
关于题目要求：
⑴可检索性;
⑵特异;
⑶明确;
⑷简短。
命题方法：
⑴方法;
⑵结论;
⑶探讨。
关于把"构成比"当"率"的概念问题：在医学文献中，我们发现有些作者对患病率、发病率、死亡率、感染率等概念混淆不清。
关于疗效的确切评价问题：只有观察组没有对照组，有比较才能有鉴别，医学研究结果如无适当的对照比较，就难结论。
即使有了对照组，若两者之间没有可比性，同样不能得出确切的结论。
以上可见，对照组与实验组一定在性别、年龄、病情、病期、病型、部位、疗程等条件大致相同的情况下，才有可比性，其结果才有科学价值。
病例资料经过有意无意的挑选：有些论文，对所谓“资料不全”、“疗程未满”、“未随访到”的病例剔除不计，这样所得的结果往往比实际疗效高，因为若如此剔除，其结果的科学性必然成问题。
更有甚者，对一些数据，主观臆断地以某种原因为理由加以剔除，完全失去了这次研究的意义。
考核方法和考核指标的科学性不够：
⑴无明确的客观指标、仅凭患者主诉进行考核;
⑵观察、研究人员的主观偏面性;
⑶考核标准过低;
⑷数据未经统计学处理;
⑸考核方法不够科学。
统计学分析的差错。
医学论文基本特点
创新性
理论型科技论文是新的科学研究成果或创新见解和知识的科学记录。技术型科技论文是已知原理应用于实际中取得新进展的科学总结。也就是说没有新的观点、见解、结果和结论，就不成其为科技论文。科技论文是科学和技术进步的科学记录和历史性文件，没有新意的论文又怎能体现科技的发展。
创新性是科技论文同其它科技文章的基本区别。如科技报告和综述等具备科学性、学术性等特点，但可不具备创新性特点，创新性或新意是写作与发表每篇科技论文必备的条件，但只有创新性或新意还不够。
科技论文都应是“新”的，但其创新程度有大小之分。在科技论文写作中，要特别谨慎使用“首创”、“首次提出”、“首次发现”等词。“首次提出”等词一般是指具有重大价值的研究成果。
科技论文是报道自己的新研究成果，与他人相重复的研究，基础性知识，具体过程或数学推导，给出参考文献或作简要交代就够。科技论文的写法应避免与教科书、实验报告写法等同，不要用“众所周知”这个词。
科学性和准确性
科学性是科技论文同一般议论文以及一切非科技文体的基本区别。科学性主要包括两方面：一方面是指科技论文的内容是科学技术研究的成果。另一方面是指科技论文表达形式的科学性和实事求是的科学精神，即科技论文的结构严谨、思维符合逻辑规律、材料真实、方法准确可靠、观点正确无误。准确性主要是指科技论文的实验过程、实验结果具有可重复性。科技论[文中不要用'据]估计、据统计、据报道、[据观察']等词,应给出参考文献。
学术性或理论性
科技论文的学术性即理论性。学术性是科技论文同其他科技文章的基本区别。所谓学术是指系统和专门的学问，是指有较深厚的实践基础和一定的理论体系的知识。科技论文学术性是指一篇科技论文应具备一定的学术价值（理论价值）。一篇科技论文的学术价值一般包括两个方面：
1、对实验、观察或用其他方式所得到的结果，要从一定的理论高度进行分析和总结，形成一定的科学见解，包括提出并解决一些有科学价值的问题；
2、对自己提出的科学见解或问题，要用事实和理论进行符合逻辑的论证与分析或说明，要将实践上升为理论。
规范性
科技论]文必须按一定格式和要求进行规范写作。如科技论文的参考文献著录应规范，文字表达应规范，语言和技术细节应采用国际或本国法定的名词术语、数字、符号、计量单位等。科技论文要求准确、简明、通顺、条理清楚。
逻辑性
医学论文的逻辑性是指论题、论点、论据、论证之间的联系一环扣一环，循序撰写，首尾呼应，顺理成章，并做到资料完整，设计合理，避免牵强附会，虎头蛇尾，空洞无物。
可读性
医学写论文的目的就是进行学术交流，最终是给人看的，因此，论文必须具有可读性，即文字通顺，结构清晰，所用词汇具有专业性，而且是最易懂，最有表达了的字眼。使读者用较少的脑力和时间理解所表达的观点和结论，并留下深刻的影响。
英语论文格式模板2017
英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文，除了细心严谨之外，还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板，欢迎阅读!
