欧亨利英文论文文献综述

所谓“欧·亨利式结尾”，通常指短篇小说大师们常常在文章情节结尾时突然让人物的心理情境发生出人意料的变化，或使主人公命运陡然逆转，出现意想不到的结果，但又在情理之中，符合生活实际，从而造成独特的艺术魅力。这种结尾艺术，在欧·亨利式作品中有充分的体现。 欧·亨利，美国著名短篇小说家，曼哈顿桂冠诗人，其作品被称为“美国生活的幽默的百科全书”。之所以得此殊荣，也得益于他把这种结尾艺术发扬光大。下面以他的小说《警察与赞美诗》为例来说说这种艺术。 文中主人公苏比为进监狱得以安身而六次惹是生非，故意犯罪，结果皆未得逞，后来他在宗教力量（姑且不论宗教力量如何）感化下，准备悬崖勒马，改邪归正，读者在这时也许屏住呼吸，抱以新的希望，可就在这时，苏比被捕了。这种出人意料，却又在情理之中，意味深长地突出了苏比的愿望与现实的矛盾，从而更深刻地揭露了美国社会现实，使读者更进一步认识到资本主义社会的某些本质。 正如前苏联作家苏曼诺夫说的：“艺术的打击力量要放到最后。”这很有点像“卒章显志”的写法。这种文章让人读后荡气回肠，不得不掩卷沉思。 咖啡馆里的世界公民 我已经围绕地球走了十二遍，”他说。“我了解到厄珀纳维克的一位爱斯基摩人寄钱到辛辛那提⑾去买领带，我看到乌拉圭的牧羊人在一次“战斗小湾”早餐食品谜语竞赛中获了奖。我在开罗、希腊为间房间付房租，在横滨为另一间付了全年租金。上海的一家茶馆专门为我准备了一双拖鞋，在里约热内卢的贾尼罗或者西雅图，我不必告诉他们怎样给我煮蛋。真是一个太小的旧世界。 包打听 每天早晨六点钟，他的活便伴随生活开始了。他刻板地按习惯穿着，按礼仪行事，但把鼻子伸进与他毫无干系的事情方面，他甚至可以给香猫或寒鸦出谋划策。这种人在城里一直追逐豪放不羁的生活，从设在地下室的酒吧或饭店到屋顶花园，从赫克托大街到哈莱姆区，而且，你在城里根本找不到一个地方没有他们用小刀切割意大利式的细面条。� 警察与赞美诗 顷刻间，这种新的思想境界令他激动万分。一股迅急而强烈的冲动鼓舞着他去迎战坎坷的人生。他要把自己拖出泥淖，他要征服那一度驾驭自己的恶魔。时间尚不晚，他还算年轻，他要再现当年的雄心壮志，并坚定不移地去实现它。管风琴的庄重而甜美音调已经在他的内心深处引起了一场革命。 财神和爱神 “哦，安东尼弟弟，别再吹金钱万能了。一件表示真诚爱情的信物——一只小戒指象征着海枯石烂心不变、金钱买不到的一往深情，这才是我们的理查德获得幸福的根由。他在街上把戒指掉了，便下车去找。他们重新上路之前，街道给堵住了。就在堵车的时间，他向她表白了爱情，最后赢得了她。比起真正的爱情来，金钱成了粪土，安东尼。” 证券经纪人的浪漫故事 经纪人工作起来就像一架高速运转、精密复杂、强壮有力的机器——绷紧到最大限度，运转至最快速度，精确无误，坚决果断，措词贴切而决策恰当，行动时机的选择如时钟般准确无误 麦琪的礼物 一元八角七。全都在这儿了，其中六角是一分一分的铜板。这些分分钱是杂货店老板、菜贩子和肉店老板那儿软硬兼施地一分两分地扣下来，直弄得自己羞愧难当，深感这种掂斤播两的交易实在丢人现眼。德拉反复数了三次，还是一元八角七，而第二天就是圣诞节了。� 带家具出租的房间 令人难以置信的是，那些把所有这一切恶意和伤害施加于这个房间的人居然就是曾一度把它称之为他们的家的人；然而，也许正是这屡遭欺、仍然盲目保持的恋家本性以及对虚假的护家神的愤恨点燃了他们胸中的冲天怒火。一间茅草房——只要属于我们自己——我们都会打扫、装点和珍惜。�

