wuli小拧
据学术堂了解,英国论文结论是论文中篇幅很小的一个部分,在论文中通常起到两个作用:首先总结和归纳文章的主要研究内容,这也是所谓的“回顾”,第二个则是给最后结论或是评价判断。最后的结论中可能还包括提出对研究的建设性意见和对对未来的研究发展方向探讨。在学位论文和研究论文中,结论往往更复杂,还包括部分研究结果的意义和对未来工作的建议。以下我们罗列出了涉及描写结论的常用句型:1、Restatement of aimsThis study set out to …This paper has argued that …This essay has discussed the reasons for …In this investigation, the aim was to assess …The aim of the present research was to examine …The purpose of the current study was to determine …The main goal of the current study was to determine …This project was undertaken to design … and evaluate …The present study was designed to determine the effect of …The second aim of this study was to investigate the effects of …2、Summarising research findingsThis study has identified …This study has shown that …The research has also shown that …The second major finding was that …These experiments confirmed that …X made no significant difference to …This study has found that generally …The investigation of X has shown that …The results of this investigation show that …X, Y and Z emerged as reliable predictors of …Multiple regression analysis revealed that the …The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that …The relevance of X is clearly supported by the current of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that …3、Suggesting implications for the field of knowledgeIn general, therefore, it seems that …The results of this study indicate that …These findings suggest that in general …The findings of this study suggest that …Taken together, these results suggest that …An implication of this is the possibility that …The evidence from this study suggests that …Overall, this study strengthens the idea that …The current data highlight the importance of …The findings of this research provide insights for …The results of this research support the idea that …These data suggest that X can be achieved through …The theoretical implications of these findings are principal theoretical implication of this study is that …This study has raised important questions about the nature of …The following conclusions can be drawn from the present study …Taken together, these findings suggest a role for X in promoting findings of this investigation complement those of earlier findings have significant implications for the understanding of how …Although this study focuses on X, the findings may well have a bearing on …4、Significance of the findings or contribution of the studyThis research extends our knowledge of …This research will serve as a base for future studies and …This research provides a framework for the exploration of …This research has several practical applications. Firstly, it points to …These findings enhance our understanding of …The findings of this thesis could be used to help …The current findings add to a growing body of literature on …Taken together, these findings suggest a role for X in promoting findings of this investigation complement those of earlier key strength of the present study was the …The present study makes several noteworthy contributions to …The present study should prove to be particularly valuable to …The present study provides additional evidence with respect to …The present study confirms previous findings and contributes additional evidence that suggests …The key strengths of this study are its long duration and …The empirical findings in this study provide a new understanding of …The study has gone some way towards enhancing our understanding of …The study has confirmed the findings of Smith et al. (2001) which found that …The findings from this study make several contributions to the current literature. First,…This is the first study to investigate the effect of …This is the first time that X has been used to explore …This study has demonstrated, for the first time, that …This is the first study reporting an advantage in those who …This is the largest study so far documenting a delayed onset of …The contribution of this study has been to confirm …This work contributes to existing knowledge X by providing …The analysis of X undertaken here, has extended our knowledge of …The methods used for this X may be applied to other Xs elsewhere in the X that we have identified therefore assists in our understanding of the role of …5、Significance of the findings with a qualificationNotwithstanding these limitations, the study suggests that …Whilst this study did not confirm X, it did partially substantiate …Despite its exploratory nature, this study offers some insight into …Notwithstanding the relatively limited sample, this work offers valuable insights into …Although the current study is based on a small sample of participants, the findings suggest …6、Limitations of the current studyA limitation of this study is that …Being limited to X, this study lacks …The small sample size did not allow …The major limitation of this study is the …This study was limited by the absence of …X makes these findings less generalisable to …Thirdly, the study did not evaluate the use of …It is unfortunate that the study did not include …The scope of this study was limited in terms of …The study is limited by the lack of information on …The most important limitation lies in the fact that …The main weakness of this study was the paucity of …Since the study was limited to X, it was not possible to ..An additional uncontrolled factor is the possibility that …It was not possible to assess X; therefore, it is unknown if …An issue that was not addressed in this study was whether…The generalisability of these results is subject to certain limitations. For instance, …One source of weakness in this study which could have affected the measurements of X was …7、Recommendations for further research workMore research using controlled trials is needed to …What is now needed is a cross-national study involving …More broadly, research is also needed to determine …More research is required to determine the efficacy of …More research is needed to better understand when implementation ends and …This research has thrown up many questions in need of further would be interesting to assess the effects of …It would be interesting to compare experiences of individuals within the same … .It is recommended that further research be undertaken in the following areas:It is suggested that the association of these factors is investigated in future further study could assess the long-term effects of …Further work needs to be done to establish whether …Further studies need to be carried out in order to validate …Further experimental investigations are needed to estimate …Further studies regarding the role of X would be worthwhile/ investigation and experimentation into X is strongly recommended.
