关于温度世界公民论文范文资料

、公民道德建设的重要性 1．社会主义道德建设是发展先进文化的重要内容。在新世纪全面建设小... 普及道德知识和道德规范，帮助人们加强道德修养。建立健全有关法律法规和制度，把公民道德建设融于科学有

我谈“发展才是硬道理” 2000年我毕业于一所中专学校的公共关系专业，四年的学习生活，让我学到了很多专业及非专业的很多知识，并且满脸自信和骄傲的走出校门，然而，在这几年中，我在工作上却是波折不断。 最初我在一家小公司做打字员，虽然工作简单，工资微薄，但初次工作的我仍然很高兴，且在父母身边很是逍遥。大约过了一年，我就想到外地走走，因为总觉得该在自己年轻的时候做点儿什么，不能安于现状了。于是，我来到了长春，因为近几年各大高校每年都扩大招生，我市的人才市场被大专、大本甚至研究生等高学历的人冲击着，中专的学历显得微不足道，我独自一人在这里费尽周折，终于在一家房地产公司做接待兼打字及整理资料的工作，正当我干劲十足时，半年后的公司一次大裁员中，我离职了，原因就是我是我们办公室中资历最浅、工作时间最短的人，虽然我理解到了现实的残酷，可仍然很伤心。接着，由于我文笔还算可以，虽然学历不高的我依然应聘到了一家酒店人事部做了文员，虽然工作轻松，很顺心，但我仍意识到自己在这儿没有太大的发展，难道我将来的生活就只能是这样吗？有了这个想法当然比自己在学校中显得成熟了许多，可是，更重要的是我意识到了知识的贫乏才是阻碍我发展进步的最大障碍，这才是我最应该认识到的最大的危机。 几年的努力，我的工作可是说是一个比一个好，如今，我在一所艺术院校上班，是一名外聘的行政人员，但该充电的时候也到了，我觉得一个人要想有真正的发展，只有渊博的知识，诚实正直的品质以及得体大方的言谈举止这几点结合起来，才会使自己的路越走越宽，于是我走进了远程教育的课堂，第一学期的学习使我兴奋极了，久违了的感觉全找回来了，尤其是通过理论学习使我的思想有了很大进步，对待一些问题及社会现象有了新的理解，同时，也使自己去掉了原有的浮躁。一个国家要想不被别国欺负，要想使自己的人民过得更好，只有不断发展、富强，在科技、文化、军事等各个方面提高我们的综合国力，而一个人要想使自己的生活得有价值，有内容，也只有通过不间断的学习，只有学习才会使自己真正发展起来，安于现状对一个国家及一个人都是不可取的，我们都要为自己立下一个目标，并且朝着这个目标坚持到底的走下去。 相信我们的祖国将来会更美好！ 相信我的将来也一定是灿烂的！

“温度”，这个范围也太大了吧，从哪些方面考虑呢？叫人摸不着头脑。 In physics, temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the greater temperature. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. On the macroscopic scale, temperature is the unique physical property that determines the direction of heat flow between two objects placed in thermal contact. If no heat flow occurs, the two objects have the same temperature; otherwise heat flows from the hotter object to the colder object. This is the content of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. On the microscopic scale, temperature can be defined as the average energy in each degree of freedom in the particles in a system- because temperature is a statistical property, a system must contain a few particles for the question as to its temperature to make any sense. For a solid, this energy is found in the vibrations of its atoms about their equilibrium positions. In an ideal monatomic gas, energy is found in the translational motions of the particles; with molecular gases, vibrational and rotational motions also provide thermodynamic degrees of freedom. Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales. In most of the world (except for Myanmar, Liberia and the United States), the Celsius scale is used for most temperature measuring purposes. The entire scientific world (these countries included) measures temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the kelvin scale, which is just the Celsius scale shifted downwards so that 0 K[1]= − °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the ., especially high-tech ones, also use the kelvin and degrees Celsius scales. Other engineering fields in the . also rely upon the Rankine scale (a shifted Fahrenheit scale) when working in thermodynamic-related disciplines such as , temperature is the measurement of how hot or cold something is, although the most immediate way in which we can measure this, by feeling it, is unreliable, resulting in the phenomenon of felt air temperature, which can differ at varying degrees from actual temperature. On the molecular level, temperature is the result of the motion of particles which make up a substance. Temperature increases as the energy of this motion increases. The motion may be the translational motion of the particle, or the internal energy of the particle due to molecular vibration or the excitation of an electron energy level. Although very specialized laboratory equipment is required to directly detect the translational thermal motions, thermal collisions by atoms or molecules with small particles suspended in a fluid produces Brownian motion that can be seen with an ordinary microscope. The thermal motions of atoms are very fast and temperatures close to absolute zero are required to directly observe them. For instance, when scientists at the NIST achieved a record-setting cold temperature of 700 nK (1 nK = 10−9 K) in 1994, they used optical lattice laser equipment to adiabatically cool caesium atoms. They then turned off the entrapment lasers and directly measured atom velocities of 7 mm per second in order to calculate their , such as O2, have more degrees of freedom than single atoms: they can have rotational and vibrational motions as well as translational motion. An increase in temperature will cause the average translational energy to increase. It will also cause the energy associated with vibrational and rotational modes to increase. Thus a diatomic gas, with extra degrees of freedom rotation and vibration, will require a higher energy input to change the temperature by a certain amount, . it will have a higher heat capacity than a monatomic process of cooling involves removing energy from a system. When there is no more energy able to be removed, the system is said to be at absolute zero, which is the point on the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where all kinetic motion in the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest in the “classic” (non-quantum mechanical) sense. By definition, absolute zero is a temperature of precisely 0 kelvins (− °C or − °F).The formal properties of temperature follow from its mathematical definition (see below for the zeroth law definition and the second law definition) and are studied in thermodynamics and statistical to other thermodynamic quantities such as entropy and heat, whose microscopic definitions are valid even far away from thermodynamic equilibrium, temperature being an average energy per particle can only be defined at thermodynamic equilibrium, or at least local thermodynamic equilibrium (see below).As a system receives heat, its temperature rises; similarly, a loss of heat from the system tends to decrease its temperature (at the--uncommon--exception of negative temperature; see below).When two systems are at the same temperature, no heat transfer occurs between them. When a temperature difference does exist, heat will tend to move from the higher-temperature system to the lower-temperature system, until they are at thermal equilibrium. This heat transfer may occur via conduction, convection or radiation or combinations of them (see heat for additional discussion of the various mechanisms of heat transfer) and some ions may is also related to the amount of internal energy and enthalpy of a system: the higher the temperature of a system, the higher its internal energy and is an intensive property of a system, meaning that it does not depend on the system size, the amount or type of material in the system, the same as for the pressure and density. By contrast, mass, volume, and entropy are extensive properties, and depend on the amount of material in the plays an important role in almost all fields of science, including physics, geology, chemistry, and physical properties of materials including the phase (solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma), density, solubility, vapor pressure, and electrical conductivity depend on the temperature. Temperature also plays an important role in determining the rate and extent to which chemical reactions occur. This is one reason why the human body has several elaborate mechanisms for maintaining the temperature at 37 °C, since temperatures only a few degrees higher can result in harmful reactions with serious consequences. Temperature also controls the type and quantity of thermal radiation emitted from a surface. One application of this effect is the incandescent light bulb, in which a tungsten filament is electrically heated to a temperature at which significant quantities of visible light are of the speed of sound in air c, density of air ρ and acoustic impedance Z vs. temperature °C