英语论文关于修辞手法的参考文献

1．能指出记叙的要素（时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果）。理解记叙文所记叙的事件、人物、景物及其所表现的思想意义。2．理解记叙文的人称（第一人称、第三人称），记叙的顺序（顺序、倒叙、插叙）的特点和作用。3．能归纳记叙文的中心思想，理解记叙文的中心和材料的关系、理解记叙的详略得当。4．理解和分析记叙中叙述、描写、议论、抒情、说明等多种表达方式综合运用的特点和作用。5．理解和分析记叙文中常用的表现手法（象征、对照、衬托等）和修辞手法（比喻、拟人、排比等），理解记叙性语言准确、生动的特点。

1.《论读书》培根随笔 Of Study STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.中文版：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。（ 译者：王佐良） 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。2.我喜欢这种淡淡的感觉I like the subtle fresh green budding from the branches of the tree--the herald of spring, ushering in the dawn...我喜欢这种淡淡的感觉 我喜欢看树枝上那淡淡的嫩绿,它是春天的使者,它是一天清晨的开始……I like the subtle flow of cloud that makes the sky seem even more vast, azure and immense...我喜欢天空中那淡淡的云，它将天空衬的更高更蓝更宽……I like the subtle wind. In spring, it steals a kiss on my cheek; in autumn, it caresses my face; in summer, it brings in cool sweet smell; in winter, it carries a crisp chilliness...我喜欢淡淡的风。春风轻吻脸颊，秋风抚面温柔，夏天的风送来凉爽，冬天的风带来清凉……I like the subtle taste of tea that last long after a sip. The subtle bitter is what it is meant to be...我喜欢喝淡淡的茶,淡淡之中才品出它余味的清香,淡淡的苦才是它原来的味道……I like the subtle friendship that does not hold people together. In stead, an occasional greeting spreads our longings far beyond...我喜欢追求淡淡的友谊。彼此之间不需要天天在一起，偶尔一句：你好吗？思念就像发芽一样蔓延开来……I like the subtle longing for a friend, when I sink deeply in a couch, mind wandering in memories of the past...我喜欢淡淡地思念一个人,静静地将自己包围在沙发之中，任思绪在回忆里飘荡……Love should also be subtle, without enslaving the ones fallen into her arms. Not a bit less nor a bit more...爱也要淡淡的。爱，不要成为囚，少是愁多也是忧……Subtle friendship is true; subtle greetings are enough; subtle love is tender; subtle longing is deep; subtle wishes come from the bottom of your heart...淡淡的一点友谊很真，淡淡的一点问候很醇，淡淡的一点依恋很清，淡淡的一点孤独很美，淡淡的一点思念很深，淡淡的一点祝福最真……