英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。
英语论文用激光打印机打印，打印稿为黑白稿，彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心：a4纸，上、下页边距 cm，左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过， 长不得超过。
字体和字号：正文，标题，作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体，斜体。
行距：单倍行距。
页码：论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字，位于页面下方居中。
文体：文章应语法正确，技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长，请采用title: subtitle的形式。
数学公式：文中的数学公式不得手写，必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用，应该编号。公式之间，公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位： 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内，单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献，如anmc metric editorial guide， 5th ed，1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council， 1735n. lynn street， suite 950， arlington， va 22209-2022)
图表：
标题说明和图例：插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1，figure 2，table 1，table 2)。图的说明和标题，包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题，包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。
位置：图可以插入到正文中，或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图，尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式，可选择上下环绕方式。
底纹：插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹，否则会影响印刷效果。
照片：如果文中需要附上照片，在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片，标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印，请不要提供彩色照片，以免影响印刷效果。
扫描图：印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图，请提供灰色色标扫描图。
作者联络信息：请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的，包括以下内容：作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
参考文献：所有参考文献为单倍行距，放在文章最后，按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献，按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时，作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小，难于辨认，正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用，如果正文中没有引用，请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分，或者相关材料(related materials)部分。
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
4、论文格式的字体：各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
5、论文格式的字号：论文题目用三号字体，居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
6、格式正文打印页码，下面居中。
7、论文打印纸张规格：A4210297毫米。
8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中，字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上：3厘米;下：厘米;左：厘米;右：厘米;装订线：厘米;装订线位置：左侧;页眉：厘米;页脚厘米。
9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中，缩进选0厘米，间距选0磅，行距选倍，特殊格式选(无)，调整右缩进选项为空，根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。
10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样，并左对齐。
11、使用软件：MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
文献注释
注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目，集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字，不要列入文末的参考文献，而要作为注释放在页下，用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式，如：
①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体，注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体，英语采用Times New Roman 9号。
如何写好论文答辩陈述词呢？一、熟悉论文参加论文答辩，首先必须对自己所着的论文有深刻、全面、准确的理解；其次，还要对论文内容有横向把握，即理解从论文主题伸出的概念；此外，近期发生的、和论文有关的新闻时事、学术热点等最好多了解一下。二、想好“台词”在答辩前要事先规划好自己的论文陈述都说什么。一般来说应该涵盖这些方面：1、为什么选择这个题目；2、写作目的是什么，为解决什么问题；3、全文的基本框架、结构、行文逻辑是什么；4、通过研究发现了什么；5、论文在选题、观点、方法等方面有什么创新之处；6、论文有什么不足之处（但注意不要把论文的硬伤说出来）。 注意陈述一定要概括、将重点有所总结，而不是记流水账一样地说“第一章写了……第二章写了……”,因为这些内容老师完全通过翻阅纸质档论文了解。三、做好PPT1、内容：每页不超过10行字或一幅画，只列要点，避免放大段文字；2、配色：力求文字清晰、简洁易看，字体颜色要和背景形成鲜明反差，避免过多颜色、过于花哨繁复配色；3、图表：可以适当地在PPT中穿插使用一些能说明论点的图表，不仅能吸引观众注意，还能更形象地表达你的观点。四、练习控制时间一般答辩现场都对学生的陈述时间有限制。在正式答辩前一定要多计时演练几遍自己的陈述，学会控制掌握时间。这样到时显得你对答辩内容的掌握和控制较熟练，给答辩老师一个准备充分的好印象；否则，很可能会刚讲了一半时间就到了，造成尴尬达到结果。五、拿上必备材料1、论文纸质版：自己手上必须有一份，可以不加封面，但页码一定要与送交答辩的论文一致，方便老师提问时自己查找相应页面； 2、纸和笔：有些答辩老师提问较多，或者每个老师分别提问、学生最后一起回答，有纸笔方便在老师提问时记下题目，或在准备回答时简单做思路笔记。六、注意演讲技巧1、控制语速：很多学生答辩时，说话速度往往越来越快，一致答辩老师听不清楚，影响答辩效果。因此一定要注意语速，要有急有缓，有轻有重；2、目光移动：无论是否脱稿，都应注意自己的目光要时常望一下答辩老师和其他同学，这样可以避免观众分神；3、体态相辅：答辩过程中一成不变地站着或低头，很容易使答辩变得单调；而适当地运用体态，尤其是手势语言，会显得更为自信、有力。七、调整心态1、保持自信：面对几位学术水平显然高于你的答辩老师，不要过于紧张，要相信只要准备充分，一般老师是不会为难你的；2、心态谦虚：如果老师指出了你论文中明确的错误，最好就大方承认，不要试图再反复辩驳了；或者如果老师提出的问题论文中已经写出来了，也不要说“我论文中某某页已经写了答案”,只要再复述一遍答案就好。
