教育心理学观察法的论文

教育目标是教育教学工作的出发点和归宿。教育教学工作的顺利开展需要教育心理学为其服务。不同国家意识形态的不同决定了其教育目标的不同，但在教育教学实践中却有共同的和特殊的心理学问题。下面是我给大家推荐的，希望大家喜欢!

《教育心理学课程改革建设探索》

摘 要：本文介绍了对教育心理学课程改革建设所做的探索。这一改革针对以往教育心理学在课程与教学方面的问题。对教育心理学的课程目标、内容以及资源进行了系统调整。对教育心理学的教学方法、模式、手段以及评价进行了一系列有益的改革尝试。本文还对教学改革的相关问题作出了反思和建议。

关键词：教育心理学;改革原则;内容调整

1.存在的问题

1.1 课程与教材的问题。我国教育心理学教材主要有两种倾向：一种强调服务实际，一种偏重研究基础。过去我国的教育心理学教材，绝大部分强调以面向教育实际为出发点，强调“教育心理学的研究物件是教育过程中的种种心理现象与规律”，因此教育心理学教材往往从知识学习、技能培养、品德教育、审美教育、体能教育、学科教学、个别差异等角度进行组织。这样，教育心理学在某种程度上就成了注解教育实际的附属品，失去了其本身的学术价值和独立的学科价值。而随着西方心理学的发展，特别是认知心理学的引入，我国的教育心理学家为了突出本学科的科学特性，强调自身的心理学特性，又走向了另一个极端：重视实验室研究的基础，重视学理的价值，但又相对忽视了教学实际的需要。这样，使得我国的教育心理学完全转向了西方的“教学心理学”。

1.2 教学与评价的问题。在教育心理学教学方面，我国长期以来采取的都是教师课堂讲演的方式。虽然教育心理学的内容也涉及人本主义的学生中心、涉及建构主义的学习理论、涉及合作学习和探究教学等主题，但实际的课堂上，往往采取的仍然是“教师认真讲、学生拼命记”的思路，学生戏称教师是“用行为主义或认知主义的方式教授人本主义或建构主义的内容”，“教师说一套做一套”。

2.构建教育心理学内容体系要遵循的原则

合理建构教育心理学的内容体系仍是一个值得思考的问题，我们认为构建教育心理学内容体系时要遵循以下原则：

2.1 根据教育目标决定教育心理学内容体系的框架。教育目标是教育教学工作的出发点和归宿。教育教学工作的顺利开展需要教育心理学为其服务。不同国家意识形态的不同决定了其教育目标的不同，但在教育教学实践中却有共同的和特殊的心理学问题，对教育心理学的要求有共同之处也有不同之处，这在一定程度上影响着教育心理学的内容。当教育的目标和内容确定以后，就要研究如何有效地教和有效地学并解决教育教学过程中出现的心理学问题。

2.2 内容的选择上遵循稳定性和灵活性相结合的原则。

从长远来看，教育心理学内容体系是一个相对稳定且又随时代变化的动态结构系统。教育心理学的内容可分为基本的和变动的部分。一般说来，基本理论、学习心理、教学心理、个别差异、心理测量与评价等是教育心理学稳定的、公认的基本内容，这可以说是教育心理学内容上稳定的部分，但这里说的稳定是相对而言的，随着教育心理学自身和邻近学科的发展，传统的研究领域也会出现新的研究成果。而教育心理学研究的前沿动态、与基础教育教学改革相联络的内容相对来说是变动的部分。在建构教育心理学的内容体系时，只有遵循稳定性和灵活性相结合的原则，才能顺应当时的需要和科学地确定整个教育心理学的内容体系。

3.教育心理学课程结构与教学内容的调整

3.1 优化结构体系。教育心理学作为研究学生学习的特点、规律与条件的科学，主要内容包括心理发展与教育、学习理论与教学、一般学习心理、分类学习心理、教学心理与教师等部分。其中，“心理发展与教育”部分主要阐述皮亚杰、维果斯基、艾里克森、柯尔伯格等心理发展的理论;“学习理论与教学”部分关注基础知识，厚今薄古，压缩旧理论如巴甫洛夫、桑代克、托尔曼等人的理论的篇幅，突出新观点。“一般学习心理”部分涉及学习动机、学习迁移、学习的实质与型别、学习的生理机制等内容。“分类学习心理”部分涉及知识建构、技能形成、学习策略、问题解决、社会规范和品德等方面的学习过程及其促进条件。“教学心理与教师”部分涉及教学设计、有效教学策略、个别差异、教学评价、资讯科技教育应用等内容。在整体上，学习与教学心理部分前后呼应、相辅相成，课程结构浑然一体。

