经济学论文英文文献的逗号

在做解析的时候用中文逗号，在做表格，折线，图形等统计的指标时用英文逗号！一般没什么大碍的，没有人会仔细看的！(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

这里是有很规范的标点知识。Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享：希望对你有用。必备|标点符号如何翻译？（附使用规则）比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文：Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”书名号里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”，英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以，因为斜体有时候看着不整齐，译文中文需要加上书名号，书名第一次出现，需要括号加注原英文名（人名也这样处理）。还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文：WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history. 里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢：这里考察英语地名从小到大，而且加个逗号，汉语里面是从大到小，不加逗号，比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节，可是我今天看了大家提交的译文，基本都这样写的：WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——：破折号的用法和翻译，这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节，经常用在文章或报道的开头，引出事件发生的背景（地点）。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。:Colon（冒号）1．引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语，翻译的时候保持：The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and bass. /His grades are a follows: English, an A; History. a B: Science, a D: and Math, a ．引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语，翻译的时候保持：Judges have a double duty；They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty／ He has only one pleasure: ．引出较长的正式引语或大段引语，翻译的时候是：或者，In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably ．用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后（英国用法中多用逗号），翻译的时候保持：Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:5．用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后，翻译的时候保持：TO. /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:6．用于时与分之间（英国法中多用句号）、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间，翻译的时候保持：The train is to leave at 8: 30. /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion 32. /You will find it in Genesis 2: ．分隔书名的标题与副标题，翻译的时候保持：或者破折号NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard， Comma（逗号）1．分隔并列成分We are tired, hungry and dilate. /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to walk. how to converse ．分隔并列句中的分句It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next day. / We must leave now, or we will miss the plane. / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that impossible. /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than ．分隔对比或对照成分He is sick, not drunk. /The more haste, the less ．分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown it. The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the safe. /They want us, you and me, to go there. /I have to get up early, particularly on ．分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you prefer. the red one or the blue one?6．分隔直接引语和导语Only a fool. "Sherman said, " would carry on like ．表示省略相同词语Some went to the right; others, to the . 分隔句首状语Usually, he is dressed in blue jeans. / Except for physics, my courses are not difficult. /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to ，常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语Honestly, that's all the money I have. /Personally, I prefer the other one. /Unfortunately, they were out when I called. /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of all. after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, ., e. )in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;7)yes, no, well, ohAnyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect us. /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. /This is, however, another side to this is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a fiasco. /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate him. /On the contrary, it hardly ever 's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the exam. /In my opinion, he is , times have changed. /Well, not much can be done about it now. /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!10．分隔日期、数字、地点Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. /The cinema is only open to adults, i. e.,people over 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los Angeles. /The price of this sedan car is $12,300./He lives at 1515 Halsted , ．分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?12．分隔呼语R W. Leeds, M. D. /George Washington, President/Smith, John W., would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a ．用于信件的称呼语之后（美国用法中多用冒号）或结束语之后Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,“ ”Quotation Mark（引号)1．用于直接引语注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:1）逗号、句号位于引号内（这是美国用法，英国用法多置于引号外）2）不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外3）在引语内再用引语时，可用单引号（这是美国用法，在英国用法中，单引号在外，双引号在内）4）引语不止一段时，引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next time. "/"No, you cant, "she wrote. "It's January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever free. "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door closed. " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be then heard the door closed.’Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this dictionary. Many are found on include the chemical elements... The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this dictionary. "2．用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by Keats. /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled Banner. " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”／ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "3．用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a ruler. /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a cast. / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak．”／ How do you spell the word＂ eclectic”？;Semicolon（分号）一般说来，分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间，即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系，比用句号分开的紧密，但不及用逗号分开的紧密。1．用于并列分句之间People make history: unusual people make history interesting. /Your car is new; mine is six years old. /I came, I saw I conquered. /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to rain. /We finally found the gate; however, it had been ．分隔已有逗号的并列成分，以避免歧义Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, ．用于由 for example， for instance， namely，that is（ to say）， in fact，i．e．，e．g等词语引出的分句之前Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she sang./Tom is well-liked: in fact. he is the most popular person in the class./He chose to invest in major industries: i. e, steel, automobiles, and oil.— Dash(破折号)1.用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面：It's an environmental issue. — That's not a small matter.这是个环境保护的问题，这不是一件小事。2.用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面（相当于一个括号）：During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would ski.假期中，我准是疯了，我决定去滑雪。3.用在一个引用的句子前面（代替一个冒号，或与分号一起用）：Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you are."大叔笑着回答道“不用了，不用了，你就呆到那。”4.表示意思的突然转折："And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about it."“我可以问——”小吴说；“不过我想还是你问他的好。”5.表示迟疑犹豫："I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken it."“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”6.总括前面列举的若干东西：News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of prosperity.新房子，扩建的学校，更多的羊、猪、鸡，更多的马和驴，这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。Italicization斜体字的使用1．书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York TimesMilton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s StarryNight2．交通工具、航天器等专名Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger3．作为例示的词、字母或数字The word receive is often misspelled. /The b in comb is silent4，表示强调的词语She never expected such a welcome. /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t ．表示未归化的外来词语In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]6．动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other animal. /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of ．法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名Madison v. Kingley/the Jones case8．剧本中的舞台提示ROBERT: Ah yes, of course. Sit down, sit down, please, Mrs. Ross. [She sits as if this made matters rather worse.]PHILIP: (Standing guard by her side. )My wife is a little agitated.取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典

用英文逗号，英文逗号使用注意事项：

在句中需要停顿的地方使用逗号。

逗号（“,”）是一个万能的标点，也许会在一篇文章中用到无数次。不过它最常见的用法应该是分隔同位语——即分隔句子，对主语进行添加补充。

结构

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成（例如附录）可有可无。

论文题目

要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

目录

目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）

内容提要

是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。

关键词定义

关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。

……无语了 ！你写的啥论文啊？英文的就用英文逗号，中文的就用中文逗号，是个人都懂，楼主会不懂吗？？？求告知！

逗号是中文的，其余都是英文的标点。包括点[1] 、[M]、[J]等。

在文章正文中，参考文献作者的名字作为句子一部分时，如果只有两个作者，将两个人的名字都列出来，用and连接; 如果这篇文献有大于两名作者，只列出第一作者的名字，后面接etal，而在etal之前不要接逗号。

当引用一个作者(principal author)的多篇文献时，采用该作者的名字，后面接“and co-workers”或者“ and colleagues”。

编排方式：

参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者，在正文中用同一序号标示。

一般来说，引用一次的文献的页码（或页码范围）在文后参考文献中列出。多次引用的文献，每处的页码或页码范围（有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码）。

分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处，置于方括号后（仅列数字，不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符；页码范围中间的连线为半字线）并作上标。