答辩前的准备，最重要的是答辩者的准备。要保证论文答辩的质量和效果，关键在答辩者一边。论文作者要顺序通过答辩，在提交了论文之后，不要有松一口气的思想，而应抓紧时间积极准备论文答辩。首先，要写好毕业论文的简介，主要内容应包括论文的题目，指导教师姓名，选择该题目的动机，论文的主要论点、论据和写作体会以及本议题的理论意义和实践意义。其次，要熟悉自己所写论文的全文，尤其是要熟悉主体部分和结论部分的内容，明确论文的基本观点和主论的基本依据；弄懂弄通论文中所使用的主要概念的确切涵义，所运用的基本原理的主要内容；同时还要仔细审查、反复推敲文章中有无自相矛盾、谬误、片面或模糊不清的地方，有无与党的政策方针相冲突之处等等。如发现有上述问题，就要作好充分准备——补充、修正、解说等。只要认真设防，堵死一切漏洞，这样在答辩过程中，就可以做列心中有数、临阵不慌、沉着应战。第三，要了解和掌握与自己所写论文相关联的知识和材料。如自己所研究的这个论题学术界的研究已经达到了什么程度?目前，存在着哪些争议?有几种代表性观点?各有哪些代表性著作和文章?自己倾向哪种观点及理由；重要引文的出处和版本；论证材料的来源渠道等等。这些方面的知识和材料都要在答辩前做到有比较好的了解和掌握。第四，论文还有哪些应该涉及或解决，但因力所不及而未能接触的问题，还有哪些在论文中未涉及到或涉及到很少，而研究过程中确已接触到了并有一定的见解，只是由于觉得与论文表述的中心关联不大而没有写入等等。第五，对于优秀论文的作者来说，还要搞清楚哪些观点是继承或借鉴了他人的研究成果，哪些是自己的创新观点，这些新观点、新见解是怎么形成的等等。
论文答辩稿子怎么写:PPT1:各位老师上午好！我叫XXX，是什么级XX学院XX专业的学生，我的论文题目是XXX。论文是在XXX导师的悉心指点下完成的，（在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意，同时也向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢。若时间紧迫，不用说。）下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报。PPT2:我将从以下四个方面介绍我的论文，分别是背景及意义、研究对象与方法、论文概述、结论与分析。PPT3:首先是第一部分，背景及意义。主要介绍了本论文的研究背景、研究目的和研究意义。（根据时间自决定如何展开说。）PPT4：近年来，由于XXX而XX，因此本文将视角选定在XX行业，展开研究，探究XXX。但是由于目前适用于XXX的模型尚少，因此在目前较为理想的XXX模型的基础上，构建更加适用于XXX行业的XXX模型，进行深入分析并得出结论。PPT5：接下来是研究目的和意义。研究目的主要由以下四点，分别从两方信息使用者的角度来谈。主要目的是给管理者和投资者建议及参考价值。PPT6:研究意义有以下两点，分别是理论意义和实践意义理论意义：XXX理论在我国发展不久，目前尚未研究出一个适用于XXX行业的XXX模型，因此理论上急需研究。实践意义：为管理者和投资者具有较强的实践意义，同时也给同行业的其他企业以参考。
论文答辩是一种比较正规的审查形式，有组织、有准备、有鉴定、有计划的。答辩会由校方、答辩委员会还有答辩者组成。我在此献上 毕业 答辩发言稿，希望大家喜欢。
毕业答辩发言稿一：
各位老师，上午好!
我叫赵晓琦，是土 木工 程__ 班的学生，我的论文题目为某某市八十八中学办公楼的设计。设计是在姚力老师的悉心指点下完成的，在那里我向我的老师表示深深的谢意，也向在坐各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢，并对上大学来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。
下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要资料向各位老师作一汇报，恳请各位老师批评指导。
首先我想简单介绍本设计。
本工程为某某市八十八中学办公楼采用多层框架结构，主体结构为6层，内外装修均为一般装修，为永久性建筑。该楼总建筑面积为3981㎡，拟建位置另行给定，抗震设防烈度为8度。
其次我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要资料。
毕业答辩发言稿二：
各位领导、来宾，老师、同学们：
大家上午好!
为了进一步提高广大学生的创业意识，鼓励创新观念的成长，促进同学们就业观念由“择业”向“创业”转换，促进产、学、研一体化发展，培养能够适应市场经济发展需求的骨干人才，厦门大学团委一直致力于激发大学生创新创业的热情，以“挑战杯” 创业计划 竞赛为契机，为大学生创新创业提供广阔的平台。
“恒安杯”厦门大学第五届创业计划竞赛从去年5月启动至今，共吸引了1000多名本科生、硕士生和博士生参加，申报了65个项目。有30支团队从去年10月的初赛中脱颖而出。经过初赛、复赛和决赛三个阶段的培训和角逐，目前闯入决赛的9支队伍今天在此进行决赛。现在我简要向各位介绍一下本次竞赛的举办情况。
毕业论文答辩流程
1、 自我介绍 ：自我介绍作为答辩的发言稿，包括姓名、学号、专业。介绍时要举止大方、态度从容、面带微笑，礼貌得体的介绍自己，争取给答辩小组一个良好的印象。好的开端就意味着成功了一半。
2、答辩人陈述：收到成效的自我介绍只是这场答辩的开始，接下来的自我陈述才进入正轨。自述的主要内容包括论文标题;课题背景、选择此课题的原因及课题现阶段的发展情况;有关课题的具体内容，其中包括答辩人所持的观点看法、研究过程、实验数据、结果;答辩人在此课题中的研究模块、承担的具体工作、解决方案、研究结果。 文章 的创新部分;结论、价值和展望; 自我评价 。
3、提问与答辩：答辩教师的提问安排在答辩人自述之后，是答辩中相对灵活的环节，有问有答，是一个相互交流的过程。一般为3个问题，采用由浅入深的顺序提问，采取答辩人当场作答的方式。
4、 总结 ：上述程序一一完毕，代表答辩也即将结束。答辩人最后纵观答辩全过程，做总结陈述，包括两方面的总结：毕业设计和论文写作的体会;参加答辩的收获。答辩教师也会对答辩人的表现做出点评：成绩、不足、建议。
5、致谢：感谢在毕业设计论文方面给予帮助的人们并且要礼貌地感谢答辩教师。
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英文的演讲稿篇一 ：英文论文演讲稿
1、hello everyone！
today i will introduce you a paper, which is called “effects of corporate governance on capital structure: empirical evidence from pakistan “
2、i will use the following four parts to introduce
3、i got this paper from the emerald reprints the world’s leading publisher of management research and the type of the paper is research paper
纳迪姆阿麦的sheke
4、then we can have a simple knowledge of the two authors:nadeem ahmed sheikh and 王宗军 one is a doctoral degree candidate in the school of management, hua zhong university of science and technology, wuhan .the other is a professor in this college
5. about the paper’s outline
firstly the aim of this empirical study is to investigate whether corporate governance attributes affect capital structure choices of pakistani firms
then the design of the paper is multiple regression analysis
6、in order to have a good knowledge of the paper we can from the following three aspects to
the attributes of the corporate governance are background also includes ：measures of corporate governance and their relation to capital structure
8、research design
firstly methodology：it includes three aspects: data variables and methodology date: this study investigates the significant corporate governance attributes that may affect the capital structure of non-financial firms listed on the karachi stock exchange pakistan during 2004-2008. and the final sample set consists of 775 observations for 155 firms over a period of five years.
