医学英语论文的基本格式内容：Title-论文题目Author(s)-作者姓名Affiliation(s)and address(es)-联系方式Abstract-摘要Keywords-关键词Body-正文Acknowledgement-致谢References-参考文献Appendix-附录，可空缺Resume-作者简介，视刊物而定Covering letter投稿信其中正文为论文的主体部分，包括以下五部分：Introduction-引言/概述Materials and Methods-材料和方法Results-结果Discussion-讨论Conclusion-结论/总结2
主题是什么，有哪些要求呢？建议你去资讯一下那些专业的机构。
s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
主题是什么，有哪些要求呢？建议你去资讯一下那些专业的机构。
s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
医学论文是医学科学研究工作的文字记录和书面总结，是医学科学研究工作的重要组成部分。医学论文报道医学领域领先的科研成果;是医学科学研究工作者辛勤劳动的结晶，是人类医学科学发展和进步的动力。尤其是SCI论文，能使成果向国际上展示，并有可能被人采用和传播，为人类造福，因此，更具有意义与价值，那么一篇好的英文SCI医学论文改怎么写呢?今天小编就为大家一步步分析。英文SCI医学论文应注意的几大环节：写前准备Preparation， 论文结构 Structure， 论文文题Title， 摘要Abstracts， 引言Introduction， 文章主体Body of Paper， 结论 Conclusion， 和致谢Acknowledgement。1、Preparation就是收集资料，找出灵感和方向，主要依靠的是期刊和文献journal in library。2、Structure是重点，文章的结构应该：选题要宽，研究方向要窄，然后最后的结论又发散开来。在文章主体前后都必须有声明(declarativestatement)，用最少的字句表达出自己的观点，吸引读者。3、Title必须清晰简短(clear，short)，以提升读者的阅读兴趣，然而文题中切记不能出现缩略语和自己的结论。4、Abstracts 是文章的一个缩影，一定要简明扼要(可为一段文字，篇幅<200字)，按照文章顺序介绍主要研究对象(subject)、实验设计 (design)、实验步骤(procedures)以及最后结果(results)，这种介绍必须让非专业的人员能够看懂。5、引言同样要保证简短，顺序是一般背景介绍、别人工作成果、自己的研究目的及工作简介，其中介绍别人工作时只需介绍和自己最相关的方面，而对自己的工作介绍不用说明细节，因为这个要放到文章正文中去。不要忘记在介绍自己工作之前要有一个声明。6、Body部分可以分为方法methods、讨论discussion和结果result三个部分：(1) Methods，详尽的介绍自己的实验方案以便于他人能够重复自己的实验过程，对于通用的实验方案可以简略，重点要放到自己的独创方案上面，按照实验的先后顺序介绍，为了文章的阅读方便，不要使用过多层次的副标题subheadings。(2)Discussion，这个部分是为了以后的study ，在其中提出自己的 problem 或者是hypothesis，和别人的成果进行比较，暗示自己的主要收获，为后面的conclusion做准备。(3)Result，使用text、table、figure等手段表达出来，其中table不要使用过多，而 figure必须保证图线清楚、注解明确，必要的时候还要对于自己的结论进行解释说明。7、Conclusion中不要包含文章未涉及的信息，保持简洁;如果此文章只是项目的一部分，稍做说明。在写完之后回头看看是否有逻辑上的错误，是否考虑到了读者兴趣等。8、Acknowledgement，不要忘记，这个不仅反应了一个人的个人品质，还一定程度体现了研究水平。
《英文写作课:如何读，如何写》百度网盘pdf最新全集下载:链接：
always before him with lighted candles.
