城镇化论文范文集

雅思写作的提高不仅需要自己勤加练习，还要多读多看，以下是我给大家整理的雅思写作 范文 及素材：城市化。希望对大家的雅思写作备考有所帮助

雅思写作大 作文 高分范文城市化的影响

Question

These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are leaving rural areas to live in the city.

Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation ( migration from the country to the city) and suggest some ways in which this trend could be reversed?

Key words analysis

? rural areas: 郊区, 它的相对词是urban areas

? depopulation: 减少居民，后面括号内的内容是岁这个词的解释

? trend: 趋势，和tide, current同义

? reverse: 使倒转

Argument:

? 这是属于 议论文 中的problem的类型，通常会在要求学生表达对这个问题的看法和给出一些解决方案。

Possible effects :

? 过于拥挤的城市易影响城市的舒适度

? 过于拥挤的城市可能会导致失业率升高

Possible solutions:

? 政府进行商业性的引导

? 加强农村基础建设，提升生活便利性

Model Essay 1 – Part 1

Introduction

Rural depopulation is a very important issue in many parts of the world today. In this essay, I will discuss some of the main effects of this problem and also offer some possible solutions to it.

Main body 1

Firstly, it is clear that migration away from the country negatively affects life in the city. Serious environmental and social problems often occur when cities become overcrowded. Problems such as air, water and noise pollution are now increasingly common in urban areas around the world because there are simply too many people living there. Pollution can make city life very uncomfortable indeed and can even cause illness. Beijing is a very good example of this. Overcrowding in cities can also lead to high unemployment (especially in poorer parts of the world) and crime.

Model Essay 1 – Part 2

Main body 2

In order to prevent people from moving away from the country and reduce the size of cities, I feel we must make country life more attractive. In my view, the best way of doing this would be to improve services in the country. One of the main reasons that so many people have left the country is that facilities like shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals are generally better in the city. If such facilities were available in the country, more people would choose to live there. Another effective solution would be for the government to subsidies businesses and workers who move to the country.

Conclusion

n conclusion, I believe we must all recognise how serious this problem is. For the sake of the environment and our own quality of life it is vital that we preserve rural communities.

雅思考试大作文范文:过度城市化的原因和结果

雅思大作文题目：

Since cities have changed a lot, the size ofthe cities has grown enormously. Discuss thecauses and consequence of the enormous sizeof cities.

雅思大作文范文：

Nowadays, the maps of cities are updatedfrequently. With the development of city, more andmore suburbs become parts of the city. When thecities in the world are amplifying constantly, peoplediscuss the topic hotly, the causes andconsequence of the enormous cities. Different people have different answers by theirrespective views.

In my opinion, the evolution of society and the development of economy result in thegrowth of the vast size of cities. Since the number of population in every city is increasingcontinually, people need a large amount of space to live in. With the progress of the technology,the output of crops rises sharply. Fewer and fewer farmers are required, as a result, more andmore villages urbanize. The growth of the cities brings us many huge changes.

There are more job opportunities in the cities. For instance, China will hold the OlympicGames in Beijing in 2008. The government is amplifying the size of Beijing to build new gyms inorder to hold it excellently. Obviously, people in the cities could gain a lot of new jobs.

Of course, the enormous size of cities also has bad effects. Pollution is becoming more andmore serious all over the world with the amplification of the cities. For example, thepoisonous gas sent off by factories and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people tobreathe. Water waste keeps pouring into rivers and lakes; as a result, many water species aredying out. Furthermore, more people the city have, more rubbish we can find.

In a word, since each coin has two sides, we should be acquainted clearly with the reasonswhy the size of the cities has grown enormously and what it will bring us. Thus, we could makefull use of the positive effects and overcome the negative effects.

雅思大作文范文解析-如何解决城市建设带来的问题

题目

The world has many towns and cities constructed in previous centuries that are suitable and livable for people in those times. What problems will this cause today and what can be done to solve these problems?

题型：问题解决

翻译：世界上有许多几个世纪前建造的城镇，适合那时代的人们居住。这会导致今天出现什么问题以及如何解决这些问题呢?

写作结构

开头段：背景引入+话题介绍

主体段 1：可能造成的问题

主体段 2：可以采取的 措施

结尾段： 总结 概括

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“如今全球化和现代化超过了城镇建设，并带来一些问题”，政府需要采取措施解决它们。

背景句：Globalization and modernization nowadays have considerably outpaced the construction of new cities，which has brought some adverse impacts on people’s life.

话题介绍：Under pressure, the government needs to identify them to reduce complaints from citizens.