this study employed panel data methodology(面板数据方式) because sample contained data across firms and over time
9、this table is the definition of variables. it includes three parts:
10. dependent variables consist of total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio. this is a basic formula.
12、this table is the yearly mean value of shareholding pattern
13、here are some of regression analysis tables, through the multiple regression analysis the paper gives the conclusions
14、the results is as follows:
capital structure is positively related to board size、outside directors and ownership concentration. that is to say: a large board serve as a means to obtain support from external environment;
boards with more independent directors can take on more debt on favorable terms due to effective monitoring ;
block holders have more ability than dispersed shareholders to force management to take those actions that maximize the shareholder wealth.
15、on the other hand, capital structure is negative related to managerial ownership、director remuneration 、profitability and liquidity.
16、in the end, i have a summary:
the results of the paper indicate that corporate governance attributes, in part, explicate the financing behavior of pakistani firms
and, the empirical results of this study provide support to corporate managers in establishing an optimal capital structure, and to regulatory authorities for enacting laws and developing institutional support to make corporate governance mechanisms work more effectively in the country.
17、thats all, thank you for listen to me, if you are interested in this paper you can have a study after class
thank you !
篇二：英语论文演讲稿
my paper is revenge tragedy in english renaissance——about 《hamlet》 ppt1:.... ppt2:....
ppt3:....
ppt4:next, let`s analyse the relationship between the characters in the drama. this is a relationship diagram.
hamlet ,the prince of denmark and also the protagonist(主角、主要人物、领导者）was about thirty years old at the start of the play. hamlet is the son of queen gertrude and the late king hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, claudius. hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle’s scheming and disgust for his mother’s sexuality. a reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the university of wittenberg, hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts.
哈姆雷特 prince hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。
claudius, as the king of denmark, hamlet’s uncle and the villain（反派角色） of the play, was a calculating, ambitious politician,and was driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally showed signs of guilt and human feeling—his love for gertrude, for instance, seems sincere.
克劳迪斯 claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。
鬼魂 king hamlet (ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。
ophelia - polonius’s daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom hamlet has been in love. ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, laertes. dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to polonius’s schemes（诡计） to spy（侦察） on hamlet. even in her lapse into（陷入） madness and death, she remains maiden, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river。
欧菲莉 ophelia—— 波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。
ppt6: then let`s look at the character analysis of hamlet. hamlet pretended to be mad in order to revenge. he also use his intelligence to approve his uncle`s guilt.
when hamlet confirmed that claudius was guilt, he decided to revenge without fear. then he also use stratagem to make himself avoid being killed. all of these approved that he was brave and smart.
ppt7: he pursued ophelia and finally gave up because of the revenge. before he was fight with laertes, he said sorry to him. this indicates he was guilt and sorry for laertes because it was he that made laertes lose his father. these approved that he was a kind and sincere man.
ppt8:.....
ppt9: when we read the play, we can also easily feel the dilemma. just like the words “to be or not to be-that is the question”
ppt10:.....
ppt11:......
篇三：如何写好英文演讲稿
从很多方面来说，写演讲稿就像写论文，但演讲稿却没有像论文那般特别注重单词的拼写与标点的错误。写演讲稿的时候，不要用一些发音不顺畅或是你不明白意思的单词，因为会导致你的演讲不够流畅。
instructions 说明
how much time your speech should take. if you dont have a time limit, try to keep your speech brief yet informative.
估算自己演讲所需的时间。如果没有演讲上的时间限制，就尽量让你的演讲篇幅简短且内容丰富。
about your audience and let your perception of the audience shape the tone of your speech as you write it.
站在听众的角度多想想，当你撰写演讲稿时，你要让观众也能在演讲稿中切身体会你的演讲魅力。
with an introduction that establishes who you are, what your purpose is, what youll be talking about and how long youre going to take. you may want to include a joke, anecdote or interesting fact to grab the audiences attention.
先介绍自己，以表述演讲目的、演讲主题和演讲时长作为开端。在这段话中，你要说一个笑话、奇闻奇事或趣事来直接引起听众的`注意。
your information into three to seven main points and prioritize them according to importance and effectiveness.
用3-7条大纲组织演讲内容信息，并根据重要性和有效性分清要点主次。
5. points that arent crucial to your speech if you have too many for your time frame.
