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雾化治疗翻译英语医学论文

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雾化治疗翻译英语医学论文

this paper analyzes effective ways of respiratory passages treatment for asthma attacked patient so as to success rate of serious asthma attacked patients saving. It will analyze 69 cases of asthma attacked patients' emergency treatment and the respiratory system treatment. The paper finds out that clearing the respiratory passage, oxygen atomization, clearing phlegm by back slapping and reducing inflammation together with intubation machine clearing bronchial tubes are the key to success of saving serous ashtma attacked patients. The conclusion is that the good treatment of the respiratory passages will help improve the saving rate of the serious ashtma cases.

为了帮助大家学好 医学英语 ,下面我给大家带来医学 英语口语 表达大全,希望对大家有所帮助!

医学英语口语表达:胃肠

胃肠Stomach & Bowels

(1)当空腹时,他感觉胃里不舒服。

He has a certain disagreeable felling in the stomach when it is empty.

胃不调upset stomach

消化不良have bad(impaired:defective)digestion;suffer from indigestion(dyspepsia)

胃有毛病have a disordered stomach(stomach disorder);something is wrong with one's stomach.

因过食而伤胃injure one's stomach by overeating oneself

觉食物积滞胃中feel heavy on the stomach

食物不易消化lie(sit)heavy on one's stomach

自从那时起,消化便已失常。

Thereafter,the digestion was not really good.

曾有过一时性的恶心和呕吐,但并没有食欲不振或体重减少发生。

Transient nausea and vomiting was present,but no anorexia or weight loss occurred.

欲呕feel nauseated

有晨吐have morning sickness

夜吐(饭后恶心)nocturnal(postprandial)nausea

晕船(车)be sea-(car-)sick

有点恶心have(experience)some nausea

严重的作呕have considerable retching

里急后重时发生恶心和呕吐have a spell of N & V while straining at stool

患食欲不振和恶心be anorexic and nauseated

偶而恶心和呕吐develop occasional nausea and vomiting

老是溢酸,感觉腹胀burp all the time,feel bloated

吐出清净透明的胃容物with vomiting of clear gastric contents

呕吐停了,消失了vomiting stopped(ceased),cleared

止吐settle the stomach

打噎belch(eruct;eructate)

这病人恶心,曾呕吐了含有胆汁液体数次。

The patient developed nausea and vomited bile-stained fluid on several occasions.

当要呕吐时,他发觉有严重的腹上部痛和剧烈的头痛。

With the advent of vomiting,he noted severe epigastric pain as well as severe headache.

在第2天中午,她开始呕吐,随后呕吐胆汁质物。

At noon on the following day she stared vomiting food,which was followed by bile- stained material.

在病发时呕吐2次vomit twice at the onset

极度反胃regurgitate food violently

一小时后,他吐出不含血液的水质样东西。

One hour later,he vomited watery material containing no blood.

有时这病人在发作最厉害时,呕吐1、2次。

Sometimes the patient vomited once or twice at the height of the attack.

昨天早晨的呕吐物,被形容为含有未消化的食物和绿水,无血。

The vomitus of yesterday morning was described as containing indigested food and

greenish water with no evidence of blood.

最初的呕吐物是透明的,但据说住院治疗之前的呕吐物,带有褐色。

The vomitus was initially clear but just before hospitalization was said to brownish.

他开始有多次、带泡沫和臭味的大便。

He began to have frequent,frothy,foul-smelling stools.

解大便open(relax;evacuate)the bowel;have a passage

有便意have a call of nature

有1次(2次)大便have a motion(two motions)

没有大便be constipated

平均每天大便12次averaged 12 stools daily

发觉粪便中有很多血noticed gross blood in one's stools

开始一天解8次松的多脂粪便began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day

大便增加到一天4~5次stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily

更换尿布时有些粪便have some stool in each diaper change

大便次数减少了,但他仍然每天继续有2~3次大量的稀大便。

The stools became fewer in number but he still continued to have 2~3 large loose stools daily.

住院前2个月,她发觉黑色大便,但却把它忽略过去了。

Two months before admission she had noticed black stools but she disregarded them.

