桩基础测试与检测论文

桩基础 has the widespread application domain, is the high-rise construction, the large-scale bridge, the deep water wharf as well as the marine petroleum platform and so on use main foundation form. In recent years, 桩基 the project quality question influence construction structure normal use and the safe instance were very many. The pile construction has the high hiding as well as the pile construction quality has very many not definite factor, looked from 基桩 the quality examination angle, the improvement examination method and the method, improve the examination work quality and the examination evaluates the result the reliability, to guarantees 基桩 the project quality and safely has the vital significance, also is 桩基 one of domain research hot low strain reflection method main function examines the pile body structure integrity, like the pile body flaw position judgement, 施工桩 long proofreading and the concrete intensity rank qualitative estimate and so on, the use obtains the reflected wave curve signal accurately to delimit breaks the pile body quality, removes the project hidden danger, to 基桩 the quality carries on the appraisal. This article has conducted the research to the Kelvin non-linearity elastic material 料桩 body integrity examination low strain reflected wave new method. Establishes the Kelvin non- line elastic material 料桩 question the unidimensional undulation new model; Produced has controlled the body the dynamic equation, the use unidimensional non-linear elasticity this construction relations infers the pile axial force and the axial strain relations, proposed the unidimensional non-linear elastic undulation question new algorithm; Uses the FORTRAN language coding, the value simulation 基桩 桩顶 speed (or displacement, acceleration) responds the time interval curve profile; Finally 基桩 builds each kind of profile storehouse to the complete existence question, will use in 基桩 the complete examination service for later. As well as low strain reflection method; The pile body integrity examines 2 words

桩基础在施工常见问题及处理方法论文

摘 要：正如我们所知道的， 桩基础是地基处理常用的方法之一，其中钻孔灌注桩就是桩基础施工的常用的施工方法，本文以此种方法来分析桩基础在施工过程中常见的问题及提出相应的解决对策。

关键词：桩基础；钻孔灌注桩；质量问题；处理措施

钻孔灌注桩基础是一种可以适应多种地质条件的基础地基建设的形式，在各领域的工程建设中都得到了广泛的应用。所以我们应给予其施工过程高度的重视，掌握施工过程中易出现的问题，并能予以高效率的解决。

1.桩基础施工过程中常见质量问题

桩基础施工过程中常常遇到的问题即是钻孔问题、混凝土灌注施工问题，下面本人将对这两方面进行一系列的分析。

钻孔施工问题

在钻孔施工的过程中，孔口的坍陷将会使钻孔质量无法得到保证，这是因为孔口的坍陷会导致护筒底部的土质变得松散、背后回填土不够结实，有时还会使护筒周围土质受雨水长时间浸泡等因素造成护筒失稳或脱落，这种问题会使护筒移位；有时因为钻机操作人员实施的操作不规范、穿过岩层时发生突变、钻机突然发生、机械故障等原因均有可能导致钻机发生卡钻问题；在钻孔施工时，如果塑性土发生膨胀，将会使成孔后的孔径产生弯曲、孔径局部变小，这将引起钻孔施工不能正常进行；在新疆这类松软土层中，如果进尺的速度较快、吊装钢筋笼碰撞孔壁或是未按照施工工艺的要求制备符合标准的泥浆等因素均会造成坍孔问题的发生，从而引起钻孔施工问题；在钻孔是，如果钻机的钢丝绳发生断裂、钻机出现机械故障或者钻孔发生坍塌，会使钻头掉落到孔底而无法进行正常的作业。

水下混凝土灌问题

这类施工问题主要是由封底失败、卡管、钢筋笼上浮等原因造成的。产生封底失败的主要原因是孔底沉渣厚度超过所规定的标准范围，从而引起了混凝土在灌注后没有实现水下混凝土封底，从而引起施工问题；因为混凝土具有和易性差、灌注混凝土时冲击力不足的特点，此外混凝土中还含有很多大块骨料或受潮凝固的水泥块，这就引发了卡管问题，无法正常的进行浇筑混凝土的操作；由于钢筋笼制作、堆放、吊装、运输等过程不符合施工的规范要求，钢筋骨架内径与导管外壁间距没有符合规定的尺码，导管在提升过程中挂带了钢筋笼，或是由于混凝土浇筑速度过快，混凝土面升至钢筋笼底部产生向上“浮力”导致钢筋笼上浮；由于混凝土的配合比不当、原材料也未能符合规定或灌注混凝土过程中局部坍塌的杂物土质等侵入混凝土及混凝土和易性差等因素，都会直接或间接的发生断桩的施工问题。

2.针对于施工过程中常见的问题的处理措施

钻孔施工所发生的问题的应对处理措施

首先，护筒埋入在土层中的深度一定要大于水头高度，而且必须穿过松散土层、淤泥层，此外，护筒四周的回填土必须夯填密实；再者，假如发生卡钻的施工问题是，我们不要直接强行拔出，应该晃动大绳以便钻头松动后提起或者插入高压水管置换泥浆，也就是先下放钻头而后迅速上提使岩层突变物受强力冲击而破碎或回缩，从而提起钻头，切忌不能蛮拉；在施工时，应用的是加大泥浆密度、加高水头、埋深护筒等方法进行操作，在坍孔问题严重时，我们必须回填重新钻孔，以免加大了施工问题；如果采用冲击法进行钻孔，可利用投黏土块夹小片石，用低锤冲击将其挤入孔壁来制止坍孔，而当钢筋笼吊装造成坍孔时立即将钢筋笼吊出，添加泥浆护壁将坍陷物清理干净，确认不再坍塌后重新安装钢筋笼。