假如时间不允许，你可以删减一些演讲中不重要的点。
with your most important point, then go to your least important point and move slowly back toward the most important. for example, if you have five points with no. 5 being the most important and no. 1 being the least important, your presentation order would be
5-1-2-3-4. 从最重要的一点开始你的演讲，之后到次重要点，然后再慢慢回到最重要点上。例如，你的演讲稿中有5点要讲，第5点是其中的重中之重，而第1点是次重要点，你的演
讲顺序应为：51234。
support to each point using statistics, facts, examples, anecdotes, quotations or other supporting material.
借助图表、事实、例子、奇闻轶事、引文与其它材料作为演讲点的支撑部分。
your introduction, points and conclusions together with smooth transitions. 引言、演讲要点和结论连贯顺承地串在一起。
a conclusion that summarizes each of your points, restates your main purpose and leaves the audience with a lasting impression.用结论总结所有演讲点，重申主题，让观众留下最后的深刻印象。
英文的演讲稿篇四：三分钟英语励志演讲稿
Good afternoon ，ladies and gentlemen！
I'm very honored to stand here and give you a short speech! To begin with ,I want to ask a question .Does everybody dream a good dream last night?
Actually ,today I want to talk about dream with you. Of course, What I want to talk is not a dream you have last night,but a dream—— about life.
Everyone has dreams about life, different dreams at different life stage,and we need dreams to support us. Dreams are like the stars we never reach in the sky,but like most mariners（水手）,we can chart our course by them. With the dream,we have a direction,with a direction, we were no longer the dream, there is hope,With hope, we have the strength to fight.
But I know，life is tough,and there are always ups and downs, maybe we fail in the way to our aims,and we may feel depressed ,whenever at this time, the dream in our heart can always comfort us, encourage us ,and support us to move ahead . Young!Fortunately, I am young now. Just due to it, I know that nothing is firmly believe that nothing can stand in my way. If
I can't realize my dream,it result from that I haven't work harder enough and I won't find other excuses. If no people believe you, you can make it to prove that you are right. If you think the god haven't blessed you and there is no truth here, you can become the god and create the truth.
"My breath swallows the sky and make the yellow river overflow, my sword is famous in Kyushu and it can collapse the five sacred mountains." At some time in the past I also had am bitious words and I had some achievements. Each achievement results from my hard work. I always believe that "If you want to have more achievements than others, you must work harder."
In some extent, the dream is the hope. If you can insist on doing something, the victory will come.
Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams, for when dreams go, life is a barren field frozen with snow. So my dear friends, think of your old and maybe dead dreams. Whatever it is, pick it up and make it alive from today. Let's--- move ----out! Thank you for your listening!
1, experimental animal breeding: experimental animal breeding research experimental animal genetic improvement and genetic control, and wild animals and livestock of experimental animals. 2, experimental animal medicine: experimental animal medicine specialized experimental animal diseases diagnosis, treatment, prevention and it how in biomedical application science. 3 and comparative medical: comparative study of all animals, including man the similarities and differences between the basic life phenomenon. 4, experimental animal ecology: experimental animal living environment and conditions, such as animals houses, animal facilities, ventilation, temperature, humidity, light and noise, cage with, feed, water and various mat makings. 5, animal experiment technology: the study of animal experiments various operating technology and experimental methods, including experimental animal raising management technology and itself of various monitoring technology, etc.