种类ordinary,dry,hard,loose(soft),large,watery(liquid),formed,formless,frothy,mucous,bloody,rice-water,pea-soup,tarry

臭味odorless,extremely foul,sour,putrid,less offensive in odor,offensive but no excessively foul

颜色black,tarry,brownish-black,brown,red,green,yellow,light-brown,grey- white(clay-colored)

大便的粗细和硬度正常,且从未呈黑色。

The stools were of normal caliber and consistency and have never been black.

大便颜色很淡,并且软如泥。

Stools were very light in color and of mushy consistence.

他诉说间歇性腹泻与便秘交替发生。

He complained of intermittent diarrhea alternating with constipation.

便秘suffer from constipation

惯性便秘habitual constipation

时常便秘be always constipated

有便秘倾向have a tendency to be constipated

只有灌肠才能缓和严重的便秘one's severe constipation was relieved only by enemas

便秘很难治,他以前常乞灵于泻药。

The constipation was very obstinate(stubborn)and he resorted to the frequent use of cathartics.

她的便秘逐渐严重起来,同时发觉到粪便直径变细。

She became progressively more constipated and noted a narrowing in the caliber of

the stools.

晨泻,水泻,粘液性腹泻,慢性腹泻diarrhea(morning,watery,mucous,dysenteric,chronic)

腹泻diarrhea(轻症mild,拖延的protracted,无法控制的uncontrolled,难医的intractable)

患腹泻suffer from diarrhea;have(an attack of)diarrhea;have loose bowels

短期的腹泻发生了a brief episode of diarrhea occurred

开始泻腹(自然消失,于两天后消失)diarrhea commenced(spontaneously disappeared,cleared after 2 days)

偶而泻肚子have occasional diarrhea

腹泻厉害,在3~7次之间diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 .

不得不服药be obliged to take physics

腹泻未因吃脱脂牛奶而转佳received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea

用泻药use a purgative

他患腹泻,每天有8~10次带有粘液,脓和鲜红色血的大便。

He developed diarrhea with the daily passage of 8~10 stools containing mucous,pus,and bright red blood.

Ex2:以前他患过同样的腹泻,但从来没有这么严重过。

He previously had similar attacks of diarrhea but they were never so severe.

医学英语口语表达:排尿

排尿Urination,生殖器Genitalia

(1)他诉说,在两侧鼠蹊部和睾丸有拉痛,且有夜尿,小便时有灼热感,间或放红色的尿。

He complained of a drawing pain in both groins and testicles,nocturia,burning on urination and the intermittent voiding of red-colored urine.

排便micturate;make(pass)water;void;piss

一夜有2次小便have nocturia twice nightly (a night)

这次住院时解出一个结石pass a stone on this admission

小便浑浊one's urine is thick(colored)

解出极浑浊,乳白色的尿the passage of highly turbid,milky urine

频尿frequent urination(micturition)

无法忍受的频尿intolerable frequency of urination

终末性血尿terminal hematuria

终末尿带有几滴血urine terminates with a few drops of blood

排尿痛micturition pain

解尿时左腰疼痛have pain in the left loin on micturition

小便流势良好void with a good stream

尿流细小small urinary stream

常解少量的尿pass small amounts of urine frequently

小便发生困难dysuria(inability to void)developed

小便时非常的痛piss pins and needles

变成失禁become incontinent

患便尿失禁develop urinary and fecal incontinence

把尿失禁完全治好obtain complete cure of incontinence

不能把尿尽行解出be unable to void without residual urine

小便时有强烈的烧灼感,当他工作时受到很大的困扰。

His voiding was accompanied by severe burning,and he was greatly inconvenienced at work.

他尿意频频,但每次仅出2、3滴。

He has a frequent desire to urinate,but only a few drops cone out each time.

(2)性欲减退,但仍能射精。

There was a decrease in libido but ejaculation was still present.