"The Gift of the Magi"is a short story written by O. Henry (a pen name for William Sydney Porter), about a young married couple and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money. As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift-giving, it has been a popular one for adaptation, especially for presentation during the Christmas season. The plot and its "twist ending" are well-known, and the story and its lesson are sometimes subverted for the sake of irony or humor. It was allegedly written at Pete's Tavern[1][2] on Irving Place in New York [Jim] Dillingham Young and his wife Della are a young couple who are very much in love with each other, but can barely afford their one-room apartment due to their very bad economic situation. For Christmas, Della decides to buy Jim a chain which costs $ for his prized pocket watch given to him by his father. To raise the funds, she has her long, beautiful hair cut off and sold to make a wig. Meanwhile, Jim decides to sell his watch to buy Della a beautiful set of combs made out of tortoiseshell and jewels for her lovely, knee-length brown hair. Although each is disappointed to find the gift they chose rendered useless, each is pleased with the gift they received, because it represents their love for one story ends with the narrator comparing the pair's mutually sacrificial gifts of love with those of the Biblical Magi:The magi, as you know, were wise men – wonderfully wise men – who brought gifts to the new-born King of the Jews in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the Cop and the AnthemPlot summaryThe Cop and the Anthem has only one character who is given a name, the protagonist "Soapy." Furthermore, no last name is given. It is made clear that Soapy is homeless, a member of the substantial army of underclass men and women who had flocked to New York City during the earliest years of the twentieth short story's narrative is set in an unstated day in late fall. Because the city trees' deciduous leaves are falling and there is a hint of frost in the air, Soapy faces the urgent necessity of finding some sort of shelter for the winter. O. Henry uses characteristically high-flown language to describe Soapy's desperate with many other homeless people in the United States, Soapy is psychologically experienced in thinking of the local jail as a de facto homeless shelter. He therefore develops a series of tactics intended to encourage the police to classify him as a criminal and arrest 's ploys include swindling a restaurant into serving him an expensive meal, vandalizing the plate-glass window of a luxury shop, repeating his eatery exploit at a humble diner, sexually harassing a young woman, pretending to be publicly intoxicated, and stealing another man's , all of these attempts are quickly exposed as failures. The upper-class restaurant looks at Soapy's threadbare clothes and refuses to serve him. A police officer responds to the broken window but decides to pursue an innocent bystander. The diner refuses to have Soapy arrested, and instead has two servers throw Soapy out onto a concrete 's failures to earn his desired arrest continue. The young woman, far from feeling harassed, proves to be more than ready for action. Another police officer observes Soapy impersonating a drunk and disorderly man, but assumes that the exhibitionistic conduct is that of a Yale student celebrating their victory over "Hartford College" in football. Finally, the victim of the umbrella theft relinquishes the item without a on these events, Soapy despairs of his goal of getting arrested and imprisoned. With the autumn sun gone and night having fallen, Soapy lingers by a small Christian church, considering his O. Henry describes events, the small church has a working organ and a practicing organist. As Soapy listens to the church organ play an anthem, he experiences a spiritual epiphany in which he resolves to cease to be homeless, end his life as a tramp afflicted with unemployment, and regain his self-respect. Soapy recalls that a successful businessman had once offered him a job. Lost in a reverie, Soapy decides that on the very next day he will seek out this potential mentor and apply for Soapy stands on the street and considers this plan for his future, however, a policeman taps him on the shoulder and asks him what he is doing. When Soapy answers “Nothing,” his fate is sealed: he has been arrested for loitering. In the magistrate’s court on the following day, he is convicted of a misdemeanor and is sentenced to three months in Riker's Island, the New York City jail.

欧·亨利式结尾：就是在文章情节结尾时突然让人物的心理情境发生出人意料的变化，或使主人公命运陡然逆转，出现意想不到的结果，但又在情理之中，符合生活实际，从而造成独特的艺术魅力。

拓展资料：

代表作：欧·亨利在大概十年的时间内创作了短篇小说共有300多篇，收入《白菜与国王》(1904)[其唯一一部长篇，作者通过四五条并行的线索，试图描绘出一幅广阔的画面，在写法上有它的别致之处。不过从另一方面看，小说章与章之间的内在联系不够紧密，各有独立的内容]、《四百万》(1906)、《西部之心》(1907)、《市声》(1908)、《滚石》(1913)等集子，其中以描写纽约曼哈顿市民生活的作品为最著名。他把那儿的街道、小饭馆、破旧的公寓的气氛渲染得十分逼真，故有“曼哈顿的桂冠诗人”之称。他曾以的生活为题材，写了不少短篇小说。作者企图表明道貌岸然的上流社会里，有不少人就是高级的，成功的。欧·亨利对社会与人生的观察和分析并不深刻，有些作品比较浅薄，但他一生困顿，常与失意落魄的小人物同甘共苦，又能以别出心裁的艺术手法表现他们复杂的感情。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。因此，他最出色的短篇小说如《爱的牺牲》(A Service of Love)、《警察与赞美诗》(The Cop and the Anthem)、《带家具出租的房间》(The Furnished Room)、《麦琪的礼物》(The Gift of the Magi)、《最后一片藤叶》（The Last Leaf）等都可列入世界优秀短篇小说之中。