SCI医学英文写作的格式和技巧，对于是否能不能论文发表成功起到很大的作用；因此，怎样写出高水平的SCI医学论文，是摆在每个医务工作者面前的一个重要课题。 要写好SCI医学英语论文，总体分两步走：充分准备和论文结构。 充分准备就是指收集资料，看文献,从中找出灵感和方向，需比较全面地阅读本领域文章,总结其观点，密切关注国际研究动态,有关领域学术动态,对领域外的东西或交叉学科也可以借鉴、从而产生新的观点，多参加座谈会,研讨会，和同行探讨,从中获得启示,找出切入点,完善自己的观点。 论文结构是重点，医学英语论文写作有着自己的一套规则和格式，在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特点，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。 整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的概念图：先把文章大框写好，从整体考虑文章结构，分类整理,随时记录出现的新想法，采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够做到大局不乱。 医学英语论文的基本格式包括 Title-论文题目Author(s)-作者姓名Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)-联系方式Abstract-摘要Keywords-关键词Body-正文Acknowledgement-致谢References-参考文献Appendix-附录，可空缺Resume-作者简介视刊物而定Coveringletter投稿信其中正文为论文的主体部分，包括以下五部分： Introduction-引言/概述，MaterialsandMethods-材料和方法，Results-结果，Discussion-讨论，Conclusion-结论/总结。医学英语论文写作格式分析，Title-论文题目应该恰当、光鲜、醒目，简明扼要地概括论文的基本思想，突出新的观点，有新见解,重点突出，一目了然，必须吸引读者。 由名词词组或名词短语构成，也可用陈述句。在必须使用动词的情况下，一般用分词或动名词形式,介词、冠词小写。 国际尺度化组织（ISO/215号文件)规定除各国通用的缩写词和特殊符号外，标题内不得使用缩写词和特殊符号,10-20个词。 Author(s)-作者姓名按照欧美国家的习惯，名字(firstname)在前，姓氏(surname/familyname/lastname)在后，逐一写出各自的姓名，以下几种写法都可以。 LuxinYang/YangLuxin/ZHANGhong-jun论文的署名是一个很重要的问题。署名一则是分享成果的荣誉，二则是一种责任。 实验的实施者和执笔者为第一作者。实验的设计者(指导者)等（如导师或科研团队的领队)可为通讯作者，列在排名的最后一位。 Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)-联系方式在作者姓名的下方还应注明作者的工作单位，邮政编码，电子邮件地址或联系电话等。 Abstract-摘要是对论文内容的简短陈述,为读者阅读、信息检索提供方便,不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，100～250个英文单词。 摘要主要有两大类 说明性摘要只向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么，不涉及具体的研究方法和结果。一般适用于综述性文章，也用于讨论、评论性文章，以介绍某学科近期发展动态的论文居多。 资料性摘要多用于专题研究论文和实验报告型论文，尽量完整和准确地体现原文的具体内容，强调指出研究的目的，材料，方法和结果、结论等四要素。 随着信息科学和电子出版物的发展，近年来又出现了一种新的摘要形式即结构性摘要。