发觉性欲减退note decreased libido

发觉性欲渐减note gradual loss of libido

性欲有些减退have some decrease in libido

没有性欲have no libido

性冷感be frigid(unaffectionate)sexually

性欲正常libido is normal

性要求过高(太低)be oversexed(undersexed)

对于性交无热诚be unenthusiastic about intercourse

性感不快已有几个月了had dyspareunia for a few months

不起劲的性关系devitalized sexual relationship

25至35岁夫妻的正常次数normal frequency of intercourse for married couples of 25 to 35

未曾达到高潮never achieve(reach)climax

在结婚头一年时常不容易达到极致frequently have difficulty in reaching orgasm in one's marital coitus in the first year of marriage

未曾尝过情欲高潮的极致have not experienced orgasm

仅有过一次情欲高潮的极致have only had an orgasm once

享受每一动作greatly enjoy every act of sexual intercourse

节欲be continent

仍能射精,但阴茎勃起力却减退了。

Ejaculation was possible but penile erectile strength decreased.

后来月经停止了,而她对于「性」冷淡了起来。

Later,menstruation ceased and she became sexually aopathetic.

阴蒂边发痒、有刺激感itching and irritation around the clitoris

婚前的纵欲premarital sexual indulgence

婚前有过性关系engaged in premarital sexual relationship

接交过性病病人venereally exposed;venereal exposure

染淋疾,患梅毒contract gono.,get syphilis

否认与性病有染deny . contact

不能人道inability to perform sexual intercourse

交媾疼痛painful coitus(coition)

突然变成阳萎suddenly became impotent

一星期以前,他发觉在右鼠蹊部,发生无压痛的肿胀,时起时消。

He noticed a nontender swelling appearing on and off in his right groin one week ago.

这病人诉说阴茎和足底发痒,并且齿龈有不舒服感。

The patient complained of pruritus of the penis and itching in the soles of the feet,and an annoying sensation in the gingiva.

月经于13岁开始,一直到发生月经过多症以前,经期正常。

Menarche occurred at 13 years of age and the menstrual cycle remained within normal limits until the onset of menorrhagia.

月经开始(少量、中等、厚、多) (mild,moderate,frank,heavy)menses begin (start;commence;take place)

经期正常28~30日一次have normal period at 28-to 30-day intervals

月经规则,周期为28天,继续4天have regular period every 28 days that lasted 4 days

月经周期为28天have menstrual cycles of 28 days

月经开始不规则,并且长期无月经began to have menstrual irregularities with long period of amenorrhea

月经未曾失常have no previous menstrual aberrations

周期变成不定interval became variable

比平常多heavier than usual

发觉到月经持续不断并且过多noted persistent excessive menstrual flow

月经不来menses did not occur

停经已4年be 4 years postmenopausal

在46岁时停经passed(underwent;went through)the menopause at age 46

多量(块状,厚多)阴道出血加多,有几个月之久increasingly profuse (massive,frank)vaginal bleeding of several months duration.

月经过多,并且流出血块experience(develop)menorrhagia with passage of clots

有些轻微、无痛性阴道出血some slight painless vaginal bleeding

发觉经期外和性交后出血noted intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding

分泌少量厚汁物质drained a small amount of purulent material

间歇性的剧烈下腹痛intermittent,sharp,lower abdominal pains

她于13岁开始有正常的月经,周期为28~32天,有轻度的月经痛。

She began to menstruate regularly at 13 at intervals of 28~32 days with slight dysmenorrheal.

月经痛性而不规则,大约一个月发生2次。

The menstrual periods were painful and irregular,occurring approximately twice monthly.

医学英语口语表达:护理英语80句

.Receiving the patient(接待病人)

do you do?/ Good morning!您好!(初次见面时使用)/早上好!

can I do for you?/Can I help you?您需要我帮助吗?

'll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed……

我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位.

toilet is over there.卫生间在那边

supply hot water.我们供应热水

wait a moment. I'll let your doctor know. /I'll inform your doctor.请等一会儿,我去通知医生.

is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生

let us know if you need any help.您需要帮助时,请告诉我们.

is not allowed here.这里不允许吸烟

二.information collection(收集信息)

you mind if I ask you a few questions?您介意我问您几个问题吗?

need some information from you.我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息.

your tummy still sore?您的肚子还疼吗?

your pain come on after or before meals?您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作?

it hurt to pass urine?/when I press here?排尿时痛吗?/当我按压这儿时痛吗?

your back ache?您的后背痛吗?

your feet swell?您的脚肿了吗?

you have a cough/fever?您咳嗽吗?/您有发热吗?

you bring up any sputum?您咳痰吗?

there any radiation of the pain ?(to the shoulder)有放射(到肩部的)痛吗?

long have you had the pain?您的痛有多长时间了?

did the pain start?/where is your pain?疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛?

your periods regular?您的月经规则吗?