【关键词】 医学英语论文； 标题写作； 修辞原则； 策略Abstract：As an important component part of a medical research paper，the English title plays a crucial role in promoting international academic exchanges. Its main functions are to summarize and reveal the subject, guide reading, and to be used for storage and retrieval. This paper mainly investigates the strategies of title writing for medical English research paper and presents four principles：focuse on subject，be accurate，be concise，be words： Medical English research paper; Title writing; Rhetorical principle; Strategy人们读书看报，首先要看的是标题，题目常常能概括地反应文章的内容。题目取得好，简练又吸引人，才会引起读者的兴趣。标题“居文之首，句文之要”，被人们比喻为文章的眼睛。标题在学术论文中同样起着至关重要的作用。随着经济全球化的发展，医学界国际交流活动日趋频繁，在交流活动中起主导作用的学术期刊更加“规范化、标准化”，国内越来越多刊物须附英文标题和摘要。因此，学术论文的标题英译也越来越重要。医学论文题名具有高度概括集中反映文献主题的功能，指导读者查找文献资料的导读功能和信息储存提供编制文献检索的功能［1］。本文主要探讨医学论文英文标题写作中应遵循的主要修辞原则及表达策略，以期更好地发挥学术论文标题的功能，促进学术交流。1 突出主题原则及修辞策略 题名是论文最重要的、浓缩的信息点，是读者最先得到的直接信息，即文章的主要观点和主要论点。因此，标题应简明扼要、重点突出、反映论文主题。根据国际医学期刊编辑委员会制定的《生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求》中对文题的要求：简练和反映论文主题，英文标题应切题准确，反映文章的中心内容，便于索引，利于论文广泛流通。 好的标题不仅能起到“画龙点睛”的作用，还可以提高论文索引的利用价值。通常读者总是先浏览期刊的文章标题，在对其感兴趣后才会通读全文。因此，在标题英译时，应从以下两个方面注意修辞策略： 在信息传递上，要充分反映论文的创新内容，重要内容前置，突出中心；准确使用题名的必要结构要素来完整表达医学文献主题，在医学论文中最常见的结构类型是由研究对象、研究目的和研究方法三要素组成的题名。在表达方式上，多用名词、名词词组、动名词来表达。文字安排应结构合理、选词准确、详略得当，重要的词放在文题的起始，如association, application, determination，effect，detection，establishment等词所引导的短语都是研究的中心内容。2 准确规范原则及修辞策略 准确是修辞的基本原则，也是翻译必须遵循的原则。科技文体写作更应遵循这一原则，因为学术研究特别强调准确，不能模糊不清、模棱两可。措辞准确、表达客观、逻辑严密、行文简洁、词义明确、含义固定是科技文体所共有的文体特征［2］。医学英语除了具备以上特征外，它还有大量的专业词汇、术语以及特定的词汇结构体系、语法规则和语篇结构。因此，在医学论文题名写作时语言表达要合乎医学论文写作的规范标准。论文标题英译要在正确理解原文的基础上进行，必须忠实地传达原文的内容，保持原文的风格。具体可采取以下方法： 首先，格式要求规范。标题译文可采用首字母大写，其余的用小写（首字母缩略词全大写，专有名词的首字母大写）；也可采用标题首字母大写，其余实词首字母大写，虚词小写(4个字母以上的介词或连词的首字母大写)；排列时可根据具体学术期刊的规范分别采用居中排与左对齐的方式；书名应用斜体表示。 其次，选词应强调专业化。与其它学科的英语术语相比，医学英语术语特征相对明显，专业化是医学英语的一大特色。因此，熟知医学英语术语，选择专业词汇，避免使用通俗语是医学工作者治学严谨的表现。例如，“先天性皮肤并指畸形” 应译为“syndactyly of fingers”而不是“congenital skin webbed fingers”；“大黄”“丹参”分别为“Rhubarb”和 “Salvia miltiorrhiza”，而不是“Da Hunag” 和“Dan Shen”。另一方面，科技英语用词强调词义单一、准确，忌用多义词。根据科技英语的这一修辞特点，在英译时应用词义明确单一的词来代替词义较多的词，如用to transmit, to convert, to obtain, to insert, to consume, to absorb, application, sufficient, superior来替代常用的to send, to change, to get, to put in, to use up, to take in, use, enough, better。 此外，用词要准确。注意不使用非标准化的缩略语，应使用公认的缩略词语、代号、符号、公式等。国际上《核心医学期刊文摘》中，对缩写词的使用非常谨慎，对非公认的缩略词语，第一次出现必须先写全名，缩写附后加括号。如丙型肝炎病人：hepatitis C virus (HCV)，维甲酸：all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)。 语言的习惯搭配也是医学论文英语标题写作特征的一种重要表现形式。在英语中，有相当数量的动词、名词、形容词都有其固定的介词搭配，在使用此类词语时一定要多加注意，以避免错误。医学英语标题多采用逻辑动宾关系的名词性组合形式，常见的搭配如：patients with, cases of, operation on, cure for, response to, effect on, research in/into/on, approach to, observation(s) of/on/in, treatment of等等。下面的标题译文很好地说明了正确使用介词搭配能有助于准确明了地反映论文的主题。 例： The acupuncture effect on left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris （针疗对冠心病心绞痛患者左心功能状态的影响） “影响”为中心词，但它在文中的意思为“疗效”，因为“针疗”是一种治疗疾病的方法，“针疗的疗效”可译为“acupuncture effect (on)”。“左心功能状态”是表类属的定语，应紧跟“影响”。“患者patients (with)”修饰“左心功能状态”，“冠心病心绞痛”修饰“患者”。层层修饰关系在译文中均以介词表示，译文准确而明晰。［3］3 简明有效原则及修辞策略 好的标题应是高度概括、言简意赅、便于检索。在完整、准确地概括全文内容的基础上，用尽量少的文字恰当反映所研究的范围和深度，不可夸大其词，以偏概全，也不可缩小研究范围，以偏代全。做到简明有效主要从以下两个方面着手： 在信息处理上，遵循科技写作中语言运用的最小信息差原则以谋求语言运用的最大信息量的输出和最佳交际效果，即“作者应该写的都能写出来，读者对作者所表达的意思都能读明白”［4］。 在选词用语上，文题力求语言精炼，中心词突出，一般在10个单词以内，通常不超过16个单词。标题起始处的冠词“A”“The”可以省略，但文题中间的“the”不能省。采用短语翻译题名，医学论文英语标题采取的主要短语结构有：名词+动词不定式；名词或名词短语+过去分词；现在分词短语；介词短语结构；名词或名词短语+介词短语；以动词形式开始的短语结构等。以短语形式来表达一个句子,结构言简意赅,内部组织严密,而且可以把更多的信息融于一体,使彼此的逻辑关系更明确,表达更细密,更有利于达到交际目的。 由于医学英语要求客观和精确，一些旨在加强语言感染力和宣传效果的修辞格不常见。