英文论文模板化学

英文论文的详细格式：

一、标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English734或BritishNovel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需doublespace,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上Thesis一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“TimesNewRoman”，1.5倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。

英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词：“KeyWords”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为WorksCited,其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题WorksCited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料：

发表论文作用：

论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：

1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生毕业需要；教师、医护人员、科研院所的人员、企业员工等晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题：教育、科技、卫生系统每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文是作为基金或课题完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文是对最新科技科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

参考资料来源：百度百科——英文论文

In nowadays, chemical products play a more important role in people's everyday life than ever before. As some people enjoy the convinience brought by artificial chemical products, more people begin to concern about the consequence after excessive use of chemical products. Many researches have shown the fact that chemical products are not as perfect as people used to believe; in fact, the harmful consequences of using particular chemical products are rapidly influence our environment and people's health.我认为开头这样就可以了，接下来就是主体，1楼列的几个可当作论点。每个一段。

1In the first study to look at what happens over the years to the billions of pounds of plastic waste floating in the world's oceans, scientists are reporting that plastics — reputed to be virtually indestructible — decompose with surprising speed and release potentially toxic substances into the water.2Chemicals are an important aspect in our economy and serves with many uses. However, when chemicals are not properly used they can create a problem with global security. There is the threat of chemical spills and also a possible use by terrorists. Many chemicals are stored and processed at numerous facilities. If terrorists were to attack any chemical plants in the United States it would kill more than 2 million people. There is also a long-term threat of contamination that will affect both people and the environment. These chemicals can contaminate the water and cause many illnesses to people. In 1962, Rachel Carson informed the public about the horrible effects that DDT had on the environment and health problems of humans. But it took 10 years for the United States to ban this compound. But not all chemicals pose a security threat. To reduce the use of chemicals facilities are required to provide the public with annual chemical releases. This has allowed our society to force these facilities to use these chemicals better and safer. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants came into effect in May 2004. This treaty would ban or restrict the production and use of 12 hazardous chemicals. There will always be an abundance of chemicals but their use needs to be lowered to make them less of a threat. 3A captain of a ship drunkenly crashes a massive oil tanker along a reef and changes the physical and emotional world forever. Chemical spills are major problems that plague the environment. Strict government regulation is trying to aid with this problem, but governmental leaders face many challenges. Disposal of harmful chemicals is often difficult and costly. Since chemical waste has destroyed the environment, steps are being taken to prevent further pollution. 看看，参考一下吧：