水下混凝土灌所发生问题的应对处理措施

首先，我们要利用导管内安装高压风管的方法重新清孔，将已灌注混凝土彻底的清理干净，然后再重新开始水下混凝土浇筑，也可以先拆除导管，拔出钢筋笼，将未灌注混凝土部分回填，稍后用钻机钻头清除已灌注混凝土，然后再重新开始浇筑水下混凝土；在施工时，先慢慢的提升导管，而后快速下落导管，这样可加大混凝土灌注量而后快速提升再快速下落以冲击导管，便于导管的疏通，还可以适当的加长上部导管的长度，然后以一次性较大量混凝土来冲击混凝土达到疏通的目的；最后，我们应该关注混凝土浇注过快引起的钢筋笼上浮问题，面对这类施工问题，我们应立即控制混凝土的浇筑量和浇灌速度，并且反复上下摇动导管，采用这种方法，钢筋笼上浮现象还是得不到根治，就必须立即中止浇灌混凝土，拔出导管侯向孔内回填黏土，该桩作废处理，并及时与监理人员、设计人员联系重新补桩。

3.桩基础施工过程中的注意事项

钻孔过程中的注意事项

在钻孔前，应先对桩位反复进行测量，测量的同时要在护筒上用交叉十字线的'方法涂抹红漆，这样将方便于钻孔过程及成孔后桩位的技术施工核实。在钻孔过程中，我们必须详细准确地记录地层地质的变化情况。要做到详细、准确、认真地记录钻孔记录，技术人员积极了解地质变化情况并及时向上级反映相关情况起着相当关键的作用，尤其是能够为工程变更提供合理的依据和真实数据。为了准确地了解和掌握地质变化情况，最好的办法是对钻渣及时进行取样并留取渣样。

加强成孔检测

首先，施工人员应仔细查看详细真实的钻孔记录，切实准确得掌握不稳定的地层，依照不同的地形制定切实合理的灌注方案。第二，要详细记录各项检测数据，尤其是孔深的记录，这样做的主要目的在于计算泥浆沉淀速度和深度，便于做出合理的判断和采取合理的灌注办法。最后，我们应该认真做好灌前准备工作，根据土层的不同质地，应做好导管的打压试验，以确保导管的密水性符合要求。

4.结语

众所周知，钻孔桩基础是地基处理的主要方式之一，那么它施工的好坏将决定工程施工的好坏，所以我们应予以高度的重视，了解在施工的环节中可能出现哪些问题，提前做好准备，以预防为主，规范施工工序流程，做好质量控制，对可能出现的质量问题制定切实有效的防范措施，减少质量问题，杜绝质量事故的发生。

参考文献：

[1] 中国建筑科学研究院． JGJ94—2008 建筑桩基技术规范［S］． 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008．

低应变反射波法Low Strain Reflection Wave Method桩身完整性检测Inspection of pile integrity桩基础|pile foundation高层建筑 High-rise buildings(分类词汇：环境资源相关 )大型桥梁super-large bridges 深水码头Deep Water Wharf海上石油平台Offshore oil platform建筑结构building structure施工construction非线性弹性材料nonlinear elastic materials桩基工程质量问题这篇虽然是科技论文，但是我觉得他翻译成“pile foundation quality question”很不妥当，我将他修改成problems of pile foundation quality,，从汉语语法之角度考虑，这里的问题两个字是多余的，去掉更好，你自己看看吧！不确定性因素Incertitude Factors基桩Foundation Pile隐蔽性(Impercephbility)axial strain轴向应变研究热点research hotspot(也有用point的)桩身缺陷位置 positions of pile defects定性估计 qualitative estimation混凝土强度等级concrete strength gradethe signal of reflected_wave curve反射波曲线信号工程隐患Project Concealed Harzard一维波动模型one-way fluctuant model控制体(control volume),本构关系 constitutive relationFORTRAN语言编制程序program written in FORTRAN language响应时程曲线波形时程曲线response time history curvePile foundation is widely used as the main basic structure of high-rise buildings，super-large bridges，deep water wharf and Offshore oil platform. During recent years，there are many bases of pile foundation quality affecting the normal working and safety of the building structures. Pile construction has high impercephbility and whose quality presents many incertitude factors，from an angel of qualitative inspection of the foundation piles, it has important significance for ensuring the quality and safety of foundation pile projects to modify the inspection methods and improving the inspection quality and the reliability of inspection & assessment results，it is also one of the research hotspots in foundation pile field. The main functions of low strain reflection wave method is to inspect the pile integrity, such as the judgment of pile defects positions, the checkout of pile lengths, and the qualitative estimation of the concrete strength grade，the judgment of the pile quality using the signal of reflected_wave curve accurately, the elimination of the project concealed harzard，and the estimation of foundation pile quality. This paper studied on the low strain reflection wave method for measuring of pile integrity made of Kelvin nonlinear elastic materials, set up a new one-way fluctuant model to treat the problems of piles made of Kelvin nonlinear elastic materials, gave out a dynamics equation of control volume，and induced the relation between pile axial forces and axial strain using the constitutive relation of one-way nonlinear elastic materials, put forward a new calculation method for the fluctuation of one-way nonlinear elastic materials, simulated the pile-top speed response time history curve (or displacement, acceleration) numerically using program written in FORTRAN language, finally the author set up a curve database of the foundation piles existing integrity problem for the integrity inspection of foundation piles in the future.

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