人工智能毕业论文英文

以下就是翻译，希望可以帮助到你History of computer development, and future development areas I. Introduction to Computer History Computational tools used by human beings, with the development of production and social progress, from simple to complex, from lower to higher development, computational tools have emerged, such as abacus, slide rule, hand mechanical computers, electrical machinery and computer . In 1946, the world's first electronic digital computer (ENIAC) was born in the United States. This computer has more than 18,000 shared power in the tubes, an area of 170m2, the total weight of 30t, power 140kw, computing speed of the 5000 additions per second, 300 times multiplication. Computer in just 50 years after the tubes, transistors, integrated circuits (IC) and ultra large scale integration (VLSI) four stages of development, so that the computer smaller and smaller, more powerful, the price getting lower and lower, more and more widely, currently moving intelligence (fifth generation) computer direction. 1. The first generation of computer The first generation of electricity in the computer is from 1946 to 1958. They are larger, lower operation speed, storage capacity is small and expensive. Not easy to use, in order to solve a problem, the complexity of programmed elusive. This generation is mainly used for scientific computing, scientific research only in the key sectors or departments. 2. Second-generation computer Second-generation computer is from 1958 to 1965, they all use the transistor as an electronic device, the operation speed than the first generation of faster computers in recent times, the volume of several one-tenth of the original. In terms of software to start using computer algorithms language. This generation not only for scientific computing, but also for data processing and transaction processing and industrial control. 3. Third-generation computer The third generation of computer is from 1965 to 1970. The main characteristics of this period is, the small-scale integrated circuits for electronic devices, and operating system appears to make more powerful computers, applications and more wide. They not only used for scientific computing, but also for word processing, business management, automatic control and other fields, there has been computer technology and communication technology combines information management system for production management, traffic management, information retrieval and other fields.

History of computer development, and future development areas Firstly. the Introduction to Computer History Computational tools used by human beings, with the development of production and social progress, from simple to complex, from lower to higher development, computational tools have emerged, such as abacus, slide rule, hand mechanical computers, electrical machinery and computer . In 1946, the world's first electronic digital computer (ENIAC) was born in the United States. This computer has more than 18,000 shared power in the tubes, an area of 170m2, the total weight of 30t, power 140kw, computing speed of the 5000 additions per second, 300 times multiplication. In just 50 years after the tubes, transistors, integrated circuits (IC) and ultra large scale integration (VLSI) four stages of development, computer has become smaller and smaller, more powerful, more and more widely，and its price is also getting lower and lower, currently moving intelligence (fifth generation) computer direction. 1. The first generation of computer The first generation of electricity in the computer is from 1946 to 1958. They are larger, lower operation speed, storage capacity is small and expensive. Not easy to use, in order to solve a problem, the complexity of programmed elusive. This generation is mainly used for scientific computing, scientific research only in the key sectors or departments. 2. Second-generation computer Second-generation computer is from 1958 to 1965, they all use the transistor as an electronic device, the operation speed than the first generation of faster computers in recent times, the volume of several one-tenth of the original. In terms of software to start using computer algorithms language. This generation not only for scientific computing, but also for data processing and transaction processing and industrial control. 3. Third-generation computer The third generation of computer is from 1965 to 1970. The main characteristics of this period is, the small-scale integrated circuits for electronic devices, and operating system appears to make more powerful computers, applications and more wide. They not only used for scientific computing, but also for word processing, business management, automatic control and other fields, there has been computer technology and communication technology combines information management system for production management, traffic management, information retrieval and other fields. 4. Fourth generation computer Is the fourth generation of computers since 1970 using large scale integration (LSI) and ultra large scale integration (VLSI) electronic devices made of the main computer. For example, 80386 microprocessor, in an area of about 10mm X l0mm a single chip, can be integrated about 32 million transistors. The fourth generation of computers is another important branch of a large-scale, VLSI-based microprocessors and develops miniature computer. 5. Fifth Generation Computer Fifth generation computer will information collection, storage, processing, communications, and artificial intelligence combined with a form of reasoning, associative learning and interpretation skills. Its architecture will break the traditional von Neumann machine concept • to achieve a high degree of parallel processing. Secondly, the development direction of the computer Future computers will be based on ultra large scale integrated circuits, the giant, miniaturization, networked and intelligent direction. 1. Giant of Giant of the computer's processing speed is higher, greater storage capacity, more powerful. Supercomputer is currently being developed by the operation speed of up to tens of billions of times per second. 2. Miniaturization Micro-computer has access to instruments, meters, household appliances and other equipment in small, but also as an industrial control process of the heart, so that equipment to achieve "intelligent." With the further development of microelectronics technology, notebook, handheld and other micro-computer in order to better cost performance will be popular. 3. Network With the depth of computer applications, in particular increasing popularity of home computers, one hope that many users to share information resources, it also hoped to transmit information between computers can communicate with each other. Computer networks of modern communications technology and the result of combining computer technology. Computer networks in the modern enterprise management has been playing an increasingly important role, such as banking systems, business systems, transportation systems. 4. Intelligent Artificial intelligence research is based on modern scientific basis. Intelligence is an important direction of computer development, a new generation of computers will be able to simulate the feeling of human behavior and thought process of the mechanism, to "see", "Listen," "said" "wish," "do" with the logic reasoning, learning and proven ability.