但是，医学英语强调注重有效的语法和词汇修辞，如英语讲求结构平行对称。论文标题中并列的内容，应注意到语法结构上的对称，即名词与名词并列，动名词与动名词并列，不要混杂使用。例如：The Role of Arthroscopy in Diagnosing and the Treatment of Joint Diseases in Children（关节镜在儿童关节疾病诊治中的作用）宜改为：The Role of Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Joint Diseases in Children。修改后两个动名词并列，既简化了文字，符合修辞原则，而且还更为醒目。平行结构的使用可以增强修辞效果，不仅使主题更加突出，而且还富有美感，引起读者兴趣。请看下面两个例子：例1：“Clinical, physiological, and radiological study of a new purpose-designed artificial bowel sphincter”例2：“Socioeconomic status，standard of living，and neurotic disorder”例1中3个形容词平行排列加强了语音的节奏感，也明确了与中心词的修饰关系，既美观又醒目；例2中的3个并列名词短语排列有序、结构工整、逻辑关系明确，读者能很快抓住论文的中心。4 得体原则及修辞策略 一个修辞行为的有效性，还取决于它是否合乎语体的规范，是否符合言语交际环境的规定，是否符合社会交往的礼仪，是否符合文化的习俗，是否符合双方的审美倾向。［5］如用戏曲语体撰写科技论文是不得体的。科技论文的行文要符合科技文体的特点，保持文体的严肃性，是为得体。医学论文的英语题名写作与翻译要求标题与论文的内容协调一致，包括风格的一致，语言表达应符合英语习惯。因此，在医学论文标题英译时，要考虑其语法、修辞特点，尽可能体现出英语的固有风格，避免中式英语的弊病。下面介绍几种表达得体的主要修辞策略。 英文标题的写作可以不拘一格，但应突出主题，服从英语的表达习惯，避免使用中国式的英语表达形式。比如，汉语医学论文标题中常常出现“初探”、“探讨”、“经验”、“体会”等词以示谦逊，而在国外的医学刊物中使用带有“浅谈”“初探”这类句式的题名会被认为所论述的内容没有多大参考价值，缺乏严肃性。这是因为欧美人认为科技论文应立足于事实材料，不必谦虚客套。 汉语论文主标题与副标题之间一般用破折号，而英文的主标题与副标题之间通常用冒号表示。病例数在汉语中一般放在正标题中，在英语中大多放在副标题中，如：Post transfusion hepatitis: A report of 60 cases （输血后肝炎60例报告）。 由于受汉语语法的限制和语言习惯的影响，在中文标题中常含有“……的研究”和“……的观察”等词语，题名英译时应省略“Regarding …”、“Observation(s) of …”、“Investigation of …”、“Studies on …”、“Research(es) on …”、“Some thoughts on …”、“Introduction to …”等冗余套语，使之更简洁且符合英语的表达习惯。 名词化结构较多地使用抽象名词表达动作和状态，这也是英语表达和汉语表达上的主要差别之一。在汉语中用行为动词表达的意思在英语中多转换为名词。英汉语的用词顺序有很大的不同。在汉语中，定语置于中心词之前，而在英语中，“中心词+后置定语”的结构应用非常广泛。例如：葡萄糖在体外和体内对神经细胞瘤的疗效：Effect of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in Vivo；心脏病患者肌酐激酶同功酶的测定：Detection of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes Inheart Disease；严重脑外伤患者大断面骨折接骨时间选择：Timing of Osteosynthesis of Major Fracture in Patients with Severe Brain Injury。 总之，标题在论文中起着至关重要的作用。论文的标题应能准确地概括论文的内容，提纲挈领、点明主题、吸引读者、便于检索。要写好译好英文标题，作者不仅要有严谨的治学态度，还要掌握专业英语知识，熟悉医学英语文体的写作特点，熟记常用的句式结构及英语习惯表达方法，在正确理解论文主旨的基础上，力求重点突出，行文准确、规范、简洁、得体。
这个简单啊。你可以到PubMed中下载。输入关键词，然后检索即可。
英文发言稿书写格式
2）提出论题由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3）论证对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。
4）结论结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。
5）结尾结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解”，“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention。
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇一
I am glad that you can spend this precious time having this class in this afternoon.
Now please allow me to introduce myself to you .My name is Wangjia and I majored in traffic engineering .Baoji is my hometown it is very beautiful. and the people are very friendly.
As we all known thinking is easy acting is difficult and to put one's thoughts into actions is the most difficult thing in the world.
So if we want to learn English well ,we must practice reading English everyday ,actually practicing repeatedly is the best way to you speak ,don't care how poorly or how well you speak just care about catching the chance to speak ,enjoy losing face or just forget your face because the more you speak the better your English will become,never afraid of making mistakes because the more mistakes you make the more progress you will a man living in the world ,we must try our best to make each day our masterpiece and don't let our parents down ,don't ever let our country down ,most importantly don't let ourselves down.
Yesterday is a memory tomorrow is a dream so live for today just do it right believe if you can dream it you can make it ,if you do you will win if you don't you won' in yourself trust yourself try your best. don't give up ,never give in, never lose hope , never say impossible .The success is coming !