主体段 1

商业开发为一些城市的城市化带来了一些问题，如交通堵塞，住房紧张等。

主题句：Commercial development gives a facility to urbanization in some cities where the basic infrastructure does not match the needs of enormous flow of dwellers.

平行列举 1：In some cases, the shortage of transportation means that the road would be blocked by vehicles especially during rush hours. This low efficient traffic can have negative implications on business to some extent.

平行列举 2：Apart from stagnated traffic, there are accommodation issues to be considered. This is because the advances of economy surely require large numbers of migrants. If single-storey constructions without necessary facilities including heating, sewage system and even electricity supply take a dominating place in city, it would be difficult for those workers to dwell comfortably.

主体段 2

为解决上述问题，政府可以采取一些措施。如建设高架桥和地下交通系统减轻道路交通;说服房地产公司建造更多功能性的区域来甘山城市面貌。

主题句：To solve the problems identified above, the most influential factor may be the government who is responsible for modifying the old cities.

平行列举：Perhaps viaducts are needed to accommodate more vehicles and underground traffic systems such as railways or underpass tunnels can serve to ease road traffic dramatically. Persuading estate companies to construct more functional concrete jungles would probably be an effective strategy to mitigate the terrible living or working conditions. It would also help to improve the overlook of city if some districts are demolished for central business areas, public parks or statues.

结尾段

总结概括 文章 内容。

Overall, the governors play a vital role in city development, and tax payers should have the awareness of maintaining their new cities.

重点表达

impact on... 对...产生影响

to some extent 在某种程度上

it will/would be difficult for sb to do sth 对某人来讲做某事是有困难的

serve to 服务于

play a vital role in 在某方面发挥巨大作用

雅思大作文范文解析-如何解决城乡差异大的问题

题目

Some people think a rise in standard of living in a country only seems to benefit cities more than rural areas. What problems may those differences cause? How to solve those problems?

题型：问题解决

翻译：有些人认为，提高一个国家的生活水平似乎给城市带来的好处比农村更大。这些差异会造成什么问题?如何解决这些问题?

写作结构

开头段：引入背景+话题介绍

主体段 1：可能造成的问题之一

主体段 2：可能造成的问题之二

结尾段：可采取的措施

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“一个国家的工业化和城市化大大提高了公民的生活水平。然而，许多人断言发展的成就城市超过农村，并产生了许多问题”，表示“应采取措施解决问题”。

背景句：The industrialization and urbanization of a country have massively improved the living standard of its citizens. However, many people assert that the developmental achievements have benefited cities much more than rural areas and a series of problems have arisen.

话题介绍：This essay will discuss the problems and then offer feasible solutions to cope with the situation.

主体段 1

高度发达的大都市区占据了多数的优质资源，提供了大量的就业和商业机会，导致大量年轻农村居民涌入城市寻求机会，直接导致欠发达地区的劳动力和资金严重短缺。

主题句：The imbalance of economic and social progress between rural and urban areas is starkly visible and have triggered a number of problems.

平行列举：First, the highly developed metropolitan areas have occupied the quality resources of education, medical service, finance, commerce and entertainment, providing numerous opportunities in employment and business. As a result, a large number of young rural dwellers crowd into the city to pursue education, hunt jobs and make investments, directly leading to the severe shortage of available labour force and capital in the underdeveloped places. The loss in population and finance would inevitably worsen the overall economic development in rural districts.

主体段 2

由于农村和城市居民的受 教育 程度、职业和收入不同，可能导致农村居民进城务工的时候收到歧视。

主题句：The second problem resides in the aftermath of rural-urban migration.

平行列举：As a multicultural destination, the city holds a huge population with diverse backgrounds in terms of education, profession, income, social class, and even accent. Individuals from underdeveloped places tend to have less professional competence and personal wealth, due to the lack of educational and commercial resources in rural areas. Such discrepancy might trigger discrimination towards the rural residents who struggle their way through the urban jungle. What's worse, the widening wealth gap might even force the poorer ones to commit crimes to obtain more material possession.

结尾段

可采取措施解决发展不平衡的问题，如政府应该帮助农村居民利用当地资源发展旅游和商业贸易产业;在农村地区的教育系统中投入更多的劳动力和资金;还需要立法和监管来打击与歧视和暴力有关的行为。

Several solutions could be taken into account to improve the situation. The government should help rural residents exploiting local resources, such as natural landscape and specialty products, to develop industries in tourism and commercial trade. Once the industries are on the rise, job opportunities would be generated, along with a growing business revenue and average income. In addition, more workforce and fund should be invested into the education system in rural areas. If rural dwellers could obtain a specific skill or a certain academic qualification, they would be more professionally competent and employable. Furthermore, legislation and regulation are also required to fight against conduct related to discrimination and violence.