先用短语归纳要点，再用句子加以简明扼要的说明。 Keywords-关键词 关键词是论文主题的浓缩，3-8个关键词。读者从中可以判断论文的主题、研究方向、方法等。是为了满足文献标引或检索工作的需要，可从论文中选出的词或词组，以名词或名词短语居多，如果使用缩略词，则应为公认和普遍使用的缩略语。 Introduction引言 用简短的文字介绍写作背景和目的，主要内容包括：介绍相关研究的历史、现状、进展，目前研究的热点和存在的问题，说明自己对已有成果的看法，以往工作的不足之处，以及自己所做研究的创新性或重要价值，意义和前景。 要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性，这两点紧密结合，在符合逻辑性的基础上建立层层递进的关系。 在前言的结尾必须明确提出本文研究的范围：时间尺度,研究区域等，明确提出你所关心的某一特定区域。 引言的篇幅大小，两三百字左右为宜。 MaterialsandMethods材料与方法 这个部分如果是介绍实验为主，需要文字配合图表介绍实验流程，按实验步骤写出实验过程和方法，实验所用的材料和其特性、一些工艺条件也需简单或重点介绍。 还要叙述测量设备和测量方法，包括设备名称、型号、测试什么参数、测量量程或范围等。 方法部分可按实验对象、实验设备、实验材料、实验记录、实验分析方法等来组织行文。 实验对象一般是人、动物或一些组织等，他们的基本信息要描述明白。 实验设备，要对仪器型号、生产厂家、实验过程中的用途等作详细说明。 实验材料，不同学科有不同要求。对为什么要选择这种材料以及材料选择的必要性，最好有一定的说明。 实验过程，清楚描述实验的整个操作流程，一般要附以实验流程图进行说明。 Results结果有人把结果和讨论放在一起写，但是大多数论文都是分开的。这两种做法取决于文章的类型。 结果要求真实准确，不能伪造和篡改，不要故意隐瞒或遗漏某些重要结果，有迷惑或出现了什么问题都要说明。 结果部分一般要求提供表和图。文字，图，表相对独立，但避免重复。 建议大家在提供图时，尽量用最少的图提供最多的信息，最多不超过8个，图片格式的要求每个杂志各不相同。 Discussion讨论 讨论是最难写的部分，因为这里面最能够显示一个作者研究问题的深度和广度,突出本研究的创新及重要性。从深度和广度两个方面进行论述，深度就是论文对于提出问题的研究达到了什么样的程度，广度指是否能够从多个角度来分析解释实验结果。 要突出自己研究的创新性，实验的独特性，并体现出显着区别于他人的特点，区别无论大和小，有区别就是创新。其他研究中没有得到的，那么这个结果就是重点讨论的对象,探讨它有什么实际意义，参考价值和使用前景，从深度方面探讨。 其次要系统阐述为什么会有这样的结果，从广度的角度论述：从实验设计角度，从理论原理角度，从分析方法角度，或借鉴别人分析方法等。 Conclusion结论 对全文进行总结，对研究的主要发现和成果及其普遍性进行概括总结，有什么理论与实践上的意义，让读者对全文的重点有一个深刻的印象，行文要保持简洁。 在本部分也可提出当前研究的不足之处，本论文尚难以解决的问题,对研究的前景，后续工作和进一步研究进行展望,提出建议。 如果此文章只是某项目的一部分，稍做说明。 Acknowledgement-致谢 致谢主要分为两部分 ： 表明研究的基金来源，写基金时一般要标注清楚基金号码(GrantNumber)。 对参与人员(没有列在作者中的研究人员)和单位表示感谢，如果通过一审和最终接受发表，还要加上对editor和anonymousreviewers的感谢。 References-参考文献 不同杂志对参考文献格式要求不一样，参考文献和引用一定要规范，格式要统一，人名的拼写一定不能出现错误，一般要求必须引用阅读过的重要的、近年的文献。 参考文献的选择是一项极为严肃的事医学。它关系到论文的可信度和作者的声誉，文献发表的刊物、年代、卷号、标题、页码同样应核实无误。 参阅所投刊物的投稿须知中对参考文献的要求，注录格式，使论文的文献列举和标注方法与所投刊物相一致。 