Intelligent processing tools is usually deal with uncertain, unstructured, of no fixed algorithm, the process is a process of inference control processing, the final results are often not sure, may be right, may be is not correct. Natural speech understanding is mainly studied how to make the computer can understand and raw or natural voice technology, natural speech understanding process can be divided into three levels: lexical analysis, syntactic analysis and semantic analysis, due to the natural voice is rich and colorful, so the natural speech understanding is quite difficult, moving from words, we can find some shortages at current levels of natural speech comprehension. Radio, television and the Internet through the waves propagated, digital circuit, newspapers need to typesetting printing, fast and slow step. Magazines, books, movies, more slowly. Release speed of the tool, holds a large advantage in the aspect of news release; Slow release tool that is used to release more to think about and research materials, such as publishing a variety of social science and natural science research, often in the form of magazines and books. In the information society, the use of network to network communication has been thought highly of by people more and more quickly, because the network has provided a broad space to people, shorten the distance between people. In a certain period of time, we can gather in different places, different age, different education and different classes of people to communicate and discuss, make people more broad vision, to know more comprehensive information, experience more rich, therefore, with the further development of information technology and the progress of the society, and believe that there will be more and more people using the Internet the medium for communication and study, but we should also see, there are also all kinds of problems on the network, such as some people release some bad information on the Internet, trap set all kinds of information. Contrast we should distinguish right and wrong, penetrative, taken as true, let the Internet become our good place to study and communication. Intelligent interface technology is the study of how to enable people to make nature to communicate with the computer, in order to achieve this goal, for the computer to read text, understand language, speech, and even be able to translate between different languages, and the realization of the function of these depend on the knowledge expression method of research, therefore, the intelligent interface technology has made remarkable achievements, character recognition, speech recognition, speech synthesis, image machine translation and natural language understanding technology has practical application智能处理工具通常处理的问题是不确定的,非结构的,没有固定算法的，处理的过程是推理控制的过程，最终得到的结果常常是不太确定的，可能是正确的，可能能是不正确。自然语音理解主要是研究如何使计算机能够理解和生或自然语音的技术，自然语音理解过程可以分为三个层次：词法分析，句法分析和语义分析，由于自然语音是丰富多彩的，所以，自然语音理解也是相当困难的，从话动中，我们可以发现目前水平的自然语音理解能力的一些不足。广播、电视和网络通过电波、数字线路进行传播，发布的速度快，报纸需要排版印刷，速度慢了一步。杂志、书籍、电影更慢。发布速度快的工具，在发布新闻方面占有很大的优势;发布速度慢的工具，则多用来发布需要思考和研究的材料，如发布各种社会科学和自然科学的研究成果，常采用杂志与书籍的形式。 在信息社会中，利用网络进行进行网络进行交流已经越来越快受到人们的重视，因为网络给人们提供了广阔的空间，缩短了人与人之间的距离。在一定的时间内，我们可以聚集不同地方、不同年龄、不同学历、不同阶层的人们进行交流和探讨，使人们的视野更加广阔，了解到信息更为全面，得到的经验更加丰富，因此，随着信息技术的进一步发展和社会的进步，相信会有更多的人利用网络这种媒介进行交流和学习，但是我们也应该看到，网络上也存在各种各样的问题，如有些人在网上发布一些不良的信息，设置各种信息陷阱。对比我们应该分辨是非，明察秋毫，劫为存真，让因特网成为我们学习交流的好地方。 智能接口技术是研究如何使人们能够方使自然地与计算机交流，为了实现这目标，要求计算机能够看懂文字、听懂语言、说话表达，甚至能够进行不同语言之间的翻译，而这些功能的实现又依赖于知识表达方法的研究，因此，智能接口技术已经取得显著成果，文字识别、语言识别、语音合成、图像机器翻译以及自然语言理解等技术已经实用化

人工智能是20世纪计算机科学发展的重大成就，在许多领域有着广泛的应用。以下是我整理的人工智能的毕业论文范文的相关资料，欢迎阅读!