Thank you
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇二
listen carefully, see if there are new sounds you can recognize;
feel with your body and spirit, and see if you can sense the freshness in the air. Yes, yes, yes, it’s a new day, it’s a different day, and it’s a bright day! And most importantly, it’s a new beginning for your life, a beginning where you are going to make new decisions, take new actions, make new friends, and take your life to a totally unprecedented(空前的) level. In your mind’s eye, you can see clearly the things you want to have, the paces you intend to go, the relationships you desire to develop, and the positions you aspire(励志) to reach. You can hear your laughters of joy and happiness on the day when everything happens as you dream. You can see the smiles on the people around you when the magic moment strikes. You can feel your face is getting red, your heart is beating fast, and your blood is rushing all over your body, to every single corner of your being! You know all this is real as long as you are confident, passionate and committed!(效忠的) And you are confident, you are passionate, you are committed! You will no longer fear making new sounds, showing new facial expressions, using your body in new ways, approaching new people, and asking new questions. You will live every single day of your life with absolute passion, and you will show your passion through the words you speak and the actions you take. You will focus all your time and effort on the most important goals of your life. You will never succumb(屈服,屈从) to challenges of hardships. You will never waver(动摇) in your pursuit of excellence. After all, you are the best, and you deserve the best! As your coach and friend, I can assure you the door to all the best things in the world will open to you, but the key to that door is in your hand. You must do your part. You must faithfully follow the plans you make and take the actions you plan;
you must never quit and you must never fear. I know you must do it, you can do it, you will do it, and you will succeed! Now stand firm and tall, make a fist, get excited, and yell it out: I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed! I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed! I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed!
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇三
My topic is Honesty. As a correspondent of the Qingdao Morning News, I visited Dr. James Gilman, the President of the International Committee for Marco Polo Studies in England. In this picture, this is James, and this is me and we are looking at a dragon’s tooth. This is a true story. /chuzhong/chusan/ 65 years ago, James lived in Qingdao. Then he was only 5 years old.
He often visited the Aquarium and was fascinated by a creature on display there, which he thought was a dragon. He was afraid of its sharp teeth and wanted one to keep as a treasure. In the late 1930s, when the Japanese occupied Qingdao, his family had to leave. On his last day in Qingdao, he ran to the Aquarium and pulled out one of the teeth from the dragon’s mouth.
He kept the tooth for the next 65 years, but the feeling of guilt at having stolen it was there in the background all through his life. It was always on his conscience, and the feeling intensified as he became older. Finally he decided to put right his childish error. In 20xx, he visited Qingdao and returned it to the Aquarium with his sincere apologies. He received a warm welcome.
When James visited Qingdao, I accompanied him all the time and reported on his visit. I was deeply touched by his honesty. It has taught me a lot. I think to err is human. The important thing is to have the courage to admit and correct one’s error. Honesty is a vital quality of human behaviour. So we should try to keep an honest mind in everything we say and do. I would like to say to all of my friends: Let’s be honest people of good moral character.
Thank you.
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇四
thank you very much for choosing to e in such a cold night。today my topic is about choice and process。a research shows that a man has to make 73 choices one day。with so many choices one day， people easily get so confused and afraid of making wrong choice that they hesitate and finally miss the true part of life。 in my opinion， the following part is of much more importance than the choice。 there is no absolute right or wrong choice but wonderful or boring life， which the process makes the difference。 life is a box of chocolate，you never know what you will get。
forrest gump made no decision by and for himself but he acplished great success with his strong will in the process。 the process is not the road itself but the attitudes and feelings ，the caution， courage and persistance we have as we encounter new experience and unexpected obstacles。 take myself as an example， i changed my major when i became a postgraduate。 after the choice，days have been harsh for me。i cannot understand the new lessons at all。
for they are closely related to mathmatics which i learned nothing about before。 however wuth the belief that this is the great chance for me to experience new ideas and challenge myself，i persisted。
i asked for help from every channel and reorgonized my life。 gradually i could understand some parts and even found maths interesting。moreover，
i learned to act instead of plaining。 in retrospect，the choice left no trace in my mind but the happiness and bitterness of the past four months bees an unforgetable experience in my life。 no matter what the choice is， enjoy the process。 in the process， your potential will be inspired and new discoveries，improvement and progress will e to you。
these are the most beautiful sceneries and only on the way can you see it。these make your life colorful。
there is no need and i donnot want to judge whether it right or wrong for me to be here，but i congratulate to myself for i gain and enjoy this fantastic experience。 so my dear friends，never worry about your choice and enjoy the process。 i am sure you will get something new and intersting tonight after you chose to e here。 thank you!
英文发言稿书写格式范文篇五
Today, my speech is about talents,in my opionion, talents are indispensable in nowadays society. as is known to all that the fight among countries is actually the fight among talents.
First, i'd like to define the word"talent" in my idea, a talent is one person who is good at or expertised in some or multiple areas. nowadays, as the world developing goes on , if one country want to rank top or do a good job in the world, the country must have many example, china, the biggest developing country in the world, in the past 100 years, is always invaded by other countries, why ,the reason is that china at that time had not so many talents. if they had anti-intrusion leader talents in the war, needless to say,they would have beat those big they had talents in weapons manufacturing, nodody dares to provoke , nowadays, it's a totally different situation, china has become powerfulin all over the world, why ? because there are many talents serving the country, the civilians become more and more and more people go to university,more and more people come to receive further education. so what is that in return,talents in army protect our country from invasion, talents in commerce help make our economy keep in improving, talents in aerospace make the world see chinese manned spacecraft flying. talents in sports make china rank the first in the olympic games……
To sum up, talents will play a more and more impoetant role in the world, if one country intends to flourish, he must foster talents as many as they can ,that's all,thank you.
s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
这个简单啊。你可以到PubMed中下载。输入关键词，然后检索即可。
你可以去创新医学网上看看，而且还有翻译服务。