威武的灰姑娘
英国论文的写作对于LiteratureReview这种关键地方是非常有讲究的,所以在写作的时候一定要注意,写好英国论文的文献综述的方法有:首先,你们要非常清楚回顾参考文献有哪些作用?其实很简单:就是证明你所选择的研究问题、理论或者概念框架和研究方法,换言之,它是你要完成论文的直接论据。第二,要明确主题的重要性.即让导师理解课题,以提供必须的背景信息和那些有意义的或者最近的研究是相似的。但不同的是需要通过这一系列的调查研究进而形成自己的结论。第三,要理解回顾参考文献的意义。回顾通常情况下都是对原有的理论的一种概述,文献回顾(LiteratureReview)是为了突出论文的主题,且它也能为论文的主题和论据提供支持通过引用一些官方或者专家的观点。文献回顾(LiteratureReview))是独立的、也可以穿插一论述里面、也可以据不同的论题分成不同的章节。文献回顾(LiteratureReview)应该是为你的研究提供一个理论框架,让你的读者看到你、清楚的理解与你主题相关的关键概念,研究的模型等等.第四,明确以上3点后,再可以了解文献的来源。总结下来一般来源于:期刊论文,专题论文,电脑资料,学位论文,实证研究,政府报告和其他部门的报告,历史记载,统计手册以及网上的一些资料,当然对于网上的资料要有选择性。最后,在开始设计和开始你的文献回顾(LiteratureReview)之前一定要问自己几个问题,从而达到文章的论据的可行性。1.你在你所调查的课题都做了什么?你打算用哪些选择原则2.你怎么样安排你的讨论?按年代,主题,概念的顺序排列3.不同的研究是怎么样联系在一起的?他们都做了什么贡献?他们的局限性是什么?4.你自己的调研和参考的文献如何才能相一致?其实像英国这种热门的留学国家,很多留学生都有很多关于论文写作方面的问题,如果同学们在平时还有哪些疑问一颗咨询一些国内知名的留学平台,如51Due等等都是很不错的留学平台。
Too兔rich
很多同学都面临着要写一份 Proposal 那应该怎么去写一份 优秀漂亮的Proposal , 依旧是很多同学的难题~但好在 无论是 学术论文还是Proposal 都可以说的上是 某种程度上的“八股” 即 可以按照固定的模式和形式进行写作 也就是“ 套路” 那么就让我将proposal的各个部分来进行详细剖析。 通常提案内容包括: 1.标题(Title) 2.介绍 (Introduction) 3.研究,目的和目标 (Aims & Objectives) 4.研究方法 (Methodology) 5.文献回顾 (Literature review) 6.研究范围和限制条件 (Scope & Constraints) 7.章节大纲 (Outline of sections/chapters) 8.时间安排 (Timetable) 9.文献 (References) 01 标 题 标题的选取最有技巧性,可能会make或者break整个论文。尤其是对自己未来的第一份工作比较有想法的同学,可能会考虑自己的毕业论文和相关领域或者话题挂钩,这样能够增加面试通过概率。 提案阶段的标题不一定完美,因为这只是个初步想法,之后可能会对语言有进一步措辞,但切记标题的中心要进口文章内容,确保文章和题目相互呼应,否则牛头不对马嘴了。 建议: 选择你喜欢的领域和切入点,有助于帮助你focus整篇文章的写作。 有时间和条件的同学可以看看往届毕业生的论文,或许会获得一些灵感,而且还能避免和往届作品题目冲撞。 仔细消化导师的反馈意见,大部分导师都会告诉你,你的想法是否有可研究性,或者是否被往届学生所研究过。 