原文：4.2. 9-[2-(3-Carboxy-9,10-diphenyl)anthryl]-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-ones (DPAXs) The most widely used 1O2 trap is 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), which reacts rapidly and specifically with 1O2 to form a thermostable endoperoxide at a rate of k =1.3106 M1 s1. The decrease in absorbance at 355 nm is used as a measure of the formation of the endoperoxide. However, DPA derivatives are not very sensitive probes because the detection is based on the measurement of absorbance [79]. Umezaka et al. [79] fused DPA with a fluorophore (fluorescein) aiming to associate the first’s reactive characteristics with the second’s fluorescent characteristics. Fluorescein was chosen as fluorophore since it has a high fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution and is able to be excited at long wavelength. From this fusion resulted 9-[2-(3-carboxy-9,10-diphenyl)anthryl]-6- hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-ones (DPAXs) (Fig. 11) [79]. Thus, DPAXs were the first chemical traps for 1O2 that permitted fluorescence detection. They react with 1O2 to produce DPAX endoperoxides (DPAX-EPs) (Fig. 11). DPAXs themselves scarcely fluoresce, while DPAXEPs are strongly fluorescent. The mechanism accounting for the diminution of fluorescence in DPAXs and its enhancement in DPAX-EPs remain unclear [79]. The fluorescence intensity of fluorescein derivatives is known to be decreased under acidic conditions as a consequence of the protonation of the phenoxide oxygen atom. In order to stabilize the fluorescence intensity at physiological pH, electron-withdrawing groups wereincorporated at the 2- and 7-positions of the xanthene chromophore, leading to Cl (DPAX-2) and F (DPAX-3) (Fig. 11). This modification lowered the pKa value of the phenolic oxygen atom [79]. DPAX-2 was used to detect the production of 1O2 from two different generation systems: the MoO4 2/H2O2 system and the 3-(4-methyl-1-naphthy)propionic acid endoperoxide (EP-1) system, which act at different pH values (10.5 and 7.4, respectively). In both cases an increase of the probe’s fluorescence was verified when in contact with the generating system. These results confirmed DPAXs’ advantage when detecting 1O2 in neutral or basic aqueous solutions [79]. The behaviour of this probe towards H2O2, !NO and O2 ! was also studied, but no change in the intensity of the fluorescence was observed for any of these reactive species. These facts corroborate the specificity of this probe for 1O2 [79]. The detection of 1O2 in biological samples was also investigated. With this purpose, DPAX-2 diacetate (DPAX-2-DA) was prepared, since it was considered to be more permeable to cells. DPAX-2-DA is hydrolysed by intracellular esterases to generate DPAX-2. Both DPAX-2 and DPAX-2DA were tested and compared in the same assay systems. However, cells were stained similarly in both cases. This observation probably means that DPAX-2 itself is also membranepermeable [79].译文：420. 91-[2-(3-羧基-9,10-二苯)anthryl]-6 羟基3h-xanthen-3-酮 (dpaxs)使用最广泛的1o2阱9,10-diphenylanthracene(政治部) 而迅速的反应,特别是与1o2形成耐热endoperoxide的增长率为k=1.3106米1秒1. 减少24.6%,为355nm,是用来衡量形成的过氧化物. 不过,政治部衍生不是很敏感的探针,因为检测是基于测量吸光度[79]. umezakaetal. [79]fused审批与fluorophore(fluorescein)以准第一功的特点与第二的荧光特性. fluorescein被选为fluorophore,因为它具有较高的荧光量子产率在水溶液中,并能 兴奋长波长. 由此导致的融合 91-[2-(3-羧基-9,10-二苯)anthryl]-6 - 羟基3h-xanthen-3酮(dpaxs)(图11)[79]. 因此,dpaxs被化学第一陷阱1o2允许荧光检测. 他们的反应与1o2出示dpaxendoperoxides(dpax-eps)(图11). dpaxs自己scarcelyfluoresce,而dpaxeps强烈的荧光. 机制的会计核算窄化荧光dpaxs及其增强dpax-办事仍不清楚[79]. 荧光强度的荧光素衍生物已知是减少酸性条件下,随着大量的质子 该phenoxide氧原子. 为了稳定的荧光强度,在生理pH, 电子撤组wereincorporated在2-和7点位置的xanthene生色 通往cl(dpax-2)和F(dpax-3)(图11). 这个修改降低pKa值的酚氧原子〔79〕. dpax-2检测生产1o2从两个不同的发电系统: 该moo42/过氧化氢体系和3-(4-甲基-1-萘基)丙酸endoperoxide(ep-1)系统, 该法在不同pH值(10.5和7.4美元). 在这两种情况下,提高了探头的荧光验证时接触的发电系统. 这些调查结果证实dpaxs的优势,在检测1o2在中性或碱性溶液[79]. 该行为此探针对双氧水,! NO和O2! 还研究, 但不改变强度的荧光染色任何这些活性物种. 这些事实证实特异性这种探针1o2[79]. 检测1o2生物样品中为2.75%. 为了这个目的,dpax-2diacetate(dpax-2-da)制成的,因为它被认为是更容易接受细胞. dpax-2-daishydrolysedbyintracellularesterases产生dpax-2. 双方dpax-2dpax-2da试验,比较在同一实验系统. 但是,细胞染色同样,在这两种情况. 这个观察可能意味着dpax-2本身也是membranepermeable[79].