摘要：人工智能是20世纪计算机科学发展的重大成就，在许多领域有着广泛的应用。论述了人工智能的定义，分析了目前在管理、教育、工程、技术、等领域的应用，总结了人工智能研究现状，分析了其发展方向。

关键词：人工智能;计算机科学;发展方向

中图分类号：TP18

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1672-8198(2009)13-0248-02

1人工智能的定义

人工智能(Artificial Intelligence，AI)，是一门综合了计算机科学、生理学、哲学的交叉学科。“人工智能”一词最初是在1956年美国计算机协会组织的达特莫斯(Dartmouth)学会上提出的。自那以后，研究者们发展了众多理论和原理，人工智能的概念也随之扩展。由于智能概念的不确定，人工智能的概念一直没有一个统一的标准。著名的美国斯坦福大学人工智能研究中心尼尔逊教授对人工智能下了这样一个定义“人工智能是关于知识的学科――怎样表示知识以及怎样获得知识并使用知识的科学。”而美国麻省理工学院的温斯顿教授认为“人工智能就是研究如何使计算机去做过去只有人才能做的智能工作。”童天湘在《从“人机大战”到人机共生》中这样定义人工智能：“虽然现在的机器不能思维也没有“直觉的方程式”，但可以把人处理问题的方式编入智能程序，是不能思维的机器也有智能，使机器能做那些需要人的智能才能做的事，也就是人工智能。”诸如此类的定义基本都反映了人工智能学科的基本思想和基本内容。即人工智能是研究人类智能活动的规律，构造具有一定智能的人工系统，研究如何让计算机去完成以往需要人的智力才能胜任的工作，也就是研究如何应用计算机的软硬件来模拟人类某些智能行为的基本理论、方法和技术。

2人工智能的应用领域

人工智能在管理及教学系统中的应用

人工智能在企业管理中的应用。刘玉然在《谈谈人工智能在企业管理中的应用》一文中提到把人工智能应用于企业管理中，认为要做的工作就是搞清楚人的智能和人工智能的关系，了解人工智能的外延和内涵，搭建人工智能的应用平台，搞好企业智能化软件的开发工作，这样，人工智能就能在企业决策中起到关键的作用。

人工智能在智能教学系统中的应用。焦加麟，徐良贤，戴克昌(2003)在总结国际上相关研究成果的基础上，结合其在开发智能多媒体汉德语言教学系统《二十一世纪汉语》的过程中累积的实践经验，介绍了智能教学系统的历史、结构和主要技术，着重讨论了人工智能技术与方法在其中的应用，并指出了当今这个领域上存在的一些问题。

人工智能专家系统在工程领域的应用

人工智能专家系统在医学中的应用。国外最早将人工智能应用于医疗诊断的是MYCIN专家系统。1982年，美国Pittsburgh大学Miller发表了著名的作为内科医生咨询的Internist 2I内科计算机辅助诊断系统的研究成果，1977年改进为Internist 2Ⅱ，经过改进后成为现在的CAU-CEUS，1991年美国哈佛医学院Barnett等开发的DEX-PLAIN，包含有2200种疾病和8000种症状。我国研制基于人工智能的专家系统始于上世纪70年代末，但是发展很快。早期的有北京中医学院研制成“关幼波肝炎医疗专家系统”，它是模拟著名老中医关幼波大夫对肝病诊治的程序。上世纪80年代初，福建中医学院与福建计算机中心研制的林如高骨伤计算机诊疗系统。其他如厦门大学、重庆大学、河南医科大学、长春大学等高等院校和其他研究机构开发了基于人工智能的医学计算机专家系统，并成功应用于临床。

人工智能在矿业中的应用。与矿业有关的第一个人工智能专家系统是1978年美国斯坦福国际研究所的矿藏勘探和评价专家系统PROSPECTOR，用于勘探评价、区域资源估值和钻井井位选择等。20世纪80年代以来，美国矿山局匹兹堡研究中心与其它单位合作开发了预防煤矿巷道底臌、瓦斯治理和煤尘控制的专家系统;弗尼吉亚理工学院及州立大学研制了模拟连续开采过程中开采、装载、运输、顶板锚固和设备检查专家系统Consim;阿拉斯加大学编写了地下煤矿采矿方法选择专家系统。

人工智能在技术研究中的应用

人工智能在超声无损检测中的应用。在超声无损检测(NDT)与无损评价(NDE)领域中，目前主要广泛采用专家系统方法对超声损伤(UT)中缺陷的性质，形状和大小进行判断和归类;专家在传统超声无损检测与智能超声无损检测之间架起了一座桥梁，它能把一般的探伤人员变成技术熟练。经验丰富的专家。所以在实际应用中这种智能超声无损检测有很大的价值。

