食物翻译研究论文

目前微生物风险仍然是最频繁的在食品工业和消毒是一种程序,都可以完成一般预防食源性传染病。在工业过程中清洗消毒食物转化程序和机械的表面必须被视为一项整合系统与食品生产、技术方面肯定影响成品质量和安全。首先进行适当的这些操作是必要的工厂和设备已被设计和建造和高标准的卫生条件,减少污染的风险,促进卫生设施。这个程序包括几个阶段,一般来说,包括预水洗与水,清洁,真正的消毒,并最终用清水冲洗干净。为了保证正确消毒表面的区域和工艺设备的选择、消毒剂呈现特别重要。一些最广泛使用消毒剂包括次氯酸纳酸性、二氧化氯和能像过氧乙酸;后者是广泛应用于饮料、矿泉水等行业。这些化学剂的效率取决于各种因素作为pH、温度和在场的有机物质与该消毒剂能够作出反应,从而可以减少给副产物的活性和可呈现的毒性。用次氯酸钠可能促使形成致癌物质如trialomethanes(普遍),而利用二氧化氯可能导致chlorites和chlorates的形成。指出过氧乙酸的化合物是一种不错的选择,它不导致形成致癌的副产品。我们评估了在我们的有效性研究过氧乙酸灭活微生物喜欢一些抗甲型肝炎病毒;我们的结果表明,在实际应用中清洗CIP(地方)是必要的600 ~ 1300mg使用浓度的过氧乙酸/ L为15 ~ 30分钟为一个活的接触的时间> 。

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中国菜蕴涵并且承载着中国悠久的历史文化，丰富的风俗习惯，及各异的生活方式和思维方式，是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中外文化交流的不断加强，中国菜的准确翻译变得愈加重要，并引起了社会各界，尤其是翻译界的广泛关注，这使得中国菜单英文翻译的研究取得了有效成果。其中，记者华少君指出，中国菜的翻译难主要是因为不同的地域，气候，制作材料，烹饪方法导致中国菜命名丰富多彩，并且这些菜蕴涵着巨大的社会文化底蕴。所以，“中文菜单的英文翻译必须要体现中国文化的特点，否则菜名所体现的真实意义和文化意义都会丧失殆尽甚至完全并扭曲”，田桂玲说。郁青青和田桂玲都提出了中国菜名的直译、意译和音译。还有张周瑞的功能对等理论，付国伟的目的论，王瑛瑛和张莹的异化和归化理论都提出了一些实用的翻译理论。在郁青青看来，中国菜的翻译必须遵守两大原则，一是要明确中餐菜单的语篇类型和功能，因为菜单英译的预期功能是为广大外国游客在中国的餐馆和酒店用餐时提供便利；二是要达到弘扬民族文化的目的，因此翻译中餐菜单时，不能从主观愿望出发，应该遵循英语语言习惯，参照西餐菜单的特点，让外国客人了解菜单中所包含的文化层次的外在表象。其他的研究内容也基本如上。然而，上述研究以及其他相关文献中，都是对中国菜这个大概念的描述，并没有对具体的一种菜系，如四川菜或者广东菜的深入研究。

Annex 3: Agricultural Policy and Food Security in China 中国农业政策与食品安全 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction Food security and the performance of the agricultural sector Agricultural development strategy, policies and food security China's food economy prospects Issues and challenges Concluding Remarks References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction China's effort to produce enough to feed its growing population has long been recognized. It feeds over one-fifth of the world's population with only one-fifteenth of the world's arable land. In recent history, China has either exported food or imported relatively little. China was a net exporter of food, even of grain, in the 1950s. Although China became a net importer of grain in the 1960s, the share of net imports to total domestic consumption was marginal. Net import shares reached approximately three percent in the early reform period (1978-84), then declined to approximately one percent in the following period (1985-90). China has since become a net grain exporter, except in 1995 when it had a record level grain imports of nearly 20 million tons. Net exports between 1992 and 1994 were over 5 million tons annually. While China's grain imports may grow slightly in the coming decades, the nation has developed a strong position as a net exporter of food (both grain and non grain) in value terms by exporting high value-added foodstuff including livestock products and other processed foods during the reform period. Net food exports grew to billion US dollars in 1985 and peaked at billion dollars in 1993, from a state of balanced trade (in value terms) in 1980 (China Customs Statistics). China's future food security, however, is a subject of growing concern. First, although China's food production has grown over the last several decades, year-to-year fluctuations of food supply and prices are significant. Market stabilization and food price inflation have been among the major targets of government policy since the late 1980s. The Chinese government considers maintaining a comparatively high level of food self-sufficiency, avoiding supply shocks, and stabilizing consumer prices, a matter of national security and stability: Only when the Chinese people are free from food availability and stability of food supply worries can they concentrate on and support the current reform, thus ensuring a sustained, rapid and healthy development of the economy (The State Council, 1996). To this end, the government recently adopted measures to stabilize domestic food supply and stabilize the market - these measures include administrative and economic intervention in food distribution and marketing systems, national and local food reserve schemes, price regulations, international trade, factor markets, and rural infrastructure development. Secondly, food security and access to food are mainly poverty issues. Although national economic growth is strong, it is uneven across regions. Farmer's incomes in the central and eastern regions of China continue to grow more rapidly than those in the west and southwest. Income inequality among regions, between rural and urban areas, and within regions continues to grow (MOA, 1997). In the early 1980s, tremendous progress was made in addressing China's poverty problem, mainly due to the government's rural reform program. However, this progress has slowed down over the past ten years. Finally, China's food supply availability could be a major food security issue in the coming decades if policies were not formulated in the right directions. Worldwide, food production growth rates have outpaced population growth in recent decades, implying increased food

可以去cnki查一下。一般学校的图书馆可以下载cnki网站上的论文 如果从文化的角度入手就更好了，不要光是英语成语的堆砌，举出3-5个有特点的展开了说，引用民俗（国内国外的做详尽的讨论），每个小例子还可以用1-2个相似的作陪衬和辅助说明。主要是过外民俗的那部分不好收集，也不是一个简单就可以完成的论文，英语的俗语也分英国的部分，和美国的部分。以这两个国家为主，荷、澳等为辅