其余部分 Appendix-附录，可空缺。Resume/CV-作者简介，视刊物而定。Coveringletter附信，投稿信，也是必备。 结语论文被SCI收录，学术水平是基础，编排格式是条件，投稿途径是关键。 由于篇幅有限，文章的结构，逻辑关系就变得非常重要。就象其他任何出版物一样，被SCI收录的期刊也在不停地开发自己的市场，作为国际性的科学刊物，在欧美有很大的影响，这与历史、语言和经济发展程度等因素有关。随着中国和亚洲各国经济、科学的不断发展，一些刊物也希望开拓这一巨大的市场，这给中国科技人员带来了更好的机遇。可以预见中国科技研究的结果将会更多的出现在国际科学刊物上。 Editideas(辑思编译)--源自美国华盛顿的母语编辑品牌，上千名母语专家为您服务。 Editideas(辑思编译)为科研学者提供SCI/SSCI/EI论文润色、学术翻译、投稿预审、目标期刊选择和学术推广等科研服务。
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医学论文是医学科学研究工作的文字记录和书面总结，是医学科学研究工作的重要组成部分。医学论文报道医学领域领先的科研成果；是医学科学研究工作者辛勤劳动的结晶，是人类医学科学发展和进步的动力。从事医学科研究工作的同志，经常撰写医学论文，不仅可以扩大视野，掌握国内、外医学动态，而且能提高科研设计能力和研究能力，以及教学能力和业务水平。反过来，如果科研能力、业务水平及教学能力提高了，工作成绩显著，又能写出高质量的医学论文。论文一经发表，即被社会所承认，也是该项目取得科研成果的必要途径。由此可知，医学论文像一面镜子一样，反映出一个国家、一个省、一个地区、一个单位的医学科学水平和工作风貌，更能反映出人才的多少和水平的高低。因此，如何撰写出高质量的医学论文是广大医务工作者应该掌握的基本技能，也是取得学历、学位、晋升职称的必要条件。故怎样写作出高水平的医学论文，是摆在每个医务工作者面前的一个重要课题。为了提高大家的医学论文写作水平，本文重点介绍医学论文写作的五大要素。第一大要素：思想性医学论文是专业性、探索性很强的文章，它的基本任务是探索未知，具体讲就是提出问题、解决问题，即提出前人从未提出过的问题，解决前人没有解决的问题。然而，医学论文同样要体现党和国家有关卫生工作的方针、政策，贯彻理论与实践、普及与提高相结合的方针，反映我国医学科学工作的重大进展，促进国内、外医学界的学术交流。同时，在医学科学研究工作中，必须理论联系实际，运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点分析问题。要遵守国家法令，执行著作权法、保密和技术专利等有关规定。做到尊重科学，讲究道德，反对作假，反对剽窃。让医学技术工作面向经济建设，为国家经济建设服务。因为在一定程度上讲，“文如其人”；所以，医务工作者有了好的思想才会有好的主题，有了好的主题才会有好的结论，最后才会有好的论文发表。第二大要素：创新性科学贵在创新，只有不断创新，人类社会才会进步，医学科学也不例外。所谓“创”，是指医学论文所报道的主要科研成果是前人没有做过或没有发表的“发明”、“创造”，而不是重复别人的工作。所谓“新”，是指医学论文所提供的信息是鲜为人知的，非公知公用，非模仿抄袭的，即指医学的研究性课题，包括基础医学、临床医学和医学边缘学科等三个领域。此外，即所谓推广性课题研究：在此类研究当中，如果是模仿和重复他人课题或研究，应仿中有“创”、推陈出“新”。作者应在别人研究的基础上有自己的新见解，产生出一种新的理论或技术，只有在一定程度上创新，才会从新的角度反映出新的成就。如国家级重大科研课题的推广应用，以及老药新用，古方今用等项目，亦包括基础医学、临床医学和医学边缘学科等三个领域的推广应用性课题。第三大要素：科学性衡量医学论文水平的首要条件是论文的科学性。在评价医学论文时，主要看科研设计是否严密合理，方法是否正确，资料是否完整可靠，依据是否准确并符合统计学要求，结果是否科学严谨，结论是否妥当并有充分依据等等。