人工智能在电子技术方面的应用。沈显庆认为可以把人工智能和仿真技术相结合，以单片机硬件电路为专家系统的知识来源，建立单片机硬件配置专家系统，进行故障诊断，以提高纠错能力。人工智能技术也被引入到了计算机网络领域，计算机网络安全管理的常用技术是防火墙技术，而防火墙的核心部分就是入侵检测技术。随着网络的迅速发展，各种入侵手段也在层出不穷，单凭传统的防范手段已远远不能满足现实的需要，把人工智能技术应用到网络安全管理领域，大大提高了它的安全性。马秀荣等在《简述人工智能技术在网络安全管理中的应用》一文中具体介绍了如何把人工智能技术应用于计算机网络安全管理中，起到了很好的安全防范作用。

3人工智能的发展方向

人工智能的发展现状

国外发展现状。目前，AI技术在美国、欧洲和日本发展很快。在AI技术领域十分活跃的IBM公司。已经为加州劳伦斯・利佛摩尔国家实验室制造了号称具有人脑的千分之一的智力能力的“ASCII White”电脑，而且正在开发的更为强大的新超级电脑――“蓝色牛仔(blue jean)”，据其研究主任保罗・霍恩称，预计“蓝色牛仔”的智力水平将大致与人脑相当。麻省理工学院的AI实验室进行一个的代号为cog的项目。cog计划意图赋予机器人以人类的行为，该实验的一个项目是让机器人捕捉眼睛的移动和面部表情，另一个项目是让机器人抓住从它眼前经过的东西，还有一个项目则是让机器人学会聆听音乐的节奏并将其在鼓上演奏出来。由于人工智能有着广大的发展前景，巨大的发展市场被各国和各公司所看好。除了IBM等公司继续在AI技术上大量投入，以保证其领先地位外，其他公司在人工智能的分支研究方面，也保持着一定的投入比例。微软公司总裁比尔・盖茨在美国华盛顿召开的AI(人工智能)国际会议上进行了主题演讲，称微软研究院目前正致力于AI的基础技术与应用技术的研究，其对象包括自我决定、表达知识与信息、信息检索、机械学习、数据采集、自然语言、语音笔迹识别等。

我国人工智能的研究现状。很长一段时间以来，机械

和自动控制专家们都把研制具有人的行为特征的类人性机器人作为奋斗目标。中国国际科技大学在国家863计划和自然科学基金支持下，一直从事两足步行机器人、类人性机器人的研究开发，在1990年成功研制出我国第一台两足步行机器人的基础上，经过科研10年攻关，于2000年11月，又成功研制成我国第一台类人性机器人。它有人一样的身躯、四肢、头颈、眼睛，并具备了一定的语言功能。它的行走频率从过去的每六秒一步，加快到每秒两步;从只能平静地静态不行，到能快速自如的动态步行;从只能在已知的环境中步行，到可在小偏差、不确定环境中行走，取得了机器人神经网络系统、生理视觉系统、双手协调系统、手指控制系统等多项重大研究成果。

人工智能发展方向

在信息检索中的应用。人工智能在网络信息检索中的应用，主要表现在：①如何利用计算机软硬件系统模仿、延伸与扩展人类智能的理论、方法和技术，包括机器感知、机器思维、机器行为，即知识获取、知识处理、知识利用的过程。②由于网络知识信息既包括规律性的知识，如一般原理概念，也包括大量的经验知识，这些知识不可避免地带有模糊性、随机性、不可靠性等不确定性因素，对其进行推理，需要利用人工智能的研究成果。

基于专家系统的入侵检测方法。入侵检测中的专家系统是网络安全专家对可疑行为的分析后得到的一套推理规则。一个基于规则的专家系统能够在专家的指导下，随着经验的积累而利用自学习能力进行规则的扩充和修正，专家系统对历史记录的依赖性相对于统计方法较小，因此适应性较强，可以较灵活地适应广普的安全策略和检测要求。这是人工智能发展的一个主要方向。

人工智能在机器人中的应用。机器人足球系统是目前进行人工智能体系统研究的热点，其即高科技和娱乐性于一体的特点吸引了国内外大批学者的兴趣。决策系统主要解决机器人足球比赛过程中机器人之间的协作和机器人运动规划问题，在机器人足球系统设计中需要将人工智能中的决策树、神经网络、遗传学的等算法综合运用，随着人工智能理论的进一步发展，将使机器人足球有长足的发展。

4结语

由上述的讨论我们可以看到，目前人工智能的应用领域相当广泛。无论是学术界还是应用领域对人工智能都高度重视。人工智能良好的发展和应用前景，要求我们必须加大研究和投入力度，以使人工智能的发展能为人类服务。

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