重点表达

living standard 生活水平

a series of 一系列

cope with 处理，解决

labour force 劳动力

simon雅思写作观点总结之城市化

Simon 写作观点集：Cities 城市化

for Urbanization 城市化的原因

People move to cities in search of job opportunities

Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living

People migrate to cities from the countryside

Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays

of City Life 城市生活的缺点

Life in cities has its drawbacks

The cost of living is higher than in rural areas

Some people d not manage to find work

Housing is usually much more expensive

Homelessness and poverty are common on cities

There is a gap between rich and poor

Life in cities can be extremely stressful

There are problems like traffic congestion and crime

Cities lack a sense of community

People do not even know their neighbor

Cities are sometimes described as “concrete jungles”.

Areas 人行道

Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environment

Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle

Many European cities have built bicycle lanes

Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity

People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier

Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists

[摘 要] 农村城镇化过程中，往往更注重其直接的经济效益，而容易忽视其间接的社会效益和环境效益,从而导致一系列环境问题与农村城镇化建设相伴而生，进而影响到城镇的持续健康发展。本文在对农村城镇化环境问题具体表现进行探讨的基础上，重点对农村城镇化环境恶化的原因进行了剖析。[关键词] 农村 城镇化 环境问题农村城镇化是农业人口向城镇地域集中和农村地域转化为城镇地域的过程，是农村经济发展的必然趋势。农村城镇化进程的关键在于搞好小城镇建设，而搞好小城镇建设又势必无法回避城镇的生态环境问题。如果我们对城镇化建设中的生态环境问题未给予足够的重视，就会与城镇可持续发展的目标相背离，进而直接影响到当地城市化、工业化战略的实施。在新形势下如何兼顾城镇化与生态环境保护,选择一条既能保护生态环境、又能实现城镇经济、环境与资源协调发展的城镇建设之路，对进一步贯彻落实科学发展观、建设资源节约型宜居城镇具有十分重要的现实意义。一、农村城镇化环境问题的具体表现1.人口增长过快。人口和自然之间应该说是相互作用、相互影响的。从一定意义上讲，农村城镇化既可使农村人口向城镇聚集，以减少对自然环境的负面影响；但同时也会加重城镇水、电、燃气等资源消耗的负担，增加生活垃圾、废气、污水等废弃物的排放。农村城镇化的发展，自然伴随着人口增长。但如果城镇的人口增长过快，一旦其产生的各种废弃物排泄量超出了城镇环境的承载能力和自净能力，就会带来城镇环境污染。2.生物多样性减少。生物界多种多样的物种是大自然的基本组成部分，也是人类赖以生存和实现可持续性发展的必要基础，而我国则是物种多样性最为丰富的国家之一。在农村城镇化建设过程中，由于缺乏合理规划，加之管理人员的环境保护意识相对淡薄，滥砍树木、乱占耕地、随意改造河塘等现象不时发生，破坏了生物的固有栖息地，致使城镇周围的生物多样性受到威胁，进而制约了城镇经济、社会以及资源、环境的可持续发展。3.土地资源短缺。土地资源短缺问题，在河北省乃至全国都表现得很突出。小城镇是农村经济发展到一定阶段的固有产物。在农村城镇化建设初期，许多地方对小城镇的功能、性质和定位的认识还不够清楚，把握还不够准确，只追求面积扩大，盲目向外扩张，有的甚至放弃已经形成的原有集镇，重新征地建设新城镇。