医学论文写作的科学性，具体包括“三严”和“五个体现”两个方面。第一方面：撰写医学论文，必须贯彻“三严”精神。众所周知，按医学论文来源分类：（1）、分为原著（包括论著、著术及短篇报道）和编著（包括教科书、参考书、专著、文献、综述、讲座、专题笔谈、专题讨论等）两类；（2）、按论文写作目的分类为：学术论文和学位论文两类；（3）、按医学学科及课题性质分为：基础医学、临床医学、预防医学、康复医学等四类；（4）、按论文的研究内容分：实验研究论文、调查研究论文、实验研究论文、资料分析论文、经验体会论文五类；（5）、按论文的论述体裁分为：论著、文献、综述、述评、讲座、技术与方法、个案报告和医学科普论文等。所以，作者必须根据自己研究工作和研究资料的内容，选择相应体裁的论文表达形式。1、坚持严肃的态度：有一种观点认为“态度决定一切”。医学工作者只有思想端正，对待科学严肃认真，不夸大其词，不掺杂水份，才可能写出高质量的论文。2、坚持严谨的学风：如果没有严谨的学风，心浮气躁，沉入不到你所从事的研究当中去；或者被别的议论轻易改变自己的观点或实验过程，均难以得出正确的结果，更谈不上写出高水平的论文。3、坚持严密的方法：每一项实验或者临床观察，均应有严密的计划和步骤。在应用严密的操作和相关的程序当中，更不允许随意更改自己的科研设计和论证。所以，一篇好的医学论文诞生，既要有好的选题，好的设计，又要有具体的实施和认真的总结，作者必须把握好每一个环节，做到“严肃、严谨、严密”。有的人临时想写一篇论文，平时没有选题、没有设计、没有素材、更谈不上积累，怎么能临时写出论文呢？所以，医学论文来不得半点想当然、来不得半点虚假。第二方面：撰写医学论文必须具有“五个体现”1、体现真实性医学论文必须取材可靠，有原始资料和记录，实验结果务必忠于事实和主题，无夸大之处，更不能因实验数据与设计有出入而轻易改变程序和操作方法。当你做出的实验失败了，只要找出失败的真正原因，你同样可以总结出有价值的论文，同样可以发表。你的论文告诉后来的研究者，在此课题研究的某一个方面上道路不通；它的意义也就是为后来的研究者节约了大量的人力、物力以及宝贵的时间。2、体现再现性医学论文报道临床或实验观察所得出的结论，其所采用的实验对象、实验方法、实验器材和实验步骤，以及得出的结果，都必须经得起他人在任何时间、任何地点、相同条件下的重复，并能得出相同的结果。例如，我国有的医学论文虽然发表了，但别人重复不出你论文当中的结果，这样的医学论文没有任何价值。再如，我国医学工作者的医学论文寄到国外医学杂志发表时，其杂志社均有严格的审编过程，必要时有相应的机构再现你的论文结果，考察其可靠程度，然后再根据情况决定是否发表。3、体现准确性医学论文中，数据必须准确，必须反复探讨，特别是统计学处理。例如：有的论文作者演算数据错误，编辑也未严格把关，不知不觉中统计学出了差错，文章虽然发表了；但最后在评职称中，错误被评审的专家核查出来了，当事人未能晋升上职称还不知是什么原因，这样的教训值得引起大家注意和重视。另外，论文中的引文，必须是作者亲自阅读的文献资料，引用一定要准确，引文用词必须规范，术语必须准确；自己的论文推导出来的结论必须合乎逻辑，表达准确。因此，在你的论文完成之前，那怕是一个标点、一个字符、一个数据你都必须核对得准确无误。4、体现逻辑性我们写作医学论文，必须结构严谨，层次清楚，概念明确，判断恰当，推理合乎逻辑。不能概念不清，判断不当，更不能证据不足，论证不力，导致观点不明。目前，对医学论文的格式要求各家杂志社不尽相同；因此，作者在写作前，必须参阅你想投稿的医学期刊，每一种期刊都有它相应《投稿须知》或《稿约》。通常情况下，以中华系列杂志的《稿约》要求为标准，从文题、署名、摘要（目的、方法、结果、结论）主题词、正文、参考文献等多个方面把握全篇。5、体现公开性医学论文的作者要客观真实地评价自己和他人的研究成果，切忌片面性和说过头话。对临床实验结果要如实所映，不能任意取舍，不摒弃偶然现象。