三.Physical examination(查体)

you please undress for medical examination?请您脱下衣服做体检好吗?

off your clothes, please.请把衣服脱下来

down on the couch, please./Just lie still on the couch and relax.请躺在治疗床上./请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松.

your knees, please.请屈膝.

your mouth and say 'ah“张开口,说:啊

deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸

I examine your tummy, please?我要检查下您的肚子,好吗?

up your sleeves, please.请卷起袖子.

四.communication.(交流)

am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下.

me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏.

'll test/take your blood pressure.我要测量您的血压.

34. I'm afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定,需要刺一下手指.

'll take some blood from your arm now.现在我要从您的胳膊抽血.

't take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning .半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西,明天早上抽血.

bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿.

have your blood and urine tests done.请做一下您的血和尿试验.

are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.

are going to have a chest X-ray this morning.今天早上您要拍一个胸片.

are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.

are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. please don't eat or drink

anything after 12 o'clock tonight.明天上午您要做胃镜检查,今晚12点之后,请不要吃喝任何东西。

are going to have urine catheterization now.现在您需要导尿.

'm going to do an ECG for you.我要给您做心电图.

'm going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression.我要放胃管到您的胃内,这是胃肠减压.

We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.我们通过胃管给您必要的营养.当我放管时,请做吞咽动作.

'm going to make your bed./ we'll change the bed linen at once.我要给您整理床铺/我们马上给您换床单.

'll apply a cold(hot)compress to your ankle.我要给您的踝部冷/热敷

operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now.

Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation?明天将做手术/现在马上做急诊手术.同意手术请您签字好吗?

'm going to shave your skin. / I'm going to do skin preparation for you.我要给您做备皮/我要给您做皮肤准备。

're going to have a local/general/epidural anaesthesia.要给您做局麻/全身麻醉/硬膜外麻醉.

you allergic to any medication?/ penicillin?您对什么药物/青霉素过敏吗?

52. I'm going to do a skin test of pennicillin for you./ If you feel itchy or short of breath, please let me know at once. I'll see the result in fifteen minutes. /I'm going to do a tetanus hypersensitive test for you.我要给您做青霉素皮试.如果您感到痒或气短,请立刻告诉我./我十五分钟后看结果./我要给您做破伤风皮试.

'm going to give you an intramuscular injection./intravenous infusion/hypodermic injection.我要给您做肌肉/静脉/皮内注射

'm going to give you an enema to help you pass motion.我要给您灌肠,帮助您排便

doctor will change your dressing. /The doctor will remove your stitches.医生要给您换药/医生要给您拆线.

'm going to give you oxygen now.我要给您吸氧

'm going to give you nebulization.我要给您(雾化)吸入.

58. I'm going to do bladder irrigation for you.我要给您做膀胱冲洗

have to rest in bed for at least one week您至少要卧床休息一周.

are you today? How was your sleep last night? How is your appetite?您今天怎么样?您昨晚睡得怎么样?您的食欲怎么样?

you pass motion yesterday?/Are your bowel movements normal?昨天您排便了吗?/您的大便正常吗?

color of your urine?您的尿液什么颜色?

much urine do you pass each time?您每次排尿多少?

will have skin/cervical traction.要给您做皮肤/颈部牵引

65. Take more exercises./Do some light work, have a happy outlook, avoid excitement and too much worry. Be careful not to stumble.

多做锻炼/做一些轻体力活动,保持良好的心态,避免兴奋和过度忧虑,小心不要摔倒

are going to have a blood transfusion.要给您输血

results are normal.结果正常

are suffering from ~/Your disease was diagnosed as ~您的病诊断为~

have to stop smoking and alcohol.您必须戒烟、戒酒

五.about medication and nutrition(关于药物和营养)

two tablets three times a day after/before food.饭前/饭后服,每日三次,每次两粒.

the medicine with a lot of water.服用此药,要多饮水.