这样就使得城镇建设用地的集约化程度降低，造成土地资源的浪费，使农村人与地之间的矛盾变得更为突出。4.地面沉降。由于城镇地域建筑物密度的增大,以及城镇排水系统等地下设施的大量增加，在一定程度上阻止了雨水向土壤的渗透；再加上人们对地下水的过度抽取，导致了地下水位的不断下降，进而引起了地面沉降。地面沉降的程度越大，其沉降区的分布范围也就越大。地面沉降不但可造成地面标高的损失，以及河道行洪能力的下降，而且还可造成房屋破坏、地下管线扭断破裂，进而对当地经济造成难以估量的损失。5.土壤污染。由于城镇土壤分布多呈现零星分布状态，面积相对小而孤立，土壤的生态系统较为封闭，物质循环与转化过程较为单调和缓慢，土壤微生物的种类和数量较少，因而其污染物代谢和降解功效，以及环境载荷能力相对较低。当城镇频繁的人为活动所产生的大量固体废物进入土壤，一旦超过了土壤的自净能力，就会造成土壤污染。因为有机废物是可以分解的，而无机废物如不加以处理就会永远侵占我们的土地资源。6.乡镇工业污染。随着乡镇企业的迅猛发展，城镇环境污染也正在从点到面、从局部向整体蔓延。从目前的情况看，农村城镇化建设过程中产生的环境问题主要来源于乡镇企业。这是与乡镇工业的粗放式经营有密切关联的。工业生产活动在城镇地区的集中，如果治理不周，工业企业所排放出来的废水、废物、废气和废渣等污染物会在一个位点上集中。当这些污染物排放超过自然系统本身的净化能力后，就会产生环境问题。7.生态环境恶化。农村城镇化的发展，不可避免地在一定程度上影响着城镇的生态环境。由于城镇建设规模的急剧扩张，使得城镇的环境基础设施建设速度难以跟上城镇发展的需要。到现在，一些城镇尚无系统排污管渠和集中污水处理厂，城镇污水大多是未经处理而就近排放；有的城镇其生活垃圾还主要采用的是露天堆放等简单处理方式。而没有经过处理的污水和随意堆放的固体垃圾，极易对城镇周围的环境造成破坏。 二、农村城镇化过程中环境恶化的成因1.缺乏科学合理的城镇规划。目前大部分城镇都坚持“城镇要建设，规划要先行”的方针。但也有些城镇的建设带有一定的随意性，缺乏科学合理的城镇规划指导，盲目追求“高、大、新、全”，从而导致城镇建设摊子铺得过大，城镇布局有些零乱、土地配置有些失当、功能分区不太明显，不仅给城镇的管理带来不便，而且也造成了土地资源的浪费，加大了城镇环境的治理难度。城镇规划布局的不合理，直接导致了城镇生态环境的恶化。2.缺乏环保意识。城镇环境保护是政府公共管理和社会服务的重要职能，但一些城镇人民政府却往往忽视可持续发展指标的导向，未把环境保护工作放到应有的地位来加以重视。在农村城镇化建设过程中，传统的资源开发利用方式仍未从根本上改变。重开发建设，轻环境保护；重当前利益，轻长远利益；盖厂兴镇不治污，毁林建房不绿化的现象在一些城镇依然存在。更有些人误以为，自然资源是取之不尽、用之不竭、可随意利用之物。3.自然资源的过量利用。自然资源能否合理利用将直接关系到环境保护的成效。在人类将自然资源加工成产品、又将生产排泄物返回到自然环境中去的循环往复过程中，如果不能充分、合理地利用资源，使资源得到最优化配置，那么生产排泄物将会积聚过多，就可能会造成污染。反之，如果能够循环、综合地利用自然资源，提高自然资源的转化率，那么，其生产排泄物就必然会减少，对生态环境造成的压力从而也就相应地会减少。4.环境监控能力薄弱。一是现行环保法律法规缺乏强制手段、操作性不强，排污收费和违法行为处罚标准偏低，在客观上造成了环保执法难的问题。二是环境管理体制无法适应环境保护工作的实际需要，环境管理的工作机制不健全，对外无法有效行使统一监管职能，对内无法形成上下联动、协调一致的局面。三是环境执法能力建设薄弱、执法装备落后，也严重影响了环境监控的正常进行和环境执法效能的提高。5.城镇环保基础设施建设滞后。城镇环保基础设施建设对城镇经济、社会的发展具有重要影响。与城市的环保基础设施建设相比，小城镇的环保基础设施建设速度明显滞后于小城镇建设。相当一部分城镇的环保基础设施建设与城镇的建设发展速度不相适应，跟不上城镇环境保护的需要。垃圾和污水的收集处理能力不强，清洁能源的使用率不高，使一些常规技术很容易解决的诸如烟尘、污水、垃圾等污染问题难以得到解决。6.城镇的经济与生态环境发展不协调。一些城镇片面追求经济效益，而忽视生态环境效益。经济效益和生态环境效益二者是相互联系、相互影响的。经济效益往往见效快，而且效果比较明显；而生态环境效益则往往具有一定的滞后性和累积性。一般说来，经济效益容易被人们所重视，因为它与人们的自身权益直接相关联。但如果只是追求一定的经济效益，而忽视相应的生态环境效益，往往就会适得其反。7.城镇环境保护方面的投入不足。在环境保护人员投入方面，目前城镇环境管理人员的编制还偏少，特别是在环境监督第一线的基层环保力量更显薄弱，远远不能满足城镇环境管理的需要。而且，从事环境保护工作的人员又多半是从其他管理部门和技术岗位上转岗而来。在环境保护财力投入方面，政府、企业对环境基础设施建设上的投入也显不足。可以说，环境基础设施不健全，直接制约和影响了城镇生态环境的改善。

自己去（城镇化与集约用地）期刊上免费下载吧