例如：某人做一项临床研究，对200例病人进行药物疗效观察，结果只有50例有效，有效率为25％；而作者若舍弃100例无效病例，只报道100例，仍保留50例有效，会导致有效率为50％的错误结果。此外，我们引用他人科研成果或文献资料时，必须亲自查阅，注明出处，以示对作者的尊重和公正。第四大要素：实用性医学论文发表后，对人类医学事业具有使用价值，是一种社会承认的劳动。发表论文最终目的就是给同行参阅，效仿使用，推动医学事业的向前发展。如读者用了你的论文中提供的方法，则必然有效，能取得良好的社会和经济效益。从现代需要的观点出发，医学论文有的能解决防病治病的实际问题，具有实用价值；有的着眼示来，能促进医学科学技术的发展，具有较高的理论价值和社会价值。如果一篇医学论文内容空洞，言之无物，不仅谈不上发表，更谈不上它存在的价值；即使这样的论文侥幸发表了，别人一看就知道没有水准，一看就知道是关系稿、凑数稿，更经不住时间和实践的检验，将对作者、编者、以及该医学期刊都是一个不少的负面影响。第五大要素：可读性撰写医学论文是为了交流、传播，存储新的医学信息，让他人用较少的时间和脑力就能顺利阅读，以解论文的内容和实质。这不仅要求论文结构严谨，层次清楚，用词准确；而且要求论文语言通顺，文风清新，可读性强。一般我们在阅读时，首先会参阅论文的摘要。摘要一般在300~500字之间，英文摘要则相对具体些（600个实词左右），内容包括目的、方法、结果、结论四个部分，它是全篇内容的高度浓缩和提炼；也是整个论文的精髓和灵魂。读者只有在参阅论文摘要，确定其价值后，才会更进一步去参阅详细的内容，再去进一步去应用，所以摘要与正文同样重要。如为论著虽标引2~5个主题词。正文语句结构多以主谓宾句为主，是一个有血有肉的实体；同时，必须让读者感受到文章的脉搏和灵气，体会到论文的思想和主题，有很强的可读性。正文中的医学名词，以1989年科学出版社出版的《医学名词》为标准。药物名称应使用1995年版药典（法定药物），英文药物名称则采用国际非专利药名，不用商品名。计量单位必须是1991年中华医学会编辑出版的《法定计量单位在医学上的应用》一书为蓝本。数字执行GB/T15835-1995《关于出版物上数字用法的规定》。统计学符号按GB3358-82《统计学名词及符号》的有关规定书写。文中缩略语尽量少用。参考文献，按BG7714-87《文后参考文献著录规则》，采用顺序编码制著录。综上所述，以上“五大要素”是我们撰写医学论文的基本要求，也是我们撰写医学论文的核心要素。总之，撰写医学论文时，我们必须客观地、真实地反映事物的本质，反映事物的内部规律，完成从感性认识到理性认识的过程，尽量反映我国医学科研工作的重大进展，促进国内外医学界学术交流。真正做一个发现医学真理、检验医学真理、实践医学真理、证实医学真理和发展医学真理的人。
学术论文写作步骤
一、材料准备
利用图书馆网站资源查阅有关的报刊目录索引、专题目录索引与年鉴等工具书以及制作文献目录卡片。卡片内容包含：
对于单行本，要包含出版单位，报纸包含发行的年月日。
二、确定文章结构
编写提纲的主要作用：
三、写作初稿
初稿的写作是论文形成过程中最艰苦阶段。初稿的目的是要把所有想写的内容全部表达出来，对全部数据和资料进行详细的分析、归类。从初稿的写作过程中还可及时发现前期文献研究工作有无不足或错误。
四、修改
修改是对论文初稿所写的内容不断加深认识，对论文表达形式不断优化，选择直至定稿的过程。 论文的修改不只是在语言修辞等枝节上自找毛病，对全文论点及论据进行再次锤炼和推敲也很重要。最后一步才是定稿。经过不断修改，确保论文达到一个基本满意的状态。
包括有：英语医学科技论文中分词、合成词作定语以及名词连缀的使用英语医学科技论文写作中的常见错误英文医学科技论文中数词的用法及数字的写法外文斜体的使用方法 希望能帮助到你，望采纳！
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s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
有没有大纲啊，有的话就好说！