'll give you an injection twice a day.我要给您注射,每日两次.

medicine is used for preventing infection/treating infection/relieving your pain/protecting your stomach/supplying nutrients/ bringing down your temperature/ intracranial pressure/stopping bleeding/

这种药是为了预防感染/治疗感染/减轻疼痛/保护您的胃/提供营养/降低体温/降低颅内压/停止出血

should have a low fat/ low salt/ light diet/high caloric diet/high protein/soft diet/liquid food.

您的进食应该是低脂/低盐/轻淡/高热量/高蛋白/软食/流食的食物

take some more nourishing food.请食营养多的食物.

六.comforting(安慰)

mind/It doesn't matter没关系

't worry不要担心

't be nervous. You are in good hands.不要紧张,操作者是高手

will recover soon.您很快就会康复的

come back to see the doctor for check-up in two weeks.请两周后来看医生复查

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Pick to: to explore the effective method to patients with severe asthma respiratory tract management, improve the rescue success rate of severe asthma. Methods a retrospective analysis of 69 cases of severe emergency treatment in patients with asthma and respiratory tract management methods and treatment measures. Short-term result timely smooth respiratory tract, high-frequency jet drug repeatedly oxygen atomization, effective back row of phlegm, anti-inflammatory and other comprehensive treatment and adequate rehydration during tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation support sputum suction downlink fiber bronchoscope lavage, is the key to improve the rescue success rate of severe asthma. Conclusion fully do the airway management of patients with severe asthma, can improve the rescue success rate of severe asthma.根据自己的水平来解答你的疑问的,望你能采纳!

我们先来看一下每个字母的意思:R:Rebuildable — 重建,是绕丝的意思。

RB:Rebuildable —重建,是绕丝的意思。

D:  Dripping —滴油。

T:  Tank —储油仓。

A:  Atomizer — 雾化器。所以接下就简单了,如下所示:RDA: 可绕丝的滴油雾化器,也就是滴油雾化器。

RTA: 带储油仓的可绕丝雾化器。

RDTA:带储油仓的可绕丝滴油雾化器。

医学论文英语翻译

我当时没办法解决,英文不好,找的清北医学翻译。医学翻译的第一。非常好。

同医学专业,室友分享给我的一个翻译网站,感觉还可,网站名字叫翻译狗,平时刷文献就靠他了,以前看一篇文献,光是翻译就要花上好久,等翻完了,完全没动力去看文献内容,现在,分分钟就能翻译好

现在都在使用金山词霸了,里面的单词超过20W,很实用的,感觉比有道词典好用多了。

对于不少医学工作者来说,发表医学论文其中一个难题就是翻译。由于英文水平的不足,医学工作者在翻译过程中常常遇到困境。今天我们就来谈谈医学论文翻译技巧,希望对各位同学有所启发。 一、时态问题 1、表达目的所用的时态 在医学论文中,“目的”通常指进行某项研究的原因、意图,即表明研究的目标。由于研究目标的制定通常在着手开始研究之前,故可使用过去时态;但是,在论文写作中,也通常使用一般现在时来表达目的,以表达研究目的是合理的、可重复等意义。 2、表达方法和结果所用的时态 在研究性论文中,在描述所使用的实验方法、技术时通常使用过去时,以表达相关的实验方法步骤发生在过去;对结果的报道也使用过去时,以表示已经得出了结果。 3、表达结论所用的时态 医学论文的结论部分为作者表达观点、意见,以及对研究进行总结的地方,常用时态为一般现在时,以表示研究结果的客观性,如果用一般过去时,则表示这一结论仅仅适用于该研究过程中特定的情况,不具有普遍性。 二、词首字母大小写问题 关于地名和地理学术语如何正确大写的问题。因为中文不牵涉大写问题,所以中文母语的作者可能会有点迷惑。其实大写问题对于英语母语的作者而言也不太容易理顺。 三、标点符号问题 由于语言习惯影响,不少医学工作者会错误的使用英文标点符号,导致医学论文出现语言问题。下面我们列举几个英文标点符号常见的错误。 1.顿号使用错误 由于英文中没有顿号,但有些作者由于习惯影响,会在句子中使用顿号,如错误例子:The five concentrations of nitrogen in our study were 1、5、10、50、100 mg/L,respectively. 该句作者使用顿号隔开数字,应改为逗号,在英文学术论文写作中,无论是多个并行的数字、单词和短语都是用逗号来分隔。 2.书名号使用错误 对于书名、刊物名、影片、文章名在中文表达中使用书名号无可厚非,但用英文标点符号时可就注意了,如错误例子: In the book 《Pipeline Risk Management Manual》, the authorMuhlbauer W Kenr (.) grouped pipeline risk into 4 classes. 该作者错误的将句子中的书名使用了中文的标点符号,由于英文标点符号没有书名号,所以通常使用斜体字来表示,有时也可用引号、全部大写或在书刊名下划线来表示。 3.方括号和圆括号使用错误 方括号与圆括号并用时,容易产生错误,首先举一个错误的例子:[That was the colour (blue) she preferred] ,事实上在方括号和圆括号并用时,英文句子的使用方式与中文恰恰相反,即圆括号在内外,方括号在内,因此上句应改为: ( That was the colour [blue] she preferred. )