3.作品特点：他的文字生动活泼，善于利用双关语、讹音、谐音和旧典新意，妙趣横生,被喻为[含泪的微笑]。他还以准确的细节描写，制造与再现气氛，特别是大都会夜生活的气氛。

欧·亨利还以擅长结尾闻名遐迩，美国文学界称之为“欧·亨利式的结尾”他善于戏剧性地设计情节，埋下伏笔，作好铺垫，勾勒矛盾，最后在结尾处突然让人物的心理情境发生出人意料的变化，或使主人公命运陡然逆转，使读者感到豁然开朗，柳暗花明，既在意料之外，又在情理之中，不禁拍案称奇，从而造成独特的艺术魅力。欧·亨利把小说的灵魂全都凝聚在结尾部分，让读者在前的似乎是平淡无奇的而又是诙谐风趣的娓娓动听的描述中，不知不觉地进入作者精心设置的迷宫，直到最后，忽如电光一闪，才照亮了先前隐藏着的一切，仿佛在和读者捉迷藏，或者在玩弄障眼法，给读者最后一个惊喜。在欧·亨利之前，其他短篇小说家也已经这样尝试过这种出乎意料的结局。但是欧·亨利对此运用得更为经常，更为自然，也更为纯熟老到。

高尚的结局与矫情的人物———从《最后的常春藤叶》重识欧·亨利电子科技大学学报( 社科版) 2008 年( 第10 卷) 第1 期拿这个参考一下吧。

常常在文章情节结尾时突然让人物的心理情境发生出人意料的变化，或使主人公命运陡然逆转，出现意想不到的结果，既在意料之外，又在情理之中。给人以出乎意料的感觉，又不得不承认他的合情合理。一般可以更好的刻画人物形象，丰富故事的内容。

欧·亨利一生共创作了三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，著名的短篇小说有《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》和《最后的藤叶》等。以下为两个例子。

①《警察与赞美诗》中，综观全文苏比曾几次惹事生非，想进监狱得以安身，可他总是“背运”。当苏比受到赞美诗的感化，欲改邪归正时，警察却以“莫须有”的罪名将他投入了监狱。在所有人都认为苏比将要平安度过一生之时警察出现了并将他带上了法庭。这是典型的“欧·亨利式结尾”就犹如看见黎明的人又跌入黑暗一般，让读者的心一揪，回味无穷，发人深省，久久难以忘怀。而欧·亨利就很好地运用了这种方法，并借此深刻地反映社会善恶不分的现实。

②《最后的藤叶》中，老画家一直要画一副传世之作，面对邻居请求时冷漠无比，甚至让人讨厌，一副这个女人的死跟我有啥关系的形象。然后当病人数着落叶等死时，一夜风雨过后仍然挺立的枯叶，让她重燃了生活的希望，逐渐开始康复。就在大家以为这是个普通的医学奇迹时，女主角几句话让剧情陡然而变。那片救了人的枯叶就是令人讨厌的老画家半夜冒风雨画上去的，而在完成这幅传世之作后，老画家可能因为活下去的希望没了，在感染了肺结核后没有挺过来。突然整个充满寒意的社会关系变得暖暖的让人感动。而老画家通过一个画上去的枯叶完成了生命与希望的传承，这幅画更是无愧一开始提到的绝世之画。

writing sample是为了了解你的专业写作能力。一般最好用自己大学期间的论文习作就可以。你是英语专业的，不知写过什么语言学方面的论文没有，如果有的话，用专业术语翻译过来就可以啦。 如果你没有写过论文，那么就写一篇文章吧，再翻译成英文。可以是议论文也可以是抒情散文，反正你是英语专业的。我建议写外国文学赏析，比如什么英国浪漫诗赏析，《双城记》赏析，什么欧亨利短篇小说赏析。类似读后感。网上找找吧，很多的。 在太傻论坛上有很多writing sample的模板 还有也有申请的案例总结，希望对你有帮助~学校如果不只要一篇writing sample，你最好准备一篇与自己现在专业（德语）相关的，比方说什么德国语言文学方面的论文，另外一篇是与自己申请专业（英语）相关的，就是我上面举的英语文学赏析的论文。这样就很有说服力啦~