一旦选好题目,就要一头扎进去,不要朝三暮四总是想换题目。 02 介 绍 论文的介绍应该给读者/导师一个清晰的概念,作者的研究方向以及预计研究成果。内容方面可以包括: 概述: 概述研究的对象/理论有哪些问题事件 解释: 解释为什么你觉得这些问题值得探讨研究 描述: 描述你想如何做调查研究,并且你所期待的结果 总结: 总结这篇论文最终会获得哪些成果 建议: 这是一个很好的摆事实挑问题的好机会,尽可能地想一想研究过程中可能会发生的问题,并和导师讨论如何提前解决。 想得高分的同学们可以适当地发挥延伸,尽可能超越自己学科知识的等级,讨论对当前理论、科研或者社会方面的影响。如此一来,一不小心就可以得distinction啦。 如果同学们卡在介绍这一环节,想不出可以写的东西,那一定要和导师沟通,或许需要换一个话题。 03 研究目的和目标 目的(Aims)其实就是大目标,宽泛的指出大方向,研究此论文的目的。 目标(Objectives)更加具体,细分出想要达到大目的所经过的一步步小目标,以及如何实现这些目标。 建立目标的时候,小OE推荐大家使用SMART分析法: Specific具体-你的目标细化到一步步都可以较容易的实现么? Measurable可衡量-你所设置的目标可以用什么方法进行检测是否达到标准么? Achievable可实现-你的目标切实可行么? Realistic现实的-你手中有资源确实可以支撑做整个的调查研究么? Time-constrained时间强制性-你确定有足够的时间使你达到目标么? 建议: 设立目的或者目标没有数字的限制,只要你可以把大目的和小目标解释清楚,使之环环相扣,就ok啦。 尽量使用肯定、强劲有力的描述词语,避免模糊不清的比如perhaps,consider,possibly。动词上的使用可以选择develop,construct,measure等等。 04 研究方法 研究方法可是提案里的重中之重,内容包括: 项目研究的方法 理论框架 资料源和信息源 获取数据的方法 分析数据的方法 建议: 有时候资料和信息源可能就是简单的图书馆,但是也要系统的、有顺序的列举出你所要找的资料,给读者足够的信心认为你认真对待而不是随便的找寻资料。这也增加了资料的可信度。 有时候解释研究方法可能和向小朋友解释步骤一样,简单直接,自己都觉得可笑,但其实这很正常。 不要在这里放调查问卷或者采访稿子,这些应该都放在附录中。 时刻询问导师意见,尤其如果你选用最原始的调查方法,导师可能会给一些更有效的建议。 05 文献回顾 文献回顾也称之为Literature Survey,主要考察学生在写作时的阅读量以及涉猎范围广度。 浏览以往的文献,可以了解这一领域先前所做过的研究,也可以找到领域的科研带头方向和人物,有了方向标,自己的论文自然不会太过拼凑。 建议: 写文献回顾的目的是挖掘没有被人发现或研究的gap,这样能够体现你自己的研究成果,以及在此领域所做的贡献。 写文献回顾的时候可能会涉及很多的paraphrase,记得做文献标注哦。 06 研究范围和限制条件 研究范围的设定要适量把握,适当宽泛但确保目标不是过大,可以实现;适当狭窄但也要给出充足时间,保证完成研究。最重要的还是研究范围要和论文中心思想以及你所设定的目标挂钩。 在研究过程会有许多限制因素,最普遍的是时间限制,因为没有足够的时间,所以研究的范围和深度广度都会受到影响。其他的限制因素包括没有足够的数据、没有充足的过往文献、项目资金匮乏等等。
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