煤的英文文献论文

Coal-fired boiler energy saving project implementation programme（燃煤锅炉的节能项目实施计划）[Abstract]As a follow-up to the views on accelerating the development of energy saving and environmental protection industries (guofa [2013]30), the plan of action for the prevention of air pollution (guofa [2013]37), the 2014-2015 energy-saving low-carbon development action programme (run [2014]23 number) requests, these programmes have been quo and problems(A) the status quoBoiler is an important source of energy conversion devices, are also large consumers of energy and important source of atmospheric pollution. Dominated by coal-fired boilers in China, where coal-fired utility boilers to large capacity and high parameters in recent years rapid development, whether manufacturing or operations management are close to the international advanced level and large number of coal-fired industrial boilers, are widely distributed, high energy consumption and heavy pollution, energy efficiency and pollution control levels compared with foreign countries there is a gap, energy saving and emission reduction potential. By the end of 2012, China's coal-fired industrial boilers up to 467,000 units, the total steam capacity of million tons, year consumed about 700 million tons of raw coal, accounting for 18% per cent of the national total coal consumption. Lower overall energy efficiency of coal-fired industrial boilers, it is actually running efficiency 15% lower than the advanced international level, and has great energy saving potential. Meanwhile, emission intensity of coal-fired industrial boilers, are important sources of pollution, annual emissions of soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, respectively, and 33%, and 9% per cent of total national emissions. In recent years, the emergence of large-scale, prolonged severe smog, and regional characteristics of high strength, low emissions coal-fired industrial boilers are closely related.(B) the main problem"Eleven-Five", our increased boiler for energy saving and pollution control efforts, through the implementation of comprehensive improvement of reconstruction project for energy saving, pollution, promote energy efficiency benchmarking, strengthening supervision of law enforcement, strengthen capacity-building work, has achieved positive results, but there are still some problems, mainly in:One is grading. Most coal-fired industrial boiler capacity smaller, single Taiwan average capacity only for tons/Shi, which 2 tons/Shi following Taiwan number accounted for than up ; part boiler aging serious, many over depreciation years of boiler, even Shang century 780 generation production of low energy effect, and high emissions of boiler still in using; boiler system controlled level partial low, not conducive to workers condition regulation; efficient boiler price high, and market share low, and promotion difficulty big; industry concentrated degrees low, manufacturing enterprise number more, and scale small, technology General , economic level is not high. Boiler selection margin is too large, load fluctuations, limited capacity of regulating, operating efficiency is low. Fans, water pumps and other auxiliary equipment is mostly grade of load regulation. Boiler water cannot reach the national standard requirement, more serious scaling inside the boilers, the thermal efficiency is decreased. Run extensive management, operator technical quality is matches the fuel poor. Without washing and processing of coal boiler fuel, ash content and calorific value of coal complex, unstable, high sulphur content. Compare with burn washed coal, not only reduces boiler efficiency, environmental pollution was also increased. Clean fuels such as natural gas, biomass proportion is very is the environmental protection measures are not in place. 10 t/h the following coal-fired industrial boilers are not configured for efficient dust removal devices, with almost no desulphurization and denitrification facilities, excessive emissions seriously. Because the sources are too scattered, environmental regulation is difficult, steals ranked environmental violations such as are policies and regulations are not perfect. Boiler design, manufacture, operation, testing and other technical norms and standards for energy conservation and environmental protection is still not perfect, barriers to entry is low. Inadequate incentive and restraint mechanisms, lack of innovation driven market lacked internal sources of energy saving.