3.2 教学体系的改革

3.2.1 改革教学方法。根据不同的主题，采取了多样化的教学方法。①课堂讲演与师生讨论。适用于教育心理学的基本理论问题，如教育心理学的研究物件与发展历史，心理发展理论，学习理论，动机理论等。②小组合作与探究学习。适用于教育心理学的基本规律间题，如知识的建构、技能的形成、学习策略的运用、问题解决能力的培养、社会规范的内化等。③课堂观察与案例分析。让学生观摩典型的课堂教学录影1一2次，运用所学理论分析教学的优劣，并提交书面的案例分析报告。④文献阅读与研究性学习。在学习教育心理学的初期，就向学生介绍和教育心理学相关的中英文期刊，鼓励学生自主阅读文献，尤其鼓励学生阅读英文期刊的学术论文，并要求提交1篇读书笔记。

3.2.2 改革教学手段。从两方面将资讯科技整合到教学中来。①我们共同合作，为整个课程制作了系列电脑简报，以及有关核心主题的一些多媒体教学课件。②利用教育心理学实脸室的条件，建立了教育心理学课程的网路教学系统，提供教学资源、相关连结、论坛、留言板、试题库、邮件列表等栏目，促进师生、生生之间进行网上交流、合作、讨论、答疑以及传送作业等。

3.2.3 改革教学评价。以教学目标为依据，兼顾课堂表现、结业考试、论文撰写等形式。课堂表现包含学生出勤情况、参与课堂讨论、提出创造性见解的情况。结业考试主要采取选择题和简答题的形式，不仅考察知识面，也注重考察对基本概念的理解、分析、综合和评价的情况。课程论文包括小组合作学习主题报告、自主阅读的文献笔记以及对实际观摩课堂的案例分析等内容。

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Education and educational psychology is the study of the educational process, educators and the educated and the phenomenon of mental activity and change of generation branch of psychology. It is a range of education, science and interdisciplinary between Psychological Science. It is mainly teachers and students context of teaching and learning interaction between the psychological process of teaching and learning in the process of psychological phenomena.Educational Psychology in the late nineteenth century became an independent discipline, but in the history of many educators have been able to practice in education based on the psychological state of the targeted teaching. For example, the ancient Chinese educator Confucius asked: "Do not anger does not start, do not but can not speak does not send" heuristic teaching method. Socrates also made in ancient Greece: "I am not giving knowledge. But knowledge generated by their own midwife" This Educational Psychology. The production of educational psychology, is the combination of psychology and education, and gradually form an independent branch of the historical process.Early in the nineteenth century German psychologist Herbart clearly on the first teaching and learning of psychology as a theoretical basis. He will be a combination of psychology and education, educational psychology attempt to have played a larger role in promoting. His book "General Education" and other books on education set up to explore the role of psychology.The generation of experimental psychology as an independent discipline of educational psychology is another important condition, which led to the emergence of experimental education, experimental pedagogy is a pioneer in educational psychology, experimental psychology and pedagogy is a product of integration. Psychological Testing and the birth of educational psychology provides a theoretical and method in psychology, the process of formation and development of law played an important catalytic role. How to adapt to individual differences and individualized, is the common task of pedagogy and psychology, intelligence tests and educational tests is to understand the mental state of students and the teaching effect tool.In 1903, an American psychologist Thorndike wrote, "Educational Psychology", which later expanded to three volumes of "Educational Psychology", published in 1913 -1914, which established the educational psychology as a the status of independent subjects, marking the official birth of educational psychology. In this book, including human nature, learning psychology, individual differences and the reasons of three parts. His study of three law (law of effect, reserve ratio, practice law) and individual differences theory, after 20 years of educational psychology as an important research subject.With the development of education, social development, to meet the needs of educational development, educational psychology, the task of increasing study also expanded the scope and depth. Europe and the United States is to study the general characteristics of child development, special children's mental activity, learning psychology, learning methods, learning counseling and mental health, mental structure and mode of learning, education and psychological measurement and evaluation of teachers in psychology. The development of modern science, especially in modern biology, anthropology, sociology, medicine and the development of psychiatry have an impact on educational psychology, prompting it constantly updated to meet the requirements of social development. United States, "Annual Review of Psychology" comprehensive agreement on all aspects of comparison that the educational psychology research tasks and targets should include eight items: education evaluation and measurement; the characteristics of child development; special children and their education; about learning psychology educational methods; special subjects of study; study counseling and mental health; teachers, staff and teachers to promote learning behavior; educational psychology approach.Educational psychology research methodology is observation, investigation and interview, natural experiment, laboratory experiment and so the basic observation is the educational psychology research methods, experimental method is more practical research methods.Today, the world As regard the important role of education, more emphasis on education of their children grow. And a higher education requirement, due to fast development of society, from which reflected individual differences and diversity has become increasingly evident, with many new things and subjects, and this also suggests a greater education challenges. So I think for the study of educational psychology has a very broad prospects and challenges, so I am very willing to join the educational psychology of learning and study, want to learn, they can on this subject a deeper understanding, and can the knowledge applied to work in the future to serve the community which