医学论文翻译英语

艾德思可以做这个。

这个简单啊。你可以到PubMed中下载。输入关键词,然后检索即可。

同医学专业,室友分享给我的一个翻译网站,感觉还可,网站名字叫翻译狗,平时刷文献就靠他了,以前看一篇文献,光是翻译就要花上好久,等翻完了,完全没动力去看文献内容,现在,分分钟就能翻译好

你可以去创新医学网上看看,而且还有翻译服务。

英语医学论文翻译

sci医学论文翻译<意得辑>学术翻译润色双重保障.sci医学论文翻译意得辑学术翻译公司,中英翻译+英文润色双重保障.5轮翻译润色流程,sci医学论文翻译作者与译者无限次沟通,直到译文达到您的要求.

心脏压迫食管。这颜色的等值线是人力资源管理的记录,来自于患者吞咽困难和充血性心力衰竭。有正常的运动机能的事务,苹果,和食管。大约36一个45厘米之间有一个从时鼻孔区压力升goal休息心率变化的节奏,表明它是心脏的起源。意味着单一传感器或一组可能会失败。因此,一个通道,或一系列的邻近信道不得生产各种器物传感器失效。在显示导管模式需要维修或更换。

靠谱的就是用着还行的,这都是个人感受,我觉得清北医学翻译不错。

同医学专业,室友分享给我的一个翻译网站,感觉还可,网站名字叫翻译狗,平时刷文献就靠他了,以前看一篇文献,光是翻译就要花上好久,等翻完了,完全没动力去看文献内容,现在,分分钟就能翻译好

药学论文汉语英语翻译

The acute cerebral hemorrhage, belongs to cerebrovascular diseases, is mainly featured by subsequent repeated headache, vomit, increased blood pressure and consciousness obstacles accompanied by hemiplegia. I've chiefly tried acupuncture adjunanted by Chinese traditional medicine since the outbreak of the acute cerebral hemorrhage till patients'recovering from illness and taking care of themselves and thorough dissipation of encephalon haematoma.

人工翻译,请放心采纳整体来说,药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配,生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄,以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂,药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是,对于医生和医学学生,药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣,或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。

无论哪个翻译软件翻出来的都是比较生硬的,一眼就能看出来。如果非要用软件翻的话,谷歌在线翻译相对来说好一些,不过还是推荐人工来翻译,北京译顶科技那边都是人工给你翻译的

Surfactants may affect drug dissolution in an unpredictable fashion. Low concentrations of surfactants lower the surface tension and increase the rate of drug dissolution, whereas higher concentrations of surfactants tend to form micelles with the drug and thus decrease the dissolution rate.表面活性剂可以影响药物溶出是一种不可预测的方式,低浓度的表面活性剂降低表面张力和提高溶出率,然而高浓度的表面活性剂趋于与药物形成胶团,因此降低药物溶出速率。Introduction of Nucleic acidsNucleic acids are polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide. The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA is found primarily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is present in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine. Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the parent compound pyrimidine. 介绍核酸核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。这些聚合物组成,亚基或核苷酸,使整个通常称为多核苷酸序列。核酸有两种,主要品种核糖核酸(RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的。 DNA是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质,而90%的RNA在细胞质现在和10%的核仁。核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。一般两个种基地发现,在所有核酸。一类是母体化合物嘌呤的衍生物。原理